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Open Science (OS) is an umbrella term comprising principles to increase the transparency of research. Besides Open Access to scientific articles, these principles contain public availability of reusable methods (e.g., code and tools), data, and educational materials. This document outlines a plan to achieve the transition towards OS. ITC’s Strategic Plan for OS 2021-2025 - Towards an Open Future contains five initiatives: 1.OS at ITC aims to provide guidelines and OS capacity development to address the obstacles ITC researchers encounter when doing OS. 2.The ITC Knowledge Hub will provide services and tools to access, create, and publish open research, including scientific results based on qualitative/quantitative analyses using computational workflows. 3.Open Educational Resources will be addressed by exploring options to realise Open Educational Resources at ITC and providing lecturers with guidelines and support to create them. 4.The OS Community Twente serves as an inter-disciplinary, bottom-up community to promote, learn, share, and discuss OS practices. 5.Research & Funding aims to address challenges in OS through innovative developments and user studies. A further output is to generate funding to realise the ambitious aims presented in the plan. For a successful OS transition, the initiatives aim to address the Rewards & Recognition system, valorise Sharing & Collaboration, develop OS Knowledge & Skills, and foster Cultural change & Societal impact.

The scientific principles of reservoir engineering are a decisive key for an appropriate development of geothermal resources. Conventional geothermal resources cover a wide range of uses for power production and direct application. For unconventional systems a large scientific and industrial community has been involved in developing so-called Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The concept involves different ways to increase access to heat at depth by improving exploration methods, drilling and reservoir assessment technologies for deep geothermal resources, and ultimately the stimulation of low-permeability reservoirs. These stimulation treatments are a well established and well understood method with long experience in the oil and gas industry. They should be designed individually depending on the reservoir rock properties, stratigraphic sequences, and structural geological setting to achieve the best results in terms of developing an appropriate down hole heat exchanger and a strategy to reduce the risk of undesired seismic events. Designing a special concept of the well path, including sub horizontal sections in the reservoir and special alignment according to the stress field, offers the possibility for multiple fracture treatments in a well to develop the geothermal field. In case of generating mostly tensile fractures with minor shear displacement, sustainability of fracture opening can be assured by adding proppants (meshed sand or man-made ceramics). A cyclic injection design in combination with the multi-frac concept tends to produce less seismic events with significant lower total seismic energy release if compared to a constant flow rate and a single fracture treatment.

Magmatic settings involving active volcanism are potential locations for economic geothermal systems due to the occurrence of high temperature and steam pressures. Indonesia, located along active plate margins, hosts more than 100 volcanoes and, therefore, belongs to the regions with the greatest geothermal potential worldwide. However, tropical conditions and steep terrain reduce the spectrum of applicable exploration methods, in particular in remote areas. In a case study from the Lamongan volcanic field in East Java, we combine field-based data on the regional structural geology, elemental and isotopic composition of thermal waters, and the mineralogical and geochemical signatures of volcanic rocks in exploring hidden geothermal systems. Results suggest infiltration of groundwater at the volcanoes and faults. After infiltration, water is heated and reacts with rocks before rising to the surface. The existence of a potential heat source is petrologically and geophysically constrained to be an active shallow mafic-magma chamber, but its occurrence is not properly reflected in the composition of the collected warmed spring waters that are predominantly meteoric in origin. In conclusion, spring temperature and hydrochemistry alone may not always correctly reflect the deep geothermal potential of an area.