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Entrevista realizada por Isabel Sebastião (Portugal – Universidade do Porto), Cristiane Lebler (Brasil – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina) e Dennis Castanheira (Brasil – Universidade Federal Fluminense) com as professoras Leonor Werneck dos Santos (Brasil – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) e Sónia Valente Rodrigues (Portugal – Universidade do Porto). A entrevista abordou as decisões curriculares em Portugal e no Brasil, ações para que o ensino de língua portuguesa amplie mais efetivamente a competência linguística dos estudantes, impactos da pesquisa em ensino da língua portuguesa no desenvolvimento profissional de professores; a perspectiva do ensino centrado em gêneros em livros didáticos de português; a visão instrumental do conhecimento gramatical no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de língua materna, os maiores desafios da pesquisa linguística na formação de professores, o tratamento dos materiais didáticos em relação ao ensino de português como língua materna e não materna.

Apresentação do DOSSIÊ 26 -ENSINO DE PORTUGUÊS: DA LÍNGUA MATERNA À LÍNGUA NÃO MATERNA PORTUGUESE TEACHING: FROM MOTHER LANGUAGE TO NON-MOTHER LANGUAGE

This article discusses the importance of monitoring water quality in public health and use of mathematical modeling to predict environmental impact. For monitoring, the E. coli indicator was chosen, and a one-dimensional hydrodynamic equation was used for mathematical simulation, which was solved using the Crank-Nilcolson method. The results of the mathematical model and developed algorithm were validated according to data from the literature.

The ability to edit an image using intuitive commands and primitives is a desired feature for any image editing software. In this paper, we combine recent results in medial axes with the well-established morphological tree representations to develop an interactive image editing tool that provides global and local image manipulation using high-level primitives. We propose a new way to render interactive morphological trees using icicle plots and introduce different ways of manipulating spline-based medial axis transforms for grayscale and colored image editing. Different applications of the tool, such as watermark removal, image deformation, dataset augmentation for machine learning, artistic illumination manipulation, image rearrangement, and clothing design, are described and showcased on examples.

Objetivo: Lograr la recuperación total en poco tiempo de la funcionalidad y el abordaje correcto de la enfermedad. Caso clínico: El cuidado enfermero corresponde a paciente adulto maduro, con iniciales E. M. D., de 35 años, quien presenta un estado anímico pésimo desde hace 2 meses. Se encuentra con una fuerza muscular conservada y dependencia funcional; posee antecedentes de ansiedad. Al examen físico presenta temperatura de 37,5 °C, SaO2: 94 %, FR: 24 X, FC: 110 X. Su diagnóstico médico fue depresión mayor. Método: Es un estudio de caso único de enfoque cualitativo, se realizó en el área de medicina general, utilizando el marco teórico de valoración de Marjory Gordon y la taxonomía NANDA-NOC-NIC. Resultados: Se logró mejorar su estado anímico a base del tratamiento individualizado y respetando el tiempo oportuno para su recuperación con la finalidad del abordaje correcto de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: En el diagnóstico de desequilibrio nutricional, su puntuación de cambio fue +2. En el diagnóstico trastorno de patrón del sueño, su puntuación de cambio fue +5. En el diagnóstico estilo de vida sedentario, su puntuación de cambio fue +5. En el diagnóstico enfermero baja autoestima, su puntuación de cambio fue +3. En el diagnóstico enfermero aislamiento social, su puntuación de cambio fue +4. Y en el diagnóstico enfermero procesos familiares disfuncionales, su puntuación de cambio fue +4.

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En la actualidad la tecnología impulsa de manera contundente, los cambios en las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMEs) generando un gran impacto en los recursos humanos. Esta breve revisión evalúa las ventajas y desventajas de la tecnología de recursos humanos para apoyar la toma de decisiones y la formación en las PYMEs. En este trabajo, se determinan los conceptos y los factores que lideran las aplicaciones de tecnologías basadas en las TIC’s en recursos humanos para un negocio exitoso, y cómo se pueden aplicar para optimizar la gestión de la fuerza laboral y el proceso de toma de decisiones. Los hallazgos sugieren, que los beneficios percibidos de adoptar tecnologías basadas en las TIC’s, están captando la atención de más PYMEs, incluso en países en desarrollo como Ecuador.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização a modelagem cinética do processo de formação de ácido propiônico (Ac. P) e crescimento de biomassa por K. marxianus, através do modelo de Verhuslt e o modelo de Luedeking-Piret e analisar os resultados durante o processo fermentativo. A levedura utilizada foi a K. marxianus CCT 7735 (UFV3), isolada e armazenada na Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Os componentes do meio foram extrato de levedura, peptona e dextrose. As amostras coletadas de concentração de célula e ácido propiônico foram analisadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com auxílio do software Scilab. Os dados obtidos durante o processo fermentativo foram ajustados e adaptados aos modelos matemáticos. Houve o crescimento celular em condições de aerobiose, onde nessas condições, a velocidade específica de crescimento (µ) foi de 0.0925h- e as constante do modelo Luedeking-Piret foram, β=0,000243 g Ac.P · g biomassa-1 h -1, α = 0,450639 g Ac.P · g biomassa-1. A partir da modelagem matemática teve-se a confirmação de que a formação de produto está parcialmente associada ao crescimento celular da levedura.

This research work aims to identify the prevalent anchors in the professional accounting career using the Schein scale and to describe the prevalent anchors by defining the values, attitudes, aptitudes, skills, and interests. Career anchors are defined by the competence, motivation, and values a person has to perform a particular job in an organization and are present throughout their working life. When determining the soft and hard competencies of the professional profile, universities must consider the career anchors essential for graduates’ work performance. To determine which anchors dominate the competencies of the graduate profile, two universities in Latin America with a degree in accounting were selected. The study was organized in two stages: first, the operationalization of the research was conducted, including the description of the instrument through the application of 40 questions divided into Schein’s eight anchors. Samples were selected based on the convenience of the authors: one university in Peru and another in Colombia. The sample includes all students enrolled in the accounting major, and the data were coded and processed. In the second stage, data analysis was performed by grouping parameters, analysis of variance, explanatory analysis using a test for the best clustering algorithm, statistical testing, and discussion of the findings. The predominant anchors in the two universities are creativity, entrepreneurship, and lifestyle. The selected universities placed considerable emphasis on training future accountants with an innovative spirit, integrity, and social commitment without neglecting the professional requirements. This approach allows students to undertake challenges and new businesses in their field of work.

Entrevista realizada por Isabel Sebastião (Portugal - Universidade do Porto), Cristiane Lebler (Brasil - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina) e Dennis Castanheira (Brasil - Universidade Federal Fluminense) com as professoras Leonor Werneck dos Santos (Brasil - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) e Sónia Valente Rodrigues (Portugal - Universidade do Porto). A entrevista abordou as decisões curriculares em Portugal e no Brasil, ações para que o ensino de língua portuguesa amplie mais efetivamente a competência linguística dos estudantes, impactos da pesquisa em ensino da língua portuguesa no desenvolvimento profissional de professores; a perspectiva do ensino centrado em gêneros textuais em livros didáticos de português; a visão instrumental do conhecimento gramatical no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de língua materna, os maiores desafios da pesquisa linguística na formação de professores, o tratamento dos materiais didáticos em relação ao ensino de português como língua materna e não materna.

The aim of this work was to analyse the chemical diversity of Lantana camara L. essential oils of native populations from Northeast Brazil. A total of 105 plants were collected in twenty-on...

Eplingiella fruticosa is an endemic plant to the coastal region of northeastern Brazil with biological activities with potential as organosynthetic insecticides for control of agricultural and forest pests, such as leaf-cutting ants, belonging to the genus Acromyrmex. This study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity, by fumigation, essential oils of four E. fruticosa genotypes and their major compounds on Acromyrmex balzani workers and the behavioral changes caused to this species when exposed to these compounds. The essential oils used in this work were selected from previous studies and according to chemical grouping. The essential oils from genotypes EPF303 and EPF1103 showed higher mean levels of monoterpenes (43.6%, with camphor and 1,8-cineol as major compounds) in relation to genotypes EPF202 and EPF901 (17.4%). The latter consisted mainly of sesquiterpenes (82.6%, with caryophyllene oxide and β-caryophyllene as major compounds). The essential oils from all E. fruticosa genotypes were toxic to A. balzani workers with concentrations required to cause 50% mortality to the insects ranged from 4.54 to 6.78 μL.L−1. When applied alone, camphor and 1,8-cineol were more potent than essential oils with higher average levels of monoterpenes. Conversely, the major sesquiterpenes (β-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide) were less toxic than essential oils consisting mainly of sesquiterpenes. The treatments used reduced A. balzani survival over the exposure time. The LT50 for all treatments were less than 15 h. The essential oils and their respective major compounds affected the walking behavior and caused repellency to A. balzani workers. The present results showed the potential of E. fruticosa essential oils and their major compounds for the development of new efficient products in the control of A. balzani.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in different regions of the nervous system. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, and the symptoms associated with these pathologies are closely related to the regions that are most affected by the process of neurodegeneration. Despite their high prevalence, currently, there is no cure or disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of these conditions. In the last decades, due to the need for the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, several authors have investigated the neuroprotective actions of naturally occurring molecules, such as resveratrol. Resveratrol is a stilbene found in several plants, including grapes, blueberries, raspberries, and peanuts. Studies have shown that resveratrol presents neuroprotective actions in experimental models of AD and PD, however, its clinical application is limited due to its rapid metabolism and low bioavailability. In this context, studies have proposed that structural changes in the resveratrol molecule, including glycosylation, alkylation, halogenation, hydroxylation, methylation, and prenylation could lead to the development of derivatives with enhanced bioavailability and pharmacological activity. Therefore, this review article aims to discuss how resveratrol derivatives could represent viable molecules in the search for new drugs for the treatment of AD and PD.

The objective of this work was to analyze the content and the chemical diversity of the essential oil (EO) of 22 Eplingiella fruticosa plants collected in Sergipe, Brazil. EOs were obtained from dry leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS-FID. The mean EO contents ranged from 0.75 to 1.28%. The compounds found in greater amounts formed two clusters. The first cluster consisted of 15 plants and presented bicyclogermacrene (6.29-16.24%), spathulenol (7.59-15.23%), β-caryophyllene (5.77-12.97%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.00-11.90%) as major compounds. The second cluster consisted of seven plants and had 1,8-cineole (8.96-15.51%), α-pinene (5.46-13.77%), and camphor (4.08-11.40%) as major compounds. Results indicate chemical variability of the EO among E. fruticosa plants from the state of Sergipe. This information may assist in conservation strategies by providing data for investigation of biological activities of EO.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of basil cultivars and hybrids in two cropping seasons. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications. Twenty-four basil genotypes were tested (20 commercial cultivars and four hybrids), in the dry season (oct.-dec./2015) and in the rainy season (apr.-jun./2016). The evaluated variables were: plant height (cm plant-1), canopy width (cm plant-1), leaf dry weight (g plant-1), and essential oil yield (mL plant-1). The data of each period were subject to analysis of variance and the means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test (p≤0.05). The individual and joint analyses of variance were performed for the experiments in both seasons. The estimated parameters were: coefficient of genetic variation (CVg), coefficient of environmental variation (CVe), CVg/CVe ratio, and heritability (h2). Leaf dry weight values per plant ranged from 6.23 to 75.00 g plant-1 (dry season) and from 9.17 to 31.34 g plant-1 (rainy season). The hybrid Cinnamon x Maria Bonita (1.50 mL plant-1) and the cultivar Mrs. Burns (1.44 mL plant-1) presented higher essential oil yield in the dry season. All the evaluated variables showed high heritability (h2) (> 50%) and CVg/CVe ratio (> 1.0), in both cropping seasons, indicating a favorable condition for selection. The cropping season influences the biomass and essential oil yield of basil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares e híbridos de manjericão em duas épocas de plantio. Para o ensaio, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com trêsrepetições. Foram avaliados 24 genótipos de manjericão, sendo 20 cultivares comerciais e quatro híbridos cultivados na época seca (out.-dez./2015) e chuvosa (abr.-jun./2016). As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura de planta (cm planta-1), largura da copa (cm planta-1), massa seca de folhas (g planta-1) e rendimento (mL planta-1) de óleo essencial. Os dados de cada época foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram agrupadas pelo teste Scott-Knott (p≤0,05). Realizou-se a análise de variância individual e conjunta para os experimentos das duas épocas. Foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: coeficiente de variação genética (CVg), coeficiente de variação ambiental (CVe), razão CVg/CVe e a herdabilidade (h2). As médias deferiram significativamente em relação à época de plantio para a maioria das cultivares. Os valores de massa seca de folha variaram de 6,23 a 75,00 g planta-1 (época seca) e 9,17 a 31,34 g planta-1 (época chuvosa). O híbrido Cinnamon x Maria Bonita (1,50 mL planta-1) e a cultivar Mrs. Burns (1,44 mL planta-1) apresentaram maior rendimento de óleo essencial na época seca. Na época chuvosa foi de 1,29 mL planta-1 (Mrs. Burns). Todos os caracteres avaliados apresentaram alta herdabilidade (h2) (>50%) e razão CVg/CVe(>1,0), nas duas épocas, indicando condição favorável para seleção em um programa de melhoramento. A época de plantio influencia a produção de biomassa e óleo essencial de manjericão.

Tese de mestrado em Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2021 Submitted by Cristina Manessiez (camanessiez@fc.ul.pt) on 2021-06-14T15:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TM_Dennis_Cruz.pdf: 1397878 bytes, checksum: 19905fb284eb6ec70b26006968c2f419 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-14T15:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TM_Dennis_Cruz.pdf: 1397878 bytes, checksum: 19905fb284eb6ec70b26006968c2f419 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Este estudo, fundamentado nos pressupostos da Linguística Funcional Centrada no Uso, busca observar fatores estruturais e pragmático-discursivos relacionados ao processo de focalização no português brasileiro (PB) que estariam presentes em orações passivas produzidas por falantes de inglês como língua estrangeira (EFL). Defendemos que a construção [(X)[VAUX VPP SN]]FOC, presente na rede construcional do falante nativo do PB, entra em choque com a construção [it [V(S)]], presente na rede construcional do inglês, da qual tal falante tem, em geral, menor domínio. Referimo-nos a esse fenômeno como Hipótese do Choque Construcional na Interlíngua (HCCI). A fim de atingirmos o objetivo traçado, analisamos 16 dados extraídos de 150 abstracts de teses e dissertações defendidas por alunos do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (CCS/UFRJ). Dentre os fatores que nortearam a nossa análise, destacamos a extensão, a definitude e o status informacional do SN, o tipo de elemento X licenciado pela construção e o tipo de focalização (argumental ou sentencial). Os resultados apontam para a tendência de uso da construção [(X)[VAUXVPPSN]]FOC mais relacionado ao papel de perspectivização de SNs, foco argumental, seguindo padrões de informatividade e extensão condizentes com achados de pesquisas anteriores.

Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B. Pastore, ex Hyptis fruticosa Salzm. ex Benth. is an aromatic and medicinal plant of the family Lamiaceae, found mainly in regions with intense anthropic activity. Information on the genetic diversity of this species is scarce. However, it can be assessed using molecular markers that identify the level of diversity among phenotypically identical individuals. The present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of a native population of E. fruticosa from the State of Sergipe using ISSR molecular markers. Samples of 100 plants were collected in 11 municipalities of the State of Sergipe and analyzed using eight ISSR primers, resulting in 72 informative bands. The cluster analysis obtained using the neighbor joining method resulted in three groups: Group I consisted of 50 plants, mainly from the municipalities of Areia Branca, Estância, Japaratuba, Moita Bonita, Pirambu, and Salgado; Group II was formed by 21 plants, with nine representatives from the municipality of Itaporanga d’Ajuda and 13 representatives from other municipalities; Group III was composed by 29 plants, being represented mainly by the municipalities of Malhada dos Bois and Sao Cristovao. The smallest genetic distance occurred between plants EPF94 and EPF96 (0.250), and the greatest distance occurred between plants EPF50 and EPF96 (0.9778). The Shannon index had a mean value of 0.42, and diversity was considered moderate. Heterozygosity had a mean value of 0.267 and was considered low. Polymorphic information content (0.253) was considered moderately informative. Genetic diversity of E. fruticosa plants was intermediate, and the results of the present study can assist in the conservation and use of the genetic resources of this species.

New polymorphic SSR markers in sugarcane has potential usefulness to studies genetic diversity, genetic mapping, DNA fingerprinting and determination offspring as true hybrids, selfing or contaminant in germplasm from breeding program. SSR markers can be obtained in several ways, and the search for SSR-EST sequences an alternative with significant results. The aim of this study was to develop highly polymorphic SSR markers for germplasm studies in sugarcane. Di- tri- and tetra-nucleotide sequences were mined in the TGI bank and 53 EST-SSR markers developed. These markers were analyzed in five genotypes and showed to be highly polymorphic, with the PIC ranging between 0.48 and 0.95 with a mean of 0.86. The discriminatory power ranged from 0.35 to 0.94 with a mean of 0.82 and the genetic similarity was high in the accessions evaluated.

Importance Variability in the metrics for image acquisition at the total body, regional, close-up, and dermoscopic levels impacts the quality and generalizability of skin images. Consensus guidelines are indicated to achieve universal imaging standards in dermatology. Objective To achieve consensus among members of the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) on standards for image acquisition metrics using a hybrid Delphi method. Evidence Review Delphi study with 5 rounds of ratings and revisions until relative consensus was achieved. The initial set of statements was developed by a core group (CG) on the basis of a literature review and clinical experience followed by 2 rounds of rating and revisions. The consensus process was validated by an extended group (EG) of ISIC members through 2 rounds of scoring and revisions. In all rounds, respondents rated the draft recommendations on a 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) scale, explained ratings of less than 5, and optionally provided comments. At any stage, a recommendation was retained if both mean and median rating was 4 or higher. Results The initial set of 45 items (round 1) was expanded by the CG to 56 variants in round 2, subsequently reduced to 42 items scored by the EG in round 3, yielding an EG set of 33 recommendations (rounds 4 and 5): general recommendation (1 guideline), lighting (5), background color (3), field of view (3), image orientation (8), focus/depth of field (3), resolution (4), scale (3), color calibration (2), and image storage (1). Conclusions and Relevance This iterative process of ratings and comments yielded a strong consensus on standards for skin imaging in dermatology practice. Adoption of these methods for image standardization is likely to improve clinical practice, information exchange, electronic health record documentation, harmonization of clinical studies and database development, and clinical decision support. Feasibility and validity testing under real-world clinical conditions is indicated.

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy allows for noninvasive, in vivo visualization of retinal abnormalities at a cellular level. We herein describe for the first time, to our knowledge, the utility of high-resolution retinal imaging in studying the photoreceptor mosaic in an otherwise unexplained visual disturbance. Imaging of the cone mosaic was performed in a 64-year-old man with a unilateral ringlike paracentral distortion that could not be explained using common clinical imaging instruments. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy findings revealed a parafoveal circular abnormality of the cone mosaic approximately 3 degrees in diameter that corresponded to the ring of visual disturbance. Visualization of the cone mosaic with adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy can reveal photoreceptor damage that may not be detectable with standard imaging devices. Optical axial sectioning of the retina may help in identifying and localizing abnormalities within the retinal layers.

Several high-contrast imaging systems are currently under construction to enable the detection of extra-solar planets. In order for these systems to achieve their objectives, however, there is considerable developmental work and testing which must take place. Given the need to perform these tests, a spatially-filtered Shack-Hartmann adaptive optics system has been assembled to evaluate new algorithms and hardware configurations which will be implemented in these future high-contrast imaging systems. In this article, construction and phase measurements of a membrane 'woofer' mirror are presented. In addition, results from closed-loop operation of the assembled testbed with static phase plates are presented. The testbed is currently being upgraded to enable operation at speeds approaching 500 hz and to enable studies of the interactions between the woofer and tweeter deformable mirrors.

Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopes have been used to produce noninvasive views of the human retina. However, the range of aberration compensation has been limited by the choice of deformable mirror technology. We demonstrate that the use of dual deformable mirrors can effectively compensate large aberrations in the human eye while maintaining the quality of the retinal imagery. We verified experimentally that the use of dual deformable mirrors improved the dynamic range for correction of the wavefront aberrations compared with the use of the micro-electro-mechanical-system mirror alone and improved the quality of the wavefront correction compared with the use of the bimorph mirror alone. We also demonstrated that the large-stroke bimorph deformable mirror improved the capability for axial sectioning with the confocal imaging system by providing an easier way to move the focus axially through different layers of the retina.

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopes with adaptive optics (AOSLO) have been shown previously to provide a noninvasive, cellular-scale view of the living human retina. However, the clinical utility of these systems has been limited by the available deformable mirror technology. In this paper, we demonstrate that the use of dual deformable mirrors can effectively compensate large aberrations in the human retina, making the AOSLO system a viable, non-invasive, high-resolution imaging tool for clinical diagnostics. We used a bimorph deformable mirror to correct low-order aberrations with relatively large amplitudes. The bimorph mirror is manufactured by Aoptix, Inc. with 37 elements and 18 mm stroke in a 10 mm aperture. We used a MEMS deformable mirror to correct high-order aberrations with lower amplitudes. The MEMS mirror is manufactured by Boston Micromachine, Inc with 144 elements and 1.5 mm stroke in a 3 mm aperture. We have achieved near diffraction-limited retina images using the dual deformable mirrors to correct large aberrations up to ±3D of defocus and ±3D of cylindrical aberrations with test subjects. This increases the range of spectacle corrections by the AO systems by a factor of 10, which is crucial for use in the clinical environment. This ability for large phase compensation can eliminate accurate refractive error fitting for the patients, which greatly improves the system ease of use and efficiency in the clinical environment.

Laboratory breadboard results of a high-speed adaptive-optics system are presented. The wave-front sensor for the adaptive-optics system is based on a quadrature interferometer, which directly measures the turbulence-induced phase aberrations. The spatial light modulator used in the phase-conjugate engine was a microelectromechanical systems-based piston-only correction device with 1024 actuators. Laboratory experiments were conducted with this system utilizing Kolmogorov phase screens to simulate atmospheric phase distortions. The adaptive-optics system achieved correction speeds in excess of 800 Hz and Strehl ratios greater than 0.5 with the Kolmogorov phase screens.

This article investigates the use of a multi-conjugate adaptive optics system to improve the field-of-view for the system. The emphasis of this research is to develop techniques to improve the performance of optical systems with applications to horizontal imaging. The design and wave optics simulations of the proposed system are given. Preliminary results from the multi-conjugate adaptive optics system are also presented. The experimental system utilizes a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator and an interferometric wave-front sensor for correction and sensing of the phase aberrations, respectively.

Horizontal path correction of optical beam propagation presents a severe challenge to adaptive optics systems due to the short transverse coherence length and the high degree of scintillation incurred by propagation along these paths. The system presented operates with nearly monochromatic light. It does not require a global reconstruction of the phase, thereby eliminating issues with branch points and making its performance relatively unaffected by scintillation. The systems pixel count, 1024, and relatively high correction speed, in excess of 800 Hz, enable its use for correction of horizontal path beam propagation. We present results from laboratory and field tests of the system in which we have achieved Strehl ratios greater than 0.5.

Results of atmospheric propagation for a high-speed, large-actuator-number adaptive optics system are presented. The system uses a microelectromechanical system- (MEMS-) based spatial light modulator correction device with 1024 actuators. Tests over a 1.35-km path achieved correction speeds in excess of 800 Hz and Strehl ratios close to 0.5. The wave-front sensor was based on a quadrature interferometer that directly measures phase. This technique does not require global wave-front reconstruction, making it relatively insensitive to scintillation and phase residues. The results demonstrate the potential of large-actuator-number MEMS-based spatial light modulators to replace conventional deformable mirrors.