Search

The use of conventional scan bodies (SBs) with an intraoral scanner (IOS) to capture the position of a complete arch of dental implants has proven to be challenging. The literature is unclear about the accuracy of intraoral scanning techniques using SBs that are connected vertically to multiunit abutments (MUAs) for numerous adjacent implants in the same arch. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift from vertical SBs to horizontal SBs, which are positioned perpendicular to the long axis of the MUAs. Most IOSs available today can capture these horizontal SBs, called scan gauges (SGs), with better accuracy and consequently acquire the position of multiple adjacent implants using an effective scan path, thus reducing stitching and the number of images. The key to implementing this novel technology is to strategically arrange the SGs to optimize horizontal overlap of multiple adjacent SGs without touching each other. By superimposing two high-resolution intraoral scans of the SGs, an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm is employed to produce a calibrated digital best-fit model on which a passive complete-arch prosthesis can be designed and fabricated. The advantages and disadvantages of SBs and SGs are discussed, and a case report using a digital workflow is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Work in animal models has implicated excessive occlusal forces and occlusal trauma as co-destructive factors for periodontitis. The main aim of the present study was to make a radiographic assessment of the effects of excessive occlusal forces, ie occlusal/incisal tooth wear, widening of the periodontal space, and the presence of a mandibular torus, on interproximal marginal bone loss in a large series of patients. A secondary aim was to evaluate the statistical correlation between the parameters in two specific teeth and those of 12 teeth for marginal bone loss and six teeth for occlusal/incisal tooth wear within the same individual. Method and materials: A total of 1,950 full-mouth radiographic surveys were analyzed retrospectively. Interproximal marginal bone loss was quantified relative to the root length (Schei ruler technique). In addition, occlusal/incisal tooth wear and periodontal ligament space widening of the periodontal space were assessed, as well as the presence of a mandibular torus. Odds ratio and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between occlusal trauma and marginal bone loss. Results: The correlation of the measured parameters between the values for specific teeth and the whole dentition was evaluated from data from the first 400 radiographs. Teeth 41 and 33 showed the best correlation to the whole dentition: 0.85 for interproximal marginal bone loss, 0.83 for widening of the periodontal space, and 0.97 forocclusal/incisal tooth wear. The results of a logistic regression analysis with age as an independent variable, revealed a significant association between bone loss and both tooth wear (odds ratio = 2.767) and bone loss and widening of the periodontal space (odds ratio = 2.585). Conclusion: Tooth wear was positively correlated to both widening of the periodontal space and marginal bone loss. No correlation was found between the presence of a mandibular torus and marginal bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study aimed to present three indicators that represent the proximal contact area gap change under intercuspal occlusion and to see if and how these indicators influence food impaction with tight proximal contact. Materials and Methods: Ninety volunteers were recruited for bite force measurement and intraoral scanning. Three‐dimensional surface data and buccal bite data were obtained for 60 impacted and 60 non‐impacted teeth. The scanning data were imported into the Geomagic Studio 2013 to measure three indicators, which included the gap change maximum (Δdm, μm), the buccolingual position of Δdm (P), and the gap expanded buccolingual range (S, mm). The difference between two groups of three indicators and their relationship with food impaction with tight proximal contact were analyzed by the t test, the Pearson chi‐squared test, the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test, and the binary logistic regression analysis (a = 0.05). Results: All indicators (Δdm, P, and S) were statistically different (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001) in the impacted and non‐impacted groups. Food impaction with tight proximal contact was affected by Δdm and S (p < 0.001, p = 0.039), but not by P (p = 0.409). Conclusion: The excessive increase of the gap change maximum and the gap expanded buccolingual range under bite force promoted the occurrence of food impaction with tight proximal contact. Clinical Significance: The use of intraoral scanning to measure the characteristics of the proximal contact area gap change under bite force may help to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of food impaction with tight proximal contact. Importantly it can provide a reference basis for individualizing and quantifying occlusal adjustment treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Occlusal reconstruction is a critical intervention for patients with dental hard tissue defects, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and jaw position abnormalities. Clinical efficiency and outcomes of these procedures have improved with advances in digital technologies. This case report aims to illustrate a comprehensive digital workflow for occlusal reconstruction in a patient with congenital dentition defects, emphasizing the application of digital technologies to enhance treatment outcomes. Clinical considerations: A 28‐year‐old woman with previously installed porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal bridge restorations presented with a fractured prosthesis and TMJ symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted involving the use of digital facebow, intraoral scanners, digital smile design, and CAD/CAM technologies. The process included the extraction of defective restorations, temporary restorations to refine jaw position, and final permanent restorations. The digital workflow facilitated precise diagnostics and treatment, culminating in the successful installation of permanent restorations. Regular follow‐ups at one‐ and three‐months post‐treatment confirmed stable occlusal function and high patient satisfaction. Conclusions: This case report showcases the potential of multiple digital technologies to streamline complex dental treatments and achieve high‐quality results. Clinical significance: The integration of digital technologies in occlusal reconstruction treatments offers significant benefits in terms of precision, patient comfort, and esthetic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occlusal contacts can be stained and thereby visualised employing occlusal indicators. Qualitative and quantitative indicators are differentiated. The hybrid system OccluSense supposedly combines analogue contact marking and digital registration of contacts. The reliability and validity of its contact marking have not yet been validated. Objectives: The aim of this controlled randomised in‐vitro study was to examine the reliability and validity of analogue contact staining with OccluSense compared to Arti‐Fol and the reference standard Gnatho‐Film. Materials and Methods: An experimental apparatus was designed to simulate static occlusion. The occlusal contacts were stained 50 times with Gnatho‐Film to determine the average number and location of contacts registered. For comparison, the contacts were pre‐stained with Gnatho‐Film and then registered with Arti‐Fol or OccluSense 50 times each. Every staining was statistically evaluated and compared to Gnatho‐Film alone, regarding the number and location of contacts. Based on the observed characteristic staining behaviour of OccluSense, a modified evaluation strategy was developed for its colour markings (OccluSense (mod.)). Results: Both evaluations of OccluSense determine that the same number of contacts was registered in over 94% of all cases. Neither OccluSense nor Arti‐Fol stain the exact same number of contacts as Gnatho‐Film, but the modified evaluation OccluSense (mod.) did improve the results for validity. Conclusion: When employing the modified evaluation strategy, OccluSense staining achieves similar reliability and validity as the reference standard. Pre‐colouring of occlusal contacts with Gnatho‐Film and the modified evaluation strategy, might become standard for analysing occlusal contacts stained by OccluSense in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are multifactorial and can be caused by the anatomical structure of the teeth, erosion, abrasion and abnormal occlusion. The aim of this case–control study was to explore the risk factors for NCCLs. Methods: Cone‐beam computed tomography was used to determine whether a wedge‐shaped defect existed at the cementoenamel junction. We compared 63 participants with NCCLs with 63 controls without NCCLs, matched for sex, age (±1 year) and toothbrushing‐related factors (e.g., type of bristle and brushing patterns, frequency and strength). All participants were asked to complete a questionnaire about self‐administered daily diet habits and health condition. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors for NCCLs. Results: Significant variables in the univariate analysis (i.e., p <.2) included frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, sella‐nasion‐point B angle (SNB) and Frankfort‐mandibular plane angle (FMA). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the consumption frequency of carbonated beverages (odds ratio [OR] = 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.039–9.532), FMA (OR = 1.100; 95% CI, 1.004–1.204) and SNB (OR = 0.896; 95% CI, 0.813–0.988) was independent influencing factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value of regression Model 1 (established with the frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, FMA, SNB and sleep bruxism) was 0.700 (95% CI, 0.607–0.792; p <.001), and that of regression Model 2 (established using the frequency of carbonated beverage consumption, FMA and SNB) was 0.704 (95% CI, 0.612–0.796; p <.001). Conclusions: The consumption frequency of carbonated beverages and FMA was risk factors for NCCLs; the higher the frequency of carbonated beverage consumption and FMA, the higher was the probability of NCCLs. SNB was a protective factor for NCCL occurrence; the larger the SNB, the lower was the probability of NCCL occurrence. These findings have further clarified the aetiology of NCCLs and provided clinicians with valuable insights into strategies for preventing the loss of dental tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mandibular malpositioning may result in an abnormal concentration of stresses within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adult rats, which may further lead to a series of pathological changes, such as articular cartilage wear, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation. However, the pathological and adaptive changes in condylar cartilage caused by different stress distributions are still controversial. Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the effect of sagittal changes in mandibular position on condylar cartilage by changing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) in adult rats. Methods: Fifteen‐week‐old female rats were divided into three groups: control (CON), increased OVD (iOVD) and loss of occlusion (LO) groups. An occlusal plate and tooth extraction were used to establish the animal model. TMJ samples of the experimental and CON groups were observed and investigated by bone morphological, histomorphological and immunohistochemical staining analyses at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Weight curves were plotted. Results: Micro‐computed tomography showed that, compared with the CON group, cartilage destruction followed by repair occurred in both experimental groups, which was similar to the trend observed in haematoxylin‐eosin staining. All experimental results for the iOVD group showed an approximately similar time trend. Compared with the iOVD group, the toluidine blue and immunohistochemical staining results in the LO group showed no obvious change trend over time. Conclusion: Compared with occlusal loss, an increase in OVD caused faster and more severe damage to condylar cartilage, and subchondral bone repair occurred later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Class II subdivision is a malocclusion characterized by dental and functional asymmetry that is difficult to manage. Impaired muscle function can result in asymmetrical growth, leading to occlusal instability. Objective(s): The study aimed to assess occlusal force in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion using Innobyte. Additionally, the discrepancies of force generated at the position of maximum intercuspidation between the left and right sides of the arches were evaluated. Methods: The occlusal force of 66 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion (group S) was measured and compared with that of 66 patients with Class I (group I) and 66 patients with Class II malocclusion (group II). The S group patients had a Class I molar on the right side and a Class II molar on the left side. ANOVA test, followed by the Games‐Howell post hoc test, was performed to compare the mean of the total force among the groups. To assess the difference in force between the right and left arches, one‐way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc comparison was performed. Finally, a boxplot was created to show the trend of occlusal force recorded in the three groups of patients. Results: The occlusal force differed significantly among the groups (p <.001). Post hoc Games‐Howell analysis showed significant differences as follows: the total force in group S was 165.24 N greater than in group II and in group I was 218.06 N greater than in group II. The difference (right–left) in total force between the groups was statistically significant (p <.001). Tukey's post hoc test showed following significant correlation: in group S was 53.51 N greater than in group II and 63.12 N greater than in group I. Conclusions: Among the analysed groups, patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited the lowest value of occlusal force. In patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion, force asymmetry, characterised by a higher value on the Class I side and a lower value on the Class II side was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The T‐scan system has been used previously to analyse occlusion, but the quantitative analysis of occlusal contact by T‐Scan system has yet to be reported. Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and validity of T‐Scan system for quantitatively measuring occlusal contact area and occlusal contact number. Methods: Twenty‐two individuals with normal occlusion, 11 men and 11 women, were recruited for the study. Two occlusal analysis methods, including silicone transmission analysis method (STA) and T‐Scan occlusion analysis method (TSO), were used to make quantitative analysis to measure occlusal contact area (OCA) and occlusal contact number (OCN). A test–retest check was performed with an interval of 2 weeks. The values of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between test‐retest of each method were calculated for reliability evaluation. Pearson correlations analysis, paired t‐tests, regression analysis and Bland–Altman analysis were performed for validity evaluation. Results: The ICC values of STA were greater than those of TSO for OCA while for OCN, ICC values of TSO were greater than STA. The higher OCA and OCN values were found in TSO compared with STA. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated strong relations between TSO and STA (0.730–0.812) for OCA, while good relations between then (0.569–0.583) for OCN. Paired t‐test showed a significant difference between the OCA and OCN values between TSO and STA. Bland–Altman analysis showed good agreement between OCA and OCN values of TSO and STA both in men and women. Regression analysis identified a linear correlation between OCA values obtained from these two methods. Conclusions: T‐Scan method showed strong reliability for measuring OCA and OCN quantitatively. Strong correlations were found between OCA values from TSO and STA method, but the validity of TSO for measuring OCN needs to be promoted. Clinical Significance: T‐Scan system demonstrates good potential in quantitative analysis of occlusion, which will expand its clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study proposes a cephalometric method to determine an individual radius of the curve of Spee in cases of occlusal prosthetic rehabilitation. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 469 lateral cephalograms. Statistical analysis was performed. Correlations were computed using simple regression, Z tests, paired t-tests, and one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Regression calculations supported a link between the radius of the curve of Spee and occlusal plane inclination, Balkwill's angle, mandibular parameters (MP), with MP = corpus – ramus + Bonwill height. Based on MP, data that are accessible even in the absence of teeth, a regression formula can be proposed to provide an individualized estimation of the radius of the Spee curve (RCS): RCS = 0.624 * MP + 26.583. Conclusion: This study proposes an individualized estimation of the RCS from only skeletal mandibular parameters: the length of the ramus, length of the corpus, and the Bonwill height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the skeletal stability of Le Fort I maxillary advancement following the surgery-first approach, by three-dimensional (3D) assessment of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and digital dental models. CBCT scans of 25 class III patients obtained 1 week preoperatively (T0) and 1 week (T1) and 6 months (T2) postoperatively were superimposed to measure surgical movements (T0–T1) and skeletal relapse (T1–T2). The distorted dentition of the CBCT scans at T1 was replaced with 3D images of the dental models to assess the postoperative occlusion. Surgical movements of the maxilla (mean ± standard deviation values) were 6.79 ± 2.30 mm advancement, 1.28 ± 1.09 mm vertically, and 0.71 ± 0.79 mm mediolaterally. Horizontal rotation (yaw) was 1.56° ± 1.21°, vertical rotation (pitch) 1.86° ± 1.88°, and tilting (roll) 1.63° ± 1.54°. At T2, the posterior relapse was 0.72 ± 0.43 mm (P = 0.001) and relapse in pitch was 1.56° ± 1.42° (P = 0.007). There was no correlation between the size of the surgical movements and the amount of relapse. A weak correlation was noted between the number of teeth in occlusal contact immediately following surgery and relapse of maxillary roll (r = − 0.434, P = 0.030). The stability of maxillary advancement with the surgery-first approach was satisfactory and was not correlated with the quality of the immediate postoperative occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many indices have been suggested to help orthodontists in predicting the ideal dental arch width. One of these was Pont's index which was established by Pont. He suggested equations to predict the ideal maxillary dental arch width (interpremolar and intermolar) from the combined mesiodistal width of the maxillary incisors. This study aimed to test the applicability of Pont's index as an orthodontic diagnostic tool in Egyptian population and to compare the results with those obtained from studies of different ethnic subjects. Methods: This study was performed using dental casts of 184 Egyptian individuals (82 males and 102 females; age range, 19–24 years). The casts were divided into 46 casts with normal occlusion, 46 casts with class I, 46 casts with class II and 46 casts with class III malocclusion, according to Angle's classification. Alginate impressions were taken for all patients and poured immediately using dental plaster. The real models were transformed into digital models using three-dimensional laser scanner to allow digital model analysis. Predicted arch widths were calculated using Pont's equations. The predicted values were compared to the measured values. Results: Intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) (absolute agreement) between measured and predicted arch widths was determined. Poor absolute agreement was found between measured arch width values and the corresponding values calculated according to Pont's index. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Pont's index is not a reliable method for predicting the ideal dental arch widths in Egyptian populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The screw-in effect is a tendency of a nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic file to be pulled into the canal, which can result in a sudden increase in stress leading to instrument fracture, and over-instrumentation beyond the apex. To reduce screw-in force, repeated up-and-down movements are recommended to distribute flexural stress during instrumentation, especially in curved and constricted canals. However, there is no consensus on the optimal number of repetitions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how repeated up-and-down movements at the working length affect torque/force generation, surface defects, and canal shaping ability of JIZAI and TruNatomy instruments. Methods: An original automated root canal instrumentation device was used to prepare canals and to record torque/force changes. The mesial roots of human mandibular molars with approximately 30˚ of canal curvature were selected through geometric matching using micro-computed tomography. The samples were divided into three groups according to the number of up-and-down movements at the working length (1, 3, and 6 times; n = 24 each) and subdivided according to the instruments: JIZAI (#13/0.04 taper, #25/0.04 taper, and #35/0.04 taper) or TruNatomy (#17/0.02 taper, #26/0.04 taper, and #36/0.03 tape) (n = 12 each). The design, surface defects, phase transformation temperatures, nickel-titanium ratios, torque, force, shaping ability, and surface deformation were evaluated. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (α = 0.05). Results: The instruments had different designs and phase transformation temperatures. The 3 and 6 up-and-down movements resulted in a smaller upward force compared to 1 movement (p < 0.05). TruNatomy generated significantly less maximum torque, force, and surface wear than JIZAI (p < 0.05). However, TruNatomy exhibited a larger canal deviation (p < 0.05). No statistical differences in shaping ability were detected between different up-and-down movements. Conclusions: Under laboratory conditions with JIZAI and TruNatomy, a single up-and-down movement at the working length increased the screw-in force of subsequent instruments in severely curved canals in the single-length instrumentation technique. A single up-and-down movement generated more surface defects on the file when using JIZAI. TruNatomy resulted in less stress generation during instrumentation, while JIZAI better maintained the curvature of root canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigated the characteristics of Monson's sphere in Chinese young adult females with individual normal occlusion to provide a reference for oral rehabilitation in prosthodontic and orthodontic treatments. Methods: Points at the dental cusps and incisal edges were selected from 51 digital mandibular dental models of Chinese young adult females (aged 18–22 years) with individual normal occlusion. Monson's spheres were fitted to the selected points based on the least-squares principle and the radii were calculated. The deviation of each selected point from its relative spherical surface was also calculated. The radii and deviations of these points were examined using conventional descriptive statistics and distributions of the most deviated points inside and outside the spheres were analyzed. Results: The mean radius of Monson's sphere in Chinese young adult females was 79.60 ± 14.13 mm. The deviation of each selected point from its relative sphere surface was 0.38 ± 0.30 mm. The maximum deviations inside and outside the sphere were 0.93 ± 0.25 mm and 0.95 ± 0.30 mm, respectively. The most deviated points outside the spheres were mainly distributed at the distolingual cusps of the mandibular second permanent molars (31.37%), while those inside the spheres were mainly distributed at the mesiolingual cusps of the mandibular first permanent molars (45.10%). Conclusions: The radius of Monson's sphere in Chinese young adult females was smaller than the classic four-inch value suggested by Monson. Deviation was observed from all selected points to their Monson's sphere surface, with the most deviated points distributed primarily in the molar region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a range of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. This cross-sectional study, conducted in a Portuguese TMD department, aimed to assess the relationship between malocclusion and TMD severity. Methods: Data on demographic variables, TMD clinical symptoms, and malocclusion classes were collected using the EUROTMJ database. The Chi-square test (χ2) identified associations, with their intensity measured by Cramér's V (φc). Results: The study included 1170 patients (932 females and 238 males), with a mean age of 41.73 ± 16.80 years. Most patients exhibited Angle Class I malocclusion (85.5%), followed by Angle Class II (13.5%) and Angle Class III (1.1%). Class II malocclusion was associated with increased TMD severity (p < 0.001), higher myalgia levels (p = 0.002), more frequent disc displacement without reduction (p = 0.002) and lower maximum mouth opening values (Class II: 38.13 ± 7.78 mm, Class I: 39.93 ± 8.67 mm). Significant associations were also found between malocclusion type and arthralgia (p = 0.021), mouth-opening limitation (p = 0.016), and TMJ crepitus (p = 0.017). In cases of malocclusion, the presence of oral signs of bruxism explained the degree of myalgia, disc displacement, and severity (p = 0.003; p = 0.048; p = 0.045). Conclusions: This study highlights that (1) the most common type of dental malocclusion in TMD patients was Class I; (2) Class II malocclusion was associated with increased TMD severity and oral signs of bruxism; and (3) Class III was rarely observed in TMD consultation. The findings suggest that bruxism behavior in cases of malocclusion may be significant in TMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to develop a new formula to easily estimate the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) by using the distance between the mental foramen on a panoramic radiograph. Subjects and methods: A total of 508 dentulous subjects were selected from outpatient dental clinics at the College of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. The vertical dimension of the occlusion was measured using a single calibrated calliper. For each subject, a digital panoramic radiograph was taken with fixed exposure parameters. The intermental foramina distance (IMFD) was measured. The data were collected and then analysed using the IBM SPSS version 20.0 software package. (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the intermental foramina distance (IMFD) and the vertical dimension at occlusion (VDO). Results: Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that there was a strong correlation between the intermental foramina distance (IMFD) and the VDO. Thus, a novel formula was developed for determining the VDO using panoramic radiography. Conclusion: The novel formula developed herein facilitated the determination of the VDO among prosthetic rehabilitation for subjects who lost vertical dimension due to loss of posterior teeth or severe wear of natural posterior teeth. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical applicability of the derived formulae for edentulous subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An iatrogenic open bite after orthognathic surgery is an uncommon malocclusion, with only one documented case reported in the literature. However, the open bite in this case report was not a true open bite, as it resulted from the interferences between the maxillary second molars and mandibular retromolar bones. This case report aims to present the management of a true iatrogenic open bite with posterior teeth in centric occlusion, occurring after mandibular setback surgery. The anterior open bite accompanied a severe class II malocclusion and increased lower anterior facial height. The patient was treated with fixed lingual appliances and mini-screws to distalize the entire maxillary arch and close the open bite. After treatment, a positive overbite and dental class I relationship was achieved. The treatment outcomes were stable at the 2-year follow-up. Lingual appliances combined with mini-screws may offer effective non-surgical management of iatrogenic open bite after orthognathic surgery. Clinical and Surgical Implications: Iatrogenic open bites can develop from various causes that include surgical options such as orthognathic surgery or in patients treated with occlusal splint therapy. These may be treated with the help of skeletal anchorage options such as orthodontic mini-screws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Bilateral posterior crossbite (BPXB) is a severe malocclusion associated with maxillary hypoplasia. BPXB may involve the same or a different number of teeth between the sides.To evaluate the masticatory function in BPXB and the association between the masticatory alterations and the occlusal features of BPXB.This observational study included 170 participants: 130 patients with BPXB (65 occlusally symmetric BPXB, i.e. same number and type of posterior teeth in crossbite between the sides, F = 33, M = 32, median age 9.6 (8.2–13) [years.months]; 65 patients occlusally asymmetric BPXB, F = 30, M = 35, median age 9.9 (8.3–13.6)) and 40 controls (F = 25, M = 15, median age 10.2 (9.4–11.6)). The masticatory function was evaluated by the detection of the Reverse Chewing Cycles (RCCs) recorded with a kinesiograph using standardised soft and hard boluses.The frequency of RCCs was significantly increased in all BPXB patients compared to controls (p < .000). In symmetric BPXB patients, there were no significant differences in the frequency of RCCs during chewing on the left or the right side. In asymmetric BPXB patients, the frequency of RCCs was significantly increased during chewing on the side with relatively more teeth in crossbite (p < .000).The masticatory function was significantly altered in all BPXB patients and it was differently affected by symmetric or asymmetric occlusal features of the malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myogenic temporomandibular disorders (M‐TMD) commonly involve occlusal splint (OS) therapy and musculoskeletal physiotherapy (MPT). Objectives: To compare the effects of combining OS with MPT and education (EG) against OS and education (CG), in chronic M‐TMD patients. Methods: In this double‐blind randomised controlled trial, 62 participants were assigned to either EG or CG. The primary outcomes, pain levels at rest (VAS rest), maximum oral opening (VAS open) and during chewing (VAS chew), were measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in cm. The secondary outcome was the range of motion (ROM) for maximum oral opening. Both interventions lasted 3 months, with outcomes assessed at baseline (T0), post‐treatment (T1) and 3 months post‐treatment (T2). Results: Intention‐to‐treat analysis revealed significant improvements favouring EG (VAS rest = −1.50 cm [CI95%: −2.67, −0.32], p =.04; VAS open = −2.00 cm [CI95%: −3.23, −0.75], p <.01; VAS chew = −1.71 cm [CI95%: −2.90, −0.52], p =.01; ROM = 4.61 [CI95%: 0.93, 8.30], p =.04). Additionally, VAS measures were influenced by follow‐up times (VAS rest = −0.73 cm [CI95%: −1.30, −0.17], p = 0.03; VAS open = −0.97 cm [CI95%: −1.57, −0.37], p <.01; VAS chew = −1.15 cm [CI95%: −1.73, −0.58], p <.01). At T1, EG demonstrated higher number of responders compared to CG for VAS open (χ2(1) = 4.39, p =.04) and VAS chew (χ2(1) = 11.58, p <.01). Conclusion: Adding MPT to education and OS yields better outcomes in terms of pain reduction and ROM improvement, in chronic M‐TMD. Trial Registration Number: NCT03726060. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain‐free bite force (PFBF) is a promising measure to evaluate bite function in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), yet the reliability of the measure is unknown. Objectives: Establish the (1) within‐session test–retest reliability of PFBF in a healthy population for a single and mean of three trials in supported and unsupported sitting; (2) standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Methods: Thirty healthy participants (n = 15 female, mean [SD] age = 34.4 [11.0] years) completed two sessions (30–60 min apart) comprising three PFBF trials on each side, in both supported and unsupported sitting, to provide data for 60 (30 participants × two sides) test–retest assessments. Test–retest reliability for the first trial and mean of three trials in each position were determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), before calculating the corresponding SEM and MDC for males (M) and females (F) respectively. Results: Within‐session reliability was considered excellent for a single trial in supported sitting (ICC = 0.85; SEM M/F = 99/84 N; MDC M/F = 275/232 N) and unsupported sitting (ICC = 0.91; SEM M/F = 72/59 N, MDC M/F = 200/163 N), and for a mean of three trials in supported sitting (ICC = 0.89; SEM M/F = 66/79 N, MDC M/F = 182/220 N) and unsupported sitting (ICC = 0.92; SEM M/F = 64/59 N, MDC M/F = 177/164 N). Conclusion: Single and a mean of three trials in supported and unsupported sitting appear reliable methods to measure PFBF in a healthy population. Testing PFBF using a mean of three trials in unsupported sitting appears superior over other methods though due to higher test–retest reliability, and lower SEM and MDC. Future studies should examine the reliability of PFBF in TMD populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This prospective study is part of a randomised clinical trial and reports the changes in masticatory performance (MP) and bite force, and explores their influential factors, 1 year after the provision of mandibular overdentures retained by four titanium–zirconium mini implants. Methods: Edentulous patients received conventional complete dentures, followed by placement of four mini implants (Straumann® Mini Implant System) in the anterior mandible and converting the conventional prosthesis into a mandibular overdenture. Treatment protocols were randomised using a 2×2 factorial design combining different surgical (flapped vs. flapless) and loading (immediate vs. delayed) protocols. MP was assessed using a two‐colour mixing ability test and a colorimetric analysis to measure the level of colour mixing (Variance of Hue–VoH). Maximum voluntary bite force (MBF) was measured by a digital gnathodynamometer in the posterior and anterior regions. Sex, age, surgical and loading protocols and ridge morphology were tested as independent variables. MP and MBF tests were performed at baseline (pre‐treatment) and the 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month after implant loading. Descriptive statistics, independent t‐test, and linear mixed‐effect model (LMM) regression were used for data analysis. Results: Seventy‐four participants were assessed and 73 completed the 1‐year follow‐up. Statistically significant improvements in functional parameters were observed in all follow‐up periods compared to baseline (p <.001). The flapless protocol was associated with higher improvement in MP at the 3‐month follow‐up (p =.004), while less resorbed ridges were associated with better MP (p =.038) and higher MBF (p <.001). Conclusion: The mandibular overdenture protocol using four titanium–zirconium mini implants was effective in improving MP and MBF of edentulous patients, compared to pre‐treatment values. The findings also suggest that improvements in chewing function and bite force are impacted by clinical factors since better outcomes were observed for flapless surgeries and less resorbed edentulous ridges. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.Gov ID NCT04760457. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Electromyographic activity (EMG) of masticatory muscles during wakefulness is understudied. It is unclear if single channel ambulatory EMG devices are sensitive enough to detect masticatory muscle activity (MMA) during wakefulness. Objectives: To compare the MMA of various oral tasks recorded with a single channel EMG device ((Grindcare4‐datalogger Prototype device) (GC4‐β)) and a conventional EMG (cEMG) device. Methods: EMG activity of 30 standardised oral tasks was recorded unilaterally from the masseter and anterior temporalis muscle in 24 healthy volunteers using GC4‐β and a cEMG device. To compare the EMG data, signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNR) were calculated as a way to normalise EMG activity across tasks. Analysis of variance was used to compare the SNR between the devices, muscles and oral tasks. Results: SNR measured from GC4‐β was overall significantly higher than the cEMG device (p =.001). The SNR for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was significantly higher than all other tasks (p <.001). SNR for temporalis with GC4‐β was significantly higher for MVC, hard food, soft food, gum chewing (dominant side), rhythmic clenching and upper lip biting compared to the cEMG device (p <.021). The SNR for masseter with GC4‐β was significantly higher for hard food and gum chewing (dominant side), rhythmic clenching, rhythmic biting of an object and yawning compared to the cEMG device (p <.022). Conclusions: This study provides novel insight into the EMG patterns of numerous oral tasks enhancing knowledge of physiological differences between the masticatory muscles. Further, single channel EMG devices can effectively measure the EMG activity of various oral tasks during wakefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the reliability and safety of transoral endoscopic-assisted reduction internal fixation (TERIF) for treating short-segment condylar neck fractures (CNF), including hardware removal. Patients with displaced CNF and short condylar segments treated using TERIF were included in the study. Clinical evaluation covered dental occlusion, range of mouth opening, deviation during mouth opening, protrusion, laterotrusion, pain, and chewing. Radiological evaluation was used to assess fracture displacement, angulation, head dislocation, postoperative reduction, fixation stability, and bone healing. The same technique was used to treat 15 patients with 18 CNF and short condylar segments. Hardware removal was performed for nine fractures in eight patients after fracture healing using the same approach. All patients regained satisfactory, pain-free mouth opening with no deviation and complete bone healing. Computed tomographic images displayed adequate reduction and stable fixation during the follow-up period for all patients. No temporary or permanent facial nerve impairment occurred in any of the patients. TERIF is a reliable and safe treatment for CNF with short condylar segments, even in the presence of head dislocation, medial override, and malunited fractures; hardware can be safely removed after healing using the same approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the impact of occlusal loadings on peri-implant bone loss by measuring the cantilever of each implant and evaluating the occlusal pattern using PRESCALE® and to examine the relationship between occlusal overload and peri-implant bone loss, including marginal bone loss (MBL) and biomechanical factors, in a sample of 41 patients with a total of 135 implants. In addition, this study examines the influence of occlusal overload among patient groups with no marginal bone loss, unilateral bone loss, and bilateral bone loss. The PRESCALE® quantifies the occlusal area and load along the dental arch. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparing quantitative variables between groups and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was applied to analyze linear relationships between quantitative variables. The results of occlusal distribution and pressure range were presented using the PRESCALE®. It was found that the mesial cantilever was statistically significantly greater (p < 0.05) for the bilateral bone loss group. Additionally, MBL was significantly proportional to occlusal loading in the left anterior sector (r = 0.47; p < 0.01) and to follow-up time (r = 0.29; p < 0.01), though it was also proportional to implant diameter and length (r = 0.27 and r = 0.20). The presence of a wider cantilever and excess occlusal loading appears to be associated with increased bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objectives of the present prospective clinical study were to evaluate the survival and success rates of implant-supported zirconia single crowns fabricated with a full digital workflow for the rehabilitation of mono- and bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors after 2 years of clinical function; biological and technical parameters affecting the prosthetic restorations were recorded, as well as the patient-satisfaction score. Twenty-two patients showing mono- or bilateral agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisors were included in this study, and a total of 30 narrow-diameter implants were inserted. Thirty screw-retained monolithic cubic zirconia single crowns with internal connections were fabricated. Objective outcome evaluations were performed by means of the Functional Implant Prosthodontic Score, whereas the patient-satisfaction score was evaluated using Visual Analog Scales. Descriptive statistics were performed and the Kaplan–Meier analysis was run to analyze time-to-event data. After 2 years of clinical function, the overall FIPS found in the present study was 9.2, whereas the average patient-satisfaction score was 8.7. The Kaplan–Meier analysis at the 2-year follow-up reported a cumulative survival rate of 100% and a cumulative success rate of 93.3%. The implant-prosthetic rehabilitation with a full digital workflow proved to be an effective and reliable procedure for the functional and aesthetic treatment of the agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors in the short-term. Clinical investigations with wider sample populations and longer observational follow-ups could be useful to validate, in the long-term, the clinical outcomes of the present prospective clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion Periodontitis is a common oral disease that is aggravated by occlusal trauma. Fibrin is a protein that participates in blood clotting and is involved in several human diseases. The deposition of fibrin in periodontal tissues can induce periodontitis, while mechanical forces may regulate the degradation of fibrin. Our study investigated how occlusal trauma aggravating periodontitis through regulating the plasminogen/plasmin system and fibrin deposition.This study included 84 C57BL/6 mice in which periodontitis was induced with or without occlusal trauma. Micro‐computed tomography was used to assess bone resorption. Fibrin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (u‐PA) levels were measured using Frazer–Lendrum staining, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry staining.Occlusal trauma aggravated inflammation and bone resorption. The periodontitis group showed significant fibrin deposition. Occlusal trauma increased fibrin deposition and neutrophil aggregation. The periodontitis with occlusal trauma group had decreased fibrinogen, t‐PA, and u‐PA expression and plasmin and fibrin degradation product levels, as well as increased plasminogen levels.Occlusal trauma promotes excessive fibrin deposition by suppressing the plasminogen/plasmin system, thus exacerbating periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to predict dental freeway space by examining the clinical history, habits, occlusal parameters, mandibular hard tissue movement, soft tissue motion, muscle activity, and temporomandibular joint function of 66 participants. Data collection involved video-based facial landmark tracking, mandibular electrognathography, surface electromyography of mandibular range of motion, freeway space, chewing tasks, phonetic expressions, joint vibration analysis, and 3D jaw scans of occlusion. This resulted in a dataset of 121 predictor features, with freeway space as the target variable. Six models were trained on synthetic data ranging from 500 to 25,000 observations, with 65 original observations reserved for testing: Linear Regression, Random Forest, CatBoost Regressor, XGBoost Regressor, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MPNN), and TabNet. Explainable AI indicated that key predictors of freeway space included phonetics, resting temporalis muscle activity, mandibular muscle activity during clenching, body weight, mandibular hard tissue lateral displacements, and dental arch parameters. CatBoost excelled with a test error of 0.65 mm using 5000 synthetic data points, while a refined MPNN achieved the best performance with 25,000 synthetic data points and 121 unique predictors, yielding an absolute error of 0.43 mm on the 65 original observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This retrospective clinical study was undertaken to comparatively evaluate the number of restorative treatments, endodontic treatments, and tooth extractions performed for patients under general anesthesia due to dental anxiety or special needs between 2015 and 2022 and to examine the pain, bleeding, nausea, and vomiting data of those patients. Methods: In total, 1165 patients underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia in the faculty hospital. Those under the age of 15 and with no endodontic procedure planned (n = 918) were excluded, followed by those with incomplete data (n = 25) and those without endodontic treatment (n = 25). Patients who underwent at least one endodontic treatment were finally included in the study (n = 184). Patients were divided into two groups: healthy and with special needs. Dental treatments were recorded as endodontic, restorative, and teeth extractions. Endodontic treatments were classified according to the tooth type (premolar, molar, and incisors). The composite restorations were classified as anterior, occlusal (O), occluso-distal (OD) or occluso-mesial (OM), and mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) restorations and patients' post-treatment pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding were recorded. The data were analyzed statistically. Results: Among the 184 patients included in the study, 70 (38%) were healthy, and 114 (62%) had special needs. Postoperative bleeding was observed more in patients with special needs (χ2 = 4.189, p < 0.05), whereas pain was observed more in healthy patients (U = 2922.00, p < 0.05). While the number of anterior, O, and MOD restorations was higher in patients with special needs, the number of OD or OM restorations was higher in healthy patients (χ2 = 74.877, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with special needs undergo a greater number of restorative treatments compared to control patients, which may be associated with the inadequate oral hygiene care of such patients. However, restorative treatment is mostly indicated for such patients in our faculty hospital, which may indicate that a conservative approach is taken. Additionally, the finding that postoperative bleeding was more severe in this group of patients compared to the control group in this study may emphasize the need to consider more possible complications after general anesthesia in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanoluminescent materials are characterized by high luminescence intensity, high repeatability, no external voltage activation, and a good linear relationship between stress and mechanoluminescence intensity within a certain range. Therefore, mechanoluminescent materials have attracted increasing attention from researchers in the fields of stress sensing, encryption and anti-counterfeiting, structural health monitoring, energy-saving lighting, intelligent wearable devices, and other fields. In this study, ZnS:Mn powders with different Mn2+ ratios and different ion doping were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase reaction, and the synthesis of various materials was characterized. Then, the optimal mechanoluminescence effect of the ZnS:1%Mn,1%Li material was obtained. The photoluminescence intensity of ZnS:1%Mn,1%Li was 16.7 times higher than that of the sample without doping with Li+, and the mechanoluminescence intensity was 1.64 times higher. Finally, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film was combined with ZnS:Mn,Li mechanoluminescent powders to prepare flexible three-layer composite film. Based on this, a feasible strategy for the detection of temporomandibular disorders was proposed. The composite film is easy to use, economical, and safe, and has good mechanoluminescent performance, which has potential application value in the field of occlusal force detection and visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral health problems have increased among older adults. Oral hypofunction is characterized by seven signs and symptoms: oral uncleanness, oral dryness, decline in occlusal force, decline in the movement function of the tongue and lips, decline in tongue pressure, decline in masticatory function, and decline in swallowing function, the latter being a significant risk factors for oral frailty. Recent research has suggested that salivary biomarkers can be used to assess not only oral diseases, including dental caries and periodontitis, but also systemic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between oral hypofunction and the levels of salivary biomarkers. Methods: In total, 116 patients, aged 65 years or older, were included in this cross-sectional study. If three or more signs or symptoms in seven kinds of tests met the criteria of each test, oral hypofunction was diagnosed. The levels of biomarkers in the saliva collected from the patients were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In total, 63.8% of patients were diagnosed with oral hypofunction. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that calprotectin levels in the saliva were significantly related to oral moisture and masticatory function. Furthermore, 8-OHdG levels in saliva were associated with the movement function of the tongue and lips and oral hygiene level, and salivary AGE correlated only with the movement function of the tongue and lips. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that calprotectin levels in the saliva were significantly correlated with the prevalence of oral hypofunction, even after adjusting for age, sex, and periodontal status. However, none of the biomarker levels in the saliva had a significant relationship with the number of examinations outside the reference range. Conclusions: Calprotectin, 8-OHdG, and AGE levels are associated with oral hypofunction in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the complexity of malocclusion and existing patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). Methods: This cross-sectional study included children diagnosed with ASD, aged 9–15 years. A group of healthy children with the same demographic characteristics was randomly selected as the control group. Malocclusion was assessed according to ICON scoring protocol. The following parameters were recorded: dental aesthetics, upper arch crowding/spacing, presence of crossbite, anterior-vertical relationship (open and deep bite) and buccal segment anterior-posterior relationship. Finally, an overall ICON score was derived and reported for each patient. Descriptive analysis was performed for all investigated variables. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 324 children, divided into ASD (162) and control (162) groups, comprised the study population. Our results demonstrated that the average overall ICON score was significantly higher in the ASD group compared to the control group (38.77 vs. 27.43, p < 0.001). ASD children also obtained significantly higher scores regarding the dental aesthetics component (3.84 vs 2.78, p < 0.001). Study groups were significantly different in terms of the prevalence of incisor overbite and open bite (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Patients in the ASD group showed a higher prevalence of Class II and Class III malocclusions (p < 0.001). Conclusion: ASD children obtained significantly higher overall ICON scores, indicating more complex and severe malocclusions. These children also exhibited a greater tendency towards Class II and III malocclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental occlusion refers to the static and dynamic relationships that are established between the teeth of the two arches and is an important factor in the homeostasis of the dento-maxillary system. The objective of the present study was to compare two digital occlusal analysis systems: the T-Scan III system and the Medit I600 intraoral scanner. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 20 students from the Faculty of Dental Medicine Craiova, whose dental occlusion was assessed with the T-Scan III system and with the Medit I600 intraoral scanner. Dental occlusion was assessed in the maximum intercuspation position, the edge-to-edge protrusion position, and the edge-to-edge position in right and left laterotrusion. The images of the 2D occlusal contact areas obtained by both methods were converted to.jpeg format and then transferred to Adobe Photoshop CS6 2021 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA) for comparison. The recorded data were statistically processed. Results: Analyzing the data provided by the two digital occlusal analysis systems, it was found that the T-Scan III system provided data related to the amplitude of the occlusal forces, the surface on which they were distributed (the contact surface), the dynamics of the occlusal contacts, and the proportion in which they were distributed at the level of the two hemiarches, and the Medit I600 intraoral scanner performed an evaluation of the occlusal interface of the two arches, highlighting the extent of the contact areas with the degree of overlapping of the occlusal components. Although both methods of occlusal analysis recorded the highest values for the maximum intercuspation position, the results could not be compared. Conclusions: The two digital systems provide different data in occlusal analysis. As the T-Scan III system is considered the gold standard for occlusal analysis, more studies are needed to understand the data provided by the Medit I600 intraoral scanner and their significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral frailty, characterised by reduced oral function, is associated with systemic health issues in older adults. Although the criteria for diminished oral function often focus on motor and secretory abilities, texture perception also plays a crucial role in health due to its impact on food intake and palatability. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between thickness discrimination ability (TDA) and oral motor and secretory functions in healthy young individuals. Methods: Twenty‐eight adults were assessed for texture perception using eight concentrations of aqueous xanthan gum solutions to determine TDA scores. Measurements of occlusal force, masticatory performance, tongue pressure, stimulated salivary flow rate and tongue–lip motor function were conducted. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between TDA scores and oral functions. Participants were divided into high‐sensitivity and low‐sensitivity groups based on their TDA scores to compare oral function test results. Results: The TDA scores varied among the participants, with higher scores correlating with higher masticatory performance (r = 0.41, p <.05). Masticatory performance in the high‐sensitivity group was significantly higher than in the low‐sensitivity group (211.9 ± 59.2 mg/dL vs. 157.9 ± 43.0 mg/dL, p =.013), with no significant differences in other oral functions. Conclusion: Masticatory performance was correlated with TDA, suggesting a link between the selection function of mastication and thickness discrimination. These findings highlight the potential relevance of texture perception in oral function and indicate the need for further exploration, particularly in older adults with declining oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The noteworthy correlation between bite force and masticatory performance emphasizes its significance as a meaningful and objective method for assessing oral function. Furthermore, in the study of bruxism, the measurement of intraoral bite force assumes critical importance. Given the importance of assessing occlusal forces and bite force, this systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of wireless sensors in measuring these forces. Methods: The search methodology employed in this systematic review adhered to the guidelines outlined by PRISMA. The strategy involved the exploration of various databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and SCIELO. An assessment tool was employed to evaluate the bias risk and study quality. Results: This systematic review encompassed six prospective clinical studies involving a total of 89 participants. Wireless sensors for measuring occlusal forces and bite forces were predominantly employed in healthy adults or individuals with bruxism, along with children undergoing orthodontic treatment. All wireless sensors employed in the studies underwent validation and reproducibility assessments, affirming their reliability. The findings indicated that all wireless sensors exhibited efficacy in detecting occlusal forces and bite forces. Conclusion: Wireless sensors offer real‐time monitoring of occlusal and bite forces, aiding in understanding force distribution and identifying bruxism patterns. Despite limited studies on their application, these sensors contribute to evolving insights. Integration into clinical practice requires careful consideration of factors like calibration and patient compliance. Ongoing research is crucial to address limitations and enhance the efficacy of wireless sensors in measuring occlusal and bite forces and managing bruxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is still discussed whether occlusal wear (OW) affects the formation of non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Objective: To estimate effects of OW on the presence and development of NCCLs, using 16‐year follow‐up data from a cohort study. Methods: Occlusal and cervical defects were measured in 728 cast models (one from the upper jaw and one from the lower jaw) of 364 participants. Adjusted mixed‐effects ordinal logistic models analysing estimated cross‐sectional (N = 1308 teeth/291 subjects) and longitudinal (N = 718 teeth/226 subjects) associations of OW with NCCLs using tooth level data. Results: OW size was cross‐sectionally (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.27–2.38 for OW size; OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94–0.99 for squared OW size), but not longitudinally (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.99–1.30) associated with odds of higher NCCL sizes. For cross‐sectional analyses, predicted probabilities of an NCCL size of 0 decreased from about 0.996 to 0.010 for OW sizes of 0 to 25. Conclusion: Results suggest an association between OW and NCCL size. However, as longitudinal results were non‐significant, while consistent in direction, large‐scaled cohort studies are demanded to more precisely estimate effect strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes the presentation of a nasopalatine duct cyst in a 27-year-old orthodontic patient. The patient presented with pain in the anterior hard palate and a Class II division 2 occlusion with a complete overbite. The cyst was discovered upon further radiographic investigation. Following discussion at a joint orthognathic clinic, the decision was made to leave the cyst under active monitoring and review the patient clinically and radiographically after 12 months. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Nasopalatine duct cysts are common, therefore awareness of their clinical and radiographic features and treatment options is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Periodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. It causes changes in the biting abilities of individuals. However, periodontal treatment has positive effects on masticatory function. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of periodontitis and periodontal treatment on masticatory abilities by measuring masseter and temporal muscle thicknesses with ultrasonography before and after periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: The patients included in the study were determined by clinical and radiological examination. The thickness of the masseter and temporal muscles of the patients were measured by ultrasonography. Periodontal measurements and treatments of the patients were completed by a single physician. IBM SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) statistical program was used for statistical analysis. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the values of periodontal measurements before and after treatment (p<0.05). In the ultrasonography measurements of the thickness of masseter and anterior temporal muscles, a statistically significant increase was observed in both rest and contraction values at all time intervals (p<0.05). Muscle thicknesses of male patients were higher than female patients. Conclusions: Periodontitis negatively affects the masticatory performance of individuals. Chronic periodontitis patients should be referred for periodontal treatment without wasting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Reference values of occlusal characteristics are needed to interpret the data obtained using the T‐Scan System. This study aimed to establish reference values for and to assess the reliability of, occlusal force distribution in the maximal intercuspal position and the occlusion time in young adults with healthy dentition. Materials and Methods: In total 178 adults with natural dentition participated in this retrospective cross‐sectional study, of whom 76 performed a retest session. Several occlusal recordings were obtained from each participant using the T‐Scan system while asking them to bite two or three consecutive times (multi‐bite) or only once (single‐bite) at the maximal intercuspal position. The lateral and anteroposterior occlusal force distribution were determined as percentages in the right and posterior teeth. Occlusion time was measured in seconds. After the occlusal force distribution and occlusion time percentiles were calculated, reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The 5th–95th percentiles for occlusal force distribution were 34%–67% on the right teeth and 55%–94% on the posterior teeth. The 90th percentile for multi‐bite occlusion time was 0.17 s and for single‐bite occlusion time was 0.27 s. The intraclass correlation coefficients for lateral occlusal force distribution, anteroposterior occlusal force distribution, multi‐bite occlusion time, and single‐bite occlusion time were 0.70, 0.68, 0.58, and 0.67, respectively. Conclusions: This study generated reference values for key occlusal characteristics (occlusal force distribution and occlusion time) when using the T‐Scan system. These values showed moderate reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: This study analyzed and compared the distribution patterns of occlusal forces using T-Scan III before and after the hydrostatic temporary oral splint (Aqualizer Ultra) therapy in healthy subjects and subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: Fifty-one subjects were divided into groups based on anamnesis and responses to the Fonseca questionnaire. The first group, non-TMDs group (n = 19), and the second group, TMDs group (n = 32), had mild-to-severe TMDs, as identified by the Fonseca questionnaire. The non-TMDs group had an average age of 25.4 years (SD = 4.8, range 20–38) with 15 females (78.95%) and 4 males (21.05%). The TMDs group had an average age of 27.4 years (SD = 7.0, range 22–53) with 25 females (78.125%) and 7 males (21.875%). T-Scan III device was used for occlusal analysis before and after hydrostatic splint usage. Results: Significant differences were observed in the TMDs group for anterior and posterior right percentages of forces before and after hydrostatic splint usage. The analysis of force distribution per sector before and after hydrostatic splint therapy showed no significant differences in the non-TMDs group. Analysis of force distributions in the entire study population before and after hydrostatic splint therapy showed significant differences in the anterior and posterior right regions. Occlusal force increased by 32–56% in the front region and decreased in the posterior area after hydrostatic splint usage. Conclusions: Hydrostatic splint therapy is recommended as a part of full-mouth rehabilitation treatment for all patients regardless of the severity of TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This case report highlights the importance of standardized and fully digital sequential treatment in complex occlusal rehabilitation cases. To fully resolve the patient’s dental needs, such cases often require multidisciplinary interventions including periodontal therapy, endodontic treatment, anterior esthetics, implant restoration, and prosthetic rehabilitation. A fully digital workflow (including facial scanners, intraoral scanners, jaw motion tracking systems, virtual articulators, and computer-aided design software) streamlined the complex treatment, enhancing workflow simplicity, efficiency, visibility, and precision. Case presentation The patient presented with decreased chewing efficiency of the upper and lower prostheses, along with unsatisfactory esthetic appearance of the anterior teeth. After physical examination and radiological assessment, this complex occlusal rehabilitation case required periodontal therapy, anterior esthetic enhancement, implant restoration, and fixed prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, a fully digital workflow was adopted. Full-crown prostheses were placed on teeth 13, 23, and 34; a fixed bridge encompassed positions 32 to 42, and single implant crowns were placed on teeth 35 and 36. Implant-supported fixed bridges were constructed for teeth 12 to 22 and 44 to 46, anchored by implants at teeth 12, 22, 44, and 46. All definitive prostheses were fabricated from zirconia ceramics, chosen for their durability and esthetic characteristics. Finally, restorations with satisfactory esthetic and functional characteristics were seated, preserving the tooth and its supporting structures. During treatment and follow-up, the T-scan occlusal analysis system was utilized to continuously monitor and guide the adjustment of occlusal distribution across the patient’s dental arches. After 18 months, the patient remains satisfied with the definitive restorations. Conclusions This report is intended to help dentists understand and implement standardized and fully digital workflows during the management of complex occlusal rehabilitation cases; it may also facilitate harmonious integration of esthetic and functional characteristics.

This study utilised a prototype system which consisted of a person-specific 3D printed jaw tracking harness interfacing with the maxillary and mandibular teeth and custom jaw tracking software implemented on a smartphone. The prototype achieved acceptable results. The prototype demonstrated a static position accuracy of less than 1 mm and 5°. It successfully tracked 30 cycles of a protrusive excursion, left lateral excursion, and 40 mm of jaw opening on a semi-adjustable articulator. The standard error of the tracking accuracy was reported as 0.1377 mm, 0.0449 mm, and 0.9196 mm, with corresponding ${r^2}$ r 2 values of 0.98, 1.00, and 1.00, respectively. Finally, occlusal contacts of left, right, and protrusive excursions were tracked with the prototype system and their trajectories were used to demonstrate kinematic modelling (no occlusal forces) with a biomechanical simulation tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare subjects' sensory responses to horizontal and vertical forces on tooth- and implant-supported restorations. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, three protocols simulating the horizontal or vertical forces that occur during mastication were used to obtain subjective responses from subjects. These protocols included the measurement of horizontal force intensity during excursive movements and the identification of initial contact during guided and free vertical closure. Responses were recorded using a 1- to 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) and/or monitored with electromyography (EMG) and Tekscan. Results: The study included 30 patients with a single implantsupported restoration (ISR) with a contralateral tooth-supported restoration (TSR). For horizontal forces similar to those of mastication (0.6 N), subject VAS scores were similar for both ISRs and TSRs at 6.3 vs 6.1, respectively. At reduced forces (0.2 and 0.4 N), subject responses were greater for the TSR at 3.4 and 5.4, respectively, as opposed to 1.2 and 2.6 for ISR, respectively (P < .01). During vertical guided closure (Test 1) at 25% of maximum bite force (MBF), subjects were more successful at correctly identifying initial contact of TSRs at a rate of 12 out of 17, compared to ISRs, which achieved a rate of 4 out of 13 (P < .1). In vertical free closure (Test 2), subject responses for the correct identification of initial contact at 50% MBF were similar for both TSRs and ISRs at 13 out of 17 and 9 out of 13, respectively. However, comparing the correct responses for subjects whose initial contacts were ISR showed a significant improvement in correct answers from Test 1 to Test 2, from 4 out of 13 correct to 9 out of 13 correct (P < .05). Conclusion: While the mechanism is not clear, subjects' ability to discern the horizontal and vertical forces at levels comparable to mastication appear similar between TSRs and ISRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare patient adaptation to and satisfaction with new complete dentures fabricated via a duplication construction protocol (DCP) using two different occlusal schemes: bilateral balanced (BBO) and lingualized (LO). Materials and Methods: A total of 20 complete denture wearers who received replacement DCP dentures participated in this study. Of these, 10 participants received complete dentures with a BBO scheme, while the other 10 received DCP dentures with an LO scheme. All of them evaluated their prostheses subjectively through the Oral Health Impact Profile-20 (OHIP-20) and the Complete Denture Satisfaction (CDS) questionnaires before treatment and at 3- and 6-month posttreatment intervals. The new prostheses were also normatively evaluated by recording the location and number of sore spots present at the scheduled early adjustment visits. Data were analyzed with nonparametric tests to identify differences in patient response both between groups and within each group at each evaluation interval (α = .05). Results: The within-group comparisons revealed statistically significant improvement for both denture groups (P < .05), while the between-group comparisons did not show statistically significant differences at the overall evaluation period (P > .05). Significant within-group differences were recorded in the pain, functional limitation, and psychologic disability domains of the OHIP-20 questionnaire, as well as the comfort, esthetics, and stability domains of the CDS questionnaire. Conclusion: Patient adaptation to and satisfaction with newly constructed DCP dentures improved significantly for both BBO and LO denture groups throughout the evaluation period. The mean number of early adjustment visits was equal for both the BBO and LO denture groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structure and occlusal support status using computed tomography (CT) images.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the computed tomography (CT) scans of 90 patients were categorized into six groups based on the number of posterior and anterior occlusal support areas (Eichner classification). In CT images, the articular eminence inclination, and glenoid fossa depth and angle were measured. Furthermore, condylar shape and position, and the presence of condyle-flattering or other pathologic changes were recorded. The TMJ variables were compared between different Eichner classification groups. The data were analyzed by paired samples T-tests, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square test (α=0.05).Results: The loss of posterior occlusal support was associated with TMJ flattening and a posterior condylar position (P0.05). In patients with unilateral occlusal support, the TMJ on the edentulous side had a significantly lower articular eminence inclination, a greater angle of the glenoid fossa, and a decreased glenoid fossa depth (P

ÖZET AMAÇ: Diş boyut uyumsuzluğunun hesaplanmasında kullanılan Bolton yöntemi ile Braun yönteminin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesidir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışma, Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ortodonti Ana Bilim Dalı kliniğine ortodontik tedavi için başvurmuş hastaların alçı modellerinden oluşmaktadır. Birinci grup (G1), ideal bitim kriterlerine ve Angle Sınıf I molar kapanışına sahip 61 adet modelden oluşmaktayken; ikinci grup (G2), farklı maloklüzyonlara sahip 61 modelden oluşmaktadır. G2; Angle Sınıf I, II ve III olmak üzere alt gruplar halinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bolton ve Braun analizi, iki gruptaki tüm modeller üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Ölçümler, aynı araştırmacı tarafından dijital kumpas kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılım göstermemesi sebebiyle Kruskal-Wallis H testi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Ölçüm hatasına Dahlberg yöntemi ile bakılmıştır. P

Background: Symmetrical and coordinated dental and alveolar arches are crucial for achieving proper occlusion. This study aimed to explore the association between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms in children with both normal occlusion and malocclusion. Methods: 209 normal occlusion subjects (5–13 years, mean 8.48 years) and 199 malocclusion subjects (5–12 years, mean 8.19 years) were included. The dentoalveolar arch form was characterized by the smoothest projected curve representing the layered contour of the buccal alveolar bone, referred to as the LiLo curve. Subsequently, a polynomial function was utilized to assess dental and dentoalveolar arch forms. To facilitate separate analyses of shape (depth/width ratio) and size (depth and width), the widths of dental and dentoalveolar arch forms were normalized. The normalized dental and dentoalveolar arch forms (shapes) were further classified into 6 groups, termed dental/dentoalveolar arch clusters, using the k-means algorithm. Results: The association between dental and dentoalveolar arch clusters was found to be one-to-many rather than one-to-one. The mismatch between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms is common in malocclusion, affecting 11.4% of the maxilla and 9.2% of the mandible, respectively. Conclusions: There are large individual variations in the association between dental and dentoalveolar arch forms. Early orthodontic treatment may play an active role in coordinating the relationship between the dental and dentoalveolar arch forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tooth avulsion represents the most severe form of dental trauma, necessitating tooth replantation as the primary treatment. However, the risk of replacement root resorption (RRR) poses a significant threat to tooth retention following replantation. This study preliminarily aimed to investigate the effect of physiological occlusal force on RRR after the replantation of avulsed teeth and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods: Thirty-six 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent extraction and immediate replantation of their left maxillary molars. The rats were randomly divided into two major groups: the occluded (n = 18) group, where the opposite mandibular teeth were preserved; non-occluded (n = 18) group, where the opposite mandibular teeth were extracted. Within each major group, there were three subgroups corresponding to 7 days, 14 days, and 2 months, resulting in a total of six subgroups, (n = 6 per subgroup). The right maxillary first molars served as the normal control. Various periodontal characteristics were assessed using haematoxylin-eosin (H&E), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results: Histological staining revealed that under occlusal force, the early stage (day 7) after tooth replantation mainly manifested as root surface resorption, especially in the non-occluded group, which gradually diminished over time. Cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL) repair was observed on day 14. Micro-CT analysis indicated a significant decrease in PDL width in the non-occluded group two months after replantation, consistent with the histological findings, signifying severe RRR in the non-occluded group. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that physiological occlusal force may attenuate osteoclastogenesis during the early stage of tooth replantation, thereby reducing the occurrence of RRR and promoting periodontal healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]