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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on quality of life among Swedish patients., Materials and Methods: Patients subjected to orthognathic surgery due to dentofacial deformity (DFD) and registered in the National Register of Orthognathic Surgery (NROK) in Sweden between 2017 and 2020 were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Swedish-validated Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-OQLQ) was used to evaluate patient quality of life before and after surgery. The S-OQLQ measured each patient's subjective experience regarding social aspects., Results: Eighty-four participants were included in this cohort study, including 45 men (mean age 24.7 years), 48 women (mean age 23.4 years), and eight patients who stated no gender. Women generally graded several aspects of the S-OQLQ higher than men, including facial aesthetics p = 0.029), oral function (p < 0.001), and awareness of facial deformity (p = 0.0054). For all domains of the questionnaire (social, facial aesthetics, function, and awareness), a significant improvement was seen 6-24 months after surgery (p < 0.001). Women rated improvement of function and awareness of facial deformity higher than men (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively)., Conclusion: Quality of life aspects of orthognathic surgery have a strong impact on the treatment outcome. Although functional impairment is often considered a major indication for surgery, the social and aesthetic influence of DFD is highly rated by patients, whereas pain is not an issue before or after treatment., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients with dentofacial deformity (n = 107) compared with that of healthy individuals (n = 108) from 2019 to 2020., Methods: Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) were administered to the individuals before surgery (T1) and 6 months after surgery (T2)., Results: Preoperative scores (T1) were greater in the surgical group than in the control group in all domains of both surveys (p ≤ 0.001). Postoperative scores (T2) in the surgery group decreased significantly after surgery in all domains in both surveys (p < 0.001). The OHIP-14 scores in the control group at T2 were significantly greater than those in the other domains except for functional limitation at T1. The type of surgery had no effect on quality of life. Class III patients had higher preoperative scores in certain domains. Postoperative physical disability (p = 0.037), physical pain (p = 0.047), and preoperative social disability (p = 0.030) scores of OHIP-14 awareness of dentofacial aesthetics of OQLQ (p = 0.019) were found to be higher in females than in males., Conclusions: The results showed that orthognathic surgery positively affected quality of life. The control group showed differences in T1 and T2 scores, which can be attributed to their psychological status., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between clinician-assessed (actual) and self-assessed (perceived) dentofacial features and their association with bullying in schoolchildren. Methods: The sample comprised 519 schoolchildren aged 10 to 12 years old (235 boys and 284 girls) randomly selected from private and public schools. Clinical evaluations were performed to record dento- facial features, and the children were asked a self-reported questionnaire about their personal experience of bullying and perceived dentofacial features. Descriptive statistics (counts and percentages) as well as chi-square to analyze the association between variables were applied. Results: The results showed that 57.2 percent of the children reported being bullied, and the mainly perceived dentofacial features cited were: "crooked teeth" (46.3 percent), "shape or color of teeth" (45.5 percent), "upper front teeth sticking out" (43.8 percent), and "having a gap between the teeth or having missing teeth" (35.5 percent). Statistically significant associations between actual and perceived dentofacial features and involve- ment in bullying were observed for anterior crowding (P=0.01), anterior crossbite (P<0.001), lip competence (P=0.008), and anterior dental trauma (P=0.04). Conclusion: Some actual and perceived dentofacial traits are associated with bullying, so these features and the schoolchil- dren's compliances should be considered to determine the treatment need.

Background: Orthognathic surgery addresses facial aesthetics and function in patients with dentofacial deformities. It is associated with changes in upper airway volume (UAV). If changes in UAV are perceived by asymptomatic patients is unclear., Purpose: The purpose was to measure associations between changes in UAV and patient-reported benefits using patient-reported outcome measures., Study Design: A sample presenting dentofacial deformities without reported breathing problems undergoing orthognathic surgery was retrospectively studied. Patients aged 18-30 years with 12-month follow-up were included. Patients with systemic disease, drug abuse, mental health disorder, or temporomandibular joint dysfunction were excluded., Predictor: The predictor variable was changes in UAV measured in 3-dimensional computed tomography. Subjects were grouped into increased or decreased UAV., Main Outcome Variable: The primary outcome variable was changes in health-related quality of life measured with Oral Health Impact Profile 49 (OHIP-49)., Covariates: Weight, height, age, sex, and sub-scaled OHIP-49 were registered. Cephalometric measurements of hard tissue movements were recorded., Analyses: Mean, standard deviation, and a level of statistical significance at P < .05 were used. Differences in OHIP-49 were compared using unpaired t-test. The correlation between covariates and outcomes was analyzed using the Spearman's rank test. Analysis of covariance between the predictor and outcome, adjusted for covariates (body mass index), was performed., Results: Fifty-four subjects with a mean age of 20.89 years and 52% males were enrolled. The mean change in UAV was 0.12 cm 3 (standard deviation [SD] 9.21, P = .93) with a mean absolute deviation of 7.28 cm 3 (SD 5.54). The mean change in OHIP-49 score was 20.93 (SD 28.90). Twenty-seven (50%) subjects had increased UAV (7.4 cm 3 , SD 6.13) and the other had decreased (-7.17 cm 3 , SD 5.01) (P = .01). At follow-up, equal levels of mean OHIP-49 score were found, but because of a baseline difference (15.74, P = .048), the subjects with and without increased UAV improved in OHIP-49 score 13.04 (SD 30.53) and 28.81 (SD 25.33), respectively (P = .04)., Conclusions: Because equal levels of OHIP-49 score at follow-up, changes in UAV could not be associated with patient-reported health-related quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measure evaluations of orthognathic surgical treatment for airway obstruction should be performed in patients with a perceived impairment., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Orthognathic treatment has been demonstrated to enhance oral function and quality of life. In the UK, prior approval criteria have been trialled to govern the provision of orthognathic surgery within the National Health Service (NHS). These include the patient's age and presence of functional concerns. The purpose of this paper was to examine the outcomes of orthognathic treatment with respect to patient age at the start of treatment. This was a retrospective evaluation of a single surgeon's experience of patients treated for dentofacial deformity over a 17-year period. A total of 118 patients completed pre-treatment and post-treatment questionnaires. There were significant improvements (p < 0.001) in reported functional problems, and in Body Satisfaction Scale (BSS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and in Anxiety questionnaire scores. There was no difference in outcome when younger and older patients were compared. Orthognathic treatment produced positive functional and psychosocial outcomes irrespective of the patient's age at the start of treatment., (Copyright © 2023 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we aim to evaluate the quality of life in patients with Class III deformities after orthognathic surgery. A total of the 40 patients (26 female and 14 male) were included. The mean age of the patients was 24.85. Patients' ages ranged from 20 to 36 years. All patients received orthodontic treatment before surgery. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy was performed for single jaw patients. Le Fort I osteotomy and sagittal split ramus osteotomy was performed for double jaw patients. Patients completed the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) and Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) three times. [Preoperatively (T0), 1 st week after orthognathic surgery (T1) and in the 6 th - 12 th months after orthognathic surgery (T2)]. There was a statistically significant difference in the dimensions of OHIP-14 when the preoperative (T0) score, postoperative 1 st week (T1) score and postoperative 6 th - 12 th month (T3) score are compared among themselves except for psychological discomfort, physical disability, and handicap. OQLQ total score and preoperative (T0) score was greater than the postoperative 1 st week (T1) score and the postoperative 1 st week(T1) score was greater than the postoperative 6 th - 12 th month (T2) scores except oral function. When single jaw and double jaw surgeries were compared, no statistically significant difference was found between OHIP-14 and OQLQ total scores for preoperative, postoperative 1 st week, and postoperative 6 th - 12 th months. When both OHIP-14 and OQLQ scores were examined after orthognathic surgery, the OHRQOL of patients with Class III dentofacial deformity improved significantly., (Copyright © 2023 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Facial appearance undoubtedly has a strong influence on human life. While a harmonic and beautiful facial form may raise self-esteem, dentofacial deformities can lead not only to functional but also to aesthetic and psychosocial problems. Oral health-related quality of life is measured by several non-specific questionnaires but an adequate instrument for testing the quality of life in patients with dentofacial deformities in Hungarian is not yet available. Objective: Cross-cultural translation and validation of the most frequently used Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) into Hungarian. Method: The original 22-item OQLQ was translated from English to Hungarian (OQLQ-H) by a forward-backwards translation method. The questionnaire was filled out by patients who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study. Validity was evaluated according to the international guidelines. Reliability was evaluated by test-retest analysis. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: OQLQ-H proved to be a reliable questionnaire with good validity and internal consistency. Conclusion: OQLQ-H is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess dentofacial deformities in the Hungarian speaking population and therefore its use is recommended.

Individuals with dentofacial deformities often display a low quality of life (QoL) through biological mechanisms that remain unraveled. In this case-control study, the salivary levels of cytokines, glutamate, and kynurenine metabolites were assessed in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery (OS), while correlating these parameters with QoL and psychological symptoms. Thirty-six patients were enrolled in control (under orthodontic treatment) and test (undergoing OS) groups, matched by age and sex. The QoL was assessed through the World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ). The psychological symptoms were evaluated by the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The salivary levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, glutamate, and kynurenine metabolites were evaluated. The OQLQ demonstrated increased QoL scores in the test group, regarding social aspects, facial esthetics, and function domains, without significant differences in respect to the other surveys. These patients displayed higher IL-1β and glutamate levels; conversely, the kynurenine metabolites were unaltered. The glutamate levels positively correlated with the OQLQ function scores. The data brings novel evidence about the psychobiological features of patients with dentofacial deformities, showing salivary variations of inflammatory biomarkers in these individuals.

Background: The perception of dentofacial esthetics differs considerably between patients and dentists. Patient's expectations regarding his/her esthetics are important and should be assessed ahead of any planning of esthetic treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in perception of orofacial appearance by laypersons with different social and demographic status., Materials and Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 400 subjects. The questionnaire comprised three parts; the first part addressed the demographic variables. The second part queried about dental prosthesis, orthognathic or plastic surgery, and/or ongoing or previous orthodontic treatment. The third part included the Arabic version of the-8-item Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES-Ar) whose responses were scored in the 5-point Likert scale. These scores were compared by different grouping factors (age, gender, marital status, and education) using non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Willis tests with 95% confidence interval (α > 0.05)., Results: A total of 268 questionnaires were eligible for analysis, representing 67% response rate. The satisfaction with facial profile appearance was the highest (4.0±1.1) followed by facial appearance (3.9±1.1), while the color of teeth was the least satisfying item (3.1±1.3). No significant differences were found between age groups for the mean summary score as well as for each item independently. No significant difference was found between both sexes except for the last item "overall impression". Married subjects rated one item (alignment of teeth) better than their counterparts. Positive perception of orofacial appearance increased significantly with the increase of education level, the perception of the oral health status, and the perception of the general health status., Conclusion: Good oral health and/or high education level are significant determinants of more positive perception of orofacial esthetic appearance. Patients with these characteristics might be more concerned about their orofacial appearance, and this should be taken into consideration before planning any esthetic restorative dental treatment., Competing Interests: NO authors have competing interests.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of life of patients with dentofacial deformities and of patients subjected to orthognathic surgery to compare their results with those of patients who have no dentofacial deformity by applying the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ)., Study Design: Three groups of patients were interviewed, and the OQLQ instrument was applied to them by one examiner., Results: Results showed statistical differences between groups and suggested that patients with no deformity and those subjected to orthognathic surgery have better quality of life compared with those with facial deformity., Conclusions: Orthognathic surgery with the consequent dentofacial correction seems to have a positive effect on quality of life., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of health-related quality of life (QoL) among patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent orthognathic surgery compared with a control group without dentofacial deformities by use of generic oral health and condition-specific approaches., Patients and Methods: In this prospective study, 2 questionnaires were administered to 85 patients (31 male and 54 female patients) who were evaluated before undergoing orthognathic surgery. The Short Form Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-14) and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) were administered before and 5 to 7 months after orthognathic surgery. The control group comprised 96 young university student volunteers without dentofacial deformities., Results: The questionnaires were collected 5 to 7 months after surgery. The preoperative scores of the patients and the control group were contrasted separately. The respondents' postoperative OHIP-14 and OQLQ scores were significantly lower (P < .001 for total scores). The preoperative OQLQ scores for all domains were significantly higher among the patients than among the controls (P < .001 for total scores), whereas the total scores and 3 subscale scores of the OHIP-14 in the functional and psychological domains were significantly higher among the patients than among the controls (P < .05 for total scores). The preoperative and postoperative OQLQ total scores were remarkably different between male and female patients (P < .05). The postoperative OQLQ total scores were considerably higher in older patients than in younger patients (P < .05). All patients in the Class III group who underwent double-jaw surgery showed remarkable changes after surgery (P < .001 for total scores)., Conclusions: Patients with dentofacial deformities had a poorer QoL compared with the healthy population, especially in functional and psychological aspects. Orthognathic surgery had a significant positive impact on QoL. Patients with Class III malocclusion who underwent double-jaw surgery seemingly benefitted the most after surgery., (Copyright © 2018 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of postoperative satisfaction regarding facial and dental esthetics, masticatory and respiratory function, and psychosocial factors in patients with dentofacial deformity Class II compared with Class III. The patients were divided into 2 groups with 50 patients in Group 1 (Class II) and 30 patients in Group 2 (Class III). Assessing the degree of postoperative satisfaction, the authors did not observe a significant difference between the groups in terms of improvements in the aesthetic and functional aspects and the psychological impact of the treatment. It can be concluded that regardless of the type of dentofacial changes, the treatment well indicated and conducted, results in significant positive effects on patients lives, both aesthetically and in the function, and psychosocial great benefit.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between orthognathic patients' self-reported symptoms in the head and neck region and their quality of life (QoL)., Material and Methods: Participants included were consecutive patients (n = 50) referred to the assessment of orthognathic treatment need and voluntary first-year university students (n = 29). All participants filled in the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) and a structured diary created by the authors. The median values of Orthognathic Quality of Life (OQOL) sum and subscores, satisfaction with oral function and number of awakenings were compared between patients and controls. Further, correlations between the OQOL sum and subscores, satisfaction with oral function and number of awakenings were analyzed., Results: Patients reported significantly more symptoms (p = .013) and woke up significantly more often than the controls (p = .032). Their OQOL sum scores were significantly higher (indicating a lower OQOL) (p = .001), and they were significantly less satisfied with their oral function than the controls (p < .001). Among the awakened and not-rested patients, the most commonly reported symptoms were pain in the head and/or neck region and fatigue and/or stiffness in the jaws., Conclusions: Experiences of pain and discomfort have a significant impact on patients' OQOL and well-being.

Aim: The objective of this literature review was to assess the effect of orthognathic surgical treatment on temporomandibular disorders (TMD), quality of life (QoL), and psychosocial wellness., Methods: Journal articles and systematic reviews published in English between 1982 and 2015 were searched using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane database using the search terms "orthognathic," "temporomandibular disorders," "quality of life," and "psychosocial." The articles were then reviewed and discussed., Results: Both objective and subjective parameters play a role in orthognathic treatment outcome satisfaction and QoL. Psychological factors and TMD exerted a stronger influence on patients' QoL more than objective treatment outcome measures., Conclusion: A paradigm shift in clinical mindset from solely objective measures to a more holistic, patient-centric approach of addressing patients' expectations and improving QoL is warranted when treating patients with dentofacial disharmonies.

Introduction: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the impact of the orthosurgical treatment phases on the oral health-related and condition-specific quality of life (QoL) of patients with dentofacial deformities., Methods: Two hundred fifty-four orthognathic patients were allocated into 4 groups according to treatment phase: initial (not yet treated), presurgical orthodontics, postsurgical orthodontics, and retention. Data were collected using the Oral Health Impact Profile to evaluate the oral health-related QoL, the Orthognathic QoL Questionnaire to analyze the condition-specific QoL, and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need to assess malocclusion severity and esthetic impairment. Specific malocclusion characteristics were also documented., Results: A negative binomial regression analysis showed that the initial group had a more negative oral health-related QoL than did the postsurgical, presurgical, and retention groups (relative risks, 1, 0.79, 0.74 and 0.25, respectively). The initial group had a more negative condition-specific QoL than did the presurgical, postsurgical, and retention groups (relative risks, 1, 0.77, 0.38 and 0.15, respectively) regardless of age, income, or education; women reported greater negative impacts than men. Certain occlusal traits were related to higher Orthognathic QoL Questionnaire scores (P <0.01)., Conclusions: Patients who completed their orthosurgical treatment had a significantly better oral health-related QoL and a more positive esthetic self-perception than did those undergoing treatment and those who were untreated. Crowding, crossbite, open bite, concave profile, edge-to-edge overjet, or Class III malocclusion negatively affected oral health-related QoL., (Copyright © 2016 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Dental treatment and surgery is a well-established method of correcting dentofacial deformities, and such treatment has an impact on the quality of life of individuals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on the quality of life of patients receiving treatment at the Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR. Clinical data were evaluated for the control group, and a quality-of-life evaluation questionnaire was completed [Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)]. For the case group, the same data were gathered along with information regarding their dentofacial deformity. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was also completed at three distinct stages of the experiment. The median age in the control group was 23.5 years. In the case group, the predominant gender was female, and the mean age of patients was 29.4 years. There was a statistically significant association between gender and OHIP-14 (p< 0.001). No such association was observed between age and OHIP-14 scores (p= 0.616). In the control group the OHIP-14 median score was 11.5. In the case group, the average OHIP-14 score at was 18 at T0, 21 at T1, and 8 at T2. The results demonstrated a statistically significant association between the three time stages at which OHIP-14 was analyzed (p< 0.001). There was a smaller reduction in the negative impact for transversal deformities of the jaw when compared with other deformities. Orthognathic surgery led to a reduction in the negative effects on the quality of life of patients.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of orthodontic treatment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in groups of standard patients with severe malocclusions; cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and palate patients; and orthognathic surgery patients., Methods: The study sample consisted of 83 consecutive patients undergoing treatment at the orthodontic unit of Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand, divided into 3 groups: 30 adolescents with severe malocclusions; 24 adolescents with cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and palate; and 29 adults with severe skeletal discrepancies requiring both orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment. Each patient completed the Short Form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire before and after orthodontic treatment., Results: The baseline OHIP-14 subscale scores among the 3 study groups were significantly different, with the surgery patients having nearly twice the OHIP-14 scores of the other 2 groups for nearly half of the items (P <0.05). The surgery patients experienced the greatest reduction in OHIP-14 scores (ie, improvement in OHRQoL), with the largest effect sizes reported for the psychological discomfort (+2.73) and disability (+2.65) domains. The group with clefts experienced the smallest changes in OHIP-14 scores across all 7 domains (-0.03 to +0.63). After adjusting for age and sex, the surgical patients had a significantly greater reduction in pretreatment OHIP-14 scores than did the standard and the cleft patients (P <0.01)., Conclusions: The effect of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL varies for different patient groups even after adjusting for age and sex. The greatest improvement in OHRQoL occurred in adults with a need for orthognathic surgery, whereas the least improvement seemed to occur in adolescents with cleft lip, cleft palate, or cleft lip and palate., (Copyright © 2015 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To investigate the influence of the facial pattern in orofacial functions (OFFs) and quality of life (QoL), and their relationship in individuals with dentofacial deformities (DFD)., Methods: As approved by the Research Ethics Committee, 36 subjects, aged between 18 and 40 years, divided into three groups of seven female and five male participants, i.e., facial pattern I (n=12), pattern II (n=12) and pattern III (n=12), participated in this study. The OFFs were assessed using the MBGR protocol and QoL by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Comparisons between OFFs and facial patterns were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the correlation between the facial pattern and QoL by means of Spearman's test, considering a 5% significance level., Results: A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed when comparing patterns I and II, and patterns I and III, with no difference between patterns II and III, neither in the OHIP-14 nor in the MBGR. A significant linear correlation (r=0.666; p<0.05) was verified between the MBGR and the OHIP-14, showing that the worse the OFFs, the worse the QoL., Conclusion: The facial pattern influenced the performance of the OFFs and the QoL in individuals presenting DFD, with a greater occurrence of changes for patterns II and III, and the worse the OFFs, the worse the QoL in cases with DFD.

Objectives: To develop a questionnaire to assess the psychosocial aspects which orthognathic patients considered important regarding their dento-facial deformity., Setting and Sample Population: A multicentre, prospective, questionnaire development and validation study based in the UK., Material and Methods: Questionnaire development involved item (question) selection through literature review, consultation and feedback from a questionnaire development group and semi-structured interviews. A 'final' questionnaire was tested on a cross-sectional sample of 110 pre-operative and 74 post-operative orthognathic patients and a longitudinal sample of 23 orthognathic patients. Validity was tested using Rasch analysis., Results: Reliability for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) section was unsatisfactory (ICC = 0.232-0.829, Cronbach alpha = 0.625-0.670), but for the well- being (ICC = 0.857, Cronbach alpha = 0.827-0.895) and expectations (ICC = 0.861, Cronbach alpha = 0.804-0.882) sections were satisfactory. The well-being section was the only section found to be valid for the pre-and post-operative samples. Responsiveness was satisfactory for the well-being scale (p = 0.001)., Conclusions: A new condition-specific orthognathic questionnaire has been developed which has been shown to be reliable, valid and responsive for the well-being scale. The HADS, as tested by Rasch analysis, was found not to be valid for this orthognathic population., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To compare the psychosocial well-being of prospective orthognathic-surgical patients and controls., Materials and Methods: Sixty patients referred for assessment of orthognathic-surgical treatment need and 29 controls participated. All participants filled in the modified version of Secord and Jourard's Body Image Questionnaire, the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II and a structured diary developed by the authors. Patients also filled in the Symptom Checklist 90. Patients assessed their dental appearance on a visual analogue scale modified from the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Professional assessment was made from study models with the AC., Results: Patients rating their dental appearance as AC grades 5-10 suffered from lower orthognathic quality-of-life and poorer body image than the controls, while those with AC grades of 1-4 only had poorer oral function. Self-perceived dental appearance was more important to orthognathic quality-of-life and body image than an orthodontist's assessment. Patients and controls had equal psychological flexibility and self-esteem. In all, 23-57% of patients had significant psychiatric symptoms, which explained the adverse emotions patients felt during the day. Fifteen per cent of the patients had been bullied., Conclusions: Many orthognathic-surgical patients cope well with their dentofacial deformities, despite functional masticatory problems. It seems that a subjective view of dental appearance may be a key factor in finding patients with psychosocial problems. It should be a major issue when considering psychosocial support and other treatment options.

Dentofacial deformities and their treatment have physical and psychological repercussions on quality of life (QOL). Seventy-four patients were evaluated preoperatively (T0) and at 4-6 months postoperatively (T1). Oral health-related QOL was assessed using the short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). There was a statistically significant reduction in the average overall OHIP-14 score between T0 (13.23±6.45) and T1 (3.26±4.19). In addition, there were significant decreases in all seven OHIP-14 domains. Class III patients benefited in all domains evaluated, while a significant improvement was seen only in the psychological disability domain for class I patients. Class II patients showed a significant benefit in all domains except the domain of functional limitation. With regard to the total sample (n=74) and class III patients (n=58), correlations between domains were identified for all domains. The same correlation was not identified for class I (n=5) and II (n=11) patients. The entire sample and class III patients showed significant improvements in OHIP-14 scores for all degrees of postoperative sensory disturbance in the upper and lower lips, except for patients with degree 5 (extreme) disturbance of the upper lip. Orthognathic surgical treatment had a positive impact on oral health-related QOL in the patients evaluated., (Copyright © 2014 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The parameters for the indication of surgical-orthodontic treatment by professionals do not always coincide with the factors which motivate patients to seek treatment., Purpose: The purpose of this review is to check the main applications of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment in the treatment of dentofacial deformities and discuss how this approach enriches the traditional diagnostic evaluation and the treatment plan., Results: The indicators of OHRQoL are psychometric tools which can help orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons in making individual treatment decisions, which include the following: (1) public health triage, (2) decision to treat or not to treat, (3) stipulating the ideal time for treatment, (4) decision making in borderline cases, (5) estimating if the patient will follow the treatment, and (6) they also act as tools to evaluate health services and patient satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the treatment performed., Conclusion: It was concluded that the psychometric and morphological information tended to complement each other and helped to achieve better results, thereby leading to successful professional-patient relationships.

Objective: This study investigated the effect of temporomandibular disorders on quality of life (QOL) of patients with dentofacial deformities., Study Design: A case-control study was performed involving 3 age- and gender-matched groups: 38 preoperative participants, 38 postoperative participants, and 39 control participants. Temporomandibular joints were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD axis I), and QOL was assessed using the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)., Results: Significantly lower OQLQ scores were found in postoperative patients with one or more RDC/TMD findings; the domains in which these occurred were mental health, dentofacial esthetics, and awareness of dentofacial esthetics for patients with myofascial pain; social aspects and awareness of dentofacial esthetics for patients with disk displacement with reduction; and all domains for patients with arthritis (all P < .05)., Conclusions: Despite the variable effect of orthognathic treatment on TMDs, the presence of TMDs in patients after treatment can have a negative effect on their QOL., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To compare changes related to self-esteem and appearance satisfaction between pre and postsurgical phases in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and to assess the quality of life and psychosocial changes of these patients six months after surgery., Methods: A longitudinal observational qualitative study was performed. The sample comprised 15 patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent orthognathic surgery. One questionnaire and two forms were answered during pre and postoperative phases., Results: The results showed that 13.3% of patients demonstrated self-esteem improvement, especially in relation to appearance satisfaction. Improvements were also noted in social, occupational and family relationships. With regard to the assessment of quality of life, according to the World Health Organization questionnaire, the lowest improvement averages corresponded to environmental control., Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery brings along many emotional changes that should be considered before and after surgery, since the patients' psychological state may be favorable and/or unfavorable during recovery, influencing their quality of life, self-esteem and appearance satisfaction.

Introduction: Patients with dentofacial deformities present difficulties at work and in social adaptation. At the same time, they often appear depressed, and as a consequence, the psychosocial aspects of surgery play an important role. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects that depression causes in the quality of life of patients with dentofacial deformity., Material and Methods: Filthy patients were recruited 1 year before undergoing orthognathic surgery and correlated oral and general health with the presence and absence of depression. In order to accomplish this, these patients received an adapted questionnaires of quality of life and Beck Depression Inventory to fill out. Fisher's test was applied, with a significance level of 5 %. Intercooled Stata version 9.0 was used to analyze data., Results: Among the eight domains of quality of life, there were three associated with depression status: vitality (p < 0.001), social aspects (p = 0.011), and mental health (p = 0.008)., Discussion: There is growing interest in the impact of dentofacial deformity conditions on patients' quality of life. The scientific literature has discussed the social aspects of these deformities and showed that untreated patients had low self-esteem and suffered social restrictions before making the orthodontic and surgical treatments. This study concluded that the depression interferes significantly in vitality, social aspects of the individual, and mental health and, at the same time, emphasizes that the orthognathic surgery aims to not only restore esthetics and function to the patient but also improve the quality of life.

Purpose: Patient's expectations of treatment outcome are one of the key determinants of satisfaction. The aim of this study was to evaluate orthognathic patients' expectations of the outcome of orthognathic treatment., Methods: This study was a cross-sectional qualitative study involving in-depth interviews with patients with dentofacial deformities. Patients who were about to commence orthognathic treatment were recruited from new-patient clinics. Inclusion criterion were patients of any ethnicity 16 years or older who were about to commence orthognathic treatment to correct a dentofacial deformity. Exclusion criteria were patients who had previously received orthognathic treatment, who were younger than 16 years, and those with congenital craniofacial anomalies or acquired defects. The data were analyzed using a framework approach to management and critical qualitative theory, which involved identifying the main themes and subthemes., Results: Eighteen adult patients 18 to 40 years old were interviewed; 9 were women and 9 were men. Most were Caucasian and 6 were from the black and minority ethnic group. Participants' expectations could be divided broadly into 2 main categories: expectations of actual physical changes and expectations of the effects that these physical changes would indirectly have on them (nonphysical changes). In addition, a typology of patients, based on expectations, was identified, whereby patients could be classified as metamorphosizers, pragmatists, shedders, or evolvers, together with implications and suggestions for practice., Conclusions: These findings represent a new insight into the complex issues of managing patient expectations and satisfaction. The clinical relevance of identifying expectations is not just to ration treatment or identify those who will make good or bad candidates for treatment, but to be able to offer them additional support to enhance satisfaction with the outcome. This highlights the need for a qualitative methodology to complete the full circle of evidence-based practice., (Copyright © 2012 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)