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Abstract Jamming is an athermal transition between flowing and rigid states in amorphous systems such as granular matter, colloidal suspensions, complex fluids and cells. The jamming transition seems to display mixed aspects of a first-order transition, evidenced by a discontinuity in the coordination number, and a second-order transition, indicated by power-law scalings and diverging lengths. Here we demonstrate that jamming is a first-order transition with quenched disorder in cyclically sheared systems with quasistatic deformations, in two and three dimensions. Based on scaling analyses, we show that fluctuations of the jamming density in finite-sized systems have important consequences on the finite-size effects of various quantities, resulting in a square relationship between disconnected and connected susceptibilities, a key signature of the first-order transition with quenched disorder. This study puts the jamming transition into the category of a broad class of transitions in disordered systems where sample-to-sample fluctuations dominate over thermal fluctuations, suggesting that the nature and behavior of the jamming transition might be better understood within the developed theoretical framework of the athermally driven random-field Ising model.

Linqi Li,1 Jing Cao,2 Jiao Qin,2 Xiangxiang Chen,2 Feng Yuan,2 Ping Deng,2,* Hebin Xie1,2,* 1School of Public Health, University of South China, Heng Yang, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hebin Xie, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15173132201, Email 2018050642@usc.edu.cnPurpose: To analyze the factors affecting patients’ prognoses based on the community acquired-bloodstream infection patient data from 2017 to 2021.Patients and Methods: The data of 940 patients were retrieved, having at least one positive bilateral blood culture within 48 hours of hospitalization, and grouped into survivor and non-survivor groups. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, causative pathogen and other indicators were collected and compared, and risk factors were identified by applying Cox proportional hazard regression model to the data.Results: Community acquired-bloodstream infection is most commonly caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Staphylococcus hominis. Among the total of 940 selected patients, 52 (5.5%) died during hospitalization. The demographic parameters like age and gender, clinical protocols like maintenance hemodialysis, glucocorticoid use during hospitalization, catheter placement, procaicitonin, total protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid contents and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were significantly different between the survivor and non-survivor groups. The survival analysis results revealed that age (HR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00– 1.05, P=0.002), glucocorticoid use during hospitalization (HR=3.69, 95% CI: 1.62– 8.37, P=0.021) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (HR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.03– 1.18, P=0.004) might be the risk factors affecting 30-day mortality in patients with community acquired-bloodstream infection.Conclusion: The identified risk factors may help guide clinical treatment protocol for patients with community acquired-bloodstream infection, providing more effective treatment strategy selection with improved clinical outcomes.Keywords: prognosis, pathogen, clinical characteristics, treatment

Hydrodynamic cavitation is widely used in many fields such as water treatment, impact rock breaking, and food preparation. The performance of hydrodynamic cavitation is closely related to its internal flow field. In the present study, cavitation flow field was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics in the reactor. The cavitation performance of the rotor is evaluated under different operating conditions. The time frequency distribution of pressure pulsation is studied. The pressure increases at the connection point between the local low-pressure area and the mainstream low-pressure area. Cavitation bubbles collapsed at the tail end of the cavity to form a local void area. The blade frequency amplitude of pressure pulsation shows the significant periodic change. The blade frequency amplitude decreases along the flow direction. The effect of the fluid outlet led to the increase in the second-order harmonic frequency amplitude. The research results could provide theoretical support for the research of cavitation mechanism of cavitation equipment.

The multi-scale chemical composition distribution and microstructure of Alloy 52 M overlay on low alloy steel by hot wire plasma arc cladding (HWPC) were characterized. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) growth rates were quantified in the dilution zone (DZ) near the fusion boundary and in the bulk of Alloy 52 M using compact tension samples with a thickened cladding overlay. The DZ of the Alloy 52 M side exhibited a single macroscopic dilution zone containing approximately 27–28 wt% Cr and 50 wt% Ni, in contrast to the multiple dilution zones observed in the DZ of Alloy 52 M overlays or joints prepared using other welding technologies such as submerged arc welding (SMAW). The DZ of the HWPC overlay exhibited less dilution of Cr and Ni compared to SMAW weldment. This resulted in a shorter average SCC band and fewer local intergranular cracks in the DZ of HWPC, as observed from SCC crack growth rate specimens tested in simulated PWR primary water at 325 °C and 350 °C. These findings highlight the advantages of utilizing HWPC to enhance SCC resistance in the DZ of Alloy 52 M overlays over conventional cladding technologies.

Facing the future vision of ubiquitous network coverage, the deep integration and cooperative networking between satellite and terrestrial mobile communication network is a necessary technical path to build a space-air-ground integrated network, which can support access at anytime and anywhere. Firstly, current situation and development trend of space-air-ground integrated network were introduced. Then, the network architecture of satellite-terrestrial network and the design of space-based simplified core network were discussed, as well as the key technologies of satellite-terrestrial network. Finally, the proposed network architecture was verified by relevant experiments. and the follow-up research plan and outlook for future directions were discussed.

BackgroundThe overall understanding of the correlations between mortality risk and phytoestrogens in general population remains limited. We examined the association between urinary phytoestrogen levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsWeighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nonlinear relationships were assessed using multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic splines (RCS).ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, the highest quartiles of urinary genistein levels were correlated with significantly elevated all-cause (HR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.16–1.59) and cardiovascular (HR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.20–2.09) mortality. Urinary enterolactone levels in the third quartile were associated with reduced all-cause (HR = 0.77, 95%CI: 0.65–0.90) and cardiovascular (HR = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.55–0.99) mortality. In the highest quartiles of urinary daidzein levels, the cardiovascular mortality was significantly increased (HR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.09–1.90). RCS showed an non-linear relationship between urinary daidzein levels and all-cause mortality (P = 0.04).ConclusionIn the context of a nationally representative sample, genistein exhibited associations with elevated all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, whereas enterolactone showed an association with reduced mortality. The dose–response relationship between urinary daidzein levels and all-cause mortality as well as sex-specific disparities in the impact of phytoestrogen levels should be considered.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of liver cancer among people living with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Our study aimed to estimate the global burden and trends of liver cancer attributable to comorbid T2DM among people living with HBV from 1990 to 2019. Methods We calculated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of liver cancer attributable to comorbid T2DM among the burden of HBV-related liver cancer. We applied the PAFs to the burden of HBV-related liver cancer derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database to obtain the burden of liver cancer attributable to HBV–T2DM comorbidity. The prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALY), and deaths of liver cancer attributable to the comorbidity were assessed at the global, regional, and country levels and then stratified by the sociodemographic index (SDI), sex, and age group. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Results In 2019, the global age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of liver cancer attributable to HBV–T2DM comorbidity were 9.9 (8.4–11.5) and 182.4 (154.9–212.7) per 10,000,000 individuals, respectively. High-income Asia Pacific and East Asia had the highest age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of liver cancer attributable to HBV–T2DM comorbidity, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates increased in 16 out of 21 GBD regions. High-income North America had the largest annual increases in both age-standardized prevalence rates (EAPC = 6.07; 95% UI, 5.59 to 6.56) and DALY rates (EAPC = 4.77; 95% UI, 4.35 to 5.20), followed by Australasia and Central Asia. Across all SDI regions, the high SDI region exhibited the most rapid increase in age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates from 1990 to 2019. Additionally, men had consistently higher disease burdens than women across all age groups. The patterns of mortality burden and trends are similar to those of DALYs. Conclusions The burden of liver cancer attributable to comorbid T2DM among people living with HBV has exhibited an increasing trend across most regions over the last three decades. Tailored prevention strategies targeting T2DM should be implemented among individuals living with HBV.

With the development of the social informatization, the demand for optical fiber communication system capacity continues to grow. Channel impairment has always been the key factor limiting the capacity in optical fiber communication system. As the basic function and key technology in optical fiber communication system, channel impairment compensation is constantly improved. Applying deep learning technology in channel impairment compensation of optical fiber communication has attracted the attention of many researchers. This paper introduces the common deep learning models used and the development of deep learning technology for impairments compensation of optical fiber communication systems in recent years.

Abstract Background Advanced cancer patients with good Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (score 0–1) are underrepresented in current qualitative reports compared with their dying counterparts. Aim To explore the experiences and care needs of advanced cancer patients with good ECOG. Design A qualitative phenomenological approach using semi-structured interview was employed. Data was analyzed using the Colaizzi’s method. Setting/Participants Purposive sample of terminal solid cancer patients on palliative care aged 18–70 years with a 0–1 ECOG score were recruited from a tertiary general hospital. Results Sixteen participants were interviewed. Seven themes were generated from the transcripts, including experiencing no or mild symptoms; independence in self-care, decision-making, and financial capacity; prioritization of cancer growth suppression over symptom management; financial concerns; hope for prognosis and life; reluctance to discuss death and after-death arrangements; and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and religious coping. Conclusions Advanced cancer patients with good ECOG have distinct experiences and care needs from their dying counterparts. They tend to experience no or mild symptoms, demonstrate a strong sense of independence, and prioritize cancer suppression over symptom management. Financial concerns were common and impact their care-related decision-making. Though being hopeful for their prognosis and life, many are reluctant to discuss death and after-death arrangements. Many Chinese patients use herbal medicine as a CAM modality but need improved awareness of and accessibility to treatment options. Healthcare professionals and policy-makers should recognize their unique experiences and needs when tailoring care strategies and policies.

Nasal septal cartilages (NSCs) and mandibular condyle cartilages (MCCs) are two important cartilages for craniomaxillofacial development. However, the role of FLRT2 in the formation of NSCs and MCCs remains undiscovered. NSCs and MCCs were used for immunocytochemistry staining of collagen II, toluidine blue staining, and alcian blue staining. Quantitative reverse transcription‑PCR and western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of FLRT2, N-cadherin, collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9. Cell proliferation of MCCs and NSCs was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cell counting kit‑8 assay. Cell migration of MCCs and NSCs was examined by wound healing assay and Transwell. Chondrogenesis of MCCs and NSCs were similar in morphological characteristics, while different in cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix. FLRT2 promotes the proliferation and migration of NSCs. There were up-regulation of N-cadherin and down-regulation of collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in NSC with knock down FLRT2. The current study, as demonstrated by Xie et al., reveals that FLRT2 overexpression in Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats promotes the proliferation and migration of NSCs and MCCs, decreases N-cadherin while increases collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in NSC and MCCs. Altogether, FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of NSCs and MCCs.

We present the results of two population surveys conducted 10 years apart (December 2010–February 2011 and December 2020–January 2021) of the Critically Endangered white-headed langur Trachypithecus leucocephalus in the Chongzuo White-Headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, China. In the first survey, we recorded 818 individuals in 105 groups and 16 solitary adult males. In the second survey, we recorded 1,183 individuals in 128 groups and one solitary adult male. As a result of government policies, poaching for food and traditional medicine is no longer a primary threat to these langurs. However, severe forest loss and fragmentation caused by human activities could limit any future increase of this langur population.

IntroductionPseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes various infectious diseases through the regulation of quorum sensing (QS). The strategy of interfering with the QS systems of P. aeruginosa, coupled with a reduction in the dosage of conventional antibiotics, presents a potential solution to treating infection and mitigating antibiotic resistance. In this study, seven cinnamoyl hydroxamates were synthesized to evaluate their inhibitory effects on QS of P. aeruginosa. Among these cinnamic acid derivatives, we found cinnamoyl hydroxamic acid (CHA) and 3-methoxy-cinnamoyl hydroxamic acid (MCHA) were the two most effective candidates. Furtherly, the effect of CHA and MCHA on the production of virulence factors and biofilm of P. aeruginosa were evaluated. Ultimately, our study may offer promising potential for treating P. aeruginosa infections and reducing its virulence.MethodsThe disc diffusion test were conducted to evaluate inhibitory effects on QS of seven cinnamoyl hydroxamates. The influence of CHA and MCHA on the production of virulence and flagellar motility of P. aeruginosa was furtherly explored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiment were conducted to evaluate the suppression of CHA and MCHA on the formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa. RT-qPCR was used to detect rhlI, lasA, lasB, rhlA, rhlB, and oprL genes in P. aeruginosa. In silico docking study was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of CHA and MCHA. The synergistic effects of CHA with gentamicin were detected on biofilm cell dispersal.ResultAfter treatment of CHA or MCHA, the production of multiple virulence factors, including pyocyanin, proteases, rhamnolipid, and siderophore, and swimming and swarming motilities in P. aeruginosa were inhibited significantly. And our results showed CHA and MCHA could eliminate the formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa. RT-qPCR revealed that CHA and MCHA inhibited the expression of QS related genes in P. aeruginosa. Molecular docking indicated that CHA and MCHA primarily inhibited the RhlI/R system in P. aeruginosa by competing with the cognate signaling molecule C4-HSL.Additionally, CHA exhibited potent synergistic effects with gentamicin on biofilm cell dispersal.DiscussionP. aeruginosa is one of the most clinically and epidemiologically important bacteria and a primary cause of catheter-related urinary tract infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study aims to explore whether cinnamoyl hydroxamates have inhibitory effects on QS. And our results indicate that CHA and MCHA, as two novel QSIs, offer promising potential for treating P. aeruginosa infections and reducing its virulence.

[Objective] To explore the mechanism of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings adapting to the drought-rehydration environment in Karst area, China, using the seedlings of C. glauca as materials, which providds theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and artificial afforestation in the region. [Methods] Water control experiments in pots were carried out. The effects of four different drought treatments, including control (-0.1 MPa), mild drought (-0.5 MPa), moderate drought (-0.9 MPa), severe drought (-1.5 MPa), and rehydration treatments, on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and anatomical structure of leaves were studied. [Results] (1) With the increase in drought stress intensity, the leaf relative water content, water potential, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly decreased, while stomatal limitation (Ls) was increased significantly. Photosynthetic parameters under mild stress and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) under mild and moderate drought stress were not significantly affected. After rehydration, leaf water parameters, Pn, Tr, Gs, Ci, and WUE under drought stress were higher than those before rehydration, while Ls was lower than those before rehydration. The leaf water conditions and photosynthetic parameters under mild drought stress were better than those of the control after rehydration. Only Ls under moderate drought stress did not recover to the level of the control after rehydration. Neither leaf water content nor photosynthetic parameters under severe drought stress were recovered to the level of the control after rehydration. (2) With the increase in drought stress intensity, the initial fluorescence (Fo) of leaves were increased significantly, while the maximum fluorescence (Fm), maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) of leaves were decreased significantly. There were significant differences in these parameters between mild drought stress and control. After rehydration, Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fo under drought stress were higher than those before rehydration, whereas Fo was slightly lower than that before rehydration. All the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters after rehydration under mild stress recovered to or better than those of the control. Fo under moderate and severe drought stress did not return to the control level after rehydration, and Fv/Fm under severe stress was only 0.75 after rehydration. (3) With the increase in drought stress, leaf thickness, upper and lower epidermis thickness, stomatal density, and main vein conduit diameter were increased significantly, the length and width of stomatal apparatus, stomatal opening area, and sponge tissue thickness were decreased significantly, while palisade tissue thickness, ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness, and main vein thickness were changed in the order of moderate > mild > control > severe drought stress. After rehydration, only the stomatal opening area and the thickness of main leaf veins under drought stress were increased significantly compared with that before rehydration. After rehydration, the leaf structural parameters under mild drought stress were restored to or better than those of the control. The stomatal opening area after rehydration in moderate drought stress was still significantly lower than that of the control. After rehydration, the stomatal opening area under severe drought stress failed to recover, and the thickness of main veins under severe drought stress was lower than that of the control. [Conclusion] C. glauca seedlings have strong drought tolerant ability and postdrought recovery ability, which are suitable for ecological restoration in Karst area. The seedlings need to be protected from moderate drought stress (-0.9 MPa) in the nurturing stage, to facilitate post-drought recovery.

Background & Aims: Chronic inflammatory illnesses are debilitating and recurrent conditions associated with significant comorbidities, including an increased risk of developing cancer. Extensive tissue remodeling is a hallmark of such illnesses, and is both a consequence and a mediator of disease progression. Despite previous characterization of epithelial and stromal remodeling during inflammatory bowel disease, a complete understanding of its impact on disease progression is lacking. Methods: A comprehensive proteomic pipeline using data-independent acquisition was applied to decellularized colon samples from the Muc2 knockout (Muc2KO) mouse model of colitis for an in-depth characterization of extracellular matrix remodeling. Unique proteomic profiles of the matrisomal landscape were extracted from prepathologic and overt colitis. Integration of proteomics and transcriptomics data sets extracted from the same murine model produced network maps describing the orchestrating role of matrisomal proteins in tissue remodeling during the progression of colitis. Results: The in-depth proteomic workflow used here allowed the addition of 34 proteins to the known colon matrisomal signature. Protein signatures of prepathologic and pathologic colitic states were extracted, differentiating the 2 states by expression of small leucine-rich proteoglycans. We outlined the role of this class and other matrisomal proteins in tissue remodeling during colitis, as well as the potential for coordinated regulation of cell types by matrisomal ligands. Conclusions: Our work highlights a central role for matrisomal proteins in tissue remodeling during colitis and defines orchestrating nodes that can be exploited in the selection of therapeutic targets.

Abstract Background The CRX-associated autosomal dominant retinopathies suggest a possible pathogenic mechanism of gene haploinsufficiency. However, based on reported human patient cases and studies with mouse models, it is hard to confirm the specific weight of haploinsufficiency in pathogenesis due to the interspecies gaps between gene expression and function. Methods We created monoallelic CRX by replacing one allele with tdTomato in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and subsequently dissect pathogenesis in hESCs-derived retinal organoids. We used transcriptome and immunofluorescence analyses to dissect phenotypic differences between CRX-monoallelic knockout and control wildtype organoids. For location analysis of CRX + cells, a CRX-expression-tracing system was constructed in control hESCs. We implemented long-term live-cell imaging to describe the translocation of CRX+ cells between two groups in early organoid differentiation. The expression pattern of these dynamic differences was validated using RNA-seq and immunofluorescence assays. Results We identified delayed differentiation of outer nuclear layer (ONL) stratification along with thinner ONL, serious loss of photoreceptor outer segments, as well as downregulated expression of gene for phototransduction and inner/outer segment formation. By live-cell imaging and immunostaining, we observed the overtension of actomyosin network and the arrested translocation of monoallelic CRX + cells in the early stage of retinal differentiation. Conclusions We confirmed that gene haploinsufficiency is the mechanism for the dominant pathogenicity of CRX and discovered that CRX regulated postmitotic photoreceptor precursor translocation in addition to its specification of photoreceptor cell fates during human retinal development. These findings revealed a new underlying mechanism of CRX dominant pathogenesis and provided a new clue for the treatment of CRX-associated human retinopathies.

Abstract Tumor cell-released LC3+ extracellular vesicles (LC3+ EVs) participate in immunosuppression during autophagy and contribute to the occurrence and development of breast cancer. In view of the strong association between the LC3+ EVs and breast cancer, developing an effective strategy for the quantitative detection of LC3+ EVs levels with high sensitivity to identify LC3+ EVs as new biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of breast cancer is crucial, but yet not been reported. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor is presented for the quantitative determination of LC3+ EVs using a three-dimensional graphene oxide hydrogel-methylene blue composite as a redox probe, showing a low detection limit and a wide linear range. With this immunosensor, the expression levels of LC3+ EVs in various practical sample groups including different cancer cell lines, the peripheral blood of tumor-bearing mice before and after immunotherapy, and the peripheral blood from breast cancer patients with different subtypes and stages were clearly distinguished. This study demonstrated that LC3+ EVs were superior as biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of breast cancer compared to traditional biomarkers, particularly for cancer subtype discrimination. This work would provide a new noninvasive detection tool for the early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of breast cancer in clinics.

Introduction:Current clinical research has reported the effectiveness and safety of venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents (VEN-HMA) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Thus, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of VEN-HMA therapy in patients with MDS and CMML and compared its short-term and long-term therapeutic effects with HMA monotherapy.Method:We analyzed data from our center, comprising 19 patients with MDS and CMML who received VEN-HMA therapy, compared to 32 patients treated with HMA monotherapy.Results:The overall response rate (ORR) in the VEN-HMA group was 73.7%, compared to 59.4% in the HMA group. The survival analysis revealed that the median overall survival (mOS) time in the VEN-HMA group was 16 months, with a median progression-free survival (mPFS) time of 9 months, both of which were longer than those observed in the HMA group (p < 0.05). Key adverse events (AEs) included grade 3–4 neutropenia (89.5% in VEN-HMA group vs. 87.5% in HMA group), grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia (73.7% vs. 71.9%), and anemia (73.7% vs. 90.6%). Infection of grade 3 or higher occurred in 63.2% of patients in the VEN-HMA group and 65.6% of patients in the HMA group.Discussion:Our study has confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the combined treatment of HMAs and venetoclax, which offers significant advantages to patients due to the relatively high and rapid response rates.

Objectives: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) shows poor prognosis since it metastasizes widely at early stage. Paired box gene (PAX) 8 is a transcriptional factor of PAX family, of which the expression in lung cancer is a controversial issue, and its prognostic value of PAX8 in SCLC is still unclear. Materials and methods: Overall, 184 subjects who were pathologically diagnosed with SCLC were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of PAX8 and Ki-67 were performed. The correlations between PAX8 expression and clinical features or Ki-67 index were further analyzed. Subsequently, an analysis of the association between PAX8, stage, Ki-67 status, and overall survival (OS) were performed in 169 subjects with follow-up information. Results: PAX8 was positive in 53.8% (99/184) SCLC specimens. The positive rate is significantly higher in extensive-stage specimens (61.0%) than in limited-stage specimens (45.24%). PAX8 expression is positively correlated with Ki-67 index (P = 0.001) while negatively correlated with OS (HR = 3.725, 95% CI 1.943–7.139, P＜0.001). In combination groups, the PAX8 negative and limited stage group had the most promising OS. Conclusion: PAX8 expression rate in SCLC specimens is not low. It has prognostic value in small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) injection, when combined with conventional treatment (CT), for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted in seven databases from inception until 28 September 2023. The search aimed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on PNS injection in the context of AMI. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and its protocol was registered with PROSPERO (number: CRD42023480131).Result: Twenty RCTs involving 1,881 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that PNS injection, used adjunctively with CT, significantly improved treatment outcomes compared to CT alone, as evidenced by the following points: (1) enhanced total effective rate [OR = 3.09, p < 0.05]; (2) decreased incidence of major adverse cardiac events [OR = 0.32, p < 0.05]; (3) reduction in myocardial infarct size [MD = −6.53, p < 0.05]; (4) lower ST segment elevation amplitude [MD = −0.48, p < 0.05]; (5) mitigated myocardial injury as indicated by decreased levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes [MD = −11.19, p < 0.05], cardiac troponin T [MD = −3.01, p < 0.05], and cardiac troponin I [MD = −10.72, p < 0.05]; (6) enhanced cardiac function, reflected in improved brain natriuretic peptide [MD = −91.57, p < 0.05], left ventricular ejection fraction [MD = 5.91, p < 0.05], left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [MD = −3.08, p < 0.05], and cardiac output [MD = 0.53, p < 0.05]; (7) reduced inflammatory response, as shown by lower levels of C-reactive protein [MD = −2.99, p < 0.05], tumor necrosis factor-α [MD = −6.47, p < 0.05], interleukin-6 [MD = −24.46, p < 0.05], and pentraxin-3 [MD = −2.26, p < 0.05]; (8) improved vascular endothelial function, demonstrated by decreased endothelin-1 [MD = −20.56, p < 0.05] and increased nitric oxide [MD = 1.33, p < 0.05]; (9) alleviated oxidative stress, evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase levels [MD = 25.84, p < 0.05]; (10) no significant difference in adverse events [OR = 1.00, p = 1.00].Conclusion: This study highlighted the efficacy and safety of adjunctive PNS injections in enhancing AMI patient outcomes beyond CT alone. Future RCTs need to solidify these findings through rigorous methods.Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/), identifier (CRD42023480131)

A self-designed spherical Ti64 powder containing nanosized TiB whisker(TiBw) was developed by electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA), which was used as feedstock to prepare Ti64-TiBw composites by electron beam melting (EBM). Nano-scaled TiBw distributed along the grain boundaries, forming a discontinuous network structure in EBM-Ti64-TiBw composites. In order to elucidate the effect of nano-sized TiBw on microstructure and properties of EBM-Ti64-TiBw composites, heat treatment of as-fabricated EBM-Ti64-TiBw is performed from 800 to 1200 °C with interval of 100 °C, to regulate the size characteristics (diameter, aspect ratio) of TiBw, the revolution of microstructure and interface were studied in detail. The results indicate that Ti64/TiBw interface structure transforms from a semi-coherent interface to a coherent interface with increasing heat treatment temperature (HTT). Furthermore, TiBw begin to coarsen after the heat treatment above the β-transus temperature, leading to a weakening of its pinning effect on Ti64 matrix, and the discontinuous network structure disappears at 1000 °C. The growth and coarsening of TiBw are closely related to the diffusion rate of B atom in α-Ti and β-Ti phases. This work provides a theoretical foundation for size control of TiBw reinforcement and the elucidation of its evolution effect on microstructure in EBM-Ti64-TiBw composites.

Abstract Melanopsin (OPN4) is a light-sensitive protein that plays a vital role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and other nonvisual functions. Current research on OPN4 has focused on mammals; more evidence is needed from non-mammalian vertebrates to fully assess the significance of the non-visual photosensitization of OPN4 for circadian rhythm regulation. There are species differences in the regulatory mechanisms of OPN4 for vertebrate circadian rhythms, which may be due to the differences in the cutting variants, tissue localization, and photosensitive activation pathway of OPN4. We here summarize the distribution of OPN4 in mammals, birds, and teleost fish, and the classical excitation mode for the non-visual photosensitive function of OPN4 in mammals is discussed. In addition, the role of OPN4-expressing cells in regulating circadian rhythm in different vertebrates is highlighted, and the potential rhythmic regulatory effects of various neuropeptides or neurotransmitters expressed in mammalian OPN4-expressing ganglion cells are summarized among them.

Abstract One-pot synthesis of heterocyclic aromatics with good optical properties from phenolic β-O-4 lignin segments is of high importance to meet high value added biorefinery demands. However, executing this process remains a huge challenge due to the incompatible reaction conditions of the depolymerization of lignin β-O-4 segments containing γ-OH functionalities and bioresource-based aggregation-induced emission luminogens (BioAIEgens) formation with the desired properties. In this work, benzannulation reactions starting from lignin β-O-4 moieties with 3-alkenylated indoles catalyzed by vanadium-based complexes have been successfully developed, affording a wide range of functionalized carbazoles with up to 92% yield. Experiments and density functional theory calculations suggest that the reaction pathway involves the selective cleavage of double C-O bonds/Diels-Alder cycloaddition/dehydrogenative aromatization. Photophysical investigations show that these carbazole products represent a class of BioAIEgens with twisted intramolecular charge transfer. Distinctions of emission behavior were revealed based on unique acceptor-donor-acceptor-type molecular conformations as well as molecular packings. This work features lignin β-O-4 motifs with γ-OH functionalities as renewable substrates, without the need to apply external oxidant/reductant systems. Here, we show a concise and sustainable route to functional carbazoles with AIE properties, building a bridge between lignin and BioAIE materials.

The use of acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) to reconstruct long nerve gaps (>3 cm) is associated with limited axon regeneration. To understand why ANA length might limit regeneration, we focused on identifying differences in the regenerative and vascular microenvironment that develop within ANAs based on their length. A rat sciatic nerve gap model was repaired with either short (2 cm) or long (4 cm) ANAs, and histomorphometry was used to measure myelinated axon regeneration and blood vessel morphology at various timepoints (2-, 4- and 8-weeks). Both groups demonstrated robust axonal regeneration within the proximal graft region, which continued across the mid-distal graft of short ANAs as time progressed. By 8 weeks, long ANAs had limited regeneration across the ANA and into the distal nerve (98 vs. 7583 axons in short ANAs). Interestingly, blood vessels within the mid-distal graft of long ANAs underwent morphological changes characteristic of an inflammatory pathology by 8 weeks post surgery. Gene expression analysis revealed an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the mid-distal graft region of long vs. short ANAs, which coincided with pathological changes in blood vessels. Our data show evidence of limited axonal regeneration and the development of a pro-inflammatory environment within long ANAs.

Multi-element alloys (e.g., non-equiatomic FeMnCoCr alloys) have attracted extensive attention from researchers due to the breaking of the strengthen-ductility tradeoff relationship. Plenty of work has been conducted to investigate the ingredient-dependent deformation mechanism in these alloys in experiments. However, the atomic simulations on such parameter-related mechanisms are greatly limited with the lack of the related interatomic potentials. In this work, two interatomic potentials are developed within the embedded atom method (EAM) framework for Fe80−xMnxCo10Cr10 high-entropy alloys. The tunability of the cohesive energy-related martensitic transformation (MT) mechanism was comprehensively investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) through a series of unilateral crack configurations with different twin boundary spacings (TBs). It is noted that the main deformation mechanism around the crack tip is transformed from a martensitic transformation to dislocation activities (dislocation or twin) with the variation of different cohesive energies between face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phases. Additionally, the introduction of twin boundaries significantly enhances the strength and toughness of the alloys. The newly developed interatomic potentials are expected to provide theoretical support for the related simulations, focusing the martensitic transformation mechanism on high-entropy alloys.

Tao Yang,1– 4 Haiqiong Liu,1,3,4 Chaobo Yang,1,3,4 Huaqiang Mo,1,3,4 Xianbao Wang,1,3,4 Xudong Song,1,3,4 Luping Jiang,2 Ping Deng,2 Ran Chen,2 Pengcui Wu,2 Aihua Chen,1,3,4 Jing Yan1,3,4 1Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, People’s Republic of China; 3Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jing Yan; Aihua Chen, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-2061643686, Email yanve1008@126.com; chenaha@126.comPurpose: Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a crucial clinical problem globally. The molecular mechanisms of MIRI need to be fully explored to develop new therapeutic methods. Galangin (Gal), which is a natural flavonoid extracted from Alpinia Officinarum Hance and Propolis, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, but its effects on MIRI remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the pharmacological effects of Gal on MIRI.Methods: C57BL/6 mice underwent reperfusion for 3 h after 45 min of ischemia, and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR) were cultured as in vivo and in vitro models. Echocardiography and TTC-Evans Blue staining were performed to evaluate the myocardial injury. Transmission electron microscope and JC-1 staining were used to validate the mitochondrial function. Additionally, Western blot detected ferroptosis markers, including Gpx4, FTH, and xCT.Results: Gal treatment alleviated cardiac myofibril damage, reduced infarction size, improved cardiac function, and prevented mitochondrial injury in mice with MIRI. Gal significantly alleviated HR-induced cell death and mitigated mitochondrial membrane potential reduction in NRCs. Furthermore, Gal significantly inhibited ferroptosis by preventing iron overload and lipid peroxidation, as well as regulating Gpx4, FTH, and xCT expression levels. Moreover, Gal up-regulated nuclear transcriptive factor Nrf2 in HR-treated NRCs. Nrf2 inhibition by Brusatol abolished the protective effect of Gal against ferroptosis.Conclusion: This study revealed that Gal alleviates myocardial ischemic reperfusion-induced ferroptosis by targeting Nrf2/Gpx4 signaling pathway.Keywords: galangin, ferroptosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, Nrf2, Gpx4

Abstract N-N axially chiral biaryls represent a rarely explored class of atropisomers. Reported herein is construction of diverse classes of diaxially chiral biaryls containing N-N and C-N/C-C diaxes in distal positions in excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. The N-N chiral axis in the products provides a handle toward solvent-driven diastereodivergence, as has been realized in the coupling of a large scope of benzamides and sterically hindered alkynes, affording diaxes in complementary diastereoselectivity. The diastereodivergence has been elucidated by computational studies which revealed that the hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent molecule participated in an unusual manner as a solvent as well as a ligand and switched the sequence of two competing elementary steps, resulting in switch of the stereoselectivity of the alkyne insertion and inversion of the configuration of the C-C axis. Further cleavage of the N-directing group in the diaxial chiral products transforms the diastereodivergence to enantiodivergence.

Liqun Hao,1 Yue Zhou,1 Jiatong Zou,1 Lirong Hao,2 Peng Deng1 1Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital Shangjin Branch, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Peng Deng, Email 326038901@qq.comBackground: To explore the predictive value of the Programme on Research for Integrating Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy 7 (PRISMA-7), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, Emergency Severity Index (ESI), and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) on the 28-day mortality risk in emergency elderly patients.Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted to select elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) admitted to the emergency department of three Grade-A hospitals in different regions of China from January 2020 to March 2022. Primary data were collected at the time of admission. All patients were followed up for 28 days. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The predictive value of four scoring systems for 28-day mortality in elderly emergency patients was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 687 elderly emergency patients were enrolled, of whom 66 (9.61%) died within 28 days. Age, ICU admission rate, PRISMA-7, qSOFA, and CFS were significantly higher in the death group than in the survival group (P < 0.05), and ESI was lower than in the survival group (P < 0.001). The AUC for CFS was the largest of the four scoring systems at 0.80. According to the Youden index, the optimal cutoff values for PRISMA-7, qSOFA, ESI, and CFS were > 3.5, > 0.5, < 2.5, and > 4.5, respectively. Logistic regression revealed that qSOFA and CFS were the primary risk factors for increased 28-day mortality in elderly emergency patients (P < 0.001). The combined predictor L (L=X1+0.50X2, X1 and X2 are qSOFA and CFS values, respectively) had an AUC of 0.86 and a cutoff value > 2.75.Conclusion: PRISMA-7, qSOFA, ESI, CFS, and the combined qSOFA+CFS predictor were all effective predictors of 28-day mortality risk in elderly emergency patients, with the combined qSOFA+CFS predictor having the best predictive power.Keywords: PRISMA-7, qSOFA, CFS, elderly patient, prognosis

Paihe Deng, Huimin Hu Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Huimin Hu, Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210011, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 1385 1616 797, Email hhm13851616797@163.comObjective: Endothelial cell pyroptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated.Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to H/R acted as in vitro model to investigate the mechanism of H/R-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis. CCK-8 assays were performed to investigate the viability of HUVECs. Calcein-AM/PI staining was carried out to quantify the death of HUVECs. The expression level of miR-22 was measured by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1 (c-caspase-1), GSDMD-N and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were measured by Western blot. Levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in culture medium were detected by ELISA. The intracellular localization of EZH2 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to detect the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in the miR-22 promoter region. The binding between miR-22 and NLRP3 in HUVECs was confirmed by the dual luciferase assay. Reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation was conducted to detect the direct interaction between HSP90 and EZH2.Results: H/R increased EZH2 expression, and the EZH2 siRNA could inhibit H/R-induced pyroptosis in HUVECs. H/R reduced miR-22 expression, which was reversed by EZH2 siRNA. Silencing of miR-22 by its inhibitor reversed EZH2 siRNA-induced pyroptosis inhibition in H/R-exposed HUVECs. Upregulation of miR-22 by its mimic suppressed EZH2 overexpression-enhanced pyroptosis in H/R-exposed HUVECs. ChIP assay confirmed that EZH2 bound to the miR-22 promoter region and repressed miR-22 expression through H3K27me3. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay indicated that NLRP3 was a direct target of miR- 22 in HUVECs. Finally, HSP90 siRNA inhibited H/R-induced EZH2 expression, miR-22 downregulation, and pyroptosis in HUVECs.Conclusion: H/R induces pyroptosis via the HSP90/EZH2/miR-22/NLRP3 signaling axis in endothelial cells.Keywords: HSP90, EZH2, miR-22, pyroptosis, endothelial cells

Ecosystem functions in wetlands are increasingly degrading under the multiple stresses of climate change and human disturbances. Traditional wetland bioassessment is usually based on taxonomic approaches but this approach has limitations. To explore the effectiveness of functional traits in response to environmental changes, we compared the traditional taxonomic composition of chironomid communities with a trait-based approach in a subtropical subalpine wetland (Central China) spanning a wide habitat gradient from dry peatland to inundated peatland pools. The results revealed that 57 % of functional trait groups but only 38 % of taxonomic groups examined were significantly different between diverse peatland habitats. Sphagnum moss hummocks were generally inhabited by larvae of collector-gatherers, small body-sized individuals and sprawlers, while peatland pools supported a high abundance of shredders, large body-sized larvae and burrowers. Ecotones had more niche opportunities and hence possessed high taxonomic and functional diversity. Ordination analyses indicated that three similar environmental variables (loss-on-ignition (LOI), depth to water table (DWT) and K+) were the most powerful explanations of the chironomid variability in both taxonomic and functional trait compositions. LOI and DWT interacted strongly and were the dominant controls on both taxonomic and trait communities. Our research demonstrated that functional trait groups of chironomids are more robust and sensitive than taxonomy-based approaches to habitat changes, and therefore could be an alternative approach for the bioassessment of aquatic ecosystem functioning and palaeo-studies in wetlands.

AbstractObjective This retrospective study aimed to observe the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with sirolimus in the treatment of haemangioma combined with the Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP).Methods A total of 11 infants with KMP who were treated at our hospital from January 2016 to September 2021 were selected and treated with arteriosclerosis embolotherapy using a microsphere emulsion formed by bleomycin + ultra-fluid lipiodol + dexamethasone + contrast agent or bleomycin mixed microspheres as the embolising agent. The patients were administered sirolimus orally after TACE. The clinical efficacy and examination indicators before and after treatment were observed and compared.Results The 11 infants underwent TACE treatment by arteriosclerosis embolotherapy a total of 21 times; of these cases, 10 were cured, and 1 showed a moderate response. There were no cases of non-response or death. The platelet count rose from 10.0 (7.0, 18.0) x 109/L before TACE to 236.0 (188.0, 275.0) x 109/L six months after the first TACE, and the tumour size decreased from 49.0 (43.0, 111.7) cm3 before TACE to 7.0 (3.5, 17.0) cm3 six months after the first TACE. The differences were statistically significant (the Z values were −2.943 and −2.934, respectively, p

Abstract Background China’s 35 largest cities, including Wuhan, are inhabited by approximately 18% of the Chinese population, and account for 40% energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Wuhan is the only sub-provincial city in Central China and, as the eighth largest economy nationwide, has experienced a notable increase in energy consumption. However, major knowledge gaps exist in understanding the nexus of economic development and carbon footprint and their drivers in Wuhan. Methods We studied Wuhan for the evolutionary characteristics of its carbon footprint (CF), the decoupling relationship between economic development and CF, and the essential drivers of CF. Based on the CF model, we quantified the dynamic trends of CF, carbon carrying capacity, carbon deficit, and carbon deficit pressure index from 2001 to 2020. We also adopted a decoupling model to clarify the coupled dynamics among total CF, its accounts, and economic development. We used the partial least squares method to analyze the influencing factors of Wuhan’s CF and determine the main drivers. Results The CF of Wuhan increased from 36.01 million t CO2eq in 2001 to 70.07 million t CO2eq in 2020, a growth rate of 94.61%, which was much faster than that of the carbon carrying capacity. The energy consumption account (84.15%) far exceeded other accounts, and was mostly contributed by raw coal, coke, and crude oil. The carbon deficit pressure index fluctuated in the range of 8.44–6.74%, indicating that Wuhan was in the relief zone and the mild enhancement zone during 2001–2020. Around the same time, Wuhan was in a transition stage between weak and strong CF decoupling and economic growth. The main driving factor of CF growth was the urban per capita residential building area, while energy consumption per unit of GDP was responsible for the CF decline. Conclusions Our research highlights the interaction of urban ecological and economic systems, and that Wuhan’s CF changes were mainly affected by four factors: city size, economic development, social consumption, and technological progress. The findings are of realistic significance in promoting low-carbon urban development and improving the city’s sustainability, and the related policies can offer an excellent benchmark for other cities with similar challenges.

The Baiquan Spring in Xinxiang has many functions, such as water supply, agricultural irrigation, humanities, tourism and ecology. It is of great significance to study the dynamics of the spring flow rate and establish a dynamic prediction model for the spring water resources evaluation and protection. In order to further study the dynamic characteristics of the Baiquan Spring flow rate in Xinxiang and evaluate karst water resources in the spring area, based on the data of annually measured spring flow rate and annual average precipitation in the spring area from 1964 to 1978, the main influencing factors of the spring flow rate are determined by using the stepwise regression analysis, and a stepwise regression model is established, with remarkable regression effect. On the basis of the stepwise regression analysis, this paper establishes the GM(1, 2) model, NSGM(1, 2) model and GM(0, 2) model for the dynamic prediction of the spring flow rate. The results show that (1) from 1964 to 1978, the Baiquan spring flow rate was mainly controlled by the precipitation in the spring area, and the spring flow rate lagged behind the precipitation for one year, reflecting the dynamic characteristics of the spring water in the natural state. (2) The accuracy levels of the three grey models are the highest (excellent). (3) From 1964 to 1978, the measured discharge of the Baiquan spring ranged from 2.347 to 6.448 m3/s, with an average of 3.904 m3/s. The predicted values of the stepwise regression model range from 1.882 to 6.383 m3/s, with an average of 3.904 m3/s. The predicted value of the GM(1, 2) model varies between 2.327 and 6.448 m3/s, with an average of 3.939 m3/s. The predicted values of the NSGM(1, 2) model range from 2.133 to 6.448 m3/s, with an average of 3.927 m3/s. The predicted values of the GM(0, 2) model range from 1.787 to 6.448 m3/s, with an average of 3.907 m3/s. (4) The average relative errors of the stepwise regression model and the three grey models mentioned above are 7.794%, 7.292%, 7.122% and 7.797% respectively, all of which are less than 10%, indicating that they can be used for dynamic prediction of the spring water. Among them, the NSGM(1, 2) model has a higher accuracy and better fitting to the inflection point of the curve. (5) According to the spring flow rate from 1964 to 2030 predicted by the four models, the exploitation resources of the karst water in the Baiquan spring area should not exceed 1.69 m3/s from the angle of spring protection. The research results can not only provide scientific basis for spring flow dynamic prediction and spring area water resources evaluation, but also provide reference for the study of groundwater dynamics in similar areas.

In response to potential denial environments such as canyons, gullies, islands, and cities where users are located, traditional Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) systems can still maintain core requirements such as availability, reliability, and sustainability in the face of complex electromagnetic environments and non-line-of-sight environments that may cause service degradation or even failure. This paper presents a single-station emergency solution that integrates communication and TT&C (IC&T) functions based on radar chaff cloud technology. Firstly, a suitable selection of frequency bands and modulation methods is provided for the emergency IC&T system to ensure compatibility with existing communication and TT&C systems while catering to the future needs of IC&T. Subsequently, theoretical analyses are conducted on the communication link transmission loss, data transmission, code tracking accuracy, and anti-multipath model of the emergency IC&T system based on the chosen frequency band and modulation mode. This paper proposes a dual-way asynchronous precision ranging and time synchronization (DWAPR&TS) system employing dual one-way ranging (DOWR) measurement, a dual-way asynchronous incoherent Doppler velocity measurement (DWAIDVM) system, and a single baseline angle measurement system. Next, we analyze the physical characteristics of the radar chaff and establish a dynamic model of spherical chaff cloud clusters based on free diffusion. Additionally, we provide the optimal strategy for deploying chaff cloud. Finally, the emergency IC&T application based on the radar chaff cloud relay is simulated, and the results show that for severe interference, taking drones as an example, under a measurement baseline of 100 km, the emergency IC&T solution proposed in this paper can achieve an accuracy range of approximately 100 m, a velocity accuracy of 0.1 m/s, and an angle accuracy of 0.1°. In comparison with existing TT&C system solutions, the proposed system possesses unique and potential advantages that the others do not have. It can serve as an emergency IC&T reference solution in denial environments, offering significant value for both civilian and military applications.

Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid with reported bioactivities found in many fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. However, its effects on exercise performance and muscle metabolism remain inconclusive. The present study investigated kaempferol’s effects on improving exercise performance and potential mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. The grip strength, exhaustive running time, and distance of mice were increased in the high-dose kaempferol group (p < 0.01). Also, kaempferol reduced fatigue-related biochemical markers and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) related to antioxidant capacity. Kaempferol also increased the glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the liver and skeletal muscle, as well as glucose in the blood. In vitro, kaempferol promoted glucose uptake, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial function and decreased oxidative stress in both 2D and 3D C2C12 myotube cultures. Moreover, kaempferol activated the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways in the C2C12 cells. It also upregulated the key targets of glucose uptake, mitochondrial function, and protein synthesis. These findings suggest that kaempferol improves exercise performance and alleviates physical fatigue by increasing glucose uptake, mitochondrial biogenesis, and protein synthesis and by decreasing ROS. Kaempferol’s molecular mechanism may be related to the regulation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways.

Objective To study the effects of 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on metabolism of cerebral cortex in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Methods Twelve 12-week-old male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into the control group (C group) and the 50 Hz magnetic field exposure group (MF group) (n=6). The mice in the MF group were exposed to 1.0 mT 50 Hz magnetic field 2 h/d for 3 weeks (21 d). The mice in the sham exposure group had the same conditions as those in the MF group, except for no magnetic field exposure. After exposure, the cerebral cortex tissues of mice were taken according to the standard method for high-resolution untargeted metabonomics tests, including sample metabolite extraction, sample LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis, metabolite qualitative and quantitative analysis and data analysis. Results The growth of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were not affected after 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. The high-resolution untargeted metabonomics showed 1 068 metabolites were identified. Based on fold change analysis (FC>1.5 or FC < 0.67, P < 0.05), 22 significant changed metabolites were identified in cerebral cortex of mice after 50 Hz magnetic field exposure, and 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid was the most increased metabolite (FC=80.68), and 5-aminolevulinic acid was the most decreased metabolite (FC=0.34). Based on the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each variable in the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model (VIP>1, P < 0.05), 30 identified significant changed metabolites were screened in cerebral cortex of mice after 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. And the top 3 significant changed metabolites in VIP value were 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (VIP=19.76, FC=0.52), dehydroascorbic acid (VIP=12.71, FC=0.72) and inosine (VIP=10.64, FC=1.05). The analyses of hierarchical clustering, correlation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that the 30 VIP significant changed metabolites may be involved in 16 KEGG pathways. L-aspartic acid, L-alanine and acetylcholine may be involved in 13, 7 and 3 pathways of the 16 KEGG pathways respectively. Conclusion The amino acid metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporters, CoA and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction may be impacted in cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice by 50 Hz magnetic field exposure.

Gravid female fruit flies show a strong preference to 1-octen-3-ol, a volatile compound from mango. Two odorant receptors are shown to regulate 1- octen-3-ol induced oviposition behaviour.

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) excels at EEG recognition by capturing brain connections, but previous studies neglect the important EEG feature itself. In this study, we propose MSFR-GCN, a multi-scale feature reconstruction GCN for recognizing emotion and cognition tasks. Specifically, MSFR-GCN includes the MSFR and feature-pool characteristically, with the MSFR consisting of two sub-modules, multi-scale Squeeze-and-Excitation (MSSE) and multi-scale sample re-weighting (MSSR). MSSE assigns weights to channels and frequency bands based on their separate statistical information, while MSSR assigns sample weights based on combined channel and frequency information. The feature-pool, which pools across the feature dimension, is applied after GCN to retain EEG channel information. The MSFR-GCN achieves excellent results in emotion recognition when first tested on two public datasets, SEED and SEED-IV. Than the MSFR-GCN is tested on our self-collected Emotion and Cognition EEG dataset (ECED) for both emotion and cognition classification tasks. The results show MSFR-GCN’s good performance in emotion and cognition classification tasks and reveal the implicit relationship between the two, which may provide aid in the rehabilitation of people with cognitive impairments from an emotional perspective.

TBM (Full Face Tunnel Boring Machine) tunneling method has significant economic and technical advantages and is becoming an innovative method for deep roadway speedy construction. However, due to the special complex geological conditions and construction environment of coal mines, the technical challenges faced by TBM tunneling in deep roadways and the key scientific problems are analyzed: ① adaptive design of TBM equipment and the mine system under special tunneling environment in coal mine is difficult to fulfill; ② the rock fragmentation mechanism in soft and hard mixed strata is unclear, and the efficient rock cutting is difficult to realize; ③ The risk of soft rock squeezing deformation and TBM jamming, and the difficulty for accurate prediction and safety control is large; ④ Due to the narrow tunneling space and the serious interference of dust and water fog, it is difficult to monitor the tunneling process and make decision control and disaster warning according to the monitoring information. In this regard, systematic research on adaptive equipment design, efficient rock cutting in mixed-ground, squeezing deformation and TBM jamming disaster prediction and control method, and intelligent assisted tunneling method in deep composite stratum tunneling has been carried out. Research results on the TBM safe and efficient tunneling technology are achieved: ① the present situation of TBM adaptive design technology for special construction environment of coal mine is illustrated. ② full-size disc cutter penetration and linear cutting tests for hard and soft rock under high confining pressure are performed. Accordingly, the influence of complex geo-stress, rock strength and lithology change, tunneling control mode,cutter installation radius on the TBM cutting efficiency and rock fragmentation mechanism are revealed. The evaluation and prediction method of TBM tunneling performance and the corresponding rock mass classification method in deep mixed ground is put forward. ③ The mechanism of large deformation and TBM jamming disaster during TBM tunneling in deep coal measure soft strata is revealed. The FDEM (combined FEM and DEM) numerical simulation method of large deformation and TBM jamming disaster evolution and corresponding control measures for TBM tunneling in soft rock is developed. The monitoring and warning method of squeezing deformation and TBM jamming disaster is put forward. A comprehensive prevention and control technology system of ‘large diameter over excavation, excavation parameter optimization and step by step combined supporting’ is proposed for large squeezing deformation and TBM jamming hazard. ④ The real-time sensing technology of rock-TBM interaction information (cutter head - roadway face interaction, surrounding rock-shield interaction) in TBM tunneling process is proposed, and the adaptive intelligent decision-making method for advance parameters is initially developed. The research progresses will promote the application of TBM tunneling in coal mine roadway construction and safe and efficient tunneling technology.

Abstract The monitoring of wooden pagodas is a very important task in the restoration of wooden pagodas. Traditionally, this labor has always been carried out by surveying personnel, who manually check all parts of the pagoda, which not only consumes huge manpower, but also suffers from low efficiency and measurement errors. This article evaluates the feasibility of combining portable 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to perform these inspection tasks easily and accurately. The wooden pagoda's exterior picture and inside point cloud are acquired using a UAV and a LiDAR scanner, respectively. We propose a feature−based global alignment method to register the site point cloud. The error equation of the column of observed values is utilized as the beginning value of the feature constraint for global leveling. The beam method leveling model solves the spatial transformation parameters and the unknown point leveling values. Then, the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm of computer vision is used to realize the fusion of the dense point cloud of the exterior of the wooden pagoda generated from multiple non−measured images by global optimization and the LiDAR point cloud of the interior of the wooden pagoda to obtain the complete point cloud of the wooden pagoda, which makes the deformation monitoring of the pagoda more detailed and comprehensive. After experimental verification, the overall registration accuracy of the Yingxian wooden pagoda reaches 0.006 m. Compared with the scanning point cloud data in 2018, the model is more accurate and complete. By analyzing and comparing the data of the second floor of the wooden pagoda, we knew that the inclination of a second bright layer and a second dark layer is still developing steadily. Overall, the western outer trough inclines thoughtfully, and the column frame slopes from southwest to northeast. Some internal columns showed a negative offset in 2020, and the deformation analysis of a single column was realized by comparing it with the standard column model. The main contribution of this method lies in the effective integration of UAV images and point cloud data to provide accurate data sources for good modeling. This research will provide theoretical and methodological support for the digital protection of architectural heritage and GIS data modeling. The analysis results can provide a scientific basis for the restoration scheme design.

Min Zhou, Richu Liang, Quan Liao, Pingfu Deng, Wentao Fan, Chenzhuo Li The Second affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Richu Liang, The Second AFfiliated Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People’s Republic of China, Email 2015020049@usc.edu.cnBackground: Intracranial infection is a common complication caused by craniotomy. In particular, patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) are prone to intracranial infection with multiple drug-resistant bacteria. Due to the lack of sensitive antibiotics for the treatment of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, there are few literatures focusing on the treatment of intracranial infection, and patients often fail to receive unified and standardized treatment. Consequently, patients with Carbapenem-resistant bacteria intracranial infection report poor prognosis and high mortality. It is very important to discuss how to treat patients with intracranial infection caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.Case Presentation: We reported a case of intracranial infection of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKp) due to high flap tension, poor wound healing and CSF leakage caused by subcutaneous fluid accumulation after intracerebral hemorrhage craniotomy. Since the patient was exposed to intracranial infection resulted from subcutaneous fluid accumulation, we adopted the method of continuous drainage with subcutaneous tube. When subcutaneous effusion disappeared, the subcutaneous drainage tube was pull out, while patients exhibited high fever again, the waist big pool drainage catheter and continuous drainage were carried out. According to the result of Subcutaneous effusion and CSF culture indicated multiple drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae intracranial infection and drug susceptibility, The treatment of gentamicin intrathecal injection, intravenous use amikacin and oral Paediatric Compound Sulfamethoxazole Tablets was adopted, the condition of intracranial infection was eventually controlled, with the consciousness restored. This patient was characterized by intracranial infection with Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKp).Conclusions: Subcutaneous effusion is a high-risk factor for poor wound healing and interventions are required to be conducted to promote healing as early as possible to contribute to decreasing the menace of CSF leakage. In this case, Continuous drainage and intrathecal injection of sensitive antibiotics serve as critical process to determine the best strategy for clinical treatment of intracranial infection.Keywords: intracranial infection, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, lumbar cistern drainage, intrathecal injection, gentamicin

Su-Jun Sun,1 Peng Deng,1 Chun-E Peng,1 Hai-Yu Ji,2 Long-Fei Mao,1 Li-Zeng Peng1 1Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Li-Zeng Peng, Tel +86-159-5412-8918, Email penglizeng@sdnu.edu.cnIntroduction: Chitosan is the product of the natural polysaccharide chitin removing part of the acetyl group, and exhibits various physiological and bioactive functions. Selenium modification has been proved to further enhance the chitosan bioactivities, and has been a hot topic recently.Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the potential inhibitory mechanism of selenium-modified chitosan (SMC) on HepG2 cells through MTT assays, morphological observation, annexin V–FITC/PI double staining, mitochondrial membrane potential determination, cell-cycle detection, Western blotting, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).Results: The results indicated that SMC can induce HepG2 cell apoptosis with the cell cycle arrested in the S and G2/M phases and gradual disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduce the expression of Bcl2, and improve the expression of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 3. Also, 2-DE results showed that tubulin α1 B chain, myosin regulatory light chain 12A, calmodulin, UPF0568 protein chromosome 14 open reading frame 166, and the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 5B of HepG2 cells were downregulated in HepG2 cells after SMC treatment.Discussion: These data suggested that HepG2 cells induced apoptosis after SMC treatment via blocking the cell cycle in the S and G2/M phases, which might be mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These results could be of benefit to future practical applications of SMC in the food and drug fields.Keywords: selenium-modified chitosan, antihepatoma activity, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, differential protein analysis

Objective To explore the application of support vector machine (SVM) in predicting the mortality risk after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods A total of 18 094 ICU inpatients from MIMIC Ⅲ dataset were enrolled in the study. The total data set (n=18 094) was randomly divided into training data set (n=12 666, 70%) and test data set (n=5 428, 30%). Based on the Python, the machine learning algorithm, SVM, was used to establish a prediction model of the mortality risk after ICU admission with the results of LASSO feature selection. The efficacy of model was evaluated using the test data set. Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) curves of the SVM-based model for predicting the mortality risk in 24 h and 48 h after ICU admission were 0.805 1 (0.793 6~0.816 6) and 0.811 7 (0.799 9~0.824), with sensitivities of 0.751 3 and 0.737 2, and specificities of 0.713 0 and 0.742 9, respectively. Conclusion The SVM-based model for predicting the mortality risk after ICU admission has a satisfactory result and high accuracy.

IntroductionIn patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), whether short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) followed by P2Y12 inhibitors confers benefits compared with standard DAPT remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 1–3 months of DAPT followed by P2Y12 monotherapy in patients with CAD and CKD undergoing PCI.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after a 1–3 months DAPT vs. DAPT in patients with CAD and CKD after PCI. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target-vessel revascularization, and stroke. The safety outcome was the major bleeding events, defined as a composite of TIMI major bleeding or Bleeding Academic Research and Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with a fixed- or random-effects model depending on the heterogeneity among studies.ResultsFour RCTs including 20,468 patients (2,833 patients with CKD and 17,635 without CKD) comparing P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy with DAPT were included in our meta-analysis. Patients with CAD and CKD had higher risk of ischemic and bleeding events. P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 1–3 months of DAPT significantly reduced the risk of major bleeding compared to DAPT in CKD patients (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.95, P = 0.02) and non-CKD patients (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.49–0.89, P = 0.01). No significant difference regarding MACEs between P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy and DAPT was found in CKD patients (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.59–1.31, P = 0.53) and non-CKD (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.79–1.04, P = 0.17).ConclusionP2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after 1–3 months of DAPT was an effective strategy for lowering major bleeding complications without increasing the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD and CKD undergoing PCI as compared with DAPTSystematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42022355228.

The number and scale of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are growing explosively, and the frequent occurrence of UAV intrusions poses a serious threat to national security and social stability. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to defend against UAVs and develop related defense technologies. In order to effectively defend against UAVs, it is necessary to interfere with their GPS/Beidou positioning and 2.4G communication technology, thus disrupting their positioning and communication and rendering them unable to function properly. This article designs and implements a continuous wave single tone narrowband interference, and tests its performance, achieving a power suppression effect that seriously interferes with GPS positioning and blocks communication.

The bootstrapping procedure has become the main bottleneck affecting the efficiency of all known fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes. The state-of-the-art scheme for efficient bootstrapping, which is called fully homomorphic encryption over the torus (TFHE), accelerates polynomial multiplication by leveraging number theoretic transform (NTT) and implementing NTT in parallel on a GPU. Unfortunately, almost none of the recent advancements in NTT take full advantage of a GPU, leading to the need for more time. With this in mind, in this work, a novel faster number theoretic transform based on a GPU is proposed, in which matrix multiplication is used to implement a decomposed small-point NTT. When implementing matrix multiplication, we introduce a merging preprocessing method to merge multiple inputs of the small-point NTT, aiming to effectively minimize the count of modulo operations. Subsequently, when the merged result is multiplied by rotation factors, we use logical left shift rather than arithmetic multiplication to improve the computational efficiency. Our scheme can easily be used to realize a 1024-point NTT and the results of the experiments show that the speedup ratio of our method over the butterfly algorithm is about 2.49.

Ti–6Al–4V alloy is widely used as a biomaterial for hard tissue replacement, but its Young’s modulus is still higher than that of human bone tissue, which may cause a “stress shielding” effect and lead to implant loosening. In addition, metal implants with low magnetic susceptibility are beneficial for obtaining minimal artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging. To reduce Young’s modulus and magnetic susceptibility of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, a series of irregular prismatic porous structure models were designed based on the Voronoi principle, built by changing the irregularity, prism-diameter-to-initial-seed-spacing ratio, and seed number, and studied using finite-element analysis. Porous samples were prepared by selective laser melting and subjected to a compression test and magnetic susceptibility test. The simulation results show that the prism-diameter-to-initial-seed-spacing ratio has the greatest impact on porosity compared with the irregularity and seed number. The simulation-predicted porosity and compression modulus are highly consistent with the measured ones. The irregular prismatic porous Ti–6Al–4V samples exhibit mechanical properties similar to those of human bones and show a magnetic susceptibility of no more than 50% that of compact Ti–6Al–4V. A regulatable irregular prismatic porous structure is feasible for designing porous implants with desirable properties for biomedical applications.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between fibular head height and the incidence and severity of osteoarthritis associated with varus knee deformity. The fibular head height, joint line convergence angle (JLCA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured in a three-dimensional model. Ordinal multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between fibular head height and Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) grade. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between fibular head height and K–L grade. A total of 232 patients (232 knees) were finally included in the study. There were significant differences in JLCA and hip–knee–ankle angle (P < 0.05), and both JLCA and hip–knee–ankle angle increased with severe aggravation of K–L grade. Both fibular head height and MPTA decreased as the K–L grade was severely aggravated. There was a significant negative correlation between K–L grade and fibular head height (r = −0.812, P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between fibular head height and hip–knee–ankle angle (r = −0.7905, P < 0.001). In addition to body mass index, fibular head height is a risk factor for the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis associated with varus knee deformity; the smaller the fibular head height, the more severe the degree of varus deformity.