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This research investigates the decarbonization of India's electricity grid using ammonia in power plants. It focuses on ammonia produced in Western Australia and transported to India, co-fired with high rank coal, and compared with power plants utilizing carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). The study assesses the overall costs and the life cycle greenhouse gas (LC GHG) emissions for both new plants and retrofits. For 20% gray, blue, and green ammonia, the levelized cost of electricity is 86, 89, 125 $/MWh, with corresponding LC GHG emissions of 1,234, 1,079, and 1,062 kg CO2e/MWh. Co-firing with green ammonia, though more expensive than blue ammonia, yields lower CO2 emissions. Conversely, reducing the same amount of direct CO2 emission via CCS costs $84/MWh and a LC GHG emission of 1,227 kg CO2e/MWh. While CCS is cheaper, it results in higher LC GHG. There is a trade-off between cost and emissions across the strategies. Under scenarios with low capacity factors or reduced ammonia production costs, coal-ammonia co-firing could become more economical and greener than the CCS. This study provides quantitative insights for policymakers and project developers. However, it is crucial for decision-makers to consider several factors: (1) the potential impact of social resistance to CCS; (2) the time required for large-scale commercialization of CCS technology, which is expected to be significantly longer than the implementation time for a coal-ammonia co-firing decarbonization strategy; (3) the potential of either CCS or ammonia-coal co-firing strategy to enhance India's electricity mix, thus contributing to energy security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative pretreatment of Indonesian low-rank coal (ILRC) by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) ionic liquid (IL) was conducted. The obtained IL pretreated coal had a loose and porous structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed that pretreated ILRC had a stronger absorption ability and an increased average pore size (from 23.6 to 51.8 nm). Steam-coal gasification was conducted to explore the effect of coal pretreatment. The result showed that 1.63-times more hydrogen was generated from pretreated coal compared to original (i.e., untreated) coal, and carbon conversion (X) increased from 89.03 to 97.25%. During CO coal gasification, IL pretreated coal had a greater CO consumption potential and generated more CO. The chemical exergy of syngas of the pretreated coal gasification was higher than that of the untreated coal gasification with CO at 900 °C. In addition, pretreated coal emitted less CO than untreated coal at 900 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Deoxyribozyme has high biocatalytic activity and sequence specificity against the target mRNA and inhibits gene expression at mRNA level. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of targeting MMP-9 deoxyribozyme to cell adhesion and migration in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549., Methods: The targeting MMP-9 deoxyribozyme was designed by oligofectamine into human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. The expression of MMP-9 in cell was detected by Western blot. The cell adhesion and migration after the intervention of deoxyribozyme was observed., Results: After targeting MMP-9 deoxyribozyme intervention, the expression of MMP-9 in the cells compared with the control group was significantly lower (P <0.01), at the same time, the rate of cell adhesion and migration were significantly decreased., Conclusions: Targeting MMP-9 deoxyribozyme inhibited the expression of MMP-9 in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and effectively prevent cell adhesion and migration.