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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontopathogenic bacterium that can adhere and colonize periodontal tissues leading to inflammatory process, and consequently tissue destruction. New therapies using flavonoids such as hesperidin are being studied, and its promising properties have been highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hesperidin on epithelial barrier function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and on inflammatory response caused by P. gingivalis in in vitro models. Integrity of the epithelial tight junctions challenged by P. gingivalis was determined by monitoring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). P. gingivalis adherence to a gingival keratinocyte monolayer and a basement membrane model were evaluated by a fluorescence assay. A fluorometric assay was used to determine the ROS production in gingival keratinocytes. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) secretion was evaluated by ELISA, while to assess NF-κB activation, the U937-3xjB-LUC monocyte cell line transfected with a luciferase reporter gene was used. Hesperidin protected against gingival epithelial barrier dysfunction caused by P. gingivalis and reduced the adherence of P. gingivalis to the basement membrane model. Hesperidin dose-dependently inhibited P. gingivalis-mediated ROS production by oral epithelial cells as well as the secretion of IL-1β, TNF- IL-8, MMP-2 and MMP-9 by macrophages challenged with P. gingivalis. Additionally, it was able to attenuate NF-κB activation in macrophages stimulated with P. gingivalis. These findings suggested that hesperidin has a protective effect on the epithelial barrier function, in addition to reduce ROS production and attenuate the inflammatory response associated with periodontal disease.

This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory profile as well as the resolution of inflammation in a ligature-induced periodontal inflammation in rats with depletion and/or supraphysiological testosterone replacement.Sixty male rats (Holtzman) were used in the present study. Study groups were created as following: (1) Sham (no testicle removal); (2) Orchiectomy (OCX), 3) OCX + Testosterone (OCX + T); (4) Sham + Ligature (SH + L); (5) OCX+L; and 6) OCX + T + L. The surgeries were performed on day 1, and testosterone was administered weekly since day 1. On day 15, a cotton ligature was placed around the lower first molars and maintained for 15 days. Morphological changes in periodontal tissues were determined by histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemistry (factor VIII) and immunoenzymatic assay were performed to evaluate angiogenesis process and (pro- and anti-) inflammatory markers, respectively.Ligature promoted a marked inflammatory gingival infiltrate and bone loss (P 0.05). Supraphysiological testosterone treatment increased the percentage of blood vessels, extracellular matrix and fibroblasts in the presence and absence of periodontal inflammation (P 0.05). A high dose of testosterone increased factor VIII+ blood vessels and IL-10 expression in inflamed gingival tissue, while PGEThese results, in our experimental model, suggest that supraphysiological testosterone treatment stimulated gingival tissue repair during ligature-induced periodontitis, and it seems to be related to an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive mechanism resulting by the modulatory effect on PGE

In our previous study, Chlorin-e6 (Ce6) demonstrated a significant reduction of microorganisms' viability against single-species biofilm related to periodontitis once irradiated by red light (660 nm). Also, higher bacteria elimination was observed under blue light (450 nm) irradiation. However, the use of blue light irradiation of Ce6 for antimicrobial administration is poorly explored. This study evaluated the effect of chlorin-e6-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using different wavelengths (450 or 660 nm) against multi-species biofilms related to periodontitis. Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans composed the mature biofilm developed under proper conditions for five days. aPDT was performed using different concentrations of Ce6 (100 and 200 μM), wavelengths (450 or 660 nm), and comparisons were made after qPCR assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis. The greatest bacterial elimination was observed in the groups where Ce6 was used with blue light, for S. orallis (2.05 Log

Curcumin has been used as a photosensitizer (PS) for antimicrobial photodynamic chemotherapy (PACT). However, its low solubility, instability, and poor bioavailability challenge its in vivo application. This study aimed to synthesize curcumin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (curcumin-NP) and determine their antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Nanoparticles (NP) were synthesized using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a polymer by the nanoprecipitation method. Curcumin-NP was characterized by particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and curcumin encapsulation efficiency (EE). Curcumin-NP was compared to free curcumin solubilized in 10% DMSO as photosensitizers for PACT in single and multispecies Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus oralis biofilms. Chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX) and ultrapure water were used as positive and negative controls. The cytotoxic effect of curcumin-NP was evaluated on human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (HPLF). Data were analyzed by ANOVA (α=0.05). Curcumin-NP exhibited homogeneity and stability in solution, small particle size, and 67.5% EE of curcumin. Curcumin-NP presented reduced antibiofilm activity at 500 µg/ml, although in planktonic cultures it showed inhibitory and bactericidal effect. Curcumin-NP and curcumin with and without photoactivation were not cytotoxic to HPLF cells. Curcumin-NP has antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, with better effects when associated with blue light, being a promising therapy for preventing and treating peri-implant diseases.

Objetivo: avaliar a atividade antifúngica do α- terpinen sobre culturas planctonicas e biofi lme de Candida albicans. Material e Métodos: Primeiramente, foi determinada a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) do α-terpinen sobre microrganismos planctônicos. A Nistatina foi utilizada como controle positivo. Biofi lme de Candida albicans foi desenvolvido e, após o tratamento com diferentes concentrações de α-terpinen, foi quantifi cado em UFC/mL, além da atividade metabólica das células ser avaliada por XTT. Resultados: a menor concentração capaz de inibir o crescimento (CIM) foi 0,2 % para o α-terpinen e 4 μg/mL para a Nistatina. Na CIM, os resultados mostraram que a partir da concentração 0,05 % de α-terpinen e 2 μg/mL de Nistatina houve diminuição de C.albicans quando comparado ao controle. A CFM foi para α-terpinen 0,2 % e Nistatina 8 μg/mL. Na quantifi cação as concentrações efi cazes foram de α-terpinen (0,1%) e Nistatina (128μg/mL), e no teste do XTT, observou-se que α –terpinen (0,1%) e Nistatina (256μg/mL) diminuem a viabilidade quando comparado com o controle. Conclusão: Assim, pode-se afi rmar que α-terpineol pode ser uma alternativa para tratamento de infecções fúngicas.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação Araucária Objectives: Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) abuse is a serious health problem associated to several systemic complications. Here, we evaluated the periodontal clinical status, microbial profile, and expression of total protein (TP) and interleukin (IL)-1β in men using AAS. Materials and methods: Men using AAS were recruited (case group) and matched for age with men who had never used AAS (control group) but also performed physical activities. Plaque index (PI), marginal bleeding (MB), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing (BoP) were evaluated. Crevicular fluid and subgingival biofilm were collected from healthy and diseased sites (PD ≥ 4 mm with CAL ≥ 1 mm and BoP) and evaluated for TP, IL-1β, and proportions of 40 bacterial species. Results: Thirty patients were included (n = 15/group). AAS consumers had significantly higher mean PD and higher percentage of diseased sites; sites with PD ≥ 4 mm or with CAL ≥ 1 mm than non-consumers. Also, AAS users showed a more dysbiotic biofilm containing lower proportions of host-compatible species and higher proportions of pathogens. IL-1β expression was statistically higher in diseased than in healthy sites only in the control group. A statistically positive correlation was detected between periodontal pathogens and IL-1β expression. The number of AAS cycles was positively associated with higher percentages of periodontal pathogens, but not with IL-1β or total protein concentrations. Conclusions: AAS intake can worsen clinical and immunological periodontal conditions and the biofilm composition in healthy sites. Clinical relevance: Dental care professionals should perform full mouth periodontal screening and schedule regular follow-up appointments for patients under AAS use. Graduate Program in Dentistry Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632 School of Dentistry Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632 Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry at Araraquara UNESP—Univ Est Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680 Postgraduate Program in Dentistry Universidade Guarulhos, R. Eng. Prestes Maia, 88 Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry at Araraquara UNESP—Univ Est Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680 CAPES: 001 Fundação Araucária: 001

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:02:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objective: This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial effects of lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract (HEScSeed and HEScFlower) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-HEScSeed and AgNPs-HEScFlower) of S. cumini seed and flower, and to characterize some compounds of these extracts and their NPs. Design: Phytochemical screening was performed by GC-MS. Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission gun (FEG), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ZP). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were analyzed by broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods. Results: HEScSeed and HEScFlower showed 7 and 17 phytochemical compounds, respectively. AgNPs-plant extracts were reported as stable and with variable shapes and sizes. All studied species (A. naeslundii, C. albicans, F. nucleatum, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. mutans, S. oralis and V. dispar) were susceptible to extracts and AgNPs-plant extracts, with varying degrees of antimicrobial activities (extract: 648.4-5,187.5 mu g/mL; AgNPs-plant: 31.2-2,000 mu g/mL). Conclusion: The extracts of S. cumini seed and flower have antimicrobial action against pathogens of medical and dental interest, whose MIC and MMC are species-dependent. The AgNPs-HEScSeed and AgNPs-HEScFlower have different shapes, sizes, organic compounds, stability and electronegativity (capping), characteristics that contribute to their bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects, but at significantly lower concentrations than plant extracts. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Physiol & Pathol, Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Dent Sch Piracicaba, Dept Oral Diag, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Sch Chem, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Dent, Dept Physiol & Pathol, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:49:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study demonstrated a drug-delivery system with anionic beta cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexes to retain tetracycline (TC) and control its release from multilayers of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(l-lysine) (PLL) in a ten double layers ([PAA/PLL]10) coating onto titanium. The drug-delivery capacity of the multilayer system was proven by controlled drug release over 15 days and sustained released over 30 days. Qualitative images confirmed TC retention within the layer-by-layer (LbL) over 30 days of incubation. Antibacterial activity of TC/anionic β-CD released from the LbL was established against Staphylococcus aureus species. Remarkably, [PAA/PLL]10/TC/anionic β-CD antibacterial effect was sustained even after 30 days of incubation. The non-cytotoxic effect of the multilayer system revealed normal human gingival fibroblast growth. It is expected that this novel approach and the chemical concept to improve drug incorporation into the multilayer system will open up possibilities to make the drug release system more applicable to implantable percutaneous devices. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University (UNESP), Humaita, 1680 Araraquara Regenerative Biomaterials Radboudumc, Philips Van Leydenlaan 25 Department of Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology Piracicaba Dental School University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901 Department of Tumor Immunology Radboudumc and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Geert Grooteplein Zuid, 28 Nijmegen Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University (UNESP), Humaita, 1680 Araraquara Department of Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry at Araraquara São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 2015/03567-7 FAPESP: 2018/19345-1

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Chlorin-e6 (Ce6), as a photosensitizer (PS), has demonstrated significant reduction of microorganisms’ viability when irradiated by red light. However, the main absorption peak of this PS is located at blue light spectrum, which is less investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pure-chlorin-e6-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) using different light sources (450 or 660 nm) against biofilms related to periodontitis. Streptococcus oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans single-species biofilms were developed under proper conditions for five days. PDI was performed using different concentrations of Ce6 (100 and 200 mM), wavelengths (450 and 660 nm) and comparisons were made after colony forming unit and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis. The use of light and PS were also individually tested. The greatest bacterial elimination was observed in the group where PDI was employed with blue light and concentration of 200 mM for all bacterial strains tested (4.01 log10 for A. actinomycetemcomitans, and total elimination for P. gingivalis and S. oralis), except for F. nucleatum, where 3.46 log10 reduction was observed when red light and 200 mM Ce6 were applied (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial effects of PDI mediated by Ce6 for all single pathogenic biofilms were confirmed by live/dead staining under CLSM analysis. For all single-species biofilms, the use of PDI mediated by chlorin-e6 photosensitizer under blue or red-light irradiation (450 and 660 nm) demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial viability, but blue light showed a promising higher photobiological effect, encouraging its adjuvant use to basic periodontitis treatment. Department of Diagnosis and Surgery São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Chemistry Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Department of Physiology and Pathology São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Diagnosis and Surgery São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Physiology and Pathology São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Rua Humaitá, 1680 FAPESP: 2013/07276-1 FAPESP: 2018/00106-7

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-29 Background: Sedum praealtum has been used for a long time in traditional medicine as an analgesic and antiinflammatory agent. Its beneficial effects have been known since ancient times, when Latinos used it to treat sore and swollen eyes. This research evaluated the antimicrobial potential, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, and some chromatographic profiles of the hydroethanolic extract of leaves, stems and roots of S. praealtum. Methods: The antimicrobial activities were carried out by broth microdilution and agar diffusion. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by cell cultures of Aedes albopictus and the selectivity index (SI) was estimated: SI=CI50/MIC. Genotoxic and systemic toxic effects of S. praealtum leaves were analyzed by micronucleus assay in mice bone marrow. Chromatographic profiles and mass spectra were investigated by GC-MS. Results: Gram-positive (B. subtilis, B. cereus, M. luteus, E. faecalis and S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli, E. aerogenes, S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and S. typhimurium) bacteria exhibited MICs ranging from 12.5–50 and 0–50 mg/ ml, respectively. Sedum praealtum showed no efficacy against M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Cytotoxicity (CI50) of S. praealtum was 4.22 and 5.96 mg/ml for leaves and stems, respectively, while its roots showed no cytotoxicity. Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) analyzes showed no differences between treatment doses (0.5–2 g/kg) and negative control (NaCl), but the PCE/NCE ratio (polychromatic erythrocyte/normochromatic erythrocyte) showed significant differences. Phytochemical screening identified thirteen compounds in the leaves, stems and roots of S. praealtum potentially associated with their biological activities. Conclusions: This research comprises a first scientific study on genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effects of S. praealtum (Balsam), and it provides an initial theoretical foundation for its comprehensive use. Results showed antibacterial action of S. praealtum against gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative species (depending on the plant anatomical part), but ineffective antimycobacterial action. However, S. praealtum leaves and stems display potential cytotoxicity, contributing to the SI < 1 values. In addition, S. praealtum leaves exhibit no clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects, but it has systemic toxicity dose-independent. Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Oral Diagnosis Dental School of Piracicaba State University of Campinas (FOP/UNICAMP) Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science Pathology and Animal Pharmacology Area University of Alfenas (UNIFENAS) Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Alfenas (UNIFENAS) Department of Exact Sciences College of Agriculture University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP) Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology Department of Physiology and Oral Pathology Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (FOAr/UNESP) Reproductive Biology Center Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF) Laboratory of Oral Microbiology and Immunology Department of Physiology and Oral Pathology Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (FOAr/UNESP)

Partial caries removal performed by the stepwise treatment has a high rate of clinical success and promotes a reduction of microorganisms in carious dentin. However, the adaptive behavior of these cloistered bacteria is not entirely clear. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the carious dentin and quantify the microorganisms Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus at the first intervention and after 90 days, assessing the acidogenicity and aciduricity of these bacteria isolated from the lesions. Methods: Twenty patients presenting deep caries lesion in primary molars eligible to receive the stepwise treatment were selected, dentin samples were collected in two different moments: in the first intervention, just after partial caries removal; and in the second intervention, during the reopening of the cavity (90 days after the temporary sealing of the lesion). The samples were processed for microbiological analyses via culture, identification and quantification. The bacteria isolates were subjected to phenotypic tests of acidogenicity and aciduricity. Dentin consistency and color was also recorded by a calibrated examiner. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: There was a reduction in the number of viable microorganisms while dentin rehardening and browning was noted (p

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) kills several planktonic pathogens. However, the susceptibility of biofilm-derived anaerobic bacteria to aPDT is poorly characterized. Here, we evaluated the effect of Photodithazine (PDZ)-mediated aPDT on Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. In addition, aPDT was tested with metronidazole (MTZ) to explore the potential antimicrobial effect of the treatment. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MTZ was defined for each bacterial species. Single-species biofilms of each species were grown on polystyrene plates under anaerobic conditions for five days. aPDT was performed by applying PDZ at concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 mg/L, followed by exposure to 50 J/cm 2 LED light (660 nm) with or without MTZ. aPDT exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial viability at a PDZ concentration of 100 mg/L, with 1.12 log 10 and 2.66 log 10 reductions for F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis in biofilms, respectively. However, the antimicrobial effect against F. nucleatum was achieved only when aPDT was combined with MTZ at 100× MIC. Regarding P. gingivalis, the combination of PDZ-mediated aPDT at 100 mg/L with MTZ 100× MIC resulted in a 5 log 10 reduction in the bacterial population. The potential antimicrobial effects of aPDT in combination with MTZ for both single pathogenic biofilms were confirmed by live/dead staining. These results suggest that localized antibiotic administration may be an adjuvant to aPDT to control F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis biofilms. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá 1680 Department of Cariology Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health Indiana University School of Dentistry, 1121 W Michigan St, DS406 Department of Physiology and Pathology São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá 1680 Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá 1680 Department of Physiology and Pathology São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Rua Humaitá 1680

Kelly Limi Aida,1 Paula Fernanda Kreling,1 Karina Sampaio Caiaffa,2 Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto,3 Marlus Chorilli,3 Denise MP Spolidorio,4 Norival Alves Santos-Filho,5,6 Eduardo Maffud Cilli,5 Cristiane Duque1 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; 5Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil; 6Registro Experimental Campus, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Registro, São Paulo, Brazil Background: Anticaries agents must interfere with the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and its proliferation in dental biofilm, without causing host toxicity and bacterial resistance. Natural substances, including cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) and their fragments, such as β-defensin-3 peptide fragment (D1–23), have been widely studied. However, the chemical and physical stability of CAMPs may be compromised by external factors, such as temperature and pH, reducing the period of antimicrobial activity. Methods: To overcome the aforementioned disadvantage, this study developed and characterized a drug delivery system and evaluated the cytotoxicity and effect against S. mutans biofilm of a D1–23-loaded bioadhesive liquid crystalline system (LCS). LCS was composed of oleic acid, polyoxypropylene-(5)-polyoxyethylene-(20)-cetyl alcohol, Carbopol® 974P and Carbopol® 971P. LCS was analyzed by polarized light microscopy (PLM), rheology (viscoelasticity and flow properties) and in vitro bioadhesion. The viability of epithelial cells was evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans were determined for D1–23 for further evaluation of the effect against S. mutans biofilm after 4 and 24h of exposure to treatments. Results: PLM, rheology, and in vitro bioadhesion tests showed that both viscosity and bioadhesion of LCS increased after it was diluted with artificial saliva. D1–23-loaded LCS system presented better activity against S. mutans biofilm after 24h when compared to 4h of treatment, showing a cumulative effect. Neither LCS nor D1–23-loaded LCS presented toxicity on human epithelial cells. Conclusion: D1–23-loaded LCS is a promising drug delivery system for the prevention of dental caries. Keywords: peptide fragments, drug delivery system, dental caries, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans

Background Testosterone is known to affect bone in physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of testosterone in experimental periodontal disease in rats. Methods In this study we used a ligature model of periodontal disease in rats submitted to orchiectomy (OCX, testosterone depletion) with and without testosterone replacement therapy (TR). Control animals were sham-operated and retained physiological testosterone levels. Sixty-two days after orchiectomy and sham operations, ligatures were placed around the lower first molars for 2 weeks to induce experimental periodontal disease. Negative control animals received no ligatures. The outcomes assessed in the periodontal tissues were: inflammatory cytokine expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), stereometric analysis of the inflammatory process and quantitation of inflammatory bone resorption by microcomputed tomography (μ-CT). Results The OCX+TR group showed the greatest increase in fibroblastic cells and blood vessels with reduced inflammatory cell numbers in the gingival tissue with induction of periodontal disease. There were no significant differences between OCX and Sham-operated groups in all the stereometric parameters assessed. Ligature placement induced inflammatory bone resorption, which was significantly attenuated in OCX animals. Experimental periodontitis induced a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-1β, but the lowest levels were observed in the periodontitis/OCX group. IL-6 levels were not affected by OCX, but were significantly reduced in OCX+TR animals. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest that testosterone depletion attenuates inflammatory bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis, which may be partly mediated via decreased production of IL-1β.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Background: Removal of dental plaque and local application of local chemical adjuncts, such as chlorhexidine (CHX), have been used to control and treat peri-implant disease. However, these methods can damage the surface properties of the implants or promote bacterial resistance. The application of ozone as an adjunctive treatment represents a new approach in the management of peri-implantitis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of ozonized physiological saline solution in different concentrations against oral biofilms developed on titanium surface. Methods: Single and multi-species biofilms of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus oralis were formed on titanium specimens for 5 days in anaerobic conditions. Biofilms were treated with ozonized saline solution at different concentrations (25, 50, and 80 μg/NmL), for 30 seconds and 1 minute. CHX (0.12%) and saline solution (0.89% NaCl) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Bacterial viability was quantified by Colony Forming Units (CFU mL−1), and biofilm images were acquired by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Data were analyzed by parametric test (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc test (P

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:25:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1806-83242020000100236.pdf: 1049809 bytes, checksum: 01ba29f6343076ea6e70ac97a2d02b95 (MD5) Candida infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The increase in its incidence has been associated with resistance to antimicrobial therapy and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) and its main component-terpinen-4-ol-against resistant Candida albicans strains (genotypes A and B) identified by molecular typing and against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and SC 5314 reference strains in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and rate of biofilm development were used to evaluate antifungal activity. Results were obtained from analysis of the biofilm using the cell proliferation assay 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2Htetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Terpinen-4-ol and TTO inhibited C. albicans growth. CLSM confirmed that 17.92 mg/mL of TTO and 8.86 mg/mL of terpinen-4-ol applied for 60 s (rinse simulation) interfered with biofilm formation. Hence, this in vitro s tudy r evealed t hat n atural substances such as TTO and terpinen-4-ol present promising results for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp School of Dentistry of Araraquara Department of Physiology and Pathology Universidade Estadual de Campinas-Unicamp School of Dentistry of Piracicaba Department of Physiological Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista-Unesp School of Dentistry of Araraquara Department of Physiology and Pathology

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 This study was performed to develop a liquid crystalline system (LCS) incorporated with terpinen-4-ol and nystatin to evaluate its antifungal, antibiofilm, and synergistic/modulatory activity against Candida albicans. The LCS was composed of a dispersion containing 40% propoxylated and ethoxylated cetyl alcohol, 40% oleic acid, and 0.5% chitosan dispersion. According to analysis by polarized light microscopy, rheology, and mucoadhesion studies, the incorporation of 100% artificial saliva increased the pseudoplasticity, consistency index, viscosity, and mucoadhesion of the formulation. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and rate of biofilm development were used to evaluate antifungal activity; the LCS containing terpinen-4-ol and nystatin effectively inhibited C. albicans growth at a lower concentration, displaying a synergistic action. Therefore, LCS incorporated with terpinen-4-ol and nystatin is a promising alternative for preventing and treating infections and shows potential for the development of therapeutic strategies against candidiasis. Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry of Araraquara Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Department of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical of Araraquara UNESP Department of Physiological Sciences School of Dentistry of Piracicaba UNICAMP Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry of Araraquara Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Department of Drugs and Medicines School of Pharmaceutical of Araraquara UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:14:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect of terpinen-4-ol (T4ol) and carvacrol against single- and multi-species biofilms. The toxicity of each compound was tested on oral keratinocytes and evaluated by XTT assay. Inhibition and eradication of single-species biofilms were analyzed by crystal violet assay and the effect on multi-species biofilm composition was evaluated by qPCR. T4ol and carvacrol did not affect the epithelial cell viability, in contrast to chlorhexidine, which showed a high cytotoxic effect. Inhibition and eradication of single-species biofilms treated with T4ol and carvacrol were observed. The same inhibitory effect was observed for multi-species biofilms, especially on periodontal pathogens. In conclusion, specific concentrations of T4ol and carvacrol without toxicity towards the epithelial cells reduced the numbers of periodontal pathogens in single- and multi-species biofilms. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Oral Health Sciences University of Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp)

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporated into self-cured glass ionomer cement (GIC) and light-cured resin-reinforced GIC on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The GICs, Fuji II (GC America) and Fuji II LC (GC America), were incorporated with nanoparticles at concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 2% by weight, and the biofilm maturation time was one and seven days. Circular specimens of each GIC type were prepared. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the number of colony forming units of S. mutans strain per milliliter. Morphology of the biofilm was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data obtained for each GIC were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (α = 5%). For chemically activated GIC, no significant difference was observed in relation to the time of biofilm maturation (p = 0.744), concentration of nanoparticles (p = 0.966), and their interaction (p = 0.800). The results from analysis of GIC modified by light-polymerized resin showed that only of the maturing time significantly affected the number of adhered cells on the biofilm (p = 0.034, F = 4.778). The more mature the biofilm, higher the number of cells. SEM analysis showed no change in cell morphology in relation to the type of GIC, maturation time, and nanoparticles concentration. We conclude that the inclusion of zinc oxide nanoparticles at concentrations of 1% and 2% by weight into the GICs evaluated here, did not promote their antimicrobial activity against S. mutans.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:06:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-18 This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and effect of fragments derived from three oral cationic peptides (CP): LL-37, D6-17 and D1-23 against cariogenic bacteria under planktonic and biofilm conditions. For cytotoxicity analysis, two epithelial cell lines were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimal bactericidal concentration were determined for the CP fragments and the control (chlorhexidine-CHX) against cariogenic bacteria. The fractional inhibitory concentration was obtained for the combinations of CP fragments on Streptococcus mutans. Biofilm assays were conducted with the best antimicrobial CP fragment against S. mutans. The results indicated that D6-17 was not cytotoxic. D1-23, LL-37 and CHX were not cytotoxic in low concentrations. D1-23 presented the best bactericidal activity against S. mutans, S. mitis and S. salivarius. Combinations of CP fragments did not show a synergic effect. D1-23 presented a higher activity against S. mutans biofilm than CHX. It was concluded that D1-23 showed a substantial effect against cariogenic bacteria and low cytotoxicity. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Araçatuba Dental School UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Restorative Dentistry (Endodontics) Araçatuba Dental School UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Physiology and Pathology Araraquara Dental School UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Dental Materials Piracicaba Dental School UNICAMP - Universidade de Campinas Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology Institute of Chemistry UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Araçatuba Dental School UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Restorative Dentistry (Endodontics) Araçatuba Dental School UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Physiology and Pathology Araraquara Dental School UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology Institute of Chemistry UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:10:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Objectives: To assess the biological, antimicrobial, and mechanical effects of the treatment of deep dentin with simvastatin (SV) before application of a glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and methods: Dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers and SV (2.5 or 1.0 mg/mL) was applied to the occlusal surface, either previously conditioned or not with EDTA (±EDTA). The extracts (culture medium + SV that diffused through dentin) was obtained and then applied to cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization nodule (MN) deposition were evaluated. Untreated discs were used as control. The antibacterial activity of SV (2.5 or 1.0 mg/mL) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as well as the bond strength of GIC to dentin in the presence of SV 2.5 mg/mL (±EDTA) were also assessed. The data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey tests (α = 5%). Results: EDTA + SV 2.5 mg/mL significantly enhanced the ALP activity and MN deposition in comparison with the control, without changing in the cell viability (p < 0.05). The association EDTA + SV 2.5 mg/mL + GIC determined the highest ALP and MN values (p < 0.05). SV presented intense antimicrobial activity, and the EDTA dentin conditioning followed by SV application increased bond strength values compared with SV treatment alone (p < 0.05). Conclusion: SV presents antimicrobial activity and diffuses across conditioned dentin to biostimulate odontoblast-like pulp cells. Clinical significance: The use of SV as adjuvant agent for indirect pulp capping may biostimulate pulp cells thus preserving vitality and function of the pulp-dentin complex. Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Operative Dentistry Endodontics and Dental Materials Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo, Rua Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75 Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Physiology and Pathology Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Humaitá, 1680 Department of Physiology and Pathology Araraquara School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rua Humaitá, 1680 FAPESP: 2015/15635-7 CNPq: 303599/2014-6 CNPq: 443153/2014-0

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 This study evaluated the antibacterial properties of carvacrol and terpinen-4-ol against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and its cytotoxic effects on fibroblast cells. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were examined. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) was evaluated by XTT assay. Biofilm decontamination on titanium surfaces was quantified (CFU ml−1), evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and cytotoxic activity by MTT. The MIC and MBC for carvacrol were 0.007% and 0.002% for P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and 0.06% for terpinen-4-ol for both microorganisms. The MBIC for carvacrol was 0.03% and 0.06% for P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and for terpinen-4-ol was 0.06% and 0.24%. The results indicated anti-biofilm activity using carvacrol (0.26%, 0.06%) and terpinen-4-ol (0.95%, 0.24%) and showed cytotoxic activity similar to chlorohexidine (CHX). However, terpinen-4-ol (0.24%) showed higher cell viability than other treatments. Carvacrol and terpinen-4-ol showed antibacterial activity in respect of reducing biofilms. Moreover, CHX-like cytotoxicity was observed. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (Unesp)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-09 This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of terpinen-4-ol against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and its influence on gbpA (S. mutans) and slpA (L. acidophilus) gene expression. As measured by XTT assay, the concentrations of terpinen-4-ol that effectively inhibited the biofilm were 0.24% and 0.95% for S. mutans and L. acidophilus, respectively. Confocal microscopy revealed the presence of a biofilm attached to the enamel and dentin block surfaces with significant terpinen-4-ol effects against these microorganisms. The expression of the gbpA and slpA genes involved in adherence and biofilm formation was investigated using RT-PCR. Expression of these genes decreased after 15 min with 0.24% and 0.95% terpinen-4-ol in S. mutans and L. acidophilus, respectively. These findings demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of terpinen-4-ol and its ability to modulate the expression of gbpA and slpA genes, emphasizing the therapeutic capacity of terpinen-4-ol as an alternative to inhibit adherence in biofilm. Department of Physiology and Pathology State University of Sao Paulo/UNESP Department of Periodontology Universidade Nove de Julho Physics Institute of São Carlos University of São Paulo USP Department of Physiology and Pathology State University of Sao Paulo/UNESP

To evaluate in long-term periods the destruction of periodontal tissues and bacterial colonization induced by oral gavage with periodontopathogens or ligature experimental periodontal disease models. Forty-eight C57BL/6 J mice were divided into four groups: group C: negative control; group L: ligature; group G-Pg: oral gavage with Porphyromonas gingivalis; and group G-PgFn: oral gavage with Porphyromonas gingivalis associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum. Mice were infected by oral gavage five times in 2-day intervals. After 45 and 60 days, animals were sacrificed and the immune-inflammatory response in the periodontal tissue was assessed by stereometric analysis. The alveolar bone loss was evaluated by live microcomputed tomography and histometric analysis. qPCR was used to confirm the bacterial colonization in all the groups. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and ANOVA tests, at 5 % of significance level. Ligature model induced inflammation and bone resorption characterized by increased number of inflammatory cells and decreased number of fibroblasts, followed by advanced alveolar bone loss at 45 and 60 days (p

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of presence of different fermentable carbohydrates in the biomass and acidogenicity of biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 in association with Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 19039. Material and Methods: Single-specie and dual-species biofilms were grown at the bottom of microtiter plates at equal concentration for 24 h at 37 ºC. Carbohydrates were added at 2%: maltose, sucrose, glucose and lactose and as negative control, BHI Broth (0.2% glucose) was used. The pH of each culture was measured to assess acidogenicity after 24 h, immediately after refreshing the culture medium and for the next 30 min, 1 h and 2 h. Crystal violet assay was used as indicator of the total attached biofilm biomass after 24 h incubation and the absorbance was measured at 590 nm. Tukey Multiple Comparison Test was performed for all the statistical analyses. Results: In general, higher amount of biomass was formed by dual-species than single-specie biofilm in the presence of all carbohydrates, except to glucose. In relation to pH, statistically significant differences were observed in S. mutans biofilm only after 24 h, when all carbohydrates showed higher acidogenicity than control group, whereas in dual-species biofilm the highest acidogenicity were found after 24 h for sucrose, lactose, maltose and the control group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the type of biofilm (single or dual-species) and the carbohydrate used may influence both amount of biomass formed and rate of the pH fall.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:55:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:35:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-64402018000400359.pdf: 3525999 bytes, checksum: ae97b2be8c3697063e4d5a2e983a35e2 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Terpinen-4-ol associated with nystatin, on single and mixed species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, as well as the effect of terpinen-4-ol on adhesion in oral cells and the enzymatic activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicide concentrations of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were determined using the microdilution broth method, along with their synergistic activity (“checkerboard” method). Single and mixed species biofilms were prepared using the static microtiter plate model and quantified by colony forming units (CFU/mL). The effect of Terpinen-4-ol in adhesion of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in coculture with oral keratinocytes (NOK Si) was evaluated, as well as the enzymatic activity by measuring the size of the precipitation zone, after the growth agar to phospholipase, protease and hemolysin. Terpinen-4-ol (4.53 mg mL-1) and nystatin (0.008 mg mL-1) were able to inhibit biofilms growth, and a synergistic antifungal effect was showed with the drug association, reducing the inhibitory concentration of nystatin up to 8 times in single biofilm of Candida albicans, and 2 times in mixed species biofilm. A small decrease in the adhesion of Candida tropicalis in NOK Si cells was showed after treatment with terpinen-4-ol, and nystatin had a greater effect for both species. For enzymatic activity, the drugs showed no action. The effect potentiated by the combination of terpinen-4-ol and nystatin and the reduction of adhesion provide evidence of its potential as an anti-fungal agent. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Physiological Sciences School of Dentistry of Piracicaba UNICAMP-Universidade Estadual de Campinas Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery School of Dentistry UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista FAPESP: 2015/00155-0

Aim The aim of this study was investigate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using curcumin (C) as a photosensitizing agent irradiated with an LED (L) in the blue wavelength as a light source on a standard and clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in a planktonic suspension model. Materials and methods Suspensions of both strains were divided into 4 groups as follows: absence of C and L (control group: C–L–), with C and without L (C group: C+L–), absence of C with L (L group: C–L+) and presence of C and L (PDT group: C+L+). Three different concentrations of curcumin (0.75 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml) and three light fluences of studied light source (24, 48 and 72 J cm–2) were tested. Aliquots of each studied group was plated in BHI agar and submitted to colony forming units counting (CFU/ml) and the data transformed into logarithmical scale. Results A high photoinactivation rate of more than 70% was verified to standard S. mutans strain submitted to PDT whereas the clinical isolate showed a lower sensitivity to all the associations of curcumin and LED. A slight bacterial reduction was verified to C+L– and C–L+, demonstrating no toxic effects to the isolated application of light and photosensitizer to both S. mutans strains tested. Conclusion Photodynamic therapy using a combination of curcumin and blue LED presented a substantial antimicrobial effect on S. mutans standard strain in a planktonic suspension model with a less pronounced effect on its clinical isolate counterparts due to resistance to this alternative approach. Clinical significance Alternative antimicrobial approaches, as photodynamic therapy, should be encouraged due to optimal results against cariogenic bacteria aiming to prevent or treat dental caries. How to cite this article Tonon CC, Paschoal MA, Correia M, Spolidório DMP, Bagnato VS, Giusti JSM, Santos-Pinto L. Comparative Effects of Photodynamic Therapy mediated by Curcumin on Standard and Clinical Isolate of Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):1-6.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-11-26 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of analogs of cationic peptides against microorganisms associated with endodontic infections. L-929 fibroblasts were exposed to LL-37, KR-12-a5 and hBD-3–1CV and chlorhexidine (CHX, control), and cell metabolism was evaluated with MTT. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) of the peptides and CHX were determined against oral pathogens associated with endodontic infections. Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans biofilms were cultivated in bovine dentin blocks, exposed to different concentrations of the most efficient antimicrobial peptide and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. CHX and peptides affected the metabolism of L-929 at concentrations > 31.25 and 500 μg ml−1, respectively. Among the peptides, KR-12-a5 inhibited growth of both the microorganisms tested with the lowest MIC/MBC/MFC values. In addition, KR-12-a5 significantly reduced E. faecalis and S. mutans biofilms inside dentin tubules. In conclusion, KR-12-a5 is a non-cytotoxic agent with potent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity against oral pathogens associated with endodontic infections. São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health School of Dentistry University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Department of Oral Diagnosis School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology Institute of Chemistry Department of Periodontology Nove de Julho University São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Physiology and Pathology School of Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology Institute of Chemistry

Parstatin is a 41-amino acid peptide, formed by proteolytic cleavage on activation of the protease activated receptor-1, with antiangiogenic properties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of synthetic parstatin on experimental periodontal disease and repair in rats.Ligature-induced periodontitis was established in rats and the influence of parstatin administration was assessed after 8 and 15 days for periodontal disease and 24 hours and 8 days after repair after ligature removal.Parstatin administration significantly inhibited gingival myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 levels and led to suppression of macrophages and collagen degradation. At periodontal tissues under repair, parstatin increased the gingival levels of endostatin and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and blood vessel number but did not influence histologic healing. In addition, the tomographic linear bone loss was significantly reduced at 15 days of periodontitis when the rats were treated with parstatin compared to their respective phosphate-buffered saline-treated controls.Parstatin suppresses the periodontal tissue breakdown followed by experimental periodontitis in rats and did not impair periodontal tissue repair, despite its antiangiogenic effect. Parstatin may represent a novel approach to modulate host response in chronic periodontal disease.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-06T16:14:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-06T16:44:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-25772014000100001.pdf: 475182 bytes, checksum: f1cda71d9e3246fae1053612b6632de8 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) INTRODUÇÃO:A adição da clorexidina (CLX) ao cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) visa melhorar a sua propriedade antibacteriana, podendo contudo interferir na adesão à dentina.OBJETIVO:Avaliar a influência da adição de diacetato de CLX em diferentes concentrações a um CIV de alta viscosidade, na sua adesão à dentina sadia e afetada por cárie artificial.MATERIAL E MÉTODO:Foram utilizados 80 terceiros molares, que tiveram a superfície de dentina exposta na face oclusal. Metade dos dentes foram mantidos hígidos e a outra metade foi submetida à indução artificial de cárie. A CLX foi misturada ao pó do CIV nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1% e 2%. O CIV sem CLX foi usado como controle. Em cada superfície dentinária foi confeccionado um espécime com 1 mm de diâmetro e 1 mm de altura. Estes foram mantidos a 37 °C com 100% de umidade por 24 horas, e, submetidos ao teste de microcisalhamento. Os resultados foram analisados pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann Whitney (α=0,05).RESULTADO:Não houve diferença estatística entre os valores de resistência de união para dentina hígida e afetada (p>0,05). Para as duas condições do substrato, os grupos CIV, CIV+CLX 0,5% e CIV+CLX 1% apresentaram resistência de união estatisticamente semelhante (p>0,05), e superior ao CIV+CLX 2% (p0.05). For both substrate conditions, groups GIC, GIC+0.5% CHX and GIC+1% CHX showed statistically similar bond strength (p>0.05), and higher than that of GIC+2% CHX (p