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1. High-Throughput DNA sequencing of ancient wood

Author

Katarina Čufar, Antoni Palomo, Frédéric Leroy, Fabien Langenegger, Harald Stäuble, Joachim Köninger, Frédéric Lagane, Garry Momber, Emilie Chancerel, Oliver Nelle, Antoine Kremer, Raquel Piqué, Stefanie Wagner, Xavier Terradas, Erwan Guichoux, Vincent Bernard, Christophe Plomion, André Billamboz, Willy Tegel, Roswitha Schweichel, Matthias Bolliger, Yves Billaud, Frédérique Eynaud, Cyrille Billard, Karl Uwe Heussner, Thibault Leroy, Inger Bech-Hebelstrup, Nicoletta Martinelli, Florence Verdin, Christine Lima, Marianne Ramstein, Mikkel Schubert, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Christophe Croutsch, Ludovic Orlando, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Odense Bys Museer, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Direction régionale des affaires culturelles de Basse Normandie (DRAC de Basse Normandie), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Département des Recherches Archéologiques Subaquatiques et Sous-Marines [Marseille] (DRASSM), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie et histoire ancienne : Méditerranée - Europe (ARCHIMEDE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Ljubljana, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI), Centre d'études en archéologie nautique, Dendrodata s.a.s., Maritime Archaeology Trust, State Office for cultural Heritage Baden-Wuerttemberg, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ausonius-Institut de recherche sur l'Antiquité et le Moyen âge, Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Research Council, through the Advanced Grant Project TREEPEACE. Grant Number: #FP7‐339728, Consolidator PEGASUS. Grant Number: #H2020‐681605, Danish National Research Foundation. Grant Number: DNRF94, Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), European Project: 339728,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-ADG,TREEPEACE(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Chloroplast DNA, Temperate trees, Microbial DNA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Range (biology), Climate Change, Forest management, Population, Forests, Biology, Article, DNA sequencing, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, Quercus, 03 medical and health sciences, Degradation, chloroplast, Bronze Age, Genetics, DNA, Ancient, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Quercus petraea/robur, education.field_of_study, Subfossil, Ancient DNA, Ecology, Biodiversity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, Biological Evolution, Wood, 030104 developmental biology, Oak, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Reconstructing the colonization and demographic dynamics that gave rise to extant forests is essential to forecasts of forest responses to environmental changes. Classical approaches to map how population of trees changed through space and time largely rely on pollen distribution patterns, with only a limited number of studies exploiting DNA molecules preserved in wooden tree archaeological and subfossil remains. Here, we advance such analyses by applying high throughput (HTS) DNA sequencing to wood archaeological and subfossil material for the first time, using a comprehensive sample of 167 European white oak waterlogged remains spanning a large temporal (from 550 to 9,800 years) and geographical range across Europe. The successful characterization of the endogenous DNA and exogenous microbial DNA of 140 (~83%) samples helped the identification of environmental conditions favoring long-term DNA preservation in wood remains, and started to unveil the first trends in the DNA decay process in wood material. Additionally, the maternally-inherited chloroplast haplotypes of 21 samples from three periods of forest human-induced use (Neolithic, Bronze Age and Middle Ages) were found to be consistent with those of modern populations growing in the same geographic areas. Our work paves the way for further studies aiming at using ancient DNA preserved in wood to reconstruct the micro-evolutionary response of trees to climate change and human forest management., This research was supported by the European Research Council, through the Advanced Grant Project TREEPEACE (#FP7-339728) and the Consolidator PEGASUS (#H2020-681605). Sequencing was performed at the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Published
2018
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2. Anatomical and chemical analyses on wooden artifacts from a Samnite sanctuary in Hirpinia (Southern Italy)

Author

Olivia Pignatelli, Manuela Capano, Nicoletta Martinelli, Simona Lazzeri, Filippo Terrasi, Ida Gennarelli, Nicola Macchioni, Fabio Marzaioli, Benedetto Pizzo, Stefania Gigli, Chiara Capretti, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dendrodata s.a.s., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Capano, Manuela, Pignatelli, Olivia, Capretti, Chiara, Lazzeri, Simona, Pizzo, Benedetto, Marzaioli, Fabio, Martinelli, Nicoletta, Gennarelli, Ida, Gigli, Stefania, Terrasi, Filippo, and Macchioni, Nicola

Subjects
History, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], wooden artifacts, Ph measurement, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Fagus sylvatica, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 040101 forestry, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, ash content, pH measurement, technology, industry, and agriculture, Wooden artifact, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, optical microscope, SEM, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Objects of this study are the wooden artifacts discovered in the archaeological excavation of Mephitis goddess sanctuary in the Ansanto Valley (Rocca San Felice e AV, Southern Italy). At the moment of discovery, in the mid of last century, woods were waterlogged and mineralized, and they were restored to allow their preservation. Purpose of this work was the wood identification, in order to gain information on some technological aspects, and the analysis of wood preservation state. Wood species were identified by means of magnifiers or optical and scanning electron microscopes, while the state of preservation was studied through microscopy and chemical analyses (FTIR-ATR, ash content and pH measurement). Four different taxa have been identified with certainty among all the findings: Quercus sp., Fagus sylvatica L., Rosaceae, Populus/Salix. It was not possible to identify the wood of all the findings, because some sampled fragments were too small or because of the deformation of wood tissues. The state of preservation showed a great variability over the analyzed findings. A general damage degree was observed, sometimes also macroscopically visible. The polarized light microscope and FTIRATR spectroscopy demonstrated the absence of cellulose in the analyzed samples. The wood cell wall was not detectable by means of SEM because it is completely covered by restoration material. Because of the lack of visibility, it was impossible to identify the type of biological damage occurred to the wood.

Published
2015
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3. Widespread Fossil CO2 in the Ansanto Valley (Italy): Dendrochronological, 14C, and 13C Analyses on Tree Rings

Author

Simona Altieri, Olivia Pignatelli, Carlo Sabbarese, Stefania Gigli, Manuela Capano, Nicoletta Martinelli, Paola Ricci, Fabio Marzaioli, Carmina Sirignano, Isabella Passariello, Filippo Terrasi, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli, Dendrodata s.a.s., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, δ13C, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Dilution, Atmosphere, Paleontology, Volcano, 13. Climate action, law, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dendrochronology, Period (geology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, Tree (set theory), Radiocarbon dating, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Ansanto Valley (southern Italy) is characterized by vents and boiling mud lakes that emit typical volcanic exhalations (mostly fossil CO2). This fossil dilution spreads over the Ansanto Valley and its impact on local trees is investigated in this study. Six trees at increasing distance from the emitting sources and 2 aliquots of gas were sampled. Dendrochronological analysis was performed on tree cores in order to check the accuracy of the tree-ring sequences; the results indicate no anomalies in the curves of the analyzed trees. δ13C and radiocarbon (14C) analyses were performed on the α-cellulose extracted from some selected tree rings. The main aim of δ13C analysis was to gain information about the origin of CO2 arising from the source; the results support the hypothesis of a carbonatic origin, with respect to a volcanic origin. 14C analysis was performed to evaluate the influence and to quantify the percentage of fossil dilution characterizing the local atmosphere and affecting the trees at different distances from the source during the years. The results show the presence of a strong fossil dilution affecting the trees, increasing toward the sources (from ∼6% at 80 m distance to ∼30% at 20 m from the nearest vent) with quite stable values over the examined period.

Published
2013
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4. Preliminary Radiocarbon Analyses of Contemporaneous and Archaeological Wood from the Ansanto Valley (Southern Italy)

Author

Fabio Marzaioli, Ida Gennarelli, Nicola De Cesare, Stefania Gigli, Isabella Passariello, Filippo Terrasi, Manuela Capano, Nicoletta Martinelli, Olivia Pignatelli, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli, Dendrodata s.a.s., Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli = Second University of Naples, Capano, M., Marzaioli, F., Passariello, I., Pignatelli, O., Martinelli, N., Gigli, S., Gennarelli, I., De Cesare, N., and Terrasi, F.

Subjects
Chemical procedure, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Excavation, Landslide, Gas emissions, Weathering, 06 humanities and the arts, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Archaeological artifacts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, law.invention, Volcano, law, 11. Sustainability, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Ansanto Valley (southern Italy) is characterized by hydrothermal phenomena, with volcanic gas emissions arising from some vents. In the 1 st millennium BC, a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Mephitis was built but later destroyed by landslides in the valley. During archaeological excavations in the 1950s, many items were found including wooden artifacts, preserved thanks to the imbibition and subsequent mineralization of the wood tissues due to the gas emissions. Radiocarbon dating of these objects is underway at CIRCE (Centre for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental Heritage), in Caserta, Italy. Unfortunately, 2 main problems arise in dating these materials. The first is possible fossil dilution caused by the CO2 emitted from the nearby volcanic vents, which could affect the trees of the valley and also the archaeological materials. In order to determine the magnitude of the fossil dilution in the area, 14C measurements were performed on contemporaneous wood cored from 2 oak trees growing near the vents. 14C values measured in these samples confirmed the presence of a strong fossil dilution in the Ansanto Valley. The second problem is the restoration that the objects underwent during the last century (mostly by using modern organic substances). To investigate suitable pretreatment procedures for removing the restoration materials from the archaeological findings, contemporaneous wood was also analyzed. The wood of trees from the Ansanto Valley and from a distant village (unaffected by the Ansanto fossil dilution) were submitted to the same restoration process applied to the archaeological artifacts, followed by an “artificial weathering” process. Some archaeological materials were also tested for the removal of restoration materials. We subjected the artificially aged trees and the archaeological samples to different chemical processes. Here, we present the results of these processes. Almost all methods turned out to be suitable for the contemporaneous wood, while the results for the archaeological samples remain uncertain. For this reason, more tests are needed, concerning the “artificial weathering,” the restoration, and the chemical procedure for removing the consolidation materials.

Published
2012
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5. Late-Holocene climatic variability south of the Alps as recorded by lake-level fluctuations at Lake Ledro, Trentino, Italy

Author

Marc Desmet, Julien Didier, Jean Nicolas Haas, P. Bellintani, Agnès Stock, Annaluisa Pedrotti, Boris Vannière, Romana Scandolari, Nicoletta Martinelli, Michel Magny, Didier Galop, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géographie de l'environnement ( GEODE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ), Soprintenza per i Beni Archeologici, ACCES-INRP, Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Dendrodata s.a.s., Dipartimento di Filosofia, Université di Trento, Museo delle Palafitte del Lago di Ledro, Musée de Ledro, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biostratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Paleontology, law, Paleoclimatology, Radiocarbon dating, Sedimentology, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Shore, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, northern Italy, Ecology, Bronze Age lake-dwellings, sedimentology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, late Holocene, 13. Climate action, Physical geography, Lake level, Quaternary, Geology, Chronology
Abstract

International audience; A lake-level record for the late Holocene at Lake Ledro (Trentino, northeastern Italy) is presented. It is based on the sediment and pollen analysis of a 1.75 m high stratigraphic section observed on the southern shore (site Ledro I) and a 3.2 m long sediment core taken from a littoral mire on the southeastern shore (site Ledro II). The chronology is derived from 15 radiocarbon dates and pollen stratigraphy. The late-Holocene composite record established from these two sediment sequences gives evidence of centennial-scale fluctuations with highstands at c. 3400, 2600, 1700, 1200 and 400 cal. BP, in agreement with various palaeohydro-logical records established in central and northern Italy, as well as north of the Alps. In addition, high lake-level conditions at c. 2000 cal. BP may be the equivalent of stronger river discharge observed at the same time in Central Italy's rivers. In agreement with the lake-level record of Accesa (Tuscany), the Ledro record also suggests a relatively complex palaeohydrological pattern for the period around 4000 cal. BP. On a millennial scale, sediment hiatuses observed in the lower part of the Ledro I sediment sequence indicate that, except for a high-stand occurring just after 7500 cal. BP, lower lake levels generally prevailed rather before c. 4000 cal. BP than afterwards. Finally, the lake-level data obtained at Lake Ledro indicate that the relative continuity of settlements in humid areas of northern Italy during the Bronze Age (in contrast to their general abandonment north of the Alps between c. 3450 and 3150 cal. BP), does not reflect different regional patterns of climatic and palaeohy-drological conditions. In contrast, the rise in lake level dated to c. 3400 cal. BP at Ledro appears to coincide with a worldwide climate reversal, observed in both the hemispheres, while palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data collected at Lake Ledro may suggest, as a working hypothesis, a relative emancipation of proto-historic societies from climatic conditions.

Published
2009
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6. High-Throughput DNA sequencing of ancient wood.

Author

Wagner S, Lagane F, Seguin-Orlando A, Schubert M, Leroy T, Guichoux E, Chancerel E, Bech-Hebelstrup I, Bernard V, Billard C, Billaud Y, Bolliger M, Croutsch C, Čufar K, Eynaud F, Heussner KU, Köninger J, Langenegger F, Leroy F, Lima C, Martinelli N, Momber G, Billamboz A, Nelle O, Palomo A, Piqué R, Ramstein M, Schweichel R, Stäuble H, Tegel W, Terradas X, Verdin F, Plomion C, Kremer A, and Orlando L

Subjects
Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, Climate Change, Forests, Quercus genetics, DNA, Ancient chemistry, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods, Wood
Abstract

Reconstructing the colonization and demographic dynamics that gave rise to extant forests is essential to forecasts of forest responses to environmental changes. Classical approaches to map how population of trees changed through space and time largely rely on pollen distribution patterns, with only a limited number of studies exploiting DNA molecules preserved in wooden tree archaeological and subfossil remains. Here, we advance such analyses by applying high-throughput (HTS) DNA sequencing to wood archaeological and subfossil material for the first time, using a comprehensive sample of 167 European white oak waterlogged remains spanning a large temporal (from 550 to 9,800 years) and geographical range across Europe. The successful characterization of the endogenous DNA and exogenous microbial DNA of 140 (~83%) samples helped the identification of environmental conditions favouring long-term DNA preservation in wood remains, and started to unveil the first trends in the DNA decay process in wood material. Additionally, the maternally inherited chloroplast haplotypes of 21 samples from three periods of forest human-induced use (Neolithic, Bronze Age and Middle Ages) were found to be consistent with those of modern populations growing in the same geographic areas. Our work paves the way for further studies aiming at using ancient DNA preserved in wood to reconstruct the micro-evolutionary response of trees to climate change and human forest management., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2018
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