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Increasing evidence indicates that fruits contain functional bio-active compounds that have several preventive and therapeutic health benefits. Our group has recently conducted studies to assess the potential effects of cranberry polyphenolic fractions on intestinal Caco-2/15 epithelial cells and a substantial reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation was observed. The aim of the present work was to determine the polyphenolic species most likely responsible for the observed biological activity. Low, medium, and high molecular weight cranberry fractions were generated witha Sephadex LH-20 column by elution with 60% MeOH, 100% MeOH, and 70% acetone, respectively. The total phenolic content in these fractions was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.Acombinationof LC-MS and MALDI-TOF methods were used tocharacterize the natureofpolyphenolic compounds in the cranberry extracts. High resolution mass spectrometry was used to generate empirical formulae for the detected species. The low molecular weight fraction was essentially constituted of small phenolic acids (hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids). The medium fraction was mostly composed of anthocyanin, flavonols (quercetin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol), procyanidins monomers (epicatechin, catechin), dimers, and few small oligomers. The heavy fraction was devoid of phenolic acids and anthocyanins, and it contained for the most part oligomers and polymers of procyanidins. Proanthocyanidins oligomers up to n = 22 were detected, which is, to our knowledge, the largest individual polymers reported to date. With this approach, it was also possible to distinguish between the A-type and B-type linkages. Key words: polyphenols, mass spectrometry, cranberry. De plus en plus de donnees probantes indiquent que les fruits contiennent des composes bioactifs fonctionnels qui presentent plusieurs bienfaits therapeutiques et preventifs. Notre groupe a recemment mene des etudes afin d'evaluer les effets possibles des fractions phenoliques de la canneberge sur les cellules epitheliales Caco-2/15 de l'intestin, dans lesquelles une reduction substantielle du stress oxydatif et de l'inflammation a ete observee. L'objectif des presents travaux etait de determiner les especes polyphenoliques les plus susceptibles d'etre a l'origine de l'activite biologique observee. Nous avons genere a partir d'un extrait de canneberge des fractions de poids moleculaire faible, moyen et eleve a l'aide d'une colonne Sephadex LH-20 par elution avec une solution a 60 % de MeOH, du MeOH a 100 % et une solution a 70 % d'acetone, respectivement. Nous en avons determine la teneur en composes phenoliques totaux par la methode de Folin-Ciocalteu. Nous avons employe conjointement les methodes LC-MS et MALDI-TOF pour caracteriser la nature des composes polyphenoliques presents dans les extraits de canneberge. Nous avons fait appel a la spectrometrie de masse a haute resolution pour generer les formules empiriques des especes que nous avons detectees. La fraction de faible poids moleculaire etait essentiellement constituee d'acides phenoliques de petite taille (acides hydoxycinnamiques et hydroxybenzoiques). La fraction de poids moleculaire moyen etait principalement composee d'anthocyanes, de flavonols (quercetine, myricetine, isorhamnetine, kaempferol) et de monomeres (epicatechine, catechine) et dimeres procyanidiques, ainsi que de quelques petits oligomeres. La fraction de poids moleculaire eleve etait depourvue d'acides phenoliques et d'anthocyanes. Elle contenait en majeure partie des oligomeres et des polymeres procyanidiques. Nous avons detecte des oligomeres de proanthocyanidines de taille allant jusqu'a n = 22, ce qui represente, a notre connaissance, les plus grandes chaines de ces polymeres detectees individuellement a ce jour. Grace a cette approche, il etait egalement possible de distinguer les liaisons de type A de celles de type B. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : polyphenols, spectrometrie de masse, canneberge., Introduction An increasing body of evidence classifies numerous fruits as bio-active nutrients with several preventive and therapeutic health benefits (.1-3) Among them, cranberries have recently received particular attention as a [...]

BACKGROUND: Traffic road crashes are the leading cause of fatal crashes at work. The circumstances of work-related road accidents have been a regular focus of study, but there is still a lack of knowledge about commuting accidents. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to estimate the overall incidence of commuting accidents for non-physician professionals in a major French university hospital, by gender and different professional categories, and to assess its evolution over a 5-year period. METHODS: A descriptive analysis was performed on 390 commuting accidents from 2012 to 2016 extracted from the university hospital's occupational health service. Incidences of commuting accidents were calculated according to gender, occupational categories, and years. Crude relative risk (RR) for the association of commuting accidents with gender, occupational categories, and year of the accident was also estimated using log-binomial regressions. RESULTS: The annual incidence ranged from 354 to 581 accidents per 100,000 employees. Compared with administrative staff, the relative risk (RR) for commuting accidents for service agents was 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–2.4) and for auxiliary nurses and childcare assistants was 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0–1.9). Nursing executives had a non-significantly lower RR of 0.6 (95% CI: 0.3–1.5). CONCLUSION: The increased risk observed for the auxiliary nurses and childcare assistants and for the service agents may be related in part to the fatigue caused by work schedules, long commuting distances, physical work, and psychological burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the ion channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The management of CF disease has evolved in recent decades from treating downstream disease manifestations affecting the airways, the lungs and the gastrointestinal system to addressing the CFTR gene defect. The advent of CFTR modulators, which correct the functionality of the defective CFTR, contributes to reshaping the landscape of CF demographics, prognosis and therapies, including nutritional management. A spectrum of clinical manifestations is emerging within the same patient population where undernutrition and nutritional deficiencies coexist with excessive weight gain and metabolic derangements. Such contrasting presentations challenge current practices, require adjustments to traditional approaches, and involve more individualised interventions. This narrative review examines the current state of knowledge on the nutritional management of people living with cystic fibrosis from early life to adulthood in the era of CFTR modulation. Highlights: Advances in research and care, including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, have reshaped cystic fibrosis demographics, prognosis and management, including nutrition.A broad spectrum of nutritional manifestations, from underweight and nutritional deficiencies to overweight, metabolic derangements and disturbed eating behaviours, is now emerging.Because nutrition goals and concerns vary by age, genotype, medication use, access to resources, physical, mental and nutritional health, and individual preferences, interventions should be individualised and based on regular and proactive assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]