Search

The introduction of the best modern approaches to public management in the economic sphere is of particular importance for Ukraine. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the initiated structural reforms in Ukraine put forward new requirements for public management in the economic sphere. Thus, existing approaches to public management in the economic sphere require transformation. The lack of sufficient scientific justification for improving public management in the economic sphere in modern Ukrainian science indicates the importance of paying attention to this particular problem. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for improving public management in the economic sphere in Ukraine. In the paper, it is proposed to develop a concept of public management strategy in the economic sphere in Ukraine, which takes into account the tasks of increasing the economic independence of regions and territorial communities, supporting their economic development, increasing their economic activities, and ensuring competitiveness in the long term. Attention is also paid to identifying priority areas for improving the state regional policy in the economic sphere; creating conditions and eliminating internal and external threats to the economic development of the country, regions, and territorial communities; improvement of forecasting and policy documents on economic development.

The paper investigates the legal regulation of land lease in Ukraine. The expediency of strengthening the role and responsibility of the state in the field of conservation of leased land is substantiated. The current legislative provisions governing the legal issues of leasing land plots in Ukraine are provided. The main issues of legal regulation of land lease in Ukraine are formulated from the standpoint of the current legislative acts. The relevance of the issue is determined by the urgent need to resolve all issues arising between the parties upon handover (acceptance) of land for lease in Ukraine within the framework of the current legislation. Legal regulation of all issues related to the lease of land in Ukraine helps to prevent and resolve disputes between the parties related to ignorance, or failure to perform obligations of lease agreements, which are consolidated by the provisions of the current legislation, by any of the parties. Relations between lessees and lessors acquire a legislative framework, which greatly facilitates the resolution of all possible disputes. The practical significance of the study lies in identification and statement of the main regulations of current legislation, which objectively govern the issues of lease relations between the parties in Ukraine, from a legal position. The results of the paper, the conclusions and opinions contained therein, can be used in practical activities by organizations and individuals concluding lease agreements with each other for the right to use land plots in order to settle their lease obligations from the standpoint of the law. Of particular importance is the ability to facilitate the successful resolution of disputes between parties entering into lease relations, or to completely avoid them.

The relevance of structuring relations in the field of civil law is determined by the forms of interaction between the subjects that were the initiators of the termination of legal relations. In this regard, the issues of maintaining relations, which could be continued in the future, are regulated on the basis of other contractual relations. With that, the works of legal scholars do not always provide sufficient grounds to propose points of fixation of the termination of relations. In this regard, the establishment of the meaning of legal facts for the formation of high-quality relationships between legal subjects after the termination of interaction remains very relevant. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time the aspects of creating and consolidating forms that would ensure sustainable development and minimize conflicts after termination of contractual relations are considered in civil law. The authors of the paper analyze the current legislative provisions and determine the direction of its development in the context of globalization. The article explores the theoretical construct of these relations and provides an analysis of civil legislation as applied to industry standards of economic legislation. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the application of the developed provisions will facilitate the harmonization of national legislations in the formation of bloc legal systems.

Rytidosperma species (formerly Austrodanthonia) are native grasses common in temperate grasslands of southern Australia. Nine Rytidosperma species, Lolium perenne and Bromus hordeaceus were grown as microswards in pots in a glasshouse, and their growth response to six levels of applied P was measured. Shoot yield differed up to twofold between the highest- and lowest-yielding Rytidosperma species. Some Rytidosperma species were slow growing with minimal ability to respond to increased soil P availability. However, three species, Rytidosperma duttonianum, Rytidosperma racemosum and Rytidosperma richardsonii, had a similar shoot yield to L. perenne. Species that grew well at high P also grew well at low P, except B. hordeaceus, which was the lowest-yielding species at low P, but had among the highest yields at high P. No species showed evidence of P toxicity. The species exhibited a range in critical external P requirement (i.e. amount of P applied for 90% maximum yield). Among the fast-growing Rytidosperma species, R. richardsonii was notable because it had a low critical external P (16·3 mg P pot−1) and high agronomic P-use efficiency (94·1 g DW g−1 P applied). In contrast, R. duttonianum had a higher critical external P requirement (22·4 mg P pot−1) and lower agronomic P-use efficiency (85 g DW g−1 P applied). It was concluded that it is important to know which Rytidosperma species are present in a grassland to understand how it may respond to P fertilization. The results help to explain the diverse opinions expressed about the productivity of pastures containing Rytidosperma species.

On the basis of information gathered from returning personnel of the many overseas aid programs, the author believes that new training methods are needed to establish desirable behavioral attributes in prospective volunteers. (RB)

The evolution of Tethyan phosphogenesis during the Cretaceous–Eocene is examined to try to explain fluctuations of phosphogenesis through time, and whether or not they reflect long-term changes in ocean circulation or in continental weathering. Twenty-seven time-stratigraphic phosphate levels in various Tethyan sites, covering a time span of about 90 Myr from the Hauterivian to the Eocene, were analyzed for 44 Ca/ 42 Ca and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd in their carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) fraction. P and Ca accumulation rates and bulk sedimentation rates were quantified throughout the Cretaceous–Eocene Negev sequence to examine how changes in 44 Ca/ 42 Ca and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd are reflected in the intensity of phosphogenesis. A clear-cut change occurs in e Nd( T ) and δ 44 Ca and in the rates of P and Ca accumulation and bulk sedimentation through the time analyzed. e Nd( T ) is much lower in the Hauterivian–Lower Cenomanian (− 12.8 to − 10.9) than in the Upper Cenomanian–Eocene (− 7.8 to − 5.9). Much lower δ 44 Ca values occur in the Hauterivian–Turonian (− 0.22 to + 0.02) than in the Coniacian–Eocene (+ 0.23 to + 0.40). P accumulation rates in the Negev steeply increase from − 2 k yr − 1 in the Albian–Coniacian to ∼ 1500 μmol cm − 2 k yr − 1 in the Campanian, whereas a strong decrease is concomitantly recorded in the rates of Ca accumulation and bulk sedimentation. In addition, distinct e Nd( T ) values are shown by the phosphorites of the Negev (− 6.7 to − 6.4) and Egypt (− 9.1 to − 7.6) during the Campanian, and by those of the Negev (− 7.8 to − 6.3) and North Africa (− 10.1 to − 8.9) during the Maastrichtian–Eocene. The culmination of P accumulation rates in the Negev during the Campanian, occurring with a high in e Nd( T ) and δ 44 Ca and a low in sedimentation rates, indicates that paleoceanographic and paleogeographical factors mostly governed phosphorite accumulation in this area. The abrupt e Nd( T ) rise after the Cenomanian is attributed to increased incursion of Pacific (radiogenic) water masses into the Tethys, driven by the Late Cretaceous global sea-level rise, the connection between North and South Atlantic, the global post-Santonian cooling, and the progressive widening of the Caribbean threshold, all acting in combination to significantly intensify the Tethyan circumglobal current (TCC). It also reflects a weakening of the continental Nd signal due to a reduction of exposed landmasses caused by increased flooding of continental shelves. High δ 44 Ca values at those times also point to a decrease in weathering Ca +2 fluxes and expansion of carbonate sedimentation in shelves, both enriching seawater with isotopically heavy Ca +2 . Deep ocean circulation intensified by the post-Santonian cooling of high latitudes increased P inventory in the Tethys basin, whereas the strengthened TCC and the folded shelf likely resulted in coastal and topographically-induced upwelling, supplying P-rich intermediate waters to southeastern Tethys shelves. Only in the Paleocene–Eocene, following major changes in global circulation produced by narrowing of Tethys and widening of the Atlantic, did phosphogenesis shifts its locus of high intensity to the western (Atlantic) Tethys and West African Atlantic coasts. This change in paleocirculation is expressed by distinctly differing e Nd( T ) in the Middle East and the North and West African phosphorites, suggesting different oceanic P sources and current systems for these two major groups of phosphorites. Our Nd isotope results further suggest a weaker TCC during the Mid-Cretaceous, becoming more intense in Late Cretaceous times. They also point to the North Pacific Ocean as major source of deep water formation for the intermediate–deep waters in the Tethys Basin during the Late Cretaceous.

In the Phytobenthos cross-Geographical Intercalibration Group (GIG): 11 Member States (see Table 2.1) submitted their lake phytobenthos assessment methods; Intercalibration (IC) was carried out for three broad common types: high alkalinity (HA), moderate alkalinity (MA) and low alkalinity (LA) lakes; Intercalibration “Option 2” was used for HA and MA types - indirect comparison of assessment methods using a common metrics, while direct comparison was carried out for LA type where only 2 assessment systems were compared; The Trophic Index (Rott et al. 1999) was used as IC common metric, it was benchmark-standardized using “continuous enchmarking” approach; 8 countries participated in HA type intercalibration (HU and PL were excluded from calculation of harmonization ban, but included later), 8 countries participated in MA type intercalibration (FR, IT and DE excluded), 4 countries participated in LA type intercalibration (SE and FI excluded); The final results include harmonised EQRs of BE, DE, HU, IE, PL, SE, SI and UK phytobenthos methods for HA type; BE, FI, IE, SE, UK - for MA type, IE and UK – for LA type.

International audience; A pan-European study permits harmonisation of high/good and good/moderate ecological status boundaries for lakes using benthic diatoms.

As part of the WFD implementation, Member-States must intercalibrate their ecological status evaluation systems in the context of geographical intercalibration groups (GIGs) working in comparable natural biogeographic zones and driving exercises targeted at the same typologies of watercourses (mainly based on integrated surface of the watershed at the survey site, mineralization of water and, if necessary, on altitude criteria). Phytobenthic assessment methods of the Central-Baltic GIG watercourses had been subjected to a first intercalibration cycle which was completed in 2007. Since that date, specific work has been carried out through the ECOSTAT Group in order to clarify and improve the criteria used for the validation of reference sites at the European level. That work could have changed the appropriate reference level to be retained by national watercourse type and, at the same time, the level of deviation from the appropriate reference used to establish the Ecological Status of European rivers. Therefore, it was considered necessary to renew the previous intercalibration work, following the revision of criteria for reference sites validation, by conducting a second round intercalibration involving 14 member states, or member states administrative areas using different evaluation systems. The present document is the final report of the 2nd "Central-Baltic" GIG Intercalibration Round for Rivers, currently submitted to E.U. validation.; Dans le cadre d'application de la DCE, les Etats-Membres doivent intercalibrer leurs systèmes d'évaluation de l'état écologique, dans le cadre de groupes géographiques d'intercalibration (GIGs) permettant de travailler sur des zones biogéographiques naturelles comparables, et dans le cadre d'exercices ciblés sur les mêmes typologies de cours d'eau (essentiellement basés sur la surface intégrée du bassin versant au site, la minéralisation de l'eau et, si nécessaire, sur des critères d'altitude). Les méthodes d'évaluation phytobenthiques des cours d'eau du GIG Central-Baltique avaient fait l'objet d'un premier cycle d'intercalibration qui s'est achevé en 2007. Depuis cette date, un travail spécifique a été mené sous l'égide du Groupe ECOSTAT pour préciser et améliorer les critères servant à la validation des sites de référence au niveau européen. Ces travaux ont pu changer le niveau de référence adéquat à retenir par type national de cours d'eau et, du même coup, le niveau d'écart à la référence adéquate servant à établir l'Etat Ecologique. De ce fait, il a été jugé nécessaire de renouveler les travaux d'intercalibration, suite à cette révision des critères de validation des sites de référence, par la réalisation d'un 2ème Round d'intercalibration auquel ont participé 14 Etats-Membres ou zones administratives différentes d'Etats-Membres utilisant un système d'évaluation différent. Le présent document constitue le rapport final du 2ème Round d'intercalibration des cours d'eau du GIG Central-Baltique, soumis à l'U.E. et actuellement en cours de validation.

As part of the WFD implementation, Member-States must intercalibrate their ecological status evaluation systems in the context of geographical intercalibration groups (GIGs) working in comparable natural biogeographic zones and driving exercises targeted at the same typologies of watercourses (mainly based on integrated surface of the watershed at the survey site, mineralization of water and, if necessary, on altitude criteria). Phytobenthic assessment methods of the Central-Baltic GIG watercourses had been subjected to a first intercalibration cycle which was completed in 2007. Since that date, specific work has been carried out through the ECOSTAT Group in order to clarify and improve the criteria used for the validation of reference sites at the European level. That work could have changed the appropriate reference level to be retained by national watercourse type and, at the same time, the level of deviation from the appropriate reference used to establish the Ecological Status of European rivers. Therefore, it was considered necessary to renew the previous intercalibration work, following the revision of criteria for reference sites validation, by conducting a second round intercalibration involving 14 member states, or member states administrative areas using different evaluation systems. The present Volume 2 contains the appendices of the final report of the 2nd "Central-Baltic" GIG Intercalibration Round for Rivers, currently submitted to E.U. validation.; Dans le cadre d'application de la DCE, les Etats-Membres doivent intercalibrer leurs systèmes d'évaluation de l'état écologique, dans le cadre de groupes géographiques d'intercalibration (GIGs) permettant de travailler sur des zones biogéographiques naturelles comparables, et dans le cadre d'exercices ciblés sur les mêmes typologies de cours d'eau (essentiellement basés sur la surface intégrée du bassin versant au site, la minéralisation de l'eau et, si nécessaire, sur des critères d'altitude). Les méthodes d'évaluation phytobenthiques des cours d'eau du GIG Central-Baltique avaient fait l'objet d'un premier cycle d'intercalibration qui s'est achevé en 2007. Depuis cette date, un travail spécifique a été mené sous l'égide du Groupe ECOSTAT pour préciser et améliorer les critères servant à la validation des sites de référence au niveau européen. Ces travaux ont pu changer le niveau de référence adéquat à retenir par type national de cours d'eau et, du même coup, le niveau d'écart à la référence adéquate servant à établir l'Etat Ecologique. De ce fait, il a été jugé nécessaire de renouveler les travaux d'intercalibration, suite à cette révision des critères de validation des sites de référence, par la réalisation d'un 2ème Round d'intercalibration auquel ont participé 14 Etats-Membres ou zones administratives différentes d'Etats-Membres utilisant un système d'évaluation différent. Le présent Tome 2 contient les annexes du rapport final du 2ème Round d'intercalibration des cours d'eau du GIG Central-Baltique, qui a été soumis à l'U.E. et qui est en cours de validation.