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In this paper, we construct a bijective mapping between a biquadratic spline space over the hierarchical T-mesh and the piecewise constant space over the corresponding crossing-vertex-relationship graph (CVR graph). We propose a novel structure, by which we offer an effective and easy operative method for constructing the basis functions of the biquadratic spline space. The mapping we construct is an isomorphism. The basis functions of the biquadratic spline space hold the properties such as linearly independent, completeness and the property of partition of unity, which are the same with the properties for the basis functions of piecewise constant space over the CVR graph. To demonstrate that the new basis functions are efficient, we apply the basis functions to fit some open surfaces., Comment: 31 pages,20 figures

The local refinement of PHT-splines (polynomial splines over hierarchical T-meshes) is achieved by a simple cross insertion, which may introduce superfluous control points or coefficients. By allowing split-in-half in mesh refinement, modified hierarchical T-meshes are defined. Using this approach, polynomial splines defined over the modified hierarchical T-meshes (modified PHT-splines) are introduced to increase the flexibility of PHT-splines. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of our new splines when applied to surface fitting and isogeometric analysis problems with anisotropic features., Comment: 31 pages, 45 figures

Numerical integration over the implicitly defined domains is challenging due to topological variances of implicit functions. In this paper, we use interval arithmetic to identify the boundary of the integration domain exactly, thus getting the correct topology of the domain. Furthermore, a geometry-based local error estimate is explored to guide the hierarchical subdivision and save the computation cost. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the potential of the proposed method.

This paper discusses the dimensions of biquadratic C1 spline spaces and bicubic C2 spline spaces over hierarchical T-meshes using the smoothing cofactor-conformality method. We obtain the dimension formula of biquadratic C1 spline spaces over hierarchical T-meshes in a concise way. In addition, we provide a dimension formula for bicubic C2 spline spaces over hierarchical T-mesh with fewer restrictions than that in the previous literature. A dimension formula for bicubic C2 spline spaces over a new type hierarchical T-mesh is also provided., Comment: 21 pages, 19 figures

In this paper, we propose a method to obtain a constrained approximation of a rational B\'{e}zier curve by a polynomial B\'{e}zier curve. This problem is reformulated as an approximation problem between two polynomial B\'{e}zier curves based on weighted least-squares method, where weight functions $\rho(t)=\omega(t)$ and $\rho(t)=\omega(t)^{2}$ are studied respectively. The efficiency of the proposed method is tested using some examples.

This paper discusses the dimension of spline spaces with highest order smoothness over hierarchical T-meshes over certain type of hierarchical T-meshes. The major step is to set up a bijection between the spline space with highest order smoothness over a hierarchical T-mesh and a univariate spline space whose definition depends on the l-edges of the extended T-mesh. We decompose the univariate spline space into direct sums in the sense of isomorphism using the theory of the short exact sequence in homological algebra. According to the decomposition of the univariate spline space, the dimension formula of the spline space with highest order smoothness over certain type of hierarchical T-mesh is presented. A set of basis functions of the spline space is also constructed.

This paper discusses the dimensions of the spline spaces over T-meshes with lower degree. Two new concepts are proposed: extension of T-meshes and spline spaces with homogeneous boundary conditions. In the dimension analysis, the key strategy is linear space embedding with the operator of mixed partial derivative. The dimension of the original space equals the difference between the dimension of the image space and the rank of the constraints which ensuring any element in the image space has a preimage in the original space. Then the dimension formula and basis function construction of bilinear spline spaces of smoothness order zero over T-meshes are discussed in detail, and a dimension lower bound of biquadratic spline spaces over general T-meshes is provided. Furthermore, using level structure of hierarchical T-meshes, a dimension formula of biquadratic spline space over hierarchical T-meshes are proved. A topological explantation of the dimension formula is shown as well., Comment: 29 pages