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Heart failure affects most systems of the body and causes various problems in patients. Balance deficits and gait deviations can be a result of these effects. There is little information in the literature about balance and gait parameters in chronic heart failure (CHF). This study aimed to investigate balance abnormalities together with gait deficits for possible associations in patients with CHF and compare them to healthy controls.Twenty-two (22) patients with CHF (59±2.5 years) and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (59.4±6.8 years) participated in the study. This study is a cross-sectional/comparison study. Balance was evaluated using the Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) balance battery, which includes the timed up-and-go test (TUG) and dual-task TUG. Gait analysis was performed using a Biodex Gait Trainer. Peripheral muscle strength (quadriceps muscle and handgrip strength) was assessed using a hand dynamometer and exercise capacity using the six-minute walk test (6MWT).The CHF patients had significantly lower Mini-BESTest total, reactive postural control, and gait stability scores, significantly longer TUG/dual-task TUG time, and lower ABC score compared to the healthy control group (p0.05). Chronic heart failure patients also showed significantly lower gait speed, stride length, gait cycle and step length (p0.05). Dominant-side quadriceps muscle and handgrip strength and 6MWT distance were significantly reduced in CHF (p0.05). Anticipatory postural adjustments and sensory orientation did not differ between groups.Our study demonstrated impaired balance and gait performance and reduced muscle strength and exercise capacity in patients with CHF. Cardiac rehabilitation including balance and walking training should be planned for CHF patients to eliminate balance disorders, gait impairment and prevent falls in this patient group.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) impairs pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and exercise capacity. We aimed to investigate the effects of active video games (AVGs) on pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, muscle oxygenation (SMO

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the upper extremity exercise capacity and activities of daily living (ADLs) in individuals with bronchiectasis and controls. Methods Twenty-four individuals with bronchiectasis and 24 healthy controls were assessed for upper extremity exercise capacity (6-minute pegboard and ring test [6PBRT]) and ADLs (Glittre ADL test). Energy expenditure was measured using a wearable metabolic monitor during the Glittre ADL test. Results The mean 6PBRT score of individuals with bronchiectasis was significantly lower than the mean score of controls (196.50 [SD = 51.75] versus 243.00 [SD = 29.76] number of rings). The Glittre ADL test duration was significantly higher in individuals with bronchiectasis compared with controls (3.54 [SD = 1.53] versus 2.36 [SD = 0.18] min), despite similar energy expenditure during the Glittre ADL test between the groups (17.67 [SD = 5.28] kcal in individuals with bronchiectasis versus 18.13 [SD = 5.71] kcal in controls). The 6PBRT score and the Glittre ADL test duration were negatively correlated in individuals with bronchiectasis (r = −0.694). Conclusions The individuals with bronchiectasis had reduced upper extremity exercise capacity compared with healthy controls. Energy expenditure during ADLs was similar between individuals with bronchiectasis and healthy controls, despite lower ADL performance in individuals with bronchiectasis. The upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs are related in individuals with bronchiectasis. Given the relationship between upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs in bronchiectasis, inclusion of upper extremity exercise training to pulmonary rehabilitation programs should be considered. Impact Considering the impairment of upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs in individuals with bronchiectasis highlights the necessity to tailor preventive strategies and preclude further unfavorable effects. Lay Summary Bronchiectasis may cause deterioration in upper extremity exercise capacity and ADLs. The assessment of upper exercise capacity and ADLs by physical therapists in individuals with bronchiectasis may be useful for designing comprehensive rehabilitation programs and thus the management of bronchiectasis.

Amaç: Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) erkeklerde kadınlardan daha yaygın görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada OUAS tanısı almış kadın ve erkek hastalarda elektromyografik respiratuar kas fonksiyonu, solunum kas kuvveti, solunum fonksiyonları ve egzersiz kapasitenin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 19 OUAS olgusu (yaş ortalaması=54,68±13,15 yıl, 10 E, 9 K) dahil edildi. Apne/hipopne indeksi (AHİ) ve en düşük oksijen satürasyonu (SpO2) değerleri kaydedildi. Solunum fonksiyon testinde birinci saniyedeki zorlu ekspirasyon volümü (FEV1) ve zorlu vital kapasite (FVC) değerleri kaydedildi. Maksimal inspiratuar basınç (MIP) ve maksimal ekspiratuar basınç (MEP) ölçüldü. Respiratuar kas fonksiyonu, diyafragma yüzeyel elektromiyografi (EMGdi) ve sternoklediomasteoid elektromiyografi (EMGskm) ölçümleri ile değerlendirildi. Altı dakika yürüme testi ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) uygulandı. Bulgular: Erkek OUAS hastalarının FEV1, FVC, %MIP, MEP, EMGdi, EMGskm ve 6DYT mesafesi değerleri kadın olgulardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p

Abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in cystic fibrosis (CF) affects lung function and clinical parameters, including aerobic fitness. However, its effects on physical activity level (PAL), anaerobic power (AP), and muscle strength (MS) in children and adolescents are unknown.To investigate aerobic fitness, PAL, AP, and MS in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate CF and AGT.The study included children and adolescents with CF aged 10-18 years. Participants underwent a pulmonary function test, quadriceps, and handgrip MS measurement, vertical jump test to assess AP, and six-minute walk test (6MWT) to assess aerobic fitness. Bouchard's Three-Day Physical Activity record was used to determine PAL.Height z-score (p = .006), 6MWT (p = .024), handgrip (p = .028), quadriceps MS (p = .044), and AP (p = .036) were significantly lower in AGT (n = 21) than normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 19). In the AGT group, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEVMeasures of aerobic fitness, MS, and AP are lower in AGT, but after adjusting for height and FEV

Background For generations, cigarette smoking has presented an important public health concern. This study aimed to compare the health-promoting behavior, exercise capacity, physical activity level, health literacy, and knowledge level of smoking-related diseases between smokers and non-smokers. Methods The study included 71 smokers (mean age, 32.69±8.55 years) and 72 non-smokers (mean age, 31.88±9.94 years) between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Assessments included a 6-minute walking test (6MWT), Godin Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), Cardiovascular Risk Factors Knowledge Level Scale (CARRF-KL), Asthma/COPD Awareness Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref questionnaire (WHOQoL-Bref [TR]), and Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ). Results The results from the study show that the number of coronary artery disease risk factors measured significantly higher among the smoker group members when compared to that of the non-smoker group members (p=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower %6MWT distance than non-smokers (84.83±4.72 and 93.45±7.16, respectively; p0.05). Additionally, while only forty-one smokers (57.7%) were active, 48 of the non-smoker group was active (66.7%). Conclusion Smokers suffer greater negative effects to their exercise capacity in comparison to non-smokers. Although smokers and non-smokers have similar levels of health literacy and similar levels of knowledge about cardiovascular disease risk factors and obstructive lung diseases, health professionals could continue to further increase individuals’ awareness of smoking-related risk factors and continue to emphasize the importance of physical activity and exercise for protecting cardiopulmonary health.

Purpose: Limited number of studies investigated the effects of Electrostatic powder paints (EPP) on human health. We investigated the effects of EPP exposure on lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life, and the factors determining exercise capacity in EPP workers. Methods: Fifty-four male EPP workers and 54 age-matched healthy male individuals (control group) were included. Lung function and respiratory muscle strength were measured. The lower limit of normal (LLN) cut-points for FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were calculated. An EPT was used to evaluate bronchial hyperactivity. The handgrip and quadriceps muscle strength were evaluated using a hand-held dynamometer. An ISWT was used to determine exercise capacity. The physical activity level was questioned using the IPAQ. The SGRQ and NHP were used to assessing respiratory specific and general quality of life, respectively. Results: Duration of work, FEV1, MIP, handgrip strength, and ISWT distance were significantly lower, and the change in FEV1 after EPT and %HRmax were significantly higher in the EPP group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There were no subjects with a < LLN for FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in both groups. In the EPP group, ISWT distance was significantly related to age, height, duration of work, FEV1, change in FEV1 after EPT, MIP, MEP, handgrip strength, IPAQ, SGRQ, and NHP total scores (p < 0.05). The change in FEV1 after EPT, MIP, and duration of work explained % 62 of the variance in the ISWT distance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Changes in lung function based on LLN for the FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were not clinically relevant in EPP workers. Exercise capacity is impaired in EPP workers. Degree of exercise-induced bronchospasm, inspiratory muscle strength, and duration of work are the determinants of exercise capacity in EPP workers. No sponsor

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Recovery from pneumonia takes around 3–6 months in individuals with severe COVID-19. In order to detect the isolated damage caused by COVID-19, the 6-month period must pass after the recoveries. However, to our knowledge, no published study analyzes a comprehensive evaluation of individuals with severe COVID-19 after 6 months. We aimed to evaluate long-term consequences of severe COVID patients by comparing respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, fatigue, and balance 6 months after the intensive care unit (ICU) discharge with healthy individuals. Method: 26 post-COVID adult patients and 26 healthy individuals (control group) were included in this study. Physical characteristics of both groups and patients’ ICU data, including APACHE II scores, were recorded. Lung function, respiratory, and peripheral muscle strength were measured. The lower limit of normal (LLN) cutoff points for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were calculated. A 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was used to assess functional capacity. Time Up and Go test (TUG) with a stadiometer was performed for balance evaluation. Quality of life was evaluated using Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: Percent predicted FVC and FEV1, 6MWT distance, change in oxygen saturation (SpO2) during 6MWT, were lower and NHP, SGRQ, FSS scores and TUG findings were higher in the COVID group than the control group (p < 0.05). The FVC of nine individuals and the FEV1 value of seven individuals in the COVID-19 group were below the LLN values. A moderate correlation was found between ICU length of stay and APACHE II scores with FVC, FEV1, 6MWT distance, and change in SpO2 values in the COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Respiratory function, functional capacity, quality of life, and fatigue levels of the individuals with severe COVID-19 infection are impaired at 6 months after ICU discharge. Impaired lung function might be associated with severe inflammation, which starts during the acute infection process and the fibrous tissue during the healing process, impairing lung compliance and diffusion capacity. Infiltration of coronavirus and inflammatory cytokines into the cerebrum and muscle might have increased fatigue and decreased functional capacity. Overall, our study suggests that severe COVID patients need post-discharge care even after 6 months of recovery.

Amaç: Akut solunum yetmezliği (ASY) sürecinde kas zayıflığı gelişimi sıktır. Bu çalışmanda yoğun bakımda ASY nedeni ile tek başına standart medikal tedavi (SMT) ve SMT’ye ek olarak noninvaziv mekanik ventilasyon (NIV) uygulanan olgularda kas kuvveti ve fonksiyonel bağımsızlığı karşılaştırılmak amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya ASY ile izlenen 32 olgu (19 NIV ve 13 SMT) dahil edildi. Olguların özellikleri kaydedildi. Periferal kas kuvveti için Medical Research Council Skalası (MRC) kullanıldı ve el kavrama kuvveti ölçüldü. Fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeyi Barthel İndeksi (Bİ) ile değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: NIV grubunda proksimal kas kuvveti (omuz abduktorleri) distal ekstremite kas kuvvetinden (el bileği ekstansorleri) anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p=0,030). Her iki grupta, proksimal alt ekstremite kas kuvveti (kalça fleksiyonu), distal ekstremite kas kuvveti (ayak bileği)’nden anlamlı olarak daha azdı (p=0,002). NIV grubunun Bİ toplam puanı SMT grubundan anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p=0,016). Bİ puanı, MRC toplam puanı (r=0,633) ve el kavrama kuvveti (r=0,629) ile ilişkiliydi (p, Purpose: Development of muscle weakness is common in the course of acute respiratory failure (ARF). This study aimed to compare muscle strength and physical function in subjects with ARF undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) added to standard medical treatment (SMT) and SMT only in the intensive care unit. Methods: Thirty-two subjects with ARF (19 NIV and 13 SMT) were included. Subject characteristics were recorded. Peripheral muscle strength was measured using the Medical Research Council Scale (MRC) and handgrip strength. Functional independence was evaluated using the Barthel Index (BI). Results: In the NIV group, proximal muscle strength (shoulder abduction) was significantly lower than distal limb strength (wrist extension) (p=0.030). In both groups, proximal lower limb strength (hip flexion) was also significantly lower than distal limb strength (ankle dorsiflexion) (p=0.002). The BI total score was significantly lower in the NIV group than that of the SMT group (p=0.016). The BI score was significantly related to the MRC sum score (r=0.633) and handgrip strength (r=0.629, p

INTRODUCTION A prolonged mismatch between the demand for respiratory muscle work and the capacity to meet that demand in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can result in symptoms of dyspnea and the development of muscle fatigue. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare two different respiratory muscle endurance assessment methods of sustainable inspiratory pressure (SIP) and incremental threshold loading (ITL) in COPD. METHODS Thirty-four patients diagnosed with COPD were included in the study. Physical and demographic characteristics of the subjects were recorded. Pulmonary function testing (PFT), modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test, inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength (MIP and MEP, respectively) measurement and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were used to assess subjects. Two different respiratory muscle endurance tests (SIP and ITL) were performed within 48 hours apart, and each test was repeated two times on the same day. RESULTS There was no correlation between the SIP and ITL tests (r = 0.069, P = .699). According to the test-retest reliability analysis, both tests were reproducible (ICC = 0.843; P < .001 for SIP, ICC = 0.905; P < .001 for ITL). Finding no differences between repeated tests showed that tests are not affected by learning effect. CONCLUSION The SIP and ITL tests are used for the same purpose but have different characteristics. Regarding the relationship between the other parameters and tests, the ITL is well tolerated and reflects the differences in respiratory muscle endurance better.

BACKGROUND General movements (GMs) in infants occur as fidgety movements (FMs) between postterm 9 and 20 weeks. We aimed to evaluate FMs and motor repertoire in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their relation with clinical findings. METHODS Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. FMs and motor repertoire were analyzed from a 5-min video recording of each infant. Videos were rated based on the Prechtl General Movement Assessment and motor optimality score (MOS) was calculated. RESULTS The analysis included 18 infants with CF and 20 healthy infants at postterm age of 3-5 months. MOS was significantly lower in the infants with CF compared to controls (p

Objective Extrapulmonary involvement such as balance and reaction time is unclear in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) and dynamic balance in children with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy children. Design/methods Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. All children were evaluated with pulmonary function test (PFT) using a spirometer, incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) for exercise capacity, Fitlight Trainer for VMRT, and functional reach test (FRT) for dynamic balance. Results Fourteen children with CF (10.71 ± 2.94 years, 7 females), 17 children with non-CF bronchiectasis (12.75 ± 2.81 years, 8 females), and 21 healthy children (11.36 ± 3.28 years, 11 females) were included. Children with CF had longer total VMRT (P = .027), poorer FRT performance (P = .001), and shorter ISWT distances (P = .03) compared to the children with non-CF bronchiectasis and controls. Although total VMRT was longest in the CF group, there was no significant difference in mean VMRT among the CF, non-CF bronchiectasis, and control groups (P > .05). Conclusion Dynamic balance and VMRT show greater impairment in children with CF than in children with non-CF bronchiectasis compared to healthy controls. Our findings suggest that VMRT and dynamic balance should be taken into consideration for assessments and exercise programs in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Children with heart diseases have reduced physical activity (PA) levels relative to their peers, which in turn increases cardiovascular risk. To the best of our knowledge, physical fitness and objectively measured PA levels have not been previously studied in children with pacemakers. We evaluated PA levels and physical fitness in pediatric pacemaker patients compared to their healthy peers. Twenty-eight pediatric patients with pacemakers (15 female, 13 male; mean age 13.43 ± 3.68 years) and 24 healthy subjects (14 female, 10 male; mean age 13.08 ± 3.67 years) were included. Physical fitness was assessed using the Munich Fitness Test (MFT). SenseWear Armband metabolic Holter device was used to record the PA for 7 consecutive days. MFT total and sub-parameter scores were significantly lower in the patient group (p 0.05). Patients' total and active energy expenditure, PA level, total distance, number of steps, and vigorous PA were significantly lower than those of healthy children (p 0.05). Sedentary activity and light, moderate, and very vigorous PA durations were similar in both groups (p 0.05). Duration of mean moderate to vigorous PA was higher than 60 min/day recommended in PA guidelines in both patients and healthy subjects. These results provide initial data on PA and fitness in children with pacemakers and suggest that physical fitness and activity levels in children with pacemakers are lower than in healthy peers. Appropriate exercise programs may improve PA levels in pediatric pacemaker patients. Awareness of the importance of PA should be raised among the parents and families of these children.

Background The 6 min pegboard and ring test (6PBRT) is a valid and reproducible test of unsupported arm exercise endurance. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between the 6PBRT, activities of daily living (ADL) and hemoglobin levels in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods This study included 40 stable patients with COPD. All participants underwent the 6PBRT, peripheral venous blood sampling, arm ergometer test and the Glittre-ADL and ADL simulation tests for the ADLs performance. Results An average 172.51 +/- 25.94 rings were moved in 6 min. The number of rings in 6PBRT was significantly positively correlated with the number of cycles in ADL simulation test (r = 0.553, p < 0.001), peak oxygen consumption in arm ergometer (r = 0.381, p = 0.024) and serum hemoglobin level (r = 0.411, p = 0.011). Conclusion The number of rings moved in the 6PBRT is associated with ADL simulation test performance that reflects upper extremity ADLs. Therefore, the 6PBRT can be used for estimating limitation in upper extremity ADLs as a simple and quick evaluation in patients with GOLD stage II-III COPD.

A few studies have implied that patients with bronchiectasis have a more inactive lifestyle than healthy counterparts do. The main objective of this study was to compare physical activity (PA) levels subjectively and objectively between patients with bronchiectasis and healthy individuals using an accelerometer and a questionnaire.The study included 41 patients with bronchiectasis aged 18-65 years and 35 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects. The PA level was assessed objectively using a multisensorial PA monitor, the SenseWear Armband (SWA), and subjectively with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). All participants performed the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) for the assessment of exercise capacity. Pulmonary function, dyspnea, severity of bronchiectasis, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and quality of life were assessed.The pulmonary function test parameters, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, step count, moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA duration were significantly lower in patients with bronchiectasis than in the healthy control group (p 0.05). Sedentary, moderate, vigorous, and total PA duration measured using the SWA were higher than those obtained using the IPAQ (p 0.05).Patients with bronchiectasis have a reduced PA level compared with healthy counterparts. The IPAQ (based on the subjective estimation of PA) outcomes differed from the SWA outcomes, reinforcing the necessity for a disease-specific PA questionnaire. IPAQ underestimates the physical activity level compared with objective measurements.

The decline in ambulatory activities and negative alterations in gait characteristics may impair balance and increase fall risk in obstructive lung diseases. Few studies have evaluated balance and gait parameters in individuals with bronchiectasis.This study aimed to compare the gait parameters and functional balance in individuals with non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and healthy subjects.This cross-sectional and retrospective study analyzed data from 22 individuals with non-CF bronchiectasis and 32 healthy controls recorded between July 2019 and July 2020. Functional balance was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Gait parameters were evaluated using the Biodex Gait Trainer. Step cycle (s), gait speed (m/s), the number of steps per minute, and ambulation index were measured for 6 min.Results The TUG time (s) was significantly longer (p = .019, effect size = 0.66), and gait speed (m/s) (p ˂ 0.001, effect size = 2.47), step cycle (s) (p ˂ 0.001, effect size = 2.23), and ambulation index (p ˂ 0.001, effect size = 2.56) were significantly reduced in individuals with non-CF bronchiectasis compared with healthy controls.Non-CF bronchiectasis is related to unfavorable changes in gait characteristics, such as slower gait speed and the decreased average step cycle. In addition, impairment in functional balance and mobility exists in a small percentage of adults with non-CF bronchiectasis. In comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation, balance and gait evaluations should be included to prevent falls in adults with non-CF bronchiectasis.

Hypoglycaemia is a serious complication of exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to test energy expenditure and the degree of the glucose-lowering effect of different exercise modalities.Cross-sectional study PARTICIPANTS: This study included 44 patients {35 women and nine men, mean age 51 [standard deviation (SD) 5] years} with T2DM [mean HbA1c 7% (SD 1%)].Standardised exercise tests for walking, running and cycling were performed using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), and symptom-limited maximal cycle exercise test, respectively. Energy expenditure was assessed with a multisensory accelerometer. Change in capillary glucose levels (∆glucose) was measured before and after each exercise modality.∆Glucose was lower in the 6MWT {median 14 [interquartile range (IQR) 22] mg/dl} than in the ISWT [median 18 (IQR 23) mg/dl; median difference 7 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference 3-11] and the cycle test [median 18 (IQR 24) mg/dl; median difference 7 mg/dl, 95% CI 0-16]. Energy expenditure was lower during the 6MWT [median 41 (IQR 18) Kcal] compared with the ISWT [median 51 (IQR 23) Kcal; median difference 11 Kcal, 95% CI 6-16] and the cycle test [median 44 (IQR 25) Kcal; median difference 6 Kcal, 95% CI 0-13].Energy expenditure and corresponding glucose-lowering effect during exercise in patients with T2DM can be predicted from the results of an exercise test. The type of exercise is related to the risk of hypoglycaemia. Walking is associated with the lowest energy expenditure and risk of hypoglycaemia, while cycling and running/jogging cause higher energy expenditure and greater reductions in glucose in patients with T2DM. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PAPER.

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, hereditary, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to retrospectively compare pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and activities of daily living (ADLs) between patients with PCD and healthy controls. METHODS Data from 20 patients with PCD and 20 matched, healthy counterparts recorded between July 2015 and January 2017 were analyzed. The data evaluated and recorded included pulmonary function (using a portable spirometer), respiratory muscle strength (using a mouth pressure device), exercise capacity (using the incremental shuttle walk test [ISWT]), physical fitness (using the Munich Fitness Test [MFT]), and ADLs (using the Glittre ADL test). RESULTS Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, ISWT scores (all parameters), and total MFT scores were lower in the PCD group relative to controls (P < 0.05). The duration to complete the Glittre ADL test was higher in PCD patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and ADL were affected by PCD. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation regimens should be tailored according to these impacts.

Recent reports have identified pain as a comorbidity in obstructive lung diseases, but data regarding pain in certain obstructive lung diseases such as COPD and bronchiectasis vs. healthy controls and differences in pain between these chronic lung diseases are limited.The primary aim of this study was to compare pain sensitivity, postural abnormalities, and functional balance in patients with COPD/bronchiectasis vs. healthy controls. The secondary aim was to evaluate differences in these parameters between two different lung diseases (COPD and bronchiectasis).Twenty-nine patients with moderate to severe COPD/bronchiectasis and 31 healthy age/gender-matched individuals participated in the study. Pain sensitivity was assessed with an algometer. Postural abnormalities were analyzed from the lateral and posterior view. Functional balance was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG).Significantly more patients reported pain compared to the healthy controls (89.7% vs. 19.4%, respectively) (p 0.05). The pressure pain thresholds of the trapezius and deltoid muscles and pain tolerance of the pectoralis major muscle were significantly lower in patients compared to healthy subjects (p 0.05). Total and posterior posture scores and TUG time were significantly higher in patients compared to the control group (p 0.05).This study showed that pain perception, severity, and sensitivity are increased in patients with COPD or bronchiectasis compared to the healthy population. These patients also have more severe postural abnormalities and functional balance impairment than the healthy population.

Kartagener’s syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disease, which is characterized by a triad of chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus. In this report, we aimed to represent the effect of aerobic exercise training in addition to chest physiotherapy in an outpatient with Kartagener’s syndrome. An 18-year-old female diagnosed with Kartagener’s syndrome applied with the complaints of productive cough and dyspnea with exertion and attended pulmonary rehabilitation program comprising exercise training in addition to standard treatment. Aerobic exercise training was performed three times weekly at 80% of the peak heart rate, for 8 weeks as supervised sessions. Respiratory physiotherapy and postural exercises were taught to the patient to be performed at home each day of the week. Before and after pulmonary rehabilitation program, incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) was performed; dyspnea and fatigue were assessed using Borg Scale. Pulmonary function test was evaluated using spirometer. The patient wore activity monitor for 7 consecutive days before and after training. After pulmonary rehabilitation program, 90-m increase in ISWT was observed. We recommend exercise training in patients with Kartagener’s syndrome to increase exercise capacity. Further randomized control trial is needed to clarify the effects.

The 6-minute pegboard and ring test (6PBRT) is a test of upper-extremity functional capacity designed for and validated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the 6PBRT in asthma patients.Thirty-four adults (30 women, 4 men) with well-controlled asthma were included. Unsupported upper-extremity exercise capacity was assessed using 6PBRT, maximal arm exercise capacity using an arm ergometer, handgrip strength using a hand dynamometer, activities of daily living with the London Chest Activities of Daily Living Scale (LCADL), Milliken ADL scale (MAS) and health-related quality of life using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI).The 6PBRT showed moderate to excellent test-retest reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.872 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.702-0.941]. The 6PBRT was reproducible according to Bland-Altman analysis, with upper and lower limits of agreement of 53.51 and -25.08 rings moved, respectively. The 6PBRT score was significantly correlated with maximum workload (The 6PBRT can be used as a valid and reliable test to evaluate functional arm exercise capacity in patients with well-controlled asthma.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS) has recently been developed for functional outcomes of COVID-19 upon discharge and in long term. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity properties of the Turkish version of the PCFS in Turkish post-COVID-19 patients with hospitalized and non-hospitalized during infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred participants with post-COVID-19 were included in this cross-sectional study. Test-retest reliability of the Turkish version of PCFS assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach?s alpha was calculated for internal consistency. For construct validity, correlation coefficients between the Turkish version of PCFS developed by translation-back translation method and Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (MMRC), London Chest Activities of Daily Living Scale (LCADL), Barthel Index (BI) were analyzed. RESULTS: For test-retest reliability analysis, ICC ranged between 0.734 and 0.880. The total ICC score was 0.821, indicating excellent reliability. The Cronbach?s alpha value of the PCFS test and retest scores were recorded as 0.821 indicating that the scale is quite reliable. The PCFS score was moderately correlated with the MMRC score (r=0.534, p

Information on the interaction between frailty and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is limited.This study aimed to compare activities of daily living (ADL), exercise capacity, balance, and cognition in COPD patients with and without frailty.Twenty frail and 28 non-frail COPD patients aged 55 years and over were included. Frailty was determined according to Fried et al. Dyspnea was evaluated using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale. Respiratory and peripheral muscle strength were measured. Functional capacity was assessed using a 6-min walk test (6MWT); ADL performance was evaluated using the Glittre ADL test. The balance was evaluated using the functional reach test (FRT). Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Evaluation (MoCA) Test. Quality of life was measured using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT).The mMRC and CAT scores were higher in the frail patients as compared with the non-frail patients (p0.05). The maximal inspiratory pressure, handgrip strength, 6MWT distance, and FRT score were lower in the frail patients as compared with the non-frail patients (p0.05). The duration for the Glittre ADL test was longer in the frail patients than the non-frail patients (p0.05). There was no significant difference between MoCA scores between groups (p0.05).Frail COPD patients have increased dyspnea perception, impaired muscle strength, and functional capacity, ADL performance, balance, and quality of life. Whether pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with frail COPD need to be adapted with new rehabilitation strategies, including components of frailty, needs further investigation.

Introduction and Background: BODEx index which is a multidimensional disease severity index and simplified version of BODE in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. There is limited use of BODEx index in Europe but it can be practical for daily living activities (ADL) status in COPD. Aim and Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the association between BODEx index and ADL, occupational performance, psychosocial status and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with COPD. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with COPD (mean age: 58.6 ± 9.6 years, mean %FEV1=50.6±13.7) were included in the study. BODEx index was calculated according to Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea with MMRC scale and Exacerbations. ADL was evaluated with London Chest ADL Scale (LCADL). Occupational performance was assessed by Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement (COPM). Psychosocial status was determined with Hospital Anxiety amd Depression Scale (HADS) and HRQoL was assessed with COPD Assesment Test (CAT). Results: Mean BODEx score of patients was 3.6±1.6. The BODEx score was significantly correlated with COPM-satisfaction score (r=-0.474, p=0.014), LCADL-leisure time score (r=0.473, p=0.013), HADS-anxiety score (r=0.420, p=0.029) and CAT score (r=0.430, p=0.028). Conclusions: As the multidimensional disease severity increase, daily living activities, satisfaction from occupational performance, health related quality of life and psychosocial status deteriorate in COPD. BODEx index can be a practical metod for understanding functional impairment of patients in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Aim: Balance, coordination, and postural stability have gained the importance as other extrapulmonary involvements, in addition to the pulmonary system and other body systems involvements in patients with non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis. In this study, it was aimed to compare dynamic balance, exercise capacity, and muscle oxygenation change during exercise in children with bronchiectasis and healthy children. Methods: Fifteen children with non-CF bronchiectasis (12.60±2.84 yrs, 7 females, 8 males) and 15 healthy children (11.80±3.25 yrs, 7 females, 8 males) were included. Exercise capacity using incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), dynamic balance using functional reach test (FRT), and muscle oxygenation change during exercise (ΔSmO2) using wearable lactate measuring device were measured. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar between non-CF bronchiechtasis and control groups (p>0.05). The ISWT distances were shorter (p Discussion: Exercise capacity, oxygen consumption and muscle oxygenation level are impaired whereas dynamic balance is preserved in non-CF bronchiectasis. It’ s important to monitor muscle oxygenation level during exercise testing in these patients.