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1. Neuromechanical modelling of C. elegans locomotion : proprioceptive feedback in the ventral nerve cord

Author

Denham, Jack Edward, Cohen, Netta, and Ranner, Thomas

Abstract

The simple undulatory gait of the small nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, along with its well characterised nervous system make it an ideal organism for studying the neural control of locomotion. Smooth mechanical propagating waves propel the worm's body through a wide variety of environments as a result of both highly coordinated motor output and finely tuned body mechanics. Inspired by previous modelling efforts, I employ an updated neuromechanical model to identify the effects of neural and mechanical modulation of C. elegans' locomotory gait and explore underlying control mechanisms, with a focus on proprioceptive feedback in the ventral nerve cord. I investigate interactions between body elasticity and fluid viscosity to highlight a fundamental condition for mechanically induced gait modulation, and quantitatively match this modulation with experimental results to predict the worm's material parameters under the model assumptions. By considering characteristics unique to proprioceptive neurons, I show how manifestations of internal gait modulation contrast that of external modulation. Manipulating the strength of various inhibitory connections within the nerve cord suggest that GABAergic connections impact locomotion in qualitatively different ways depending on location. Inhibition at the neuromuscular junctions may be used to control undulation frequency across multiple environments, while asymmetric neural inhibition supports robust high frequency undulations, in line with existing model predictions. Recent experimental work evidences simultaneous, independently driven oscillations with different frequencies along the body when anterior and posterior regions are isolated by external inhibition. By inhibiting anterior muscles in model worms, I find that purely proprioceptive control is capable of qualitatively capturing multiple frequency undulations. In such conditions the effects of neural coupling appear to dominate mechanical coupling, at least during crawling.

Published
2021

5. Dark authenticities : criminal memorabilia and consumer culture

Author

Denham, Jack, Penfold-Mounce, Ruth, and Beer, David

Subjects
364.152
Abstract

This thesis investigates crime memorabilia, or ‘true crime objects’, and proposes the concept of ‘authenticity’ as a way of understanding the perceived value and imagined criminality inside of objects, artefacts, exhibitions and consumables associated with famous violent crimes. Murderabilia has enjoyed a sustained rise in interest in both news media and popular culture, but academic research has been limited. It addresses a central contradiction in the paucity of literature that has touched upon murderabilia – to what extent is murderabilia an extension of existing violent transgressive narratives in popular culture; or a will to transgress these mainstream discourses themselves; or a combination thereof? To that end, this thesis seeks to understand where the consumption of criminal transgression sits as part of the broader system of objects, and the broader popular cultural genre of true crime as well. Through a digital and traditional ethnography conducted over ten months (September 2014 – July 2015), covering museum exhibitions of murderabilia, personal murderabilia collections, and manufactured murder merchandise, murderabilia is revealed as a complicated negotiation of some of the contradicting demands of art, culture, antique – and consumerism. It is argued that the consumption of murder objects is reflective of a broader societal will to transgress banality and sameness in 21st century Western consumer capitalist marketplaces, and not as an embracement or glorification of criminal transgression itself. Consumers are positioned in pursuit of experiences of perceived authenticity, despite embracing dominant popular cultural narratives of crime in the process.

Published
2017

9. Little data: negotiating the 'new normal' with idiosyncratic and incomplete datasets.

Author

Denham, Jack and Spokes, Matthew

Subjects
*COVID-19 pandemic, *STAY-at-home orders
Abstract

In this paper we make a case for 'Little Data', which is real-time, self-collected, idiosyncratic datasets maintained by individuals about themselves on myriad topics. We develop and offer a methodology for combining these messy, highly personal insights, to make deductive observations about collective practices. In testing this approach, we use the case study of the 2020–21 stay-at-home orders imposed in the U.S.A., U.K., and Western Europe during the Coronavirus pandemic to operationalise and demonstrate the applicability of this method. Our main finding is to show that whilst stay-at-home orders did have a significant impact on habits during the COVID-19 pandemic, these changes were often counterintuitive, of an insightful nature on topics that would otherwise not be investigated, and always short-lived. Our main contribution is to present Little Data, despite and because of its fragmented and disparate nature, as a viable and useful tool to understand personal habits at finite junctures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Personal, pedagogic play: a dialogic model for video game learning.

Author

Denham, Jack, Spokes, Matthew, Coward-Gibbs, Matt, and Veal, Caitlin

Abstract

Utilising data from semi-structured interviews (n = 20), this paper explores the educational function of internationally popular, blockbuster videogames, including the ways in which players identify and operationalise these learning experiences. It proposes a framework through which different learning experiences in mainstream, culturally significant games can be categorised, utilising dialogic learning approaches – drawn from application of – to position players in constant dialogue with the games that they play: a co-constructive pedagogy of videogames. We find that, in the context of popular videogames, implicit learning is relevant, present, and valuable alongside than explicit alternatives. Our contribution is to offer a reimagined dialogic typology which can help players, educators, caregivers and games scholars identify, utilise and research digital play-learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Conclusions

Author

Spokes, Matthew, primary, Denham, Jack, additional, and Lehmann, Benedikt, additional

Published
2018
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16. Introduction

Author

Spokes, Matthew, primary, Denham, Jack, additional, and Lehmann, Benedikt, additional

Published
2018
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24. The right to the virtual city: Rural retreatism in open-world video games.

Author

Denham, Jack and Spokes, Matthew

Subjects
*VIDEO games, *REDEMPTION, *COMMODIFICATION
Abstract

This article uses Lefebvre's spatial triad and his concept of The Right to the City to categorise open-world video games as contested virtual spatial experiences, interconnected with the non-virtual spaces in which they are produced and played and replete with the same spatial, capital forces of alienation to be negotiated and maintained. We use qualitative gameplay data (n = 15), unpacking players' journeys through Lefebvre's conceived, lived and perceived spaces, to show, respectively, how open-world games can be (1) fundamentally about space, (2) spaces interconnected with the non-virtual world and (3) disruptive spatial experiences. In utilising The Right to the Virtual City and our players' tendency to retreat into the wild spaces of our case study game, Red Dead Redemption 2, we evoke the same alienating forces of commodification and capitalism to which Lefebvre spoke, positioning open-world video games as both contested spatial experiences and opportunities to challenge spatialised inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. The reification of structural violence in video games.

Author

Denham, Jack, Hirschler, Steven, and Spokes, Matthew

Subjects
VIDEO games, VIOLENCE, AUTOMOBILE theft, REIFICATION
Abstract

The Grand Theft Auto franchise features prominently within existing research exploring graphic, virtual, lawless, and damagingly realistic interpersonal violence within video games. Following a review of this literature, we empirically interrogate notions of the 'realistic' and the 'violent' during gameplay, finding that the undertones of systemic, structural, capitalistic violence are experienced by players as providing the gritty sense of the 'real' that the game has been criticised for. Using Galtung's concept of 'structural violence' and Žižek's notion of the 'real', we unpack structural violence as the forerunning violent experience in the open world game. Due to the hidden and subdued nature of this violence, often taken for granted and experienced passively, we argue that it is the most impactful player experience that simultaneously makes the game playable and contextualises violent game activities. For cultural criminology, our data suggest that embedded and discrete forms of violence should be the leading edge of concern when studying the digital economy and playable forms of social harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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29. Collecting the dead: art, antique and 'aura' in personal collections of murderabilia.

Author

Denham, Jack

Subjects
*ART, *CRIME, *CULTURE, *DEATH, *HOMICIDE, *MEMORY, *VIOLENCE
Abstract

Murderabilia (murder-memorabilia) has enjoyed increasing tabloid attention over the past two-decades. It follows a sustained appetite for the consumption or more 'mainstream' forms of crime and death-based culture, yet has not been explored in a dedicated academic study. Building on work in this journal that has considered dead criminals, the consumption of corpses more generally, or the way that we 'play' with death in popular culture – this paper contributes an ethnography of collectors and collections of death, the dead and murder. It explores the idea that the cultural consumption of crime and death is driven by a desire for visceral, gruesome and violent experiences – and proposes that these desires are accessed, in the case of material objects, through consumptive values of antique, aura and authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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35. 26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3

Author

Newton, Adam J. H., primary, Seidenstein, Alexandra H., additional, McDougal, Robert A., additional, Pérez-Cervera, Alberto, additional, Huguet, Gemma, additional, M-Seara, Tere, additional, Haimerl, Caroline, additional, Angulo-Garcia, David, additional, Torcini, Alessandro, additional, Cossart, Rosa, additional, Malvache, Arnaud, additional, Skiker, Kaoutar, additional, Maouene, Mounir, additional, Ragognetti, Gianmarco, additional, Lorusso, Letizia, additional, Viggiano, Andrea, additional, Marcelli, Angelo, additional, Senatore, Rosa, additional, Parziale, Antonio, additional, Stramaglia, S., additional, Pellicoro, M., additional, Angelini, L., additional, Amico, E., additional, Aerts, H., additional, Cortés, J., additional, Laureys, S., additional, Marinazzo, D., additional, Bassez, I., additional, Faes, L., additional, Almgren, Hannes, additional, Razi, Adeel, additional, Van de Steen, Frederik, additional, Krebs, Ruth, additional, Aerts, Hannelore, additional, Kanari, Lida, additional, Dlotko, Pawel, additional, Scolamiero, Martina, additional, Levi, Ran, additional, Shillcock, Julian, additional, de Kock, Christiaan P.J., additional, Hess, Kathryn, additional, Markram, Henry, additional, Ly, Cheng, additional, Marsat, Gary, additional, Gillespie, Tom, additional, Sandström, Malin, additional, Abrams, Mathew, additional, Grethe, Jeffrey S., additional, Martone, Maryann, additional, De Gernier, Robin, additional, Solinas, Sergio, additional, Rössert, Christian, additional, Haelterman, Marc, additional, Massar, Serge, additional, Pasquale, Valentina, additional, Pastore, Vito Paolo, additional, Martinoia, Sergio, additional, Massobrio, Paolo, additional, Capone, Cristiano, additional, Tort-Colet, Núria, additional, Sanchez-Vives, Maria V., additional, Mattia, Maurizio, additional, Almasi, Ali, additional, Cloherty, Shaun L., additional, Grayden, David B., additional, Wong, Yan T., additional, Ibbotson, Michael R., additional, Meffin, Hamish, additional, Prince, Luke Y., additional, Tsaneva-Atanasova, Krasimira, additional, Mellor, Jack R., additional, Mazzoni, Alberto, additional, Rosa, Manuela, additional, Carpaneto, Jacopo, additional, Romito, Luigi M., additional, Priori, Alberto, additional, Micera, Silvestro, additional, Migliore, Rosanna, additional, Lupascu, Carmen Alina, additional, Franchina, Francesco, additional, Bologna, Luca Leonardo, additional, Romani, Armando, additional, Saray, Sára, additional, Van Geit, Werner, additional, Káli, Szabolcs, additional, Thomson, Alex, additional, Mercer, Audrey, additional, Lange, Sigrun, additional, Falck, Joanne, additional, Muller, Eilif, additional, Schürmann, Felix, additional, Todorov, Dmitrii, additional, Capps, Robert, additional, Barnett, William, additional, Molkov, Yaroslav, additional, Devalle, Federico, additional, Pazó, Diego, additional, Montbrió, Ernest, additional, Mochol, Gabriela, additional, Azab, Habiba, additional, Hayden, Benjamin Y., additional, Moreno-Bote, Rubén, additional, Balasubramani, Pragathi Priyadharsini, additional, Chakravarthy, Srinivasa V., additional, Muddapu, Vignayanandam R., additional, Gheorghiu, Medorian D., additional, Mimica, Bartul, additional, Withlock, Jonathan, additional, Mureșan, Raul C., additional, Zick, Jennifer L., additional, Schultz, Kelsey, additional, Blackman, Rachael K., additional, Chafee, Matthew V., additional, Netoff, Theoden I., additional, Roberts, Nicholas, additional, Nagaraj, Vivek, additional, Lamperski, Andrew, additional, Grado, Logan L., additional, Johnson, Matthew D., additional, Darrow, David P., additional, Lonardoni, Davide, additional, Amin, Hayder, additional, Di Marco, Stefano, additional, Maccione, Alessandro, additional, Berdondini, Luca, additional, Nieus, Thierry, additional, Stimberg, Marcel, additional, Goodman, Dan F. M., additional, Nowotny, Thomas, additional, Koren, Veronika, additional, Dragoi, Valentin, additional, Obermayer, Klaus, additional, Castro, Samy, additional, Fernandez, Mariano, additional, El-Deredy, Wael, additional, Xu, Kesheng, additional, Maidana, Jean Paul, additional, Orio, Patricio, additional, Chen, Weiliang, additional, Hepburn, Iain, additional, Casalegno, Francesco, additional, Devresse, Adrien, additional, Ovcharenko, Aleksandr, additional, Pereira, Fernando, additional, Delalondre, Fabien, additional, De Schutter, Erik, additional, Bratby, Peter, additional, Gallimore, Andrew R., additional, Klingbeil, Guido, additional, Zamora, Criseida, additional, Zang, Yunliang, additional, Crotty, Patrick, additional, Palmerduca, Eric, additional, Antonietti, Alberto, additional, Casellato, Claudia, additional, Erö, Csaba, additional, D’Angelo, Egidio, additional, Gewaltig, Marc-Oliver, additional, Pedrocchi, Alessandra, additional, Bytschok, Ilja, additional, Dold, Dominik, additional, Schemmel, Johannes, additional, Meier, Karlheinz, additional, Petrovici, Mihai A., additional, Shen, Hui-An, additional, Surace, Simone Carlo, additional, Pfister, Jean-Pascal, additional, Lefebvre, Baptiste, additional, Marre, Olivier, additional, Yger, Pierre, additional, Papoutsi, Athanasia, additional, Park, Jiyoung, additional, Ash, Ryan, additional, Smirnakis, Stelios, additional, Poirazi, Panayiota, additional, Felix, Richard A., additional, Dimitrov, Alexander G., additional, Portfors, Christine, additional, Daun, Silvia, additional, Toth, Tibor I., additional, Jędrzejewska-Szmek, Joanna, additional, Kabbani, Nadine, additional, Blackwel, Kim T., additional, Moezzi, Bahar, additional, Schaworonkow, Natalie, additional, Plogmacher, Lukas, additional, Goldsworthy, Mitchell R., additional, Hordacre, Brenton, additional, McDonnell, Mark D., additional, Iannella, Nicolangelo, additional, Ridding, Michael C., additional, Triesch, Jochen, additional, Maex, Reinoud, additional, Safaryan, Karen, additional, Steuber, Volker, additional, Tang, Rongxiang, additional, Tang, Yi-Yuan, additional, Verveyko, Darya V., additional, Brazhe, Alexey R., additional, Verisokin, Andrey Yu, additional, Postnov, Dmitry E., additional, Günay, Cengiz, additional, Panuccio, Gabriella, additional, Giugliano, Michele, additional, Prinz, Astrid A., additional, Varona, Pablo, additional, Rabinovich, Mikhail I., additional, Denham, Jack, additional, Ranner, Thomas, additional, Cohen, Netta, additional, Reva, Maria, additional, Rebola, Nelson, additional, Kirizs, Tekla, additional, Nusser, Zoltan, additional, DiGregorio, David, additional, Mavritsaki, Eirini, additional, Rentzelas, Panos, additional, Ukani, Nikul H., additional, Tomkins, Adam, additional, Yeh, Chung-Heng, additional, Bruning, Wesley, additional, Fenichel, Allison L., additional, Zhou, Yiyin, additional, Huang, Yu-Chi, additional, Florescu, Dorian, additional, Ortiz, Carlos Luna, additional, Richmond, Paul, additional, Lo, Chung-Chuan, additional, Coca, Daniel, additional, Chiang, Ann-Shyn, additional, Lazar, Aurel A., additional, Creaser, Jennifer L., additional, Lin, Congping, additional, Ashwin, Peter, additional, Brown, Jonathan T., additional, Ridler, Thomas, additional, Levenstein, Daniel, additional, Watson, Brendon O., additional, Buzsáki, György, additional, Rinzel, John, additional, Curtu, Rodica, additional, Nguyen, Anh, additional, Assadzadeh, Sahand, additional, Robinson, Peter A., additional, Sanz-Leon, Paula, additional, Forlim, Caroline G., additional, de Almeida, Lírio O. B., additional, Pinto, Reynaldo D., additional, Rodríguez, Francisco B., additional, Lareo, Ángel, additional, Forlim, Caroline Garcia, additional, Montero, Aaron, additional, Mosqueiro, Thiago, additional, Huerta, Ramon, additional, Rodriguez, Francisco B., additional, Changoluisa, Vinicio, additional, Cordeiro, Vinícius L., additional, Ceballos, César C., additional, Kamiji, Nilton L., additional, Roque, Antonio C., additional, Lytton, William W., additional, Knox, Andrew, additional, Rosenthal, Joshua J. C., additional, Popovych, Svitlana, additional, Liu, Liqing, additional, Wang, Bin A., additional, Tóth, Tibor I., additional, Grefkes, Christian, additional, Fink, Gereon R., additional, Rosjat, Nils, additional, Perez-Trujillo, Abraham, additional, Espinal, Andres, additional, Sotelo-Figueroa, Marco A., additional, Cruz-Aceves, Ivan, additional, Rostro-Gonzalez, Horacio, additional, Zapotocky, Martin, additional, Hoskovcová, Martina, additional, Kopecká, Jana, additional, Ulmanová, Olga, additional, Růžička, Evžen, additional, Gärtner, Matthias, additional, Duvarci, Sevil, additional, Roeper, Jochen, additional, Schneider, Gaby, additional, Albert, Stefan, additional, Schmack, Katharina, additional, Remme, Michiel, additional, Schreiber, Susanne, additional, Migliore, Michele, additional, Lupascu, Carmen A., additional, Bologna, Luca L., additional, Antonel, Stefano M., additional, Courcol, Jean-Denis, additional, Çelikok, Sami Utku, additional, Navarro-López, Eva M., additional, Şengör, Neslihan Serap, additional, Elibol, Rahmi, additional, Sengor, Neslihan Serap, additional, Özdemir, Mustafa Yasir, additional, Li, Tianyi, additional, Arleo, Angelo, additional, Sheynikhovich, Denis, additional, Nakamura, Akihiro, additional, Shimono, Masanori, additional, Song, Youngjo, additional, Park, Sol, additional, Choi, Ilhwan, additional, Jeong, Jaeseung, additional, Shin, Hee-sup, additional, Sadeh, Sadra, additional, Gleeson, Padraig, additional, Angus Silver, R., additional, Chatzikalymniou, Alexandra Pierri, additional, Skinner, Frances K., additional, Sanchez-Rodriguez, Lazaro M., additional, Sotero, Roberto C., additional, Hertäg, Loreen, additional, Mackwood, Owen, additional, Sprekeler, Henning, additional, Puhlmann, Steffen, additional, Weber, Simon N., additional, Higgins, David, additional, Naumann, Laura B., additional, Iyer, Ramakrisnan, additional, Mihalas, Stefan, additional, Ticcinelli, Valentina, additional, Stankovski, Tomislav, additional, McClintock, Peter V. E., additional, Stefanovska, Aneta, additional, Janjić, Predrag, additional, Solev, Dimitar, additional, Seifert, Gerald, additional, Kocarev, Ljupčo, additional, Steinhäuser, Christian, additional, Salmasi, Mehrdad, additional, Glasauer, Stefan, additional, Stemmler, Martin, additional, Zhang, Danke, additional, Zhang, Chi, additional, Stepanyants, Armen, additional, Goncharenko, Julia, additional, Kros, Lieke, additional, Davey, Neil, additional, de Zeeuw, Chris, additional, Hoebeek, Freek, additional, Sinha, Ankur, additional, Adams, Roderick, additional, Schmuker, Michael, additional, Psarrou, Maria, additional, Schilstra, Maria, additional, Torben-Nielsen, Benjamin, additional, Metzner, Christoph, additional, Schweikard, Achim, additional, Mäki-Marttunen, Tuomo, additional, Zurowski, Bartosz, additional, Marinazzo, Daniele, additional, Faes, Luca, additional, Stramaglia, Sebastiano, additional, Jordan, Henry O. C., additional, Stringer, Simon M., additional, Gajewska-Dendek, Elżbieta, additional, Suffczyński, Piotr, additional, Tam, Nicoladie, additional, Zouridakis, George, additional, Pollonini, Luca, additional, Asl, Mojtaba Madadi, additional, Valizadeh, Alireza, additional, Tass, Peter A., additional, Nold, Andreas, additional, Fan, Wei, additional, Konrad, Sara, additional, Endle, Heiko, additional, Vogt, Johannes, additional, Tchumatchenko, Tatjana, additional, Herpich, Juliane, additional, Tetzlaff, Christian, additional, Luboeinski, Jannik, additional, Nachstedt, Timo, additional, Ciba, Manuel, additional, Bahmer, Andreas, additional, Thielemann, Christiane, additional, Kuebler, Eric S., additional, Tauskela, Joseph S., additional, Thivierge, Jean-Philippe, additional, Bakker, Rembrandt, additional, García-Amado, María, additional, Evangelio, Marian, additional, Clascá, Francisco, additional, Tiesinga, Paul, additional, Buckley, Christopher L., additional, Toyoizumi, Taro, additional, Dubreuil, Alexis M., additional, Monasson, Rémi, additional, Treves, Alessandro, additional, Spalla, Davide, additional, Rosay, Sophie, additional, Kleberg, Florence I., additional, Wong, Willy, additional, de Oliveira Floriano, Bruno, additional, Matsuo, Toshihiko, additional, Uchida, Tetsuya, additional, Dibenedetto, Domenica, additional, Uludağ, Kâmil, additional, Goodarzinick, Abdorreza, additional, Schmidt, Maximilian, additional, Hilgetag, Claus C., additional, Diesmann, Markus, additional, van Albada, Sacha J., additional, Fauth, Michael, additional, van Rossum, Mark, additional, Reyes-Sánchez, Manuel, additional, Amaducci, Rodrigo, additional, Muñiz, Carlos, additional, Elices, Irene, additional, Arroyo, David, additional, Levi, Rafael, additional, Cohen, Ben, additional, Chow, Carson, additional, Vattikuti, Shashaank, additional, Bertolotti, Elena, additional, Burioni, Raffaella, additional, di Volo, Matteo, additional, Vezzani, Alessandro, additional, Menzat, Bayar, additional, Vogels, Tim P., additional, Wagatsuma, Nobuhiko, additional, Saha, Susmita, additional, Kapoor, Reena, additional, Kerr, Robert, additional, Wagner, John, additional, del Molino, Luis C. Garcia, additional, Yang, Guangyu Robert, additional, Mejias, Jorge F., additional, Wang, Xiao-Jing, additional, Song, Hanbing, additional, Goodliffe, Joseph, additional, Luebke, Jennifer, additional, Weaver, Christina M., additional, Thomas, John, additional, Sinha, Nishant, additional, Shaju, Nikhita, additional, Maszczyk, Tomasz, additional, Jin, Jing, additional, Cash, Sydney S., additional, Dauwels, Justin, additional, Brandon Westover, M., additional, Karimian, Maryam, additional, Moerel, Michelle, additional, De Weerd, Peter, additional, Burwick, Thomas, additional, Westra, Ronald L., additional, Abeysuriya, Romesh, additional, Hadida, Jonathan, additional, Sotiropoulos, Stamatios, additional, Jbabdi, Saad, additional, Woolrich, Mark, additional, Bensmail, Chama, additional, Wrobel, Borys, additional, Zhou, Xiaolong, additional, Ji, Zilong, additional, Liu, Xiao, additional, Xia, Yan, additional, Wu, Si, additional, Wang, Xiao, additional, Zhang, Mingsha, additional, Ofer, Netanel, additional, Shefi, Orit, additional, Yaari, Gur, additional, Carnevale, Ted, additional, Majumdar, Amit, additional, Sivagnanam, Subhashini, additional, Yoshimoto, Kenneth, additional, Smirnova, Elena Y., additional, Amakhin, Dmitry V., additional, Malkin, Sergey L., additional, Zaitsev, Aleksey V., additional, Chizhov, Anton V., additional, Zaleshina, Margarita, additional, Zaleshin, Alexander, additional, Barranca, Victor J., additional, Zhu, George, additional, Skilling, Quinton M., additional, Maruyama, Daniel, additional, Ognjanovski, Nicolette, additional, Aton, Sara J., additional, Zochowski, Michal, additional, Wu, Jiaxing, additional, Aton, Sara, additional, Rich, Scott, additional, Booth, Victoria, additional, Budak, Maral, additional, Dura-Bernal, Salvador, additional, Neymotin, Samuel A., additional, Suter, Benjamin A., additional, Shepherd, Gordon M. G., additional, Felton, Melvin A., additional, Yu, Alfred B., additional, Boothe, David L., additional, Oie, Kelvin S., additional, Franaszczuk, Piotr J., additional, Shuvaev, Sergey A., additional, Başerdem, Batuhan, additional, Zador, Anthony, additional, Koulakov, Alexei A., additional, López-Madrona, Víctor J., additional, Pereda, Ernesto, additional, Mirasso, Claudio R., additional, Canals, Santiago, additional, Masoli, Stefano, additional, Rongala, Udaya B., additional, Spanne, Anton, additional, Jorntell, Henrik, additional, Oddo, Calogero M., additional, Vartanov, Alexander V., additional, Neklyudova, Anastasia K., additional, Kozlovskiy, Stanislav A., additional, Kiselnikov, Andrey A., additional, Marakshina, Julia A., additional, Teleńczuk, Maria, additional, Teleńczuk, Bartosz, additional, Destexhe, Alain, additional, Kuokkanen, Paula T., additional, Kraemer, Anna, additional, McColgan, Thomas, additional, Carr, Catherine E., additional, and Kempter, Richard, additional

Published
2017
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36. Thinking Outside the 'Murder Box': Virtual Violence and Pro-social Action in Video Games.

Author

Denham, Jack and Spokes, Matthew

Subjects
*SOCIAL action, *VIDEO games, *METANARRATIVES, *CRIMINOLOGY, *HEDONISTIC consumption
Abstract

The 'murder box' is a virtual, lawless space where anything goes. According to Atkinson and Rodgers, when debauched and hedonistic experiences are combed-out of our everyday lives as society ascends a gradual arc of civility, voyeuristic, pleasure-seekers can live out their violent, sadistic fantasies. Atkinson and Rodgers apply this popular criminological metanarrative, rooted in Freud, Elias and Presdee, to violence in gaming. In the context of their game of choice (Grand Theft Auto V), we empirically test the idea that given limitless avenues for violence, people will necessarily act out violent desires. We find that player choices are mixed, considered and vary wildly from untamed subjective violence, to more pro-social behaviours. Our contribution is to argue for a more measured understanding of player–game interaction that accounts for the broader spectrum of Elias' work, including those internalized self-controls directing individuals away from hedonistic decisions. At the same time, this contribution should be read as a response to the often absolutist theoretical positions adopted in cultural criminology more broadly that require closer empirical scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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40. Inhibition Underlies Fast Undulatory Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans .

Author

Deng L, Denham JE, Arya C, Yuval O, Cohen N, and Haspel G

Subjects
Animals, Motor Neurons, Muscles, Synapses, Caenorhabditis elegans, Locomotion
Abstract

Inhibition plays important roles in modulating the neural activities of sensory and motor systems at different levels from synapses to brain regions. To achieve coordinated movement, motor systems produce alternating contractions of antagonist muscles, whether along the body axis or within and among limbs, which often involves direct or indirect cross-inhibitory pathways. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , a small network involving excitatory cholinergic and inhibitory GABAergic motoneurons generates the dorsoventral alternation of body-wall muscles that supports undulatory locomotion. Inhibition has been suggested to be necessary for backward undulation because mutants that are defective in GABA transmission exhibit a shrinking phenotype in response to a harsh touch to the head, whereas wild-type animals produce a backward escape response. Here, we demonstrate that the shrinking phenotype is exhibited by wild-type as well as mutant animals in response to harsh touch to the head or tail, but only GABA transmission mutants show slow locomotion after stimulation. Impairment of GABA transmission, either genetically or optogenetically, induces lower undulation frequency and lower translocation speed during crawling and swimming in both directions. The activity patterns of GABAergic motoneurons are different during low-frequency and high-frequency undulation. During low-frequency undulation, GABAergic VD and DD motoneurons show correlated activity patterns, while during high-frequency undulation, their activity alternates. The experimental results suggest at least three non-mutually exclusive roles for inhibition that could underlie fast undulatory locomotion in C. elegans , which we tested with computational models: cross-inhibition or disinhibition of body-wall muscles, or neuronal reset., (Copyright © 2021 Deng et al.)

Published
2021
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41. Signatures of proprioceptive control in Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion.

Author

Denham JE, Ranner T, and Cohen N

Subjects
Animals, Feedback, Sensory, Models, Biological, Models, Neurological, Caenorhabditis elegans physiology, Locomotion physiology, Proprioception physiology
Abstract

Animal neuromechanics describes the coordinated self-propelled movement of a body, subject to the combined effects of internal neural control and mechanical forces. Here we use a computational model to identify effects of neural and mechanical modulation on undulatory forward locomotion of Caenorhabditis elegans , with a focus on proprioceptively driven neural control. We reveal a fundamental relationship between body elasticity and environmental drag in determining the dynamics of the body and demonstrate the manifestation of this relationship in the context of proprioceptively driven control. By considering characteristics unique to proprioceptive neurons, we predict the signatures of internal gait modulation that contrast with the known signatures of externally or biomechanically modulated gait. We further show that proprioceptive feedback can suppress neuromechanical phase lags during undulatory locomotion, contrasting with well studied advancing phase lags that have long been a signature of centrally generated, feed-forward control.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Connectome to behaviour: modelling C. elegans at cellular resolution'., (© 2018 The Author(s).)

Published
2018
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