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IGFBP6, a member of the IGF binding protein (IGFBP) family, is a specific inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and can inhibit the growth of malignant tumors overexpressing IGF-II. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a basic disorder of glucose metabolism that can be regulated by IGF-related pathways. We performed bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA database to explore the possible mechanism of IGFBP6 in breast cancer (BC) metabolism and prognosis and collected clinical samples from BC patients with and without T2D to compare and verify the prognostic effect of IGFBP6. In our study, the levels of IGFBP1–6 were positively correlated with overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer. IGFBP6 was upregulated in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BC, and ER-positive and progesterone receptor (PR) positive patients had a higher expression level of IGFBP6 than ER-negative and PR-negative patients. IGFBP6 could be used as an independent prognostic factor in BC. The expression of IGFBP6 was decreased in BC tissue, and BC tissue from patients with T2D had lower IGFBP6 expression levels than BC tissue from patients without T2D. IGFBP6 is mainly involved in the PI3K–Akt and TGF-β signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment regulation. In terms of metabolism, the expression of IGFBP6 was negatively correlated with that of most glucose metabolism-related genes. IGFBP6 expression was mainly correlated with mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, CDH1, and MAP3K1. In addition, the upregulation of IGFBP6 in BC increased the drug sensitivity to docetaxel, paclitaxel and gemcitabine. Overall, these results indicated that high expression of IGFBP6 is associated with a good prognosis in BC patients, especially in those without T2D. It is not only involved in the maintenance of the tumor microenvironment in BC but also inhibits the energy metabolism of cancer cells through glucose metabolism-related pathways. These findings may provide a new perspective on IGFBP6 as a potential prognostic marker for BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin damage is one of the most prevalent human injuries, which affects the health of human beings. However, skin damage is often accompanied by bacterial infection and wound microenvironment changes, causing damage to normal cells and inhibiting wound healing. Herein, we designed a thermal-responsive antibacterial hydrogel (GAG hydrogel) loaded with catalase (CAT)-like Au@Pt@MgSiO3 nanoparticles (APM NPs) and gentamicin (GM) to promote wound healing. The GAG hydrogel was used in a photothermal therapy (PTT)/antibiotic combination to kill bacteria, reduce the use of antibiotics, improve the wound microenvironment, promote cell proliferation, and accelerate wound healing. Under near-infrared laser irradiation, APM NPs in the hydrogel generated local hyperthermia to kill bacteria. Meanwhile, the generated heat led to a change in the hydrogel's morphology, enabling it to release GM and APM NPs to prevent the overuse of antibiotics. Subsequently, the CAT-like ability of the APM NPs decreased the oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thus remodeling the wound microenvironment. Then, the weakly acidic microenvironment of the wound caused the decomposition of the APM NPs and the release of magnesium ions (Mg2+), promoting the growth and migration of cells for wound healing. Therefore, the studied thermal-responsive antibacterial (GAG) hydrogel has potential in the field of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fermi level of graphene on different substrates usually changes significantly due to the interface difference between graphene and two-dimensional semiconductors. This feature opens many possibilities of manipulating optoelectronic devices by constructing graphene heterostructures through interface modification. Herein, we report the fabrication and optoelectronic response of an unconventional heterojunction device based on a graphene–MoSe2 hybrid interface. Different from the traditional three or more layered structure where the semiconductor is sandwiched between two electrodes, this device contains only two atomic layers: the MoSe2 layer serving as the photon absorber and the graphene layer functioning as the charge acceptor and both electrodes. This structure looks like short-circuited but shows an obvious photoelectric response, which is aided by electron transfers from MoSe2 to graphene. The photocurrent generation is explored quantitatively with electronic dynamics of graphene aided with ultrafast measurements. The two-layered architecture simplifies the fabrication of atomic-thick optoelectronic devices, allowing the as-grown semiconductors to be directly used and eliminating the damage-prone transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]