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11. Low-cost technologies in a rich ecological context: Hotel California open-air site at Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain

Author

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Santamaría M; Navazo M; Arnold LJ; Benito-Calvo A; Demuro M; Carbonell E, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Santamaría M; Navazo M; Arnold LJ; Benito-Calvo A; Demuro M; Carbonell E

Abstract

Hotel California is part of a network of open-air Neanderthal sites located in the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). In this study, we examine the technology of the lithic assemblages recovered from this site's archaeological levels 3 to 7, which are characterised by the use of local raw materials, non-hierarchical centripetal exploitation systems, systematic production of flakes and few retouched items. This type of expedient technology is repeated throughout the entire sequence, which spans Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3 to 4. Through a comparison with the technocomplexes and occupation histories of surrounding sites – including a re-evaluation of the published chronology for the nearby site of Fuente Mudarra, which is now dated exclusively to MIS 5 – we examine whether the detected pattern is applicable to the rest of the Atapuerca Mousterian record and if this expedient behaviour has equivalents in other sites in the region. Our findings show that the lithic procurement, exploitation and configuration strategies employed at the Sierra de Atapuerca open-air sites were constant over broad time periods spanning MIS 5 to 3, in contrast to the technological sequences observed at other nearby sites on the Northern Iberian Plateau. The recurrent settlement of these open-air Neanderthal sites over tens of thousands of years and the consistent use of expedient technologies during different occupation periods is likely attributable to the rich ecological context of the Sierra de Atapuerca environs.

Published
2023

13. Cova del Rinoceront (Castelldefels, Barcelona): a terrestrial record for the Last Interglacial period (MIS 5) in the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula

Author

Daura, J., Sanz, M., Julià, R., García-Fernández, D., Fornós, J.J., Vaquero, M., Allué, E., López-García, J.M., Blain, H.A., Ortiz, J.E., Torres, T., Albert, R.M., Rodríguez-Cintas, À., Sánchez-Marco, A., Cerdeño, E., Skinner, A.R., Asmeron, Y., Polyak, V.J., Garcés, M., Arnold, L.J., Demuro, M., Pike, A.W.G., Euba, I., Rodríguez, R.F., Yagüe, A.S., Villaescusa, L., Gómez, S., Rubio, A., Pedro, M., Fullola, J.M., and Zilhão, J.

Published
2015
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14. Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos

Author

Arsuaga, J. L., Martínez, I., Arnold, L. J., Aranburu, A., Gracia-Téllez, A., Sharp, W. D., Quam, R. M., Falguères, C., Pantoja-Pérez, A., Bischoff, J., Poza-Rey, E., Parés, J. M., Carretero, J. M., Demuro, M., Lorenzo, C., Sala, N., Martinón-Torres, M., García, N., de Velasco, A. Alcázar, Cuenca-Bescós, G., Gómez-Olivencia, A., Moreno, D., Pablos, A., Shen, C.-C., Rodríguez, L., Ortega, A. I., García, R., Bonmatí, A., de Castro, J. M. Bermúdez, and Carbonell, E.

Published
2014

17. Supplementary material for article'A multi-dating approach to age-modelling long continental records: The 135 ka El Cañizar de Villarquemado sequence (NE Spain)'

Author

Valero-Garcés, B.L., González-Sampériz, P., Gil-Romera, G., Benito, B.M., Moreno, A., Oliva-Urcia, B., Aranbarri, J., García-Prieto, E., Frugone, M., Morellón, M., Arnold, L.J., Demuro, M., Hardiman, M., Blockley, S.P.E., Lane, C.S.

Abstract

This is a file containing analytical and methodological details to build the depth age model El Cañizar de Villarquemado record.

Published
2022
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18. A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa.

Author

Hart, JP, Herries, AIR, Arnold, LJ, Boschian, G, Blackwood, AF, Wilson, C, Mallett, T, Armstrong, B, Demuro, M, Petchey, F, Meredith-Williams, M, Penzo-Kajewski, P, Caruana, MV, Hart, JP, Herries, AIR, Arnold, LJ, Boschian, G, Blackwood, AF, Wilson, C, Mallett, T, Armstrong, B, Demuro, M, Petchey, F, Meredith-Williams, M, Penzo-Kajewski, P, and Caruana, MV

Abstract

Amanzi Springs is a series of inactive thermal springs located near Kariega in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Excavations in the 1960s exposed rare, stratified Acheulian-bearing deposits that were not further investigated over the next 50 years. Reanalysis of the site and its legacy collection has led to a redefined stratigraphic context for the archaeology, a confirmed direct association between Acheulian artefacts and wood, as well as the first reliable age estimates for the site. Thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence and post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence dating indicates that the Acheulian deposits from the Amanzi Springs Area 1 spring eye formed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 at ~ 404-390 ka. At this time, higher sea levels of ~13-14m would have placed Amanzi Springs around 7 km from a ria that would have formed along what is today the Swartkops River, and which likely led to spring reactivation. This makes the Amanzi Springs Area 1 assemblage an unusual occurrence of a verified late occurring, seaward, open-air Acheulian occupation. The Acheulian levels do not contain any Middle Stone Age (MSA) elements such as blades and points that have been documented in the interior of South Africa at this time. However, a small number of stone tools from the upper layers of the artefact zone, and originally thought of as intrusive, have been dated to ~190 ka, at the transition between MIS 7 to 6, and represent the first potential MSA identified at the site.

Published
2022

21. Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France

Author

Slimak, L, Zanolli, C, Higham, T, Frouin, M, Schwenninger, J-L, Arnold, LJ, Demuro, M, Douka, K, Mercier, N, Guérin, G, Valladas, H, Yvorra, P, Giraud, Y, Seguin-Orlando, A, Orlando, L, Lewis, JE, Muth, X, Camus, H, Vandevelde, S, Buckley, M, Mallol, C, Stringer, C, Metz, L, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), University of Oxford, University of Adelaide, Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Get In Situ, Cenote, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), University of Algarve [Portugal], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Service Regional de l'Archeologie Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), city of Malataverne, Auvergne Rhone-Alpes region, Calleva Foundation Human Origins Research Fund Fyssen Foundation CNRS funds (Aide a la Mobilite Internationale) Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University L'Oreal-UNESCO Foundation FWIS Universite Paris 1-Pantheon-Sorbonne funds (Aide de l'ED112) Australian Research CouncilFT200100816, LabEx DHP LaScArBx-AAP1-2011, LabEx Djibouti LaScArBx-AAP5-2015, French government of the University of Bordeaux, Long-term research was supported by the Service Régional de l’Archéologie Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, the French CNRS, and the city of Malataverne. Three-dimensional site models were granted by the city of Malataverne and the Auvergne Rhône-Alpes region. This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 681605) and the Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant no. 324139 ('PalaeoChron') awarded to T.H. Research of C.S. is supported by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. Research on Ksar Akil was supported by a Fyssen Foundation grant awarded to L.M., by CNRS funds (Aide à la Mobilité Internationale) awarded to L.S., and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University awarded to L.M. Fuliginochronological research was granted by the L’Oréal-UNESCO Foundation FWIS awarded to S.V. and by Université Paris 1–Panthéon-Sorbonne funds (Aide de l’ED112) awarded to S.V. Luminescence dating research conducted by M.D. and L.A. was supported by Australian Research Council Future Fellowship grant FT200100816. Scanning and analysis of the comparative material were funded by the LabEx DHP (LaScArBx-AAP1-2011), the ANR Big Dry (ANR-14-CE31), and the LabEx Djibouti (LaScArBx-AAP5-2015). This study also received financial support from the French government in the framework of the University of Bordeaux’s IdEx 'Investments for the Future' program/GPR Human Past., ANR-14-CE31-0011,CemeNTAA,Cémentochronologie : Nouvelles Techniques pour des Applications à l'Archéologie(2014), European Project: 681605,PEGASUS, European Project: 324139,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120411,PALAEOCHRON(2013), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Radiocarbon chronologies, Enamel-dentin juntion, Multiple grains, Manchester Environmental Research Institute, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/manchester_institute_of_biotechnology, Perennially frozen deposits, Computed-tomography, Trace-element, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Historical structure, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/MERI, Dose-rate
Abstract

Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding the nature of their interactions and what led to the disappearance of archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded in Greece during the Middle Pleistocene, the first settlements of modern humans in Europe have been constrained to similar to 45,000 to 43,000 years ago. Here, we report hominin fossils from Grotte Mandrin in France that reveal the earliest known presence of modern humans in Europe between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago. This early modern human incursion in the Rhone Valley is associated with technologies unknown in any industry of that age outside Africa or the Levant. Mandrin documents the first alternating occupation of Neanderthals and modern humans, with a modern human fossil and associated Neronian lithic industry found stratigraphically between layers containing Neanderthal remains associated with Mousterian industries. Australian Research Council FT200100816, LabEx DHP LaScArBx-AAP1-2011, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-14-CE31, LabEx Djibouti LaScArBx-AAP5-2015, Australian Research Council FT200100816 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022

24. HUMAN EVOLUTION: Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos

Author

Arsuaga, J. L., Martinez, I., Arnold, L. J., Aranburu, A., Gracia-Téllez, A., Sharp, W. D., Quam, R. M., Falguères, C., Pantoja-Pérez, A., Bischoff, J., Poza-Rey, E., Parés, J. M., Carretero, J. M., Demuro, M., Lorenzo, C., Sala, N., Martinón-Torres, M., Garcia, N., de Velasco, Alcázar A., Cuenca-Bescós, G., Gómez-Olivencia, A., Moreno, D., Pablos, A., Shen, C.-C., Rodriguez, L., Ortega, A. I., Garcia, R., Bonmatí, A., Bermúdez de Castro, J. M., and Carbonell, E.

Published
2014
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25. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme). Fouille programmée triennale 2019-2021. Second rapport intermédiaire

Author

Slimak, Ludovic, Arnold, Lee, Buckley, Mike, Camus, Hubert, Demuro, M., Frouin, Marine, Giraud, Yves, Higham, Tom, Joannes-Boyau, R., Metz, Laure, Muth, Xavier, Puig, Céline, Vandevelde, Ségolène, Yvorra, Pascale, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Department of Anthropology [Havard University], Harvard University [Cambridge], Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Service Régional de l’Archéologie Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Harvard University, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published
2020

26. Last Interglacial Iberian Neandertals as fisher-hunter-gatherers

Author

Zilhão, J., primary, Angelucci, D. E., additional, Igreja, M. Araújo, additional, Arnold, L. J., additional, Badal, E., additional, Callapez, P., additional, Cardoso, J. L., additional, d’Errico, F., additional, Daura, J., additional, Demuro, M., additional, Deschamps, M., additional, Dupont, C., additional, Gabriel, S., additional, Hoffmann, D. L., additional, Legoinha, P., additional, Matias, H., additional, Monge Soares, A. M., additional, Nabais, M., additional, Portela, P., additional, Queffelec, A., additional, Rodrigues, F., additional, and Souto, P., additional

Published
2020
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27. A multi-dating approach to age-modelling long continental records: The 135 ka El Cañizar de Villarquemado sequence (NE Spain)

Author

Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), Australian Research Council, Valero-Garcés, Blas L., González-Sampériz, Penélope, Gil-Romera, Graciela, Benito, Blas M., Moreno Caballud, Ana, Oliva-Urcia, Belén, Aranbarri, J., García-Prieto, E., Frugone, M., Morellón, Mario, Arnold, L. J., Demuro, M., Hardiman, M., Blockley, Simon P. E., Lane, C.S., Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), Australian Research Council, Valero-Garcés, Blas L., González-Sampériz, Penélope, Gil-Romera, Graciela, Benito, Blas M., Moreno Caballud, Ana, Oliva-Urcia, Belén, Aranbarri, J., García-Prieto, E., Frugone, M., Morellón, Mario, Arnold, L. J., Demuro, M., Hardiman, M., Blockley, Simon P. E., and Lane, C.S.

Abstract

We present a multidisciplinary dating approach - including radiocarbon, Uranium/Thorium series (U/Th), paleomagnetism, single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), polymineral fine-grain infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and tephrochronology - used for the development of an age model for the Cañizar de Villarquemado sequence (VIL) for the last ca. 135 ka. We describe the protocols used for each technique and discuss the positive and negative results, as well as their implications for interpreting the VIL sequence and for dating similar terrestrial records. In spite of the negative results of some techniques, particularly due to the absence of adequate sample material or insufficient analytical precision, the multi-technique strategy employed here is essential to maximize the chances of obtaining robust age models in terrestrial sequences. The final Bayesian age model for VIL sequence includes 16 AMS 14C ages, 9 single-grain quartz OSL ages and 5 previously published polymineral fine-grain IRSL ages, and the accuracy and resolution of the model are improved by incorporating information related to changes in accumulation rate, as revealed by detailed sedimentological analyses. The main paleohydrological and vegetation changes in the sequence are coherent with global Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to 1 transitions since the penultimate Termination, although some regional idiosyncrasies are evident, such as higher moisture variability than expected, an abrupt inception of the last glacial cycle and a resilient response of vegetation in Mediterranean continental Iberia in both Terminations. © 2019

Published
2019

28. Proceedings of the 12th JPL Airborne Earth Science Workshop

Author

Goodman, J. A, Li, L, Whiting, M. L, White, D. A, Pieri, D, Buongiorno, M. F, Carrere, V, Spinetti, C, Healey, G, Hoffmann, G, Raqueno, R, Lee, K, Schott, J. R, Merenyi, E, Rudd, L, Wolboldt, M. W, Penn, B. S, Moline, M, Davis, C. O, Gao, B.-C, Sano, E. E, Ferreira, L. G, Shippert, M, Paswaters, S, Gorodetsky, D, Felde, G, Berk, A, Adler-Golden, S. M, Matthew, M. W, Martin, R. E, Faye, C, Michel, R, Marion, R, Lobell, D. B, Kruse, F. A, Hall, S. A, Burke, I. C, Jia, G. J, Yoshioka, H, Kim, H.-J, Miura, T, Huete, A, Bird, D, Henderson, F. B. III, Prosh, E. C, Sares, M. A, Peters, D. C, Coulter, D. W, Hauff, P. L, Pavri, B, Ustin, S. L, Montes, M. J, West, C, Pearlman, J, Niemann, K. O, Murdoch, M, McDonald, S, Han, T, Dyk, A, Chen, H, Goodenough, D. G, Gutmann, E, Ferri, M, Canty, M, Frank, M, Farrand, W. H, Roberts, D. A, Dennison, P. E, Chisholm, L, Demuro, M, Karnieli, A, Binyaminy, Y, Agassi, M, Bonfil, D, Goetz, A. F. H, Kindel, B, Braun, O, Goldshalager, N, Ben-Dor, E, Beck, R, Peters, S, Bagheri, S, Ray, D, Harris, T, Moutinho, P, Cardinot, G, Nepstad, D, Asner, G. P, and Green, Robert O

Abstract

Participants at the 12th Airborne Earth Science Workshop reported science research and applications results with spectral images measured by the NASA Airborne Invisible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS).

Published
2003

29. Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic interpretation of the stratigraphic sequence of Lezetxiki II Cave (Basque Country, Iberian Peninsula) inferred from small small vertebrate assemblages

Author

Bailon, S, Arnold, L, DEMURO, M, MURELAGA, X., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

31. Early human occupation of a maritime desert, Barrow Island, North-West Australia

Author

Veth, P., Ward, I., Manne, T., Ulm, S., Ditchfield, K., Dortch, J., Hook, F., Petchey, F., Hogg, A., Questiaux, D., Demuro, M., Arnold, L., Spooner, N., Levchenko, V., Skippington, J., Byrne, C., Basgall, M., Zeanah, D., Belton, D., Helmholz, Petra, Bajkan, S., Bailey, R., Placzek, C., Kendrick, P., Veth, P., Ward, I., Manne, T., Ulm, S., Ditchfield, K., Dortch, J., Hook, F., Petchey, F., Hogg, A., Questiaux, D., Demuro, M., Arnold, L., Spooner, N., Levchenko, V., Skippington, J., Byrne, C., Basgall, M., Zeanah, D., Belton, D., Helmholz, Petra, Bajkan, S., Bailey, R., Placzek, C., and Kendrick, P.

Abstract

Archaeological deposits from Boodie Cave on Barrow Island, northwest Australia, reveal some of the oldest evidence for Aboriginal occupation of Australia, as well as illustrating the early use of marine resources by modern peoples outside of Africa. Barrow Island is a large (202 km2) limestone continental island located on the North-West Shelf of Australia, optimally located to sample past use of both the Pleistocene coastline and extensive arid coastal plains. An interdisciplinary team forming the Barrow Island Archaeology Project (BIAP) has addressed questions focusing on the antiquity of occupation of coastal deserts by hunter-gatherers; the use and distribution of marine resources from the coast to the interior; and the productivity of the marine zone with changing sea levels. Boodie Cave is the largest of 20 stratified deposits identified on Barrow Island with 20 m3 of cultural deposits excavated between 2013 and 2015. In this first major synthesis we focus on the dating and sedimentology of Boodie Cave to establish the framework for ongoing analysis of cultural materials. We present new data on these cultural assemblages – including charcoal, faunal remains and lithics – integrated with micromorphology, sedimentary history and dating by four independent laboratories. First occupation occurs between 51.1 and 46.2 ka, overlapping with the earliest dates for occupation of Australia. Marine resources are incorporated into dietary assemblages by 42.5 ka and continue to be transported to the cave through all periods of occupation, despite fluctuating sea levels and dramatic extensions of the coastal plain. The changing quantities of marine fauna through time reflect the varying distance of the cave from the contemporaneous shoreline. The dietary breadth of both arid zone terrestrial fauna and marine species increases after the Last Glacial Maximum and significantly so by the mid-Holocene. The cave is abandoned by 6.8 ka when the island becomes increasingly distant f

Published
2017

32. The Middle Pleistocene site of La Cansaladeta (Tarragona, Spain): Stratigraphic and archaeological succession

Author

Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Ollé A., Vergès J., Rodríguez-Álvarez X., Cáceres I., Angelucci D., Vallverdú J., Demuro M., Arnold L., Falguères C., Bennàsar M., López-García J., Blain H., Bañuls-Cardona S., Burjachs F., Expósito I., López-Polín L., López-Ortega E., Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Ollé A., Vergès J., Rodríguez-Álvarez X., Cáceres I., Angelucci D., Vallverdú J., Demuro M., Arnold L., Falguères C., Bennàsar M., López-García J., Blain H., Bañuls-Cardona S., Burjachs F., Expósito I., López-Polín L., López-Ortega E.

Published
2016

33. New luminescence ages for the Galería Complex archaeological site: Resolving chronological uncertainties on the Acheulean record of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Northern Spain

Author

Carbonell, E., Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Arsuaga, J.L., Ortega, A.I., Pérez-González, A., Parés, J.M., Arnold, L.J., Demuro, M., Història i Història de lArt, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

Abstract

10.1371/journal.pone.0110169 The archaeological karstic infill site of Galería Complex, located within the Atapuerca system (Spain), has produced a large faunal and archaeological record ( Homo sp. aff. heidelbergensis fossils and Mode II lithic artefacts) belonging to the Middle Pleistocene. Extended-range luminescence dating techniques, namely post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) dating of K-feldspars and thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL) dating of individual quartz grains, were applied to fossil-bearing sediments at Galería. The luminescence dating results are in good agreement with published chronologies derived using alternative radiometric dating methods (i.e., ESR and U-series dating of bracketing speleothems and combined ESR/U-series dating of herbivore teeth), as well as biochronology and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions inferred from proxy records (e.g., pollen data). For the majority of samples dated, however, the new luminescence ages are significantly (~50%) younger than previously published polymineral thermoluminescence (TL) chronologies, suggesting that the latter may have overestimated the true burial age of the Galería deposits. The luminescence ages obtained indicate that the top of the basal sterile sands (GIb) at Galería have an age of up to ~370 thousand years (ka), while the lowermost sub-unit containing Mode II Acheulean lithics (base of unit GIIa) was deposited during MIS 9 (mean age = 313±14 ka; n = 4). The overlying units GIIb-GIV, which contain the richest archaeopalaeontological remains, were deposited during late MIS 8 or early MIS 7 (~240 ka). Galería Complex may be correlative with other Middle Pleistocene sites from Atapuerca, such as Gran Dolina level TD10 and unit TE19 from Sima del E

Published
2014
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34. New Electron Spin Resonance, Luminescence and Aspartic Acid Racemization dating results for the Pleistocene sedimentary infill of Cueva Mayor (Atapuerca, N Spain).

Author

Martínez-Pillado, V., Demuro, M., Ortiz, J. E., Shao, Q., Arnold, L. J., Duval, M., Falguères, C., Torres, T., Santos, E., García, N., Aranburu, A., Gómez-Olivencia, A., and Arsuaga, J. L.

Subjects
*THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating, *OPTICALLY stimulated luminescence dating, *ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance, *ASPARTIC acid, *PLEISTOCENE Epoch, *FOSSIL teeth, *RACEMIZATION, *TOMBS
Abstract

The Cueva Mayor karst system (Atapuerca, N Spain) contains a set of archaeo-palaeontological sites whose chronology ranges from the Middle Pleistocene to the Iron age. We present here new dating results for two localities, Galería de las Estatuas and Sala de los Cíclopes, which are examined through a combination of numerical dating methods applied to both the fossil assemblage and host sediment. Galería de las Estatuas documents a stratigraphic sequence in which various Neanderthal occupation levels have been identified and has been previously dated to between 112 ka and 70 ka [1,2,3]. We processed two fossil teeth from the current excavation level of one pit (level 4, GE-I) for combined USeries/ ESR and Aspartic Acid Racemization (AAR) methods. The dating results position this archaeological level at the beginning of the Upper Pleistocene. Sala de los Cíclopes contains a palaeontological assemblage formed exclusively of cave-bear bones, hibernation beds and footprints, belonging to the Ursus deningeri species. The estimated age of this deposit, known as Cata Litario, is > 200 ka, pre-dating the closing of the Sima del Elefante/Galería Baja palaeoentrance [4]. One tooth extracted from the Cata Litario pit is dated in the present study, both by Useries/ ESR and AAR methods, while 4 sediment samples collected through the stratigraphic sequence are dated by extended-range luminescence techniques (single-grain TT-OSL and pIRIR). The dating results constrain this bear occupation to the mid-Middle Pleistocene. Beyond the chronological implications of this work, such a combination of independent dating methods may also provide some key insights into the contemporaneity of the sedimentary matrix and the fossil remains. The systematic application of both ESR and AAR to the same fossil specimens enables the identification of any potential methodological biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

35. Neandertal roots: Cranial and chronological evidence from Sima de los Huesos

Author

Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carbonell, E, Bermudez de Castro, J M, Bonmati, A, Garcia, R, Ortega, A I, Rodriguez, L, Shen, C-C, Pablos, A, Moreno, D, Gomez-Olivencia, A, Cuenca-Bescos, G, Alcazar de Velasco, A, Garcia, N, Martinon-Torres, M, Sala, N, Lorenzo, C, LORENZO MERINO, CARLOS, Demuro, M, Carretero, J M, Pares, J M, Poza-Rey, E, Bischoff, J, Pantoja-Perez, A, Falgueres, C, Quam, R M, Sharp, W D, Gracia-Tellez, A, Aranburu, A, Arnold, L J, Martinez, I, Arsuaga, J L, Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carbonell, E, Bermudez de Castro, J M, Bonmati, A, Garcia, R, Ortega, A I, Rodriguez, L, Shen, C-C, Pablos, A, Moreno, D, Gomez-Olivencia, A, Cuenca-Bescos, G, Alcazar de Velasco, A, Garcia, N, Martinon-Torres, M, Sala, N, Lorenzo, C, LORENZO MERINO, CARLOS, Demuro, M, Carretero, J M, Pares, J M, Poza-Rey, E, Bischoff, J, Pantoja-Perez, A, Falgueres, C, Quam, R M, Sharp, W D, Gracia-Tellez, A, Aranburu, A, Arnold, L J, Martinez, I, and Arsuaga, J L

Abstract

Seventeen Middle Pleistocene crania from the Sima de los Huesos site (Atapuerca, Spain) are analyzed, including seven new specimens. This sample makes it possible to thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the Neandertals. Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period around 430,000 years ago. The sample shows a consistent morphological pattern with derived Neandertal features present in the face and anterior vault, many of which are related to the masticatory apparatus. This suggests that facial modification was the first step in the evolution of the Neandertal lineage, pointing to a mosaic pattern of evolution, with different anatomical and functional modules evolving at different rates. Copyright © 2014, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Published
2014

36. The Middle Paleolithic site of Cuesta de la Bajada (Teruel, Spain): a perspective on the Acheulean and Middle Paleolithic technocomplexes in Europe

Author

Santonja Gómez, Manuel, Pérez-González, Alfredo, Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Panera Gallego, Joaquín, Rubio-Jara, Susana, Sesé, Carmen, Soto, Enrique, Arnold, L. J., Duval, M., Demuro, M., Ortiz Menéndez, José Eugenio, Torres, Trinidad José de, Mercier, Norbert, Barba, Rebeca, Yravedra, José, Santonja Gómez, Manuel, Pérez-González, Alfredo, Domínguez-Rodrigo, M., Panera Gallego, Joaquín, Rubio-Jara, Susana, Sesé, Carmen, Soto, Enrique, Arnold, L. J., Duval, M., Demuro, M., Ortiz Menéndez, José Eugenio, Torres, Trinidad José de, Mercier, Norbert, Barba, Rebeca, and Yravedra, José

Abstract

Here we present a pluridisciplinary study of Cuesta de la Bajada site (Teruel, Spain). Our findings show that the site contains an early Middle Paleolithic assemblage similar to other European early Middle Paleolithic industries, allowing us to evaluate the coexistence of this industrial tradition with the Acheulean technocomplex in southwest Europe. The process of lithic production at Cuesta de la Bajada represents a technology focused on debitage, the application of technical concepts such as ramified production sequences, and the recycling of flakes via the resharpening of tools and exhausted cores. This site was formed around a pond not far from a river and contains remains of large macrofauna other than equids and cervids. Taphonomic analysis highlights the abundance of cut marks on bones, and supports the hypothesis of selective hunting by hominids. The numerical ages derived from the combination of ESR, OSL and AAR dating methods indicate that the archaeological site was very likely formed around the MIS 8-MIS 9. The appearance of Middle Paleolithic industries in Europe could represents the autochthonous development of a technocomplex distinctly different from the Acheulean, characterized by chaînes operatoires of debitage and a progressive increase of Levallois technology and retouched tools. These results suggest that there is a clear coexistence of assemblages with Acheulean and Middle Paleolithic industries during the last third of the Middle Pleistocene at least in the Iberian Peninsula

Published
2014

37. New luminescence ages for the Galería Complex archaeological site: Resolving chronological uncertainties on the Acheulean record of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Northern Spain

Author

Història i Història de lArt, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., Carbonell, E., Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Arsuaga, J.L., Ortega, A.I., Pérez-González, A., Parés, J.M., Arnold, L.J., Demuro, M., Història i Història de lArt, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., Carbonell, E., Bermúdez De Castro, J.M., Arsuaga, J.L., Ortega, A.I., Pérez-González, A., Parés, J.M., Arnold, L.J., and Demuro, M.

Abstract

10.1371/journal.pone.0110169, The archaeological karstic infill site of Galería Complex, located within the Atapuerca system (Spain), has produced a large faunal and archaeological record ( Homo sp. aff. heidelbergensis fossils and Mode II lithic artefacts) belonging to the Middle Pleistocene. Extended-range luminescence dating techniques, namely post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) dating of K-feldspars and thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL) dating of individual quartz grains, were applied to fossil-bearing sediments at Galería. The luminescence dating results are in good agreement with published chronologies derived using alternative radiometric dating methods (i.e., ESR and U-series dating of bracketing speleothems and combined ESR/U-series dating of herbivore teeth), as well as biochronology and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions inferred from proxy records (e.g., pollen data). For the majority of samples dated, however, the new luminescence ages are significantly (~50%) younger than previously published polymineral thermoluminescence (TL) chronologies, suggesting that the latter may have overestimated the true burial age of the Galería deposits. The luminescence ages obtained indicate that the top of the basal sterile sands (GIb) at Galería have an age of up to ~370 thousand years (ka), while the lowermost sub-unit containing Mode II Acheulean lithics (base of unit GIIa) was deposited during MIS 9 (mean age = 313±14 ka; n = 4). The overlying units GIIb-GIV, which contain the richest archaeopalaeontological remains, were deposited during late MIS 8 or early MIS 7 (~240 ka). Galería Complex may be correlative with other Middle Pleistocene sites from Atapuerca, such as Gran Dolina level TD10 and unit TE19 from Sima del E

Published
2014

38. Late Holocene evolution of playa lakes in the central Ebro depression based on geophysical surveys and morpho-stratigraphic analysis of lacustrine terraces

Author

Gutiérrez, F., primary, Valero-Garcés, B., additional, Desir, G., additional, González-Sampériz, P., additional, Gutiérrez, M., additional, Linares, R., additional, Zarroca, M., additional, Moreno, A., additional, Guerrero, J., additional, Roqué, C., additional, Arnold, L.J., additional, and Demuro, M., additional

Published
2013
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39. ACTIVE STEPS

Author

Pariser, G L, primary, Gillette, P, additional, DeMuro, M, additional, and Winters, S, additional

Published
2007
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42. Examining Neanderthal and carnivore occupations of Teixoneres Cave (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) using archaeostratigraphic and intra-site spatial analysis

Author

Zilio, Leandro, Hammond, Heidi, Karampaglidis, Theodoros, Sánchez-Romero, Laura, BLASCO, Ruth, Rivals, Florent, Rufà, Anna, Picin, Andrea, Chacón, M Gema, Demuro, Martina, Arnold, Lee, Rosell, Jordi, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), University of California, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Adelaide, Zilio L., Hammond H., Karampaglidis T., Sanchez-Romero L., Blasco R., Rivals F., Rufa A., Picin A., Chacon M.G., Demuro M., Arnold L.J., and Rosell J.

Subjects
Archaeology, Science, Cultural evolution, Medicine, Article, Middle Paleolithic, Neanderthals, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Teixoneres Cave (Moià, Barcelona, Spain) is a reference site for Middle Palaeolithic studies of the Iberian Peninsula. The cave preserves an extensive stratigraphic sequence made up of eight units, which is presented in depth in this work. The main goal of this study is to undertake an initial spatial examination of Unit III, formed during Marine Isotope Stage 3, with the aim of understanding spatial organization and past activities developed by Neanderthals and carnivores (bears, hyenas and smaller carnivores). The total sample analysed includes 38,244 archaeological items and 5888 limestone blocks. The application of GIS tools allows us to clearly distinguish three geologically-defined stratigraphic subunits. Unit III has been previously interpreted as a palimpsest resulting from alternating occupation of the cave by human groups and carnivores. The distribution study shows that faunal specimens, lithic artefacts, hearths and charcoal fragments are significantly concentrated at the entrance of the cave where, it is inferred, hominins carried out different activities, while carnivores preferred the sheltered zones in the inner areas of the cave. The results obtained reveal a spatial pattern characterized by fire use related zones, and show that the site was occupied by Neanderthals in a similar and consistent way throughout the ˃ 7000 years range covered by the analysed subunits. This spatial pattern is interpreted as resulting from repeated short-term human occupations.

Published
2021

43. A multi-dating approach to age-modelling long continental records: The 135 ka El Cañizar de Villarquemado sequence (NE Spain)

Author

Blas M. Benito, M. Frugone, Josu Aranbarri, Mario Morellón, E. García-Prieto, Belén Oliva-Urcia, Lee J. Arnold, Martina Demuro, Christine Lane, Graciela Gil-Romera, Simon Blockley, Mark Hardiman, Blas L. Valero-Garcés, Penélope González-Sampériz, A. Moreno, Valero-Garcés, BL [0000-0003-2214-7057], Gil-Romera, G [0000-0001-5726-2536], Moreno, A [0000-0001-7357-584X], Oliva-Urcia, B [0000-0003-1563-6434], Aranbarri, J [0000-0002-4903-9593], Frugone, M [0000-0002-4182-9902], Morellón, M [0000-0003-2067-2202], Demuro, M [0000-0002-5799-4216], Lane, CS [0000-0001-9206-3903], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, CICYT (España), and Australian Research Council

Subjects
Marine isotope stage, NE/E015670/1, 010506 paleontology, Paleomagnetism, Optically stimulated luminescence, Last glacial cycle, Stratigraphy, NERC, 3705 Geology, Mediterranean, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Continental sequences, Sequence (geology), law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Glacial period, Radiocarbon dating, Bayesian age model, OSL, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Series (stratigraphy), RCUK, 37 Earth Sciences, Geology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Radiocarbon, Physical geography, Tephrochronology, IRSL
Abstract

We present a multidisciplinary dating approach - including radiocarbon, Uranium/Thorium series (U/Th), paleomagnetism, single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), polymineral fine-grain infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) and tephrochronology - used for the development of an age model for the Cañizar de Villarquemado sequence (VIL) for the last ca. 135 ka. We describe the protocols used for each technique and discuss the positive and negative results, as well as their implications for interpreting the VIL sequence and for dating similar terrestrial records. In spite of the negative results of some techniques, particularly due to the absence of adequate sample material or insufficient analytical precision, the multi-technique strategy employed here is essential to maximize the chances of obtaining robust age models in terrestrial sequences. The final Bayesian age model for VIL sequence includes 16 AMS 14C ages, 9 single-grain quartz OSL ages and 5 previously published polymineral fine-grain IRSL ages, and the accuracy and resolution of the model are improved by incorporating information related to changes in accumulation rate, as revealed by detailed sedimentological analyses. The main paleohydrological and vegetation changes in the sequence are coherent with global Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to 1 transitions since the penultimate Termination, although some regional idiosyncrasies are evident, such as higher moisture variability than expected, an abrupt inception of the last glacial cycle and a resilient response of vegetation in Mediterranean continental Iberia in both Terminations. © 2019, Funding for El Cañizar de Villarquemado sequence research was provided by DINAMO ( CGL-BOS 2009–07992 ), DINAMO2 ( CGL-BOS 2012–33063 ), DINAMO 3 ( ) IBERIANPALEOFLORA ( CGL-BOS 2012–31717) and GRACCIE-CONSOLIDER ( CSD2007-00067 ) projects, provided by the Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT ) and by the Aragon Government ( DGA project, 2005–2006 ). Tephrochronology research was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council consortium RESET (NE/E015670/1 ). The single-grain OSL dating research was supported by Australian Research Council ( ARC ) Future Fellowship project FT130100195 and Discovery Early Career Researcher Award DE160100743 . The work of BMB was supported by the IGNEX project ( 249894 ), funded by the FRIMEDBIO program of The Research Council of Norway. Graciela Gil-Romera is funded by the DFG project FOR 2358 “ Mountain Exile Hypothesis ”. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions improved the manuscript.

Published
2019

44. Initial Upper Palaeolithic lithic industry at Cueva Millán in the hinterlands of Iberia.

Author

Sánchez-Yustos P, Marín-Arroyo AB, Arnold LJ, Luque L, Kehl M, López-Sáez JA, Carrancho Alonso Á, Demuro M, Sanz-Royo A, Buckley M, Maíllo-Fernández JM, Cuartero-Monteagudo F, Llamazares-González J, Ruiz-Alonso M, Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger R, García-Soto E, and Alcaraz-Castaño M

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Spain, Fossils history, Industry history, History, Ancient, Archaeology, Neanderthals
Abstract

The extended period of coexistence between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in Europe coincided with the emergence of regionally distinctive lithic industries, signalling the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic. The Iberian Peninsula was on the periphery of pioneering Upper Palaeolithic developments, with archaeological remains primarily found in northern territories. We report the discovery of an initial Upper Palaeolithic lithic industry at Cueva Millán in the hinterlands of Iberia. This industry, termed here Arlanzian, not only represents the earliest and southernmost evidence of such industries in Iberia but also lacks a direct counterpart. However, it exhibits chronological and technological parallels with the lithic industries associated with the earliest expansion of Homo sapiens throughout Eurasia. We interpret this as potential evidence of its intrusive nature, but not necessarily associated with a migration event, as more complex scenarios derived from inter-population connectivity must be also considered. The biological identity of the Arlanzian makers remains unknown, but they coexisted with declining Neanderthal groups from neighbouring territories., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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45. Long genetic and social isolation in Neanderthals before their extinction.

Author

Slimak L, Vimala T, Seguin-Orlando A, Metz L, Zanolli C, Joannes-Boyau R, Frouin M, Arnold LJ, Demuro M, Devièse T, Comeskey D, Buckley M, Camus H, Muth X, Lewis JE, Bocherens H, Yvorra P, Tenailleau C, Duployer B, Coqueugniot H, Dutour O, Higham T, and Sikora M

Subjects
Animals, Social Isolation, Humans, Genome, Extinction, Biological, France, Neanderthals genetics, Fossils
Abstract

Neanderthal genomes have been recovered from sites across Eurasia, painting an increasingly complex picture of their populations' structure that mostly indicates that late European Neanderthals belonged to a single metapopulation with no significant evidence of population structure. Here, we report the discovery of a late Neanderthal individual, nicknamed "Thorin," from Grotte Mandrin in Mediterranean France, and his genome. These dentognathic fossils, including a rare example of distomolars, are associated with a rich archeological record of Neanderthal final technological traditions in this region ∼50-42 thousand years ago. Thorin's genome reveals a relatively early divergence of ∼105 ka with other late Neanderthals. Thorin belonged to a population with a small group size that showed no genetic introgression with other known late European Neanderthals, revealing some 50 ka of genetic isolation of his lineage despite them living in neighboring regions. These results have important implications for resolving competing hypotheses about causes of the disappearance of the Neanderthals., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2024
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46. Nobody's land? The oldest evidence of early Upper Paleolithic settlements in inland Iberia.

Author

Sala N, Alcaraz-Castaño M, Arriolabengoa M, Martínez-Pillado V, Pantoja-Pérez A, Rodríguez-Hidalgo A, Téllez E, Cubas M, Castillo S, Arnold LJ, Demuro M, Duval M, Arteaga-Brieba A, Llamazares J, Ochando J, Cuenca-Bescós G, Marín-Arroyo AB, Seijo MM, Luque L, Alonso-Llamazares C, Arlegi M, Rodríguez-Almagro M, Calvo-Simal C, Izquierdo B, Cuartero F, Torres-Iglesias L, Agudo-Pérez L, Arribas A, Carrión JS, Magri D, Zhao JX, and Pablos A

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Fossils, Archaeology, Spain, History, Ancient, Population Dynamics, Climate, Neanderthals
Abstract

The Iberian Peninsula is a key region for unraveling human settlement histories of Eurasia during the period spanning the decline of Neandertals and the emergence of anatomically modern humans (AMH). There is no evidence of human occupation in central Iberia after the disappearance of Neandertals ~42,000 years ago until approximately 26,000 years ago, rendering the region "nobody's land" during the Aurignacian period. The Abrigo de la Malia provides irrefutable evidence of human settlements dating back to 36,200 to 31,760 calibrated years before the present (cal B.P.) This site also records additional levels of occupation around 32,420 to 26,260 cal B.P., suggesting repeated settlement of this territory. Our multiproxy examination identifies a change in climate trending toward colder and more arid conditions. However, this climatic deterioration does not appear to have affected AMH subsistence strategies or their capacity to inhabit this region. These findings reveal the ability of AMH groups to colonize regions hitherto considered uninhabitable, reopening the debate on early Upper Paleolithic population dynamics of southwestern Europe.

Published
2024
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47. Quality of Life in Palliative Care: A Systematic Meta-Review of Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Author

Demuro M, Bratzu E, Lorrai S, and Preti A

Abstract

Background: The area of palliative care is a setting in which the evaluation of the quality of life (QoL) is fundamental. However, the topic has been covered from many different points of view, and there is a lack of comprehensive synthesis of the evidence drawn from the available literature., Objective: We carried out a meta-review of all available systematic reviews and meta-analyses that have dedicated part or most of the investigation to the assessment of QoL in palliative care to provide the most updated and comprehensive depiction of all available information about measurement and intervention aimed at improving QoL in palliative care., Methods: A meta-review of all recent (5 years) available systematic reviews and meta-analyses on "palliative care" and "quality of life" was carried out. The quality of the extracted studies was assessed with the AMSTAR scale., Results: The search extracted 24 systematic reviews, 14 systematic reviews followed by a meta-analysis on a subset of data, and 2 meta-analyses. In many studies, the investigation of QoL represented a secondary or even marginal outcome. In general, the results supported the efficacy of palliative care in terminal patients or patients with a permanent disability. However, the quality of the studies had a strong influence on the chance that some improvement in QoL was found in relation to palliative care. Studies of lower quality were more likely to report some efficacy of palliative care than studies with better quality., Conclusion: The investigation of QoL in palliative care is understudied. In many studies, QoL is a secondary outcome, and there is some tendency to use a disparate range of tools to measure it, whose reliability and validity should still be established in some groups of patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Bentham Open.)

Published
2024
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48. A marine isotope stage 13 Acheulian sequence from the Amanzi Springs Area 2 Deep Sounding excavation, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Author

Caruana MV, Wilson CG, Arnold LJ, Blackwood AF, Demuro M, and Herries AIR

Subjects
Animals, South Africa, Archaeology, Technology, Luminescence, Hominidae
Abstract

Renewed research at Amanzi Springs has increased resolution on the timing and technology of the Acheulian industry in South Africa. The archeology from the Area 1 spring eye has recently been dated to MIS 11 (∼404-390 ka), and analyses revealed significant technological variability when compared to other southern African Acheulian assemblages. We expand on these results in presenting new luminescence dating and technological analyses of Acheulian stone tools from three artifact-bearing surfaces exposed within the White Sands unit of the Deep Sounding excavation in the Area 2 spring eye. The two lowest surfaces (Surfaces 3 and 2) are sealed within the White Sands and dated between ∼534 to 496 ka and ∼496 to 481 ka (MIS 13), respectively. Surface 1 represents materials deflated onto an erosional surface that cut the upper part of the White Sands (∼481 ka; late MIS 13), which occurred before the deposition of younger Cutting 5 sediments (<408-<290 ka; MIS 11-8). Archaeological comparisons reveal that the older Surface 3 and 2 assemblages are predominated by unifacial and bifacial core reduction and relatively thick, cobble-reduced large cutting tools. In contrast, the younger Surface 1 assemblage is characterized by discoidal core reduction and thinner large cutting tools, mostly made from flake blanks. Typological similarities between the older Area 2 White Sands and younger Area 1 (404-390 ka; MIS 11) assemblages further suggest long-term continuity in site function. We hypothesize Amanzi Springs represent a workshop locality that Acheulian hominins repeatedly visited to access unique floral, faunal, and raw material resources from at least ∼534 to 390 ka., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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49. A marine isotope stage 11 coastal Acheulian workshop with associated wood at Amanzi Springs Area 1, South Africa.

Author

Herries AIR, Arnold LJ, Boschian G, Blackwood AF, Wilson C, Mallett T, Armstrong B, Demuro M, Petchey F, Meredith-Williams M, Penzo-Kajewski P, and Caruana MV

Subjects
South Africa, Rivers, Isotopes, Fossils, Wood, Archaeology
Abstract

Amanzi Springs is a series of inactive thermal springs located near Kariega in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Excavations in the 1960s exposed rare, stratified Acheulian-bearing deposits that were not further investigated over the next 50 years. Reanalysis of the site and its legacy collection has led to a redefined stratigraphic context for the archaeology, a confirmed direct association between Acheulian artefacts and wood, as well as the first reliable age estimates for the site. Thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence and post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence dating indicates that the Acheulian deposits from the Amanzi Springs Area 1 spring eye formed during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 at ~ 404-390 ka. At this time, higher sea levels of ~13-14m would have placed Amanzi Springs around 7 km from a ria that would have formed along what is today the Swartkops River, and which likely led to spring reactivation. This makes the Amanzi Springs Area 1 assemblage an unusual occurrence of a verified late occurring, seaward, open-air Acheulian occupation. The Acheulian levels do not contain any Middle Stone Age (MSA) elements such as blades and points that have been documented in the interior of South Africa at this time. However, a small number of stone tools from the upper layers of the artefact zone, and originally thought of as intrusive, have been dated to ~190 ka, at the transition between MIS 7 to 6, and represent the first potential MSA identified at the site., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2022
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50. The intrusive nature of the Châtelperronian in the Iberian Peninsula.

Author

Rios-Garaizar J, Iriarte E, Arnold LJ, Sánchez-Romero L, Marín-Arroyo AB, San Emeterio A, Gómez-Olivencia A, Pérez-Garrido C, Demuro M, Campaña I, Bourguignon L, Benito-Calvo A, Iriarte MJ, Aranburu A, Arranz-Otaegi A, Garate D, Silva-Gago M, Lahaye C, and Ortega I

Subjects
Animals, Europe, Fossils, France, Paris, Technology, Neanderthals
Abstract

Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neandertals between ca. 50 and 40 kyr BP. Central to these discussions has been the identification of new techno-cultural complexes that overlap with the period of Neandertal demise in Europe. One such complex is the Châtelperronian, which extends from the Paris Basin to the Northern Iberian Peninsula between 43,760-39,220 BP. In this study we present the first open-air Châtelperronian site in the Northern Iberian Peninsula, Aranbaltza II. The technological features of its stone tool assemblage show no links with previous Middle Paleolithic technology in the region, and chronological modeling reveals a gap between the latest Middle Paleolithic and the Châtelperronian in this area. We interpret this as evidence of local Neandertal extinction and replacement by other Neandertal groups coming from southern France, illustrating how local extinction episodes could have played a role in the process of disappearance of Neandertals., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2022
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