Search

With the development of electric vehicle (EV), there is a huge demand for electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). The utilization of renewable energy sources (RES) in EVCS can not only decrease the energy fluctuation by participating in peakload reduction of the grid, but also reduce the pollution to the environment by cutting down the use of fossil fuels. In this paper, the optimal planning for grid-connected EVCS with RES is studied by considering EV load uncertainty. Nine scenarios are set based on a different characteristic of EV load to reveal the impact of EV load on net present cost (NPC) and to express the relationship between optimal capacity and energy flow. Moreover, since electricity price also plays an important role in EVCS planning, an economic comparison between different cases with different electricity price for peak-valley-flat period is carried out. The results reveal the economic benefits of applying RES in EVCS, and demonstrate that EV load with different characteristics would influence the capacity of each device (PV, battery, converter) in the EVCS optimal planning.

Peer-to-peer trading mode is one of the most potential future energy trading scheme. However, there are some issues still waiting to be solved, e.g. privacy of energy data, asynchrony of households’ desire and incomplete understanding of its operation features, etc. These issues may hinder its further application and development. To address these requirements, a research to analyze the characteristics of a typical peer-to-peer energy sharing community model is carried out. The model is built on the basis of the proof of credit consensus in blockchain technology and Shapley value in game theory. A two-level hierarchical incentive mechanism is proposed to motivate participants to obey the energy smart contract and involve in electricity peak-shifting. A series of indexes are applied to evaluate the operation performance of the proposed model, from the aspects of the economy, technique, environment and market efficiency. The validity of the incentive mechanism and the proposed model are verified, and the impacts of important factors, i.e. community scale and prosumer ratio, on the proposed model are assessed. This work would provide reference to the constructors of future peer-to-peer energy market about arranging the optimal appliance scale and distributed energy resources ratio to make it become more friendly, efficient and economical.