Search

Your search keyword '"Dennis JG"' showing total 17 results
Start Over Author "Dennis JG"
17 results on '"Dennis JG"'

1. Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci

Author

Erzurumluoglu, AM, Liu, M, Jackson, VE, Barnes, DR, Datta, G, Melbourne, CA, Young, R, Batini, C, Surendran, P, Jiang, T, Adnan, SD, Afaq, S, Agrawal, A, Altmaier, E, Antoniou, AC, Asselbergs, FW, Baumbach, C, Beirut, L, Bertelsen, S, Boehnke, M, Bots, ML, Brazel, DM, Chambers, JC, Chang-Claude, J, Chen, C, Corley, J, Chou, Y-L, David, SP, de Boer, RA, de Leeuw, CA, Dennis, JG, Dominiczak, AF, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Eaton, C, Elliott, P, Evangelou, E, Faul, JD, Foroud, T, Goate, A, Gong, J, Grabe, HJ, Haessler, J, Haiman, C, Hallmans, G, Hammerschlag, AR, Harris, SE, Hattersley, A, Heath, A, Hsu, C, Iacono, WG, Kanoni, S, Kapoor, M, Kaprio, J, Kardia, SL, Karpe, F, Kontto, J, Kooner, JS, Kooperberg, C, Kuulasmaa, K, Laakso, M, Lai, D, Langenberg, C, Le, N, Lettre, G, Loukola, A, Luan, J, Madden, PAF, Mangino, M, Marioni, RE, Marouli, E, Marten, J, Martin, NG, McGue, M, Michailidou, K, Mihailov, E, Moayyeri, A, Moitry, M, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Naheed, A, Nauck, M, Neville, MJ, Nielsen, SF, North, K, Perola, M, Pharoah, PDP, Pistis, G, Polderman, TJ, Posthuma, D, Poulter, N, Qaiser, B, Rasheed, A, Reiner, A, Renström, F, Rice, J, Rohde, R, Rolandsson, O, Samani, NJ, Samuel, M, Schlessinger, D, Scholte, SH, Scott, RA, Sever, P, Shao, Y, Shrine, N, Smith, JA, Starr, JM, Stirrups, K, Stram, D, Stringham, HM, Tachmazidou, I, Tardif, J-C, Thompson, DJ, Tindle, HA, Tragante, V, Trompet, S, Turcot, V, Tyrrell, J, Vaartjes, I, van der Leij, AR, van der Meer, P, Varga, TV, Verweij, N, Völzke, H, Wareham, NJ, Warren, HR, Weir, DR, Weiss, S, Wetherill, L, Yaghootkar, H, Yavas, E, Jiang, Y, Chen, F, Zhan, X, Zhang, W, Zhao, W, Zhou, K, Amouyel, P, Blankenberg, S, Caulfield, MJ, Chowdhury, R, Cucca, F, Deary, IJ, Deloukas, P, Di Angelantonio, E, Ferrario, M, Ferrières, J, Franks, PW, Frayling, TM, Frossard, P, Hall, IP, Hayward, C, Jansson, J-H, Jukema, JW, Kee, F, Männistö, S, Metspalu, A, Munroe, PB, Nordestgaard, BG, Palmer, CNA, Salomaa, V, Sattar, N, Spector, T, Strachan, DP, Understanding Society Scientific Group, EPIC-CVD, GSCAN, Consortium for Genetics of Smoking Behaviour, CHD Exome+ Consortium, van der Harst, P, Zeggini, E, Saleheen, D, Butterworth, AS, Wain, LV, Abecasis, GR, Danesh, J, Tobin, MD, Vrieze, S, Liu, DJ, and Howson, JMM

Abstract

Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects meta-analysis of up to 61 studies (up to 346,813 participants). In a subset of 112,811 participants, a further one million SNVs were also genotyped and tested for association with the four smoking behaviour traits. SNV-trait associations with P

Published
2020

2. Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci

Author

Erzurumluoglu, AM, Liu, M, Jackson, VE, Barnes, DR, Datta, G, Melbourne, CA, Young, R, Batini, C, Surendran, P, Jiang, T, Adnan, SD, Afaq, S, Agrawal, A, Altmaier, E, Antoniou, AC, Asselbergs, FW, Baumbach, C, Bierut, L, Bertelsen, S, Boehnke, M, Bots, ML, Brazel, DM, Chambers, JC, Chang-Claude, J, Chen, C, Corley, J, Chou, YL, David, SP, de Boer, RA, de Leeuw, CA, Dennis, JG, Dominiczak, AF, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Eaton, C, Elliott, P, Evangelou, E, Faul, JD, Foroud, T, Goate, A, Gong, J, Grabe, HJ, Haessler, J, Haiman, C, Hallmans, G, Hammerschlag, AR, Harris, SE, Hattersley, A, Heath, A, Hsu, C, Iacono, WG, Kanoni, S, Kapoor, M, Kaprio, J, Kardia, SL, Karpe, F, Kontto, J, Kooner, JS, Kooperberg, C, Kuulasmaa, K, Laakso, M, Lai, D, Langenberg, C, Le, N, Lettre, G, Loukola, A, Luan, J, Madden, PAF, Mangino, M, Marioni, RE, Graduate School, Experimental Vascular Medicine, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, AGEM - Digestive immunity, AGEM - Endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition, Cardiology, Radiotherapy, and Experimental Immunology

Published
2019

3. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity (vol 50, pg 26, 2018)

Author

Turcot, V, Lu, Y, Highland, HM, Schurmann, C, Justice, AE, Fine, RS, Bradfield, JP, Esko, T, Giri, A, Graff, M, Guo, X, Hendricks, AE, Karaderi, T, Lempradl, A, Locke, AE, Mahajan, A, Marouli, E, Sivapalaratnam, S, Young, KL, Alfred, T, Feitosa, MF, Masca, NGD, Manning, AK, Medina-Gomez, C, Mudgal, P, Ng, MCY, Reiner, AP, Vedantam, S, Willems, SM, Winkler, TW, Abecasis, G, Aben, KK, Alam, DS, Alharthi, SE, Allison, M, Amouyel, P, Asselbergs, FW, Auer, PL, Balkau, B, Bang, LE, Barroso, I, Bastarache, L, Benn, M, Bergmann, S, Bielak, LF, Bluher, M, Boehnke, M, Boeing, H, Boerwinkle, E, Boger, CA, Bork-Jensen, J, Bots, ML, Bottinger, EP, Bowden, DW, Brandslund, I, Breen, G, Brilliant, MH, Broer, L, Brumat, M, Burt, AA, Butterworth, AS, Campbell, PT, Cappellani, S, Carey, DJ, Catamo, E, Caulfield, MJ, Chambers, JC, Chasman, DI, Chen, Y-DI, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, C, Chu, AY, Cocca, M, Collins, FS, Cook, JP, Corley, J, Galbany, JC, Cox, AJ, Crosslin, DS, Cuellar-Partida, G, D'Eustacchio, A, Danesh, J, Davies, G, Bakker, PIW, Groot, MCH, Mutsert, R, Deary, IJ, Dedoussis, G, Demerath, EW, Heijer, M, Hollander, AI, Ruijter, HM, Dennis, JG, Denny, JC, Di Angelantonio, E, Drenos, F, Du, M, Dube, M-P, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Edwards, TL, Ellinghaus, D, Ellinor, PT, Elliott, P, Evangelou, E, Farmaki, A-E, Farooqi, IS, Faul, JD, Fauser, S, Feng, S, Ferrannini, E, Ferrieres, J, Florez, JC, Ford, I, Fornage, M, Franco, OH, Franke, A, Franks, PW, Friedrich, N, Frikke-Schmidt, R, Galesloot, TE, Gan, W, Gandin, I, Gasparini, P, Gibson, J, Giedraitis, V, Gjesing, AP, Gordon-Larsen, P, Gorski, M, Grabe, H-J, Grant, SFA, Grarup, N, Griffiths, HL, Grove, ML, Gudnason, V, Gustafsson, S, Haessler, J, Hakonarson, H, Hammerschlag, AR, Hansen, T, Harris, KM, Harris, TB, Hattersley, AT, Have, CT, Hayward, C, He, L, Heard-Costa, NL, Heath, AC, Heid, IM, Helgeland, O, Hernesniemi, J, Hewitt, AW, Holmen, OL, Hovingh, GK, Howson, JMM, Hu, Y, Huang, PL, Huffman, JE, Ikram, MA, Ingelsson, E, Jackson, AU, Jansson, J-H, Jarvik, GP, Jensen, GB, Jia, Y, Johansson, S, Jorgensen, ME, Jorgensen, T, Jukema, JW, Kahali, B, Kahn, RS, Kahonen, M, Kamstrup, PR, Kanoni, S, Kaprio, J, Karaleftheri, M, Kardia, SLR, Karpe, F, Kathiresan, S, Kee, F, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, E, Kitajima, H, Komulainen, P, Kooner, JS, Kooperberg, C, Korhonen, T, Kovacs, P, Kuivaniemi, H, Kutalik, Z, Kuulasmaa, K, Kuusisto, J, Laakso, M, Lakka, TA, Lamparter, D, Lange, EM, Lange, LA, Langenberg, C, Larson, EB, Lee, NR, Lehtimaki, T, Lewis, CE, Li, H, Li, J, Li-Gao, R, Lin, H, Lin, K-H, Lin, L-A, Lin, X, Lind, L, Lindstrom, J, Linneberg, A, Liu, C-T, Liu, DJ, Liu, Y, Lo, KS, Lophatananon, A, Lotery, AJ, Loukola, A, Luan, J, Lubitz, SA, Lyytikainen, L-P, Mannisto, S, Marenne, G, Mazul, AL, McCarthy, MI, McKean-Cowdin, R, Medland, SE, Meidtner, K, Milani, L, Mistry, V, Mitchell, P, Mohlke, KL, Moilanen, L, Moitry, M, Montgomery, GW, Mook-Kanamori, DO, Moore, C, Mori, TA, Morris, AD, Morris, AP, Mueller-Nurasyid, M, Munroe, PB, Nalls, MA, Narisu, N, Nelson, CP, Neville, M, Nielsen, SF, Nikus, K, Njolstad, PR, Nordestgaard, BG, Nyholt, DR, O'Connel, JR, O'Donoghue, ML, Loohuis, LMO, Ophoff, RA, Owen, KR, Packard, CJ, Padmanabhan, S, Palmer, CNA, Palmer, ND, Pasterkamp, G, Patel, AP, Pattie, A, Pedersen, O, Peissig, PL, Peloso, GM, Pennell, CE, Perola, M, Perry, JA, Perry, JRB, Pers, TH, Person, TN, Peters, A, Petersen, ERB, Peyser, PA, Pirie, A, Polasek, O, Polderman, TJ, Puolijoki, H, Raitakari, OT, Rasheed, A, Rauramaa, R, Reilly, DF, Renstrom, F, Rheinberger, M, Ridker, PM, Rioux, JD, Rivas, MA, Roberts, DJ, Robertson, NR, Robino, A, Rolandsson, O, Rudan, I, Ruth, KS, Saleheen, D, Salomaa, V, Samani, NJ, Sapkota, Y, Sattar, N, Schoen, RE, Schreiner, PJ, Schulze, MB, Scott, RA, Segura-Lepe, MP, Shah, SH, Sheu, WH-H, Sim, X, Slater, AJ, Small, KS, Smith, AV, Southam, L, Spector, TD, Speliotes, EK, Starr, JM, Stefansson, K, Steinthorsdottir, V, Stirrups, KE, Strauch, K, Stringham, HM, Stumvoll, M, Sun, L, Surendran, P, Swift, AJ, Tada, H, Tansey, KE, Tardif, J-C, Taylor, KD, Teumer, A, Thompson, DJ, Thorleifsson, G, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Thuesen, BH, Tonjes, A, Tromp, G, Trompet, S, Tsafantakis, E, Tuomilehto, J, Tybjaerg-Hansen, A, Tyrer, JP, Uher, R, Uitterlinden, AG, Uusitupa, M, Laan, SW, Duijn, CM, Leeuwen, N, van Setten, J, Vanhala, M, Varbo, A, Varga, TV, Varma, R, Edwards, DRV, Vermeulen, SH, Veronesi, G, Vestergaard, H, Vitart, V, Vogt, TF, Volker, U, Vuckovic, D, Wagenknecht, LE, Walker, M, Wallentin, L, Wang, F, Wang, CA, Wang, S, Wang, Y, Ware, EB, Wareham, NJ, Warren, HR, Waterworth, DM, Wessel, J, White, HD, Willer, CJ, Wilson, JG, Witte, DR, Wood, AR, Wu, Y, Yaghootkar, H, Yao, J, Yao, P, Yerges-Armstrong, LM, Young, R, Zeggini, E, Zhan, X, Zhang, W, Zhao, JH, Zhao, W, Zhou, W, Zondervan, KT, Consortium, GG, Rotter, JI, Pospisilik, JA, Rivadeneira, F, Borecki, IB, Deloukas, P, Frayling, TM, Lettre, G, North, KE, Lindgren, CM, Hirschhorn, JN, Loos, RJF, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences

Published
2018

4. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity (vol 50, pg 765, 2017)

Author

Turcot, V, Lu, Y, Highland, HM, Schurmann, C, Justice, AE, Fine, RS, Bradfield, JP, Esko, T, Giri, A, Graff, M, Guo, X, Hendricks, AE, Karaderi, T, Lempradl, A, Locke, AE, Mahajan, A, Marouli, E, Sivapalaratnam, S, Young, KL, Alfred, T, Feitosa, MF, Masca, NGD, Manning, AK, Medina-Gomez, C, Mudgal, P, Ng, MCY, Reiner, AP, Vedantam, S, Willems, SM, Winkler, TW, Abecasis, G, Aben, KK, Alam, DS, Alharthi, SE, Allison, M, Amouyel, P, Asselbergs, FW, Auer, PL, Balkau, B, Bang, LE, Barroso, I, Bastarache, L, Benn, M, Bergmann, S, Bielak, LF, Bluher, M, Boehnke, M, Boeing, H, Boerwinkle, E, Boger, CA, Bork-Jensen, J, Bots, ML, Bottinger, EP, Bowden, DW, Brandslund, I, Breen, G, Brilliant, MH, Broer, L, Brumat, M, Burt, AA, Butterworth, AS, Campbell, PT, Cappellani, S, Carey, DJ, Catamo, E, Caulfield, MJ, Chambers, JC, Chasman, DI, Chen, Y-DI, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, C, Chu, AY, Cocca, M, Collins, FS, Cook, JP, Corley, J, Galbany, JC, Cox, AJ, Crosslin, DS, Cuellar-Partida, G, D'Eustacchio, A, Danesh, J, Davies, G, Bakker, PIW, Groot, MCH, Mutsert, R, Deary, IJ, Dedoussis, G, Demerath, EW, Heijer, M, Hollander, AI, Ruijter, HM, Dennis, JG, Denny, JC, Angelantonio, E, Drenos, F, Du, M, Dube, M-P, Dunning, AM, Easton, DF, Edwards, TL, Ellinghaus, D, Ellinor, PT, Elliott, P, Evangelou, E, Farmaki, A-E, Farooqi, IS, Faul, JD, Fauser, S, Feng, S, Ferrannini, E, Ferrieres, J, Florez, JC, Ford, I, Fornage, M, Franco, OH, Franke, A, Franks, PW, Friedrich, N, Frikke-Schmidt, R, Galesloot, TE, Gan, W, Gandin, I, Gasparini, P, Gibson, J, Giedraitis, V, Gjesing, AP, Gordon-Larsen, P, Gorski, M, Grabe, H-J, Grant, SFA, Grarup, N, Griffiths, HL, Grove, ML, Gudnason, V, Gustafsson, S, Haessler, J, Hakonarson, H, Hammerschlag, AR, Hansen, T, Harris, KM, Harris, TB, Hattersley, AT, Have, CT, Hayward, C, He, L, Heard-Costa, NL, Heath, AC, Heid, IM, Helgeland, O, Hernesniemi, J, Hewitt, AW, Holmen, OL, Hovingh, GK, Howson, JMM, Hu, Y, Huang, PL, Huffman, JE, Ikram, MA, Ingelsson, E, Jackson, AU, Jansson, J-H, Jarvik, GP, Jensen, GB, Jia, Y, Johansson, S, Jorgensen, ME, Jorgensen, T, Jukema, JW, Kahali, B, Kahn, RS, Kahonen, M, Kamstrup, PR, Kanoni, S, Kaprio, J, Karaleftheri, M, Kardia, SLR, Karpe, F, Kathiresan, S, Kee, F, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, E, Kitajima, H, Komulainen, P, Kooner, JS, Kooperberg, C, Korhonen, T, Kovacs, P, Kuivaniemi, H, Kutalik, Z, Kuulasmaa, K, Kuusisto, J, Laakso, M, Lakka, TA, Lamparter, D, Lange, EM, Lange, LA, Langenberg, C, Larson, EB, Lee, NR, Lehtimaki, T, Lewis, CE, Li, H, Li, J, Li-Gao, R, Lin, H, Lin, K-H, Lin, L-A, Lin, X, Lind, L, Lindstrom, J, Linneberg, A, Liu, C-T, Liu, DJ, Liu, Y, Lo, KS, Lophatananon, A, Lotery, AJ, Loukola, A, Luan, J, Lubitz, SA, Lyytikainen, L-P, Mannisto, S, Marenne, G, Mazul, AL, McCarthy, MI, McKean-Cowdin, R, Medland, SE, Meidtner, K, Milani, L, Mistry, V, Mitchell, P, Mohlke, KL, Moilanen, L, Moitry, M, Montgomery, GW, Mook-Kanamori, DO, Moore, C, Mori, TA, Morris, AD, Morris, AP, Mueller-Nurasyid, M, Munroe, PB, Nalls, MA, Narisu, N, Nelson, CP, Neville, M, Nielsen, SF, Nikus, K, Njolstad, PR, Nordestgaard, BG, Nyholt, DR, O'Connel, JR, O'Donoghue, ML, Loohuis, LMO, Ophoff, RA, Owen, KR, Packard, CJ, Padmanabhan, S, Palmer, CNA, Palmer, ND, Pasterkamp, G, Patel, AP, Pattie, A, Pedersen, O, Peissig, PL, Peloso, GM, Pennell, CE, Perola, M, Perry, JA, Perry, JRB, Pers, TH, Person, TN, Peters, A, Petersen, ERB, Peyser, PA, Pirie, A, Polasek, O, Polderman, TJ, Puolijoki, H, Raitakari, OT, Rasheed, A, Rauramaa, R, Reilly, DF, Renstrom, F, Rheinberger, M, Ridker, PM, Rioux, JD, Rivas, MA, Roberts, DJ, Robertson, NR, Robino, A, Rolandsson, O, Rudan, I, Ruth, KS, Saleheen, D, Salomaa, V, Samani, NJ, Sapkota, Y, Sattar, N, Schoen, RE, Schreiner, PJ, Schulze, MB, Scott, RA, Segura-Lepe, MP, Shah, SH, Sheu, WH-H, Sim, X, Slater, AJ, Small, KS, Smith, AV, Southam, L, Spector, TD, Speliotes, EK, Starr, JM, Stefansson, K, Steinthorsdottir, V, Stirrups, KE, Strauch, K, Stringham, HM, Stumvoll, M, Sun, L, Surendran, P, Swift, AJ, Tada, H, Tansey, KE, Tardif, J-C, Taylor, KD, Teumer, A, Thompson, DJ, Thorleifsson, G, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Thuesen, BH, Tonjes, A, Tromp, G, Trompet, S, Tsafantakis, E, Tuomilehto, J, Tybjaerg-Hansen, A, Tyrer, JP, Uher, R, Uitterlinden, AG, Uusitupa, M, Laan, SW, Duijn, CM, Leeuwen, N, van Setten, J, Vanhala, M, Varbo, A, Varga, TV, Varma, R, Edwards, DRV, Vermeulen, SH, Veronesi, G, Vestergaard, H, Vitart, V, Vogt, TF, Volker, U, Vuckovic, D, Wagenknecht, LE, Walker, M, Wallentin, L, Wang, F, Wang, CA, Wang, S, Wang, Y, Ware, EB, Wareham, NJ, Warren, HR, Waterworth, DM, Wessel, J, White, HD, Willer, CJ, Wilson, JG, Witte, DR, Wood, AR, Wu, Y, Yaghootkar, H, Yao, J, Yao, P, Yerges-Armstrong, LM, Young, R, Zeggini, E, Zhan, X, Zhang, W, Zhao, JH, Zhao, W, Zhou, W, Zondervan, KT, Rotter, JI, Pospisilik, JA, Rivadeneira, F, Borecki, IB, Deloukas, P, Frayling, TM, Lettre, G, North, KE, Lindgren, CM, Hirschhorn, JN, Loos, RJF, Graduate School, Vascular Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences

Published
2018

5. Protocol for human brain organoid transplantation into a rat visual cortex to model neural repair

Author

Dennis Jgamadze, Paul M. Harary, Mackenzie Castellanos, Rachel Blue, Hongjun Song, Guo-li Ming, and H. Isaac Chen

Subjects
Model Organisms, Neuroscience, Stem Cells, Organoids, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Summary: Human stem-cell-derived organoids represent a promising substrate for transplantation-based neural repair. Here, we describe a protocol for transplanting forebrain organoids into an injured adult rat visual cortex. This protocol includes surgical details for craniectomy, aspiration injury, organoid transplantation, and cranioplasty. This platform represents a valuable tool for investigating the efficacy of organoids as structured grafts for neural repair.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jgamadze et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height

Author

Stirrups, KE, Butterworth, AS, Chowdhury, R, Danesh, J, Di Angelantonio, E, Howson, JMM, Surendran, P, Young, R, Dennis, JG, Easton, DF, Thompson, DJ, Dunning, AM, Pirie, A, Tyrer, JP, Langenberg, C, Luan, J, Scott, RA, Wareham, NJ, Willems, SM, Zhao, JH, Sivapalaratnam, S, Johnson, Kathleen [0000-0002-6823-3252], Butterworth, Adam [0000-0002-6915-9015], Chowdhury, Rajiv [0000-0003-4881-5690], Danesh, John [0000-0003-1158-6791], Di Angelantonio, Emanuele [0000-0001-8776-6719], Howson, Joanna [0000-0001-7618-0050], Surendran, Praveen [0000-0002-4911-6077], Dennis, Joe [0000-0003-4591-1214], Easton, Douglas [0000-0003-2444-3247], Thompson, Deborah [0000-0003-1465-5799], Dunning, Alison [0000-0001-6651-7166], Tyrer, Jonathan [0000-0003-3724-4757], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Zhao, Jing Hua [0000-0003-4930-3582], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
genetic association study, development
Abstract

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with ~700 common associated variants identified so far through genome-wide association studies. Here, we report 83 new height-associated coding variants with lower minor allele frequencies (range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 cm/allele (e.g. in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), >10 times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height-increasing variants of STC2 (+1-2 cm/allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (e.g. ADAMTS3, IL11RA, NOX4) and pathways (e.g. proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate to large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Cell Replacement Therapy for Brain Repair: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges for Treating Parkinson’s Disease and Cortical Injury

Author

Paul M. Harary, Dennis Jgamadze, Jaeha Kim, John A. Wolf, Hongjun Song, Guo-li Ming, D. Kacy Cullen, and H. Isaac Chen

Subjects
neural replacement, brain organoids, tissue engineering, Parkinson’s disease, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Neural transplantation represents a promising approach to repairing damaged brain circuitry. Cellular grafts have been shown to promote functional recovery through “bystander effects” and other indirect mechanisms. However, extensive brain lesions may require direct neuronal replacement to achieve meaningful restoration of function. While fetal cortical grafts have been shown to integrate with the host brain and appear to develop appropriate functional attributes, the significant ethical concerns and limited availability of this tissue severely hamper clinical translation. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells and tissues represent a more readily scalable alternative. Significant progress has recently been made in developing protocols for generating a wide range of neural cell types in vitro. Here, we discuss recent progress in neural transplantation approaches for two conditions with distinct design needs: Parkinson’s disease and cortical injury. We discuss the current status and future application of injections of dopaminergic cells for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease as well as the use of structured grafts such as brain organoids for cortical repair.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Bundled Three-Dimensional Human Axon Tracts Derived from Brain Organoids

Author

D. Kacy Cullen, Wisberty J. Gordián-Vélez, Laura A. Struzyna, Dennis Jgamadze, James Lim, Kathryn L. Wofford, Kevin D. Browne, and H. Isaac Chen

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Summary: Reestablishing cerebral connectivity is a critical part of restoring neuronal network integrity and brain function after trauma, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Creating transplantable axon tracts in the laboratory is an unexplored strategy for overcoming the common barriers limiting axon regeneration in vivo, including growth-inhibiting factors and the limited outgrowth capacity of mature neurons in the brain. We describe the generation, phenotype, and connectivity of constrained three-dimensional human axon tracts derived from brain organoids. These centimeter-long constructs are encased in an agarose shell that permits physical manipulation and are composed of discrete cellular regions spanned by axon tracts, mirroring the separation of cerebral gray and white matter. Features of cerebral cortex also are emulated, as evidenced by the presence of neurons with different cortical layer phenotypes. This engineered neural tissue represents a first step toward potentially reconstructing brain circuits by physically replacing neuronal populations and long-range axon tracts in the brain. : Biological Sciences; Neuroscience; Tissue Engineering Subject Areas: Biological Sciences, Neuroscience, Tissue Engineering

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. 4418 Optimization and Validation of a Silk Scaffold-Based Neural Tissue Construct

Author

Ben Jiahe Gu, Dennis Jgamadze, Guoming (Tony) Man, and Han-Chiao Isaac Chen

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our goal is to develop a silk fibroin scaffold-based neural tissue construct and characterize it in a rat model of cortical injury. We aim to optimize the construct for transplantation, test pharmacologic interventions that may enhance its survival, and evaluate its integration with the host brain. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To optimize cell density and health, silk fibroin scaffolds varying in porosity and stiffness were seeded with E18 GFP+ rat cortical neurons and imaged at DIV 5. Different seeding methods and loads were similarly tested. Constructs, loaded with an inhibitor of apoptosis (ROCK inhibitor Y-27632) or necroptosis (necrostatin-1) in a fibrin hydrogel, were transplanted into aspiration lesions created in the primary motor cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats, and graft survival was compared to negative control at 2 weeks. Lastly, constructs were transplanted and evaluated via immunohistochemistry at 1, 2, and 4-month time points for survival, differentiation, inflammation, and anatomic integration. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Scaffolds with smaller pore sizes retained more cells after seeding. Softer scaffolds, which enhance hemostasis at transplantation, did not compromise cell health on live/dead assay. We anticipate that seeding concentrated cell suspensions onto multiple surfaces of the construct will produce the most evenly seeded and cell-dense constructs. Based on a prior pilot study, we anticipate that necrostatin-1 will significantly improve intermediate-term construct survival. We have observed up to 15% cell survival at 1 month with retained neuronal identity and abundant axonal projections into the brain despite evidence of persistent inflammation; we anticipate similar outcomes at later time points. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our construct, due to its exceptional longevity in vitro, manipulability, and modularity, is an attractive platform for neural tissue engineering. In the present work, we optimize and validate this technology for transplantation with the goal of addressing the morbidity burden of cortical injury.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. 96101 Temporal Evolution of Neural Activity in Human Brain Organoids

Author

Kobina G. Mensah-Brown, James Lim, Dennis Jgamadze, Guo-li Ming, Hongjun Song, John A. Wolf, and Han-Chiao I. Chen

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This study will provide the essential characterization of intrinsic neural activity in human brain organoids, both at the single cell and network levels, to harness for translational purposes. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Brain organoids are 3D, stem cell-derived neural tissues that recapitulate neurodevelopment. However, to levy their full translational potential, a deeper understanding of their intrinsic neural activity is essential. Here, we present our preliminary analysis of maturing neural activity in human forebrain organoids. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Forebrain organoids were generated from human iPSC lines derived from healthy volunteers. Linear microelectrode probes were employed to record spontaneous electrical activity from day 77, 100, and 130 organoids. Single unit recordings were collected during hour-long recordings, involving baseline recordings followed by glutamatergic blockade. Subsequently, tetrodotoxin, was used to abolish action potential firing. Single units were identified via spike sorting, and the spatiotemporal evolution of baseline neural properties and network dynamics was characterized. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Nine organoids were recorded successfully (n=3 per timepoint). A significant difference in number of units was seen across age groups (F (2,6) = 6.4178, p = 0.0323). Post hoc comparisons by the Tukey HSD test showed significantly more units in day 130 (51.67 ±14.15) than day 77 (16.33 ±14.98) organoids. Mean firing rates were significantly different in organoids based on age, with drug condition also trending toward significance (F (6,12) = 9.97; p = 0.0028 and p = 0.08 respectively). Post hoc comparisons showed a higher baseline firing rate in day 130 (0.99Hz ±0.30) organoids than their day 77 counterparts at baseline (0.31Hz ±0.066) and glutamate blockade (0.31Hz ±0.045). Preliminary network analysis showed no modularity or small-world features; however, these features are expected to emerge as organoids mature. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Initial analysis of brain organoid activity demonstrates changes in single unit properties as they mature. Additional work in this area, as well as further network analyses, will confer better sense of how to rationally utilize brain organoids for translational purposes.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Colloids as mobile substrates for the implantation and integration of differentiated neurons into the mammalian brain.

Author

Dennis Jgamadze, Jamie Bergen, Daniel Stone, Jae-Hyung Jang, David V Schaffer, Ehud Y Isacoff, and Sophie Pautot

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Neuronal degeneration and the deterioration of neuronal communication lie at the origin of many neuronal disorders, and there have been major efforts to develop cell replacement therapies for treating such diseases. One challenge, however, is that differentiated cells are challenging to transplant due to their sensitivity both to being uprooted from their cell culture growth support and to shear forces inherent in the implantation process. Here, we describe an approach to address these problems. We demonstrate that rat hippocampal neurons can be grown on colloidal particles or beads, matured and even transfected in vitro, and subsequently transplanted while adhered to the beads into the young adult rat hippocampus. The transplanted cells have a 76% cell survival rate one week post-surgery. At this time, most transplanted neurons have left their beads and elaborated long processes, similar to the host neurons. Additionally, the transplanted cells distribute uniformly across the host hippocampus. Expression of a fluorescent protein and the light-gated glutamate receptor in the transplanted neurons enabled them to be driven to fire by remote optical control. At 1-2 weeks after transplantation, calcium imaging of host brain slice shows that optical excitation of the transplanted neurons elicits activity in nearby host neurons, indicating the formation of functional transplant-host synaptic connections. After 6 months, the transplanted cell survival and overall cell distribution remained unchanged, suggesting that cells are functionally integrated. This approach, which could be extended to other cell classes such as neural stem cells and other regions of the brain, offers promising prospects for neuronal circuit repair via transplantation of in vitro differentiated, genetically engineered neurons.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Meta-analysis of up to 622,409 individuals identifies 40 novel smoking behaviour associated genetic loci.

Author

Erzurumluoglu AM, Liu M, Jackson VE, Barnes DR, Datta G, Melbourne CA, Young R, Batini C, Surendran P, Jiang T, Adnan SD, Afaq S, Agrawal A, Altmaier E, Antoniou AC, Asselbergs FW, Baumbach C, Bierut L, Bertelsen S, Boehnke M, Bots ML, Brazel DM, Chambers JC, Chang-Claude J, Chen C, Corley J, Chou YL, David SP, de Boer RA, de Leeuw CA, Dennis JG, Dominiczak AF, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Eaton C, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Faul JD, Foroud T, Goate A, Gong J, Grabe HJ, Haessler J, Haiman C, Hallmans G, Hammerschlag AR, Harris SE, Hattersley A, Heath A, Hsu C, Iacono WG, Kanoni S, Kapoor M, Kaprio J, Kardia SL, Karpe F, Kontto J, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Kuulasmaa K, Laakso M, Lai D, Langenberg C, Le N, Lettre G, Loukola A, Luan J, Madden PAF, Mangino M, Marioni RE, Marouli E, Marten J, Martin NG, McGue M, Michailidou K, Mihailov E, Moayyeri A, Moitry M, Müller-Nurasyid M, Naheed A, Nauck M, Neville MJ, Nielsen SF, North K, Perola M, Pharoah PDP, Pistis G, Polderman TJ, Posthuma D, Poulter N, Qaiser B, Rasheed A, Reiner A, Renström F, Rice J, Rohde R, Rolandsson O, Samani NJ, Samuel M, Schlessinger D, Scholte SH, Scott RA, Sever P, Shao Y, Shrine N, Smith JA, Starr JM, Stirrups K, Stram D, Stringham HM, Tachmazidou I, Tardif JC, Thompson DJ, Tindle HA, Tragante V, Trompet S, Turcot V, Tyrrell J, Vaartjes I, van der Leij AR, van der Meer P, Varga TV, Verweij N, Völzke H, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Weir DR, Weiss S, Wetherill L, Yaghootkar H, Yavas E, Jiang Y, Chen F, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhou K, Amouyel P, Blankenberg S, Caulfield MJ, Chowdhury R, Cucca F, Deary IJ, Deloukas P, Di Angelantonio E, Ferrario M, Ferrières J, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Frossard P, Hall IP, Hayward C, Jansson JH, Jukema JW, Kee F, Männistö S, Metspalu A, Munroe PB, Nordestgaard BG, Palmer CNA, Salomaa V, Sattar N, Spector T, Strachan DP, van der Harst P, Zeggini E, Saleheen D, Butterworth AS, Wain LV, Abecasis GR, Danesh J, Tobin MD, Vrieze S, Liu DJ, and Howson JMM

Subjects
Biological Specimen Banks, Databases, Factual, Europe ethnology, Exome, Female, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, United Kingdom, Genetic Loci, Smoking genetics
Abstract

Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation in a fixed effects meta-analysis of up to 61 studies (up to 346,813 participants). In a subset of 112,811 participants, a further one million SNVs were also genotyped and tested for association with the four smoking behaviour traits. SNV-trait associations with P < 5 × 10 -8 in either analysis were taken forward for replication in up to 275,596 independent participants from UK Biobank. Lastly, a meta-analysis of the discovery and replication studies was performed. Sixteen SNVs were associated with at least one of the smoking behaviour traits (P < 5 × 10 -8 ) in the discovery samples. Ten novel SNVs, including rs12616219 near TMEM182, were followed-up and five of them (rs462779 in REV3L, rs12780116 in CNNM2, rs1190736 in GPR101, rs11539157 in PJA1, and rs12616219 near TMEM182) replicated at a Bonferroni significance threshold (P < 4.5 × 10 -3 ) with consistent direction of effect. A further 35 SNVs were associated with smoking behaviour traits in the discovery plus replication meta-analysis (up to 622,409 participants) including a rare SNV, rs150493199, in CCDC141 and two low-frequency SNVs in CEP350 and HDGFRP2. Functional follow-up implied that decreased expression of REV3L may lower the probability of smoking initiation. The novel loci will facilitate understanding the genetic aetiology of smoking behaviour and may lead to the identification of potential drug targets for smoking prevention and/or cessation.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Publisher Correction: Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity.

Author

Turcot V, Lu Y, Highland HM, Schurmann C, Justice AE, Fine RS, Bradfield JP, Esko T, Giri A, Graff M, Guo X, Hendricks AE, Karaderi T, Lempradl A, Locke AE, Mahajan A, Marouli E, Sivapalaratnam S, Young KL, Alfred T, Feitosa MF, Masca NGD, Manning AK, Medina-Gomez C, Mudgal P, Ng MCY, Reiner AP, Vedantam S, Willems SM, Winkler TW, Abecasis G, Aben KK, Alam DS, Alharthi SE, Allison M, Amouyel P, Asselbergs FW, Auer PL, Balkau B, Bang LE, Barroso I, Bastarache L, Benn M, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Blüher M, Boehnke M, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bork-Jensen J, Bots ML, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Breen G, Brilliant MH, Broer L, Brumat M, Burt AA, Butterworth AS, Campbell PT, Cappellani S, Carey DJ, Catamo E, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Cocca M, Collins FS, Cook JP, Corley J, Galbany JC, Cox AJ, Crosslin DS, Cuellar-Partida G, D'Eustacchio A, Danesh J, Davies G, Bakker PIW, Groot MCH, Mutsert R, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Demerath EW, Heijer M, Hollander AI, Ruijter HM, Dennis JG, Denny JC, Di Angelantonio E, Drenos F, Du M, Dubé MP, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Edwards TL, Ellinghaus D, Ellinor PT, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Farmaki AE, Farooqi IS, Faul JD, Fauser S, Feng S, Ferrannini E, Ferrieres J, Florez JC, Ford I, Fornage M, Franco OH, Franke A, Franks PW, Friedrich N, Frikke-Schmidt R, Galesloot TE, Gan W, Gandin I, Gasparini P, Gibson J, Giedraitis V, Gjesing AP, Gordon-Larsen P, Gorski M, Grabe HJ, Grant SFA, Grarup N, Griffiths HL, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Gustafsson S, Haessler J, Hakonarson H, Hammerschlag AR, Hansen T, Harris KM, Harris TB, Hattersley AT, Have CT, Hayward C, He L, Heard-Costa NL, Heath AC, Heid IM, Helgeland Ø, Hernesniemi J, Hewitt AW, Holmen OL, Hovingh GK, Howson JMM, Hu Y, Huang PL, Huffman JE, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Jansson JH, Jarvik GP, Jensen GB, Jia Y, Johansson S, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Jukema JW, Kahali B, Kahn RS, Kähönen M, Kamstrup PR, Kanoni S, Kaprio J, Karaleftheri M, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kathiresan S, Kee F, Kiemeney LA, Kim E, Kitajima H, Komulainen P, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kovacs P, Kuivaniemi H, Kutalik Z, Kuulasmaa K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lamparter D, Lange EM, Lange LA, Langenberg C, Larson EB, Lee NR, Lehtimäki T, Lewis CE, Li H, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lin H, Lin KH, Lin LA, Lin X, Lind L, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu DJ, Liu Y, Lo KS, Lophatananon A, Lotery AJ, Loukola A, Luan J, Lubitz SA, Lyytikäinen LP, Männistö S, Marenne G, Mazul AL, McCarthy MI, McKean-Cowdin R, Medland SE, Meidtner K, Milani L, Mistry V, Mitchell P, Mohlke KL, Moilanen L, Moitry M, Montgomery GW, Mook-Kanamori DO, Moore C, Mori TA, Morris AD, Morris AP, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Nalls MA, Narisu N, Nelson CP, Neville M, Nielsen SF, Nikus K, Njølstad PR, Nordestgaard BG, Nyholt DR, O'Connel JR, O'Donoghue ML, Loohuis LMO, Ophoff RA, Owen KR, Packard CJ, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Palmer ND, Pasterkamp G, Patel AP, Pattie A, Pedersen O, Peissig PL, Peloso GM, Pennell CE, Perola M, Perry JA, Perry JRB, Pers TH, Person TN, Peters A, Petersen ERB, Peyser PA, Pirie A, Polasek O, Polderman TJ, Puolijoki H, Raitakari OT, Rasheed A, Rauramaa R, Reilly DF, Renström F, Rheinberger M, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Rivas MA, Roberts DJ, Robertson NR, Robino A, Rolandsson O, Rudan I, Ruth KS, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sapkota Y, Sattar N, Schoen RE, Schreiner PJ, Schulze MB, Scott RA, Segura-Lepe MP, Shah SH, Sheu WH, Sim X, Slater AJ, Small KS, Smith AV, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Starr JM, Stefansson K, Steinthorsdottir V, Stirrups KE, Strauch K, Stringham HM, Stumvoll M, Sun L, Surendran P, Swift AJ, Tada H, Tansey KE, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thompson DJ, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thuesen BH, Tönjes A, Tromp G, Trompet S, Tsafantakis E, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tyrer JP, Uher R, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Laan SW, Duijn CM, Leeuwen N, van Setten J, Vanhala M, Varbo A, Varga TV, Varma R, Edwards DRV, Vermeulen SH, Veronesi G, Vestergaard H, Vitart V, Vogt TF, Völker U, Vuckovic D, Wagenknecht LE, Walker M, Wallentin L, Wang F, Wang CA, Wang S, Wang Y, Ware EB, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Waterworth DM, Wessel J, White HD, Willer CJ, Wilson JG, Witte DR, Wood AR, Wu Y, Yaghootkar H, Yao J, Yao P, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zondervan KT, Rotter JI, Pospisilik JA, Rivadeneira F, Borecki IB, Deloukas P, Frayling TM, Lettre G, North KE, Lindgren CM, Hirschhorn JN, and Loos RJF

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution.

Author

Justice AE, Karaderi T, Highland HM, Young KL, Graff M, Lu Y, Turcot V, Auer PL, Fine RS, Guo X, Schurmann C, Lempradl A, Marouli E, Mahajan A, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Medina-Gomez C, Esko T, Vedantam S, Giri A, Lo KS, Alfred T, Mudgal P, Ng MCY, Heard-Costa NL, Feitosa MF, Manning AK, Willems SM, Sivapalaratnam S, Abecasis G, Alam DS, Allison M, Amouyel P, Arzumanyan Z, Balkau B, Bastarache L, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Blüher M, Boehnke M, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bork-Jensen J, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Broer L, Burt AA, Butterworth AS, Caulfield MJ, Cesana G, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Collins FS, Cook JP, Cox AJ, Crosslin DS, Danesh J, de Bakker PIW, Denus S, Mutsert R, Dedoussis G, Demerath EW, Dennis JG, Denny JC, Di Angelantonio E, Dörr M, Drenos F, Dubé MP, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Farmaki AE, Feng S, Ferrannini E, Ferrieres J, Florez JC, Fornage M, Fox CS, Franks PW, Friedrich N, Gan W, Gandin I, Gasparini P, Giedraitis V, Girotto G, Gorski M, Grallert H, Grarup N, Grove ML, Gustafsson S, Haessler J, Hansen T, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, Heid IM, Holmen OL, Hovingh GK, Howson JMM, Hu Y, Hung YJ, Hveem K, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Jarvik GP, Jia Y, Jørgensen T, Jousilahti P, Justesen JM, Kahali B, Karaleftheri M, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kee F, Kitajima H, Komulainen P, Kooner JS, Kovacs P, Krämer BK, Kuulasmaa K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lamparter D, Lange LA, Langenberg C, Larson EB, Lee NR, Lee WJ, Lehtimäki T, Lewis CE, Li H, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lin LA, Lin X, Lind L, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu DJ, Luan J, Lyytikäinen LP, MacGregor S, Mägi R, Männistö S, Marenne G, Marten J, Masca NGD, McCarthy MI, Meidtner K, Mihailov E, Moilanen L, Moitry M, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morgan A, Morris AP, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Narisu N, Nelson CP, Neville M, Ntalla I, O'Connell JR, Owen KR, Pedersen O, Peloso GM, Pennell CE, Perola M, Perry JA, Perry JRB, Pers TH, Ewing A, Polasek O, Raitakari OT, Rasheed A, Raulerson CK, Rauramaa R, Reilly DF, Reiner AP, Ridker PM, Rivas MA, Robertson NR, Robino A, Rudan I, Ruth KS, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Schreiner PJ, Schulze MB, Scott RA, Segura-Lepe M, Sim X, Slater AJ, Small KS, Smith BH, Smith JA, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Stefansson K, Steinthorsdottir V, Stirrups KE, Strauch K, Stringham HM, Stumvoll M, Sun L, Surendran P, Swart KMA, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thompson DJ, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thuesen BH, Tönjes A, Torres M, Tsafantakis E, Tuomilehto J, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, van Duijn CM, Vanhala M, Varma R, Vermeulen SH, Vestergaard H, Vitart V, Vogt TF, Vuckovic D, Wagenknecht LE, Walker M, Wallentin L, Wang F, Wang CA, Wang S, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Waterworth DM, Wessel J, White HD, Willer CJ, Wilson JG, Wood AR, Wu Y, Yaghootkar H, Yao J, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zheng H, Zhou W, Zillikens MC, Rivadeneira F, Borecki IB, Pospisilik JA, Deloukas P, Frayling TM, Lettre G, Mohlke KL, Rotter JI, Kutalik Z, Hirschhorn JN, Cupples LA, Loos RJF, North KE, and Lindgren CM

Subjects
Animals, Body Fat Distribution methods, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Drosophila genetics, Exome genetics, Female, Gene Frequency genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Waist-Hip Ratio methods, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genetic Variation genetics, Homeostasis genetics, Lipids genetics, Proteins genetics
Abstract

Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF ≥5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF <5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Publisher Correction: Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity.

Author

Turcot V, Lu Y, Highland HM, Schurmann C, Justice AE, Fine RS, Bradfield JP, Esko T, Giri A, Graff M, Guo X, Hendricks AE, Karaderi T, Lempradl A, Locke AE, Mahajan A, Marouli E, Sivapalaratnam S, Young KL, Alfred T, Feitosa MF, Masca NGD, Manning AK, Medina-Gomez C, Mudgal P, Ng MCY, Reiner AP, Vedantam S, Willems SM, Winkler TW, Abecasis G, Aben KK, Alam DS, Alharthi SE, Allison M, Amouyel P, Asselbergs FW, Auer PL, Balkau B, Bang LE, Barroso I, Bastarache L, Benn M, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Blüher M, Boehnke M, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bork-Jensen J, Bots ML, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Breen G, Brilliant MH, Broer L, Brumat M, Burt AA, Butterworth AS, Campbell PT, Cappellani S, Carey DJ, Catamo E, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Cocca M, Collins FS, Cook JP, Corley J, Corominas Galbany J, Cox AJ, Crosslin DS, Cuellar-Partida G, D'Eustacchio A, Danesh J, Davies G, Bakker PIW, Groot MCH, Mutsert R, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Demerath EW, Heijer M, Hollander AI, Ruijter HM, Dennis JG, Denny JC, Angelantonio E, Drenos F, Du M, Dubé MP, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Edwards TL, Ellinghaus D, Ellinor PT, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Farmaki AE, Farooqi IS, Faul JD, Fauser S, Feng S, Ferrannini E, Ferrieres J, Florez JC, Ford I, Fornage M, Franco OH, Franke A, Franks PW, Friedrich N, Frikke-Schmidt R, Galesloot TE, Gan W, Gandin I, Gasparini P, Gibson J, Giedraitis V, Gjesing AP, Gordon-Larsen P, Gorski M, Grabe HJ, Grant SFA, Grarup N, Griffiths HL, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Gustafsson S, Haessler J, Hakonarson H, Hammerschlag AR, Hansen T, Harris KM, Harris TB, Hattersley AT, Have CT, Hayward C, He L, Heard-Costa NL, Heath AC, Heid IM, Helgeland Ø, Hernesniemi J, Hewitt AW, Holmen OL, Hovingh GK, Howson JMM, Hu Y, Huang PL, Huffman JE, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Jansson JH, Jarvik GP, Jensen GB, Jia Y, Johansson S, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Jukema JW, Kahali B, Kahn RS, Kähönen M, Kamstrup PR, Kanoni S, Kaprio J, Karaleftheri M, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kathiresan S, Kee F, Kiemeney LA, Kim E, Kitajima H, Komulainen P, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kovacs P, Kuivaniemi H, Kutalik Z, Kuulasmaa K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lamparter D, Lange EM, Lange LA, Langenberg C, Larson EB, Lee NR, Lehtimäki T, Lewis CE, Li H, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lin H, Lin KH, Lin LA, Lin X, Lind L, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu DJ, Liu Y, Lo KS, Lophatananon A, Lotery AJ, Loukola A, Luan J, Lubitz SA, Lyytikäinen LP, Männistö S, Marenne G, Mazul AL, McCarthy MI, McKean-Cowdin R, Medland SE, Meidtner K, Milani L, Mistry V, Mitchell P, Mohlke KL, Moilanen L, Moitry M, Montgomery GW, Mook-Kanamori DO, Moore C, Mori TA, Morris AD, Morris AP, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Nalls MA, Narisu N, Nelson CP, Neville M, Nielsen SF, Nikus K, Njølstad PR, Nordestgaard BG, Nyholt DR, O'Connel JR, O'Donoghue ML, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Owen KR, Packard CJ, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Palmer ND, Pasterkamp G, Patel AP, Pattie A, Pedersen O, Peissig PL, Peloso GM, Pennell CE, Perola M, Perry JA, Perry JRB, Pers TH, Person TN, Peters A, Petersen ERB, Peyser PA, Pirie A, Polasek O, Polderman TJ, Puolijoki H, Raitakari OT, Rasheed A, Rauramaa R, Reilly DF, Renström F, Rheinberger M, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Rivas MA, Roberts DJ, Robertson NR, Robino A, Rolandsson O, Rudan I, Ruth KS, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sapkota Y, Sattar N, Schoen RE, Schreiner PJ, Schulze MB, Scott RA, Segura-Lepe MP, Shah SH, Sheu WH, Sim X, Slater AJ, Small KS, Smith AV, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Starr JM, Stefansson K, Steinthorsdottir V, Stirrups KE, Strauch K, Stringham HM, Stumvoll M, Sun L, Surendran P, Swift AJ, Tada H, Tansey KE, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thompson DJ, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thuesen BH, Tönjes A, Tromp G, Trompet S, Tsafantakis E, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tyrer JP, Uher R, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Laan SW, Duijn CM, Leeuwen N, van Setten J, Vanhala M, Varbo A, Varga TV, Varma R, Velez Edwards DR, Vermeulen SH, Veronesi G, Vestergaard H, Vitart V, Vogt TF, Völker U, Vuckovic D, Wagenknecht LE, Walker M, Wallentin L, Wang F, Wang CA, Wang S, Wang Y, Ware EB, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Waterworth DM, Wessel J, White HD, Willer CJ, Wilson JG, Witte DR, Wood AR, Wu Y, Yaghootkar H, Yao J, Yao P, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zondervan KT, Rotter JI, Pospisilik JA, Rivadeneira F, Borecki IB, Deloukas P, Frayling TM, Lettre G, North KE, Lindgren CM, Hirschhorn JN, and Loos RJF

Abstract

In the published version of this paper, the name of author Emanuele Di Angelantonio was misspelled. This error has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity.

Author

Turcot V, Lu Y, Highland HM, Schurmann C, Justice AE, Fine RS, Bradfield JP, Esko T, Giri A, Graff M, Guo X, Hendricks AE, Karaderi T, Lempradl A, Locke AE, Mahajan A, Marouli E, Sivapalaratnam S, Young KL, Alfred T, Feitosa MF, Masca NGD, Manning AK, Medina-Gomez C, Mudgal P, Ng MCY, Reiner AP, Vedantam S, Willems SM, Winkler TW, Abecasis G, Aben KK, Alam DS, Alharthi SE, Allison M, Amouyel P, Asselbergs FW, Auer PL, Balkau B, Bang LE, Barroso I, Bastarache L, Benn M, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Blüher M, Boehnke M, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bork-Jensen J, Bots ML, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Breen G, Brilliant MH, Broer L, Brumat M, Burt AA, Butterworth AS, Campbell PT, Cappellani S, Carey DJ, Catamo E, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Cocca M, Collins FS, Cook JP, Corley J, Corominas Galbany J, Cox AJ, Crosslin DS, Cuellar-Partida G, D'Eustacchio A, Danesh J, Davies G, Bakker PIW, Groot MCH, Mutsert R, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Demerath EW, Heijer M, Hollander AI, Ruijter HM, Dennis JG, Denny JC, Di Angelantonio E, Drenos F, Du M, Dubé MP, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Edwards TL, Ellinghaus D, Ellinor PT, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Farmaki AE, Farooqi IS, Faul JD, Fauser S, Feng S, Ferrannini E, Ferrieres J, Florez JC, Ford I, Fornage M, Franco OH, Franke A, Franks PW, Friedrich N, Frikke-Schmidt R, Galesloot TE, Gan W, Gandin I, Gasparini P, Gibson J, Giedraitis V, Gjesing AP, Gordon-Larsen P, Gorski M, Grabe HJ, Grant SFA, Grarup N, Griffiths HL, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Gustafsson S, Haessler J, Hakonarson H, Hammerschlag AR, Hansen T, Harris KM, Harris TB, Hattersley AT, Have CT, Hayward C, He L, Heard-Costa NL, Heath AC, Heid IM, Helgeland Ø, Hernesniemi J, Hewitt AW, Holmen OL, Hovingh GK, Howson JMM, Hu Y, Huang PL, Huffman JE, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Jansson JH, Jarvik GP, Jensen GB, Jia Y, Johansson S, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Jukema JW, Kahali B, Kahn RS, Kähönen M, Kamstrup PR, Kanoni S, Kaprio J, Karaleftheri M, Kardia SLR, Karpe F, Kathiresan S, Kee F, Kiemeney LA, Kim E, Kitajima H, Komulainen P, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Korhonen T, Kovacs P, Kuivaniemi H, Kutalik Z, Kuulasmaa K, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lamparter D, Lange EM, Lange LA, Langenberg C, Larson EB, Lee NR, Lehtimäki T, Lewis CE, Li H, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lin H, Lin KH, Lin LA, Lin X, Lind L, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu CT, Liu DJ, Liu Y, Lo KS, Lophatananon A, Lotery AJ, Loukola A, Luan J, Lubitz SA, Lyytikäinen LP, Männistö S, Marenne G, Mazul AL, McCarthy MI, McKean-Cowdin R, Medland SE, Meidtner K, Milani L, Mistry V, Mitchell P, Mohlke KL, Moilanen L, Moitry M, Montgomery GW, Mook-Kanamori DO, Moore C, Mori TA, Morris AD, Morris AP, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Nalls MA, Narisu N, Nelson CP, Neville M, Nielsen SF, Nikus K, Njølstad PR, Nordestgaard BG, Nyholt DR, O'Connel JR, O'Donoghue ML, Olde Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Owen KR, Packard CJ, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CNA, Palmer ND, Pasterkamp G, Patel AP, Pattie A, Pedersen O, Peissig PL, Peloso GM, Pennell CE, Perola M, Perry JA, Perry JRB, Pers TH, Person TN, Peters A, Petersen ERB, Peyser PA, Pirie A, Polasek O, Polderman TJ, Puolijoki H, Raitakari OT, Rasheed A, Rauramaa R, Reilly DF, Renström F, Rheinberger M, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Rivas MA, Roberts DJ, Robertson NR, Robino A, Rolandsson O, Rudan I, Ruth KS, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sapkota Y, Sattar N, Schoen RE, Schreiner PJ, Schulze MB, Scott RA, Segura-Lepe MP, Shah SH, Sheu WH, Sim X, Slater AJ, Small KS, Smith AV, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Starr JM, Stefansson K, Steinthorsdottir V, Stirrups KE, Strauch K, Stringham HM, Stumvoll M, Sun L, Surendran P, Swift AJ, Tada H, Tansey KE, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thompson DJ, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thuesen BH, Tönjes A, Tromp G, Trompet S, Tsafantakis E, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tyrer JP, Uher R, Uitterlinden AG, Uusitupa M, Laan SW, Duijn CM, Leeuwen N, van Setten J, Vanhala M, Varbo A, Varga TV, Varma R, Velez Edwards DR, Vermeulen SH, Veronesi G, Vestergaard H, Vitart V, Vogt TF, Völker U, Vuckovic D, Wagenknecht LE, Walker M, Wallentin L, Wang F, Wang CA, Wang S, Wang Y, Ware EB, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Waterworth DM, Wessel J, White HD, Willer CJ, Wilson JG, Witte DR, Wood AR, Wu Y, Yaghootkar H, Yao J, Yao P, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zhou W, Zondervan KT, Rotter JI, Pospisilik JA, Rivadeneira F, Borecki IB, Deloukas P, Frayling TM, Lettre G, North KE, Lindgren CM, Hirschhorn JN, and Loos RJF

Subjects
Adult, Animals, Drosophila genetics, Female, Gene Frequency, Humans, Male, Proteins genetics, Syndrome, Body Mass Index, Energy Intake genetics, Energy Metabolism genetics, Genetic Variation, Obesity genetics
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height.

Author

Marouli E, Graff M, Medina-Gomez C, Lo KS, Wood AR, Kjaer TR, Fine RS, Lu Y, Schurmann C, Highland HM, Rüeger S, Thorleifsson G, Justice AE, Lamparter D, Stirrups KE, Turcot V, Young KL, Winkler TW, Esko T, Karaderi T, Locke AE, Masca NG, Ng MC, Mudgal P, Rivas MA, Vedantam S, Mahajan A, Guo X, Abecasis G, Aben KK, Adair LS, Alam DS, Albrecht E, Allin KH, Allison M, Amouyel P, Appel EV, Arveiler D, Asselbergs FW, Auer PL, Balkau B, Banas B, Bang LE, Benn M, Bergmann S, Bielak LF, Blüher M, Boeing H, Boerwinkle E, Böger CA, Bonnycastle LL, Bork-Jensen J, Bots ML, Bottinger EP, Bowden DW, Brandslund I, Breen G, Brilliant MH, Broer L, Burt AA, Butterworth AS, Carey DJ, Caulfield MJ, Chambers JC, Chasman DI, Chen YI, Chowdhury R, Christensen C, Chu AY, Cocca M, Collins FS, Cook JP, Corley J, Galbany JC, Cox AJ, Cuellar-Partida G, Danesh J, Davies G, de Bakker PI, de Borst GJ, de Denus S, de Groot MC, de Mutsert R, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Demerath EW, den Hollander AI, Dennis JG, Di Angelantonio E, Drenos F, Du M, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Ebeling T, Edwards TL, Ellinor PT, Elliott P, Evangelou E, Farmaki AE, Faul JD, Feitosa MF, Feng S, Ferrannini E, Ferrario MM, Ferrieres J, Florez JC, Ford I, Fornage M, Franks PW, Frikke-Schmidt R, Galesloot TE, Gan W, Gandin I, Gasparini P, Giedraitis V, Giri A, Girotto G, Gordon SD, Gordon-Larsen P, Gorski M, Grarup N, Grove ML, Gudnason V, Gustafsson S, Hansen T, Harris KM, Harris TB, Hattersley AT, Hayward C, He L, Heid IM, Heikkilä K, Helgeland Ø, Hernesniemi J, Hewitt AW, Hocking LJ, Hollensted M, Holmen OL, Hovingh GK, Howson JM, Hoyng CB, Huang PL, Hveem K, Ikram MA, Ingelsson E, Jackson AU, Jansson JH, Jarvik GP, Jensen GB, Jhun MA, Jia Y, Jiang X, Johansson S, Jørgensen ME, Jørgensen T, Jousilahti P, Jukema JW, Kahali B, Kahn RS, Kähönen M, Kamstrup PR, Kanoni S, Kaprio J, Karaleftheri M, Kardia SL, Karpe F, Kee F, Keeman R, Kiemeney LA, Kitajima H, Kluivers KB, Kocher T, Komulainen P, Kontto J, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Kovacs P, Kriebel J, Kuivaniemi H, Küry S, Kuusisto J, La Bianca M, Laakso M, Lakka TA, Lange EM, Lange LA, Langefeld CD, Langenberg C, Larson EB, Lee IT, Lehtimäki T, Lewis CE, Li H, Li J, Li-Gao R, Lin H, Lin LA, Lin X, Lind L, Lindström J, Linneberg A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lophatananon A, Luan J, Lubitz SA, Lyytikäinen LP, Mackey DA, Madden PA, Manning AK, Männistö S, Marenne G, Marten J, Martin NG, Mazul AL, Meidtner K, Metspalu A, Mitchell P, Mohlke KL, Mook-Kanamori DO, Morgan A, Morris AD, Morris AP, Müller-Nurasyid M, Munroe PB, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Nelson CP, Neville M, Nielsen SF, Nikus K, Njølstad PR, Nordestgaard BG, Ntalla I, O'Connel JR, Oksa H, Loohuis LM, Ophoff RA, Owen KR, Packard CJ, Padmanabhan S, Palmer CN, Pasterkamp G, Patel AP, Pattie A, Pedersen O, Peissig PL, Peloso GM, Pennell CE, Perola M, Perry JA, Perry JR, Person TN, Pirie A, Polasek O, Posthuma D, Raitakari OT, Rasheed A, Rauramaa R, Reilly DF, Reiner AP, Renström F, Ridker PM, Rioux JD, Robertson N, Robino A, Rolandsson O, Rudan I, Ruth KS, Saleheen D, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sandow K, Sapkota Y, Sattar N, Schmidt MK, Schreiner PJ, Schulze MB, Scott RA, Segura-Lepe MP, Shah S, Sim X, Sivapalaratnam S, Small KS, Smith AV, Smith JA, Southam L, Spector TD, Speliotes EK, Starr JM, Steinthorsdottir V, Stringham HM, Stumvoll M, Surendran P, 't Hart LM, Tansey KE, Tardif JC, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Thompson DJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thuesen BH, Tönjes A, Tromp G, Trompet S, Tsafantakis E, Tuomilehto J, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Tyrer JP, Uher R, Uitterlinden AG, Ulivi S, van der Laan SW, Van Der Leij AR, van Duijn CM, van Schoor NM, van Setten J, Varbo A, Varga TV, Varma R, Edwards DR, Vermeulen SH, Vestergaard H, Vitart V, Vogt TF, Vozzi D, Walker M, Wang F, Wang CA, Wang S, Wang Y, Wareham NJ, Warren HR, Wessel J, Willems SM, Wilson JG, Witte DR, Woods MO, Wu Y, Yaghootkar H, Yao J, Yao P, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Young R, Zeggini E, Zhan X, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhao W, Zheng H, Zhou W, Rotter JI, Boehnke M, Kathiresan S, McCarthy MI, Willer CJ, Stefansson K, Borecki IB, Liu DJ, North KE, Heard-Costa NL, Pers TH, Lindgren CM, Oxvig C, Kutalik Z, Rivadeneira F, Loos RJ, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Deloukas P, and Lettre G

Subjects
ADAMTS Proteins genetics, Adult, Alleles, Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics, Female, Genome, Human genetics, Glycoproteins genetics, Glycoproteins metabolism, Glycosaminoglycans biosynthesis, Hedgehog Proteins genetics, Humans, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Interferon Regulatory Factors genetics, Interleukin-11 Receptor alpha Subunit genetics, Male, Multifactorial Inheritance genetics, NADPH Oxidase 4, NADPH Oxidases genetics, Phenotype, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A metabolism, Procollagen N-Endopeptidase genetics, Proteoglycans biosynthesis, Proteolysis, Receptors, Androgen genetics, Somatomedins metabolism, Body Height genetics, Gene Frequency genetics, Genetic Variation genetics
Abstract

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height-increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results