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Planta medicinal é qualquer planta que produza princípios ativos que possam ser utilizados com finalidade terapêutica. Essas plantas podem ser atacadas por pragas e doenças que comprometem suas propriedades curativas e a produção. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a reação de boldo (Plectranthus barbatus), menta (Mentha spicata), penicilina (Alternanthera brasiliana), hortelã-pimenta (Mentha piperita) e citronela (Cymbopogon nardus) a Meloidogyne javanica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no campo experimental do Instituto Taquaritinguense de Ensino Superior (ITES), Taquaritinga, SP, a partir de mudas transplantadas para vasos de 5 L contendo substrato esterilizado. Realizou-se a inoculação nas mudas após 20 dias do transplante com 640 ovos + juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) por planta. Decorridos 90 dias após a inoculação, as raízes foram processadas para extração dos ovos e determinação do fator de reprodução (FR) do nematoide. Todas as plantas medicinais avaliadas foram resistentes (FR < 1) a M. javanica, podendo ser utilizadas em rotação de culturas em áreas com ocorrência desse nematoide. Medicinal plant is any plant that produces active principles that can be used for therapeutic purposes. These plants can be attacked by pests and diseases that compromise healing properties and production. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the reaction of boldo (Plectranthus barbatus), mint (Mentha spicata), penicillin (Alternanthera brasiliana), peppermint (Mentha piperita), and citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) to Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the experimental field of Instituto Taquaritinguense de Ensino Superior (ITES), municipality of Taquaritinga, São Paulo state, Brazil, using seedlings transplanted into 5 L pots containing sterilized substrate. The seedlings were inoculated 20 days after transplanting with 640 eggs + second stage juveniles (J2) per plant. After 90 days after inoculation, the roots were processed to extract the eggs, and determine the nematode reproduction factor (RF). All medicinal plants evaluated were resistant (RF < 1) to M. javanica, and can be used in crop rotation in areas with occurrence of this nematode. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-15T17:06:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27361.pdf: 213035 bytes, checksum: ae0e75ab8d8d2b0d0175dbf60ddd389d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The realization of optimal recommendations for the nutrient balance of upland rice is an excellent strategy to increase the productivity and sustainability of the production system, especially in soils with limiting conditions for cultivation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the behavior of upland rice cultivars (ANa 9005CL, ANa 8001, AN Cambará and BRS A502), by foliar fertilization (MaxiZinc®, Booster® and Broadacre®) in the first year under dryland conditions in Vilhena-RO. The experimental design adopted was a randomized block design (BCT), with four cultivars and two levels of micronutrients and four repetitions, in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme. The production components evaluated showed statistically non-significant means for the foliar fertilizer factor, except for the number of spikes per panicle, for which there was a significant difference with an 8% increase in the cultivar ANA 8001 in relation to the other cultivars evaluated. Although the cultivar BRS A502 had fewer spikelets per panicle, the number of panicles per m2 compensated for this and ensured statistical equality in yield. The cultivar ANa 8001 produced the best results in terms of productivity and physical quality of the grains, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region. Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-27T18:22:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cpafro-18762.pdf: 313197 bytes, checksum: b864169f3c0beb9c2d79845b9064c7ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The aim of this work was to prospect termite species associated with the degradation of 463 amazon specimens (5 x 5 x 50 cm) without chemical treatment, from 36 forest species in a decay field, located at Embrapa Acre, municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil (10º01’30.7”S; 67º42’23.6”W). This work focuses on Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen), the main species found and present in 91.6% of the species present in the decay field. The specimens (piles) were arranged in lines, with spacing of 2.5 m between lines and 1.0 m between piles, erected in the soil at a depth of 25 cm. The study was carried out in the period from August 2015 to November 2017 in quarterly evaluations. From visualization of termites in the specimens (aerial and underground parts), they were collected, preserved in alcohol (80%) and identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Only the specimens of Canelão (Aniba canelilla (Kunth) Mez.), Freijó (Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud.), and Imbiridiba-amarela (Terminalia amazonica (J. F. Gmel.) Exell) did not show infestation by H. tenuis. Proportionally by number of cuttings, Cedro-rosa (Cedrela odorata L.), and Angelim-da-mata (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke) were the wood species most and least attacked by H. tenuis, respectively., O objetivo deste trabalho é reportar a principal espécie de térmita associadas à deterioração de espécies madeireiras, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Rio Branco, AC. Foi instalado um campo de apodrecimento no campo experimental da Embrapa Acre (10º01’30,7” S; 67º42’23,6” O) onde foram dispostos 463 corpos de prova (estacas de 5 x 5 x 50 cm) sem tratamento químico, de 36 espécies florestais amazônicas. Os corpos de prova foram dispostos em linhas, com espaçamento de 2,5 x e 1,0 m e enterrados no solo a 25 cm de profundidade. O estudo foi conduzido no período de agosto de 2015 a novembro de 2017, com avaliações trimestrais. A partir da visualização de cupins nos corpos de prova (parte aérea e subterrânea), os mesmos eram coletados, conservados em álcool etílico (80%) e identificados ao menor nível taxonômico possível. Esse trabalho enfoca dados relacionados a Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen), a principal espécie de cupim, encontrada em 91,6% das espécies presentes no campo de apodrecimento. Apenas os corpos de prova de canelão (Aniba canelilla), freijó (Cordia trichotoma) e imbiridiba-amarela (Terminalia amazonica) não foram infestadas por H. tenuis. Proporcionalmente à quantidade de estacas, o cedro-rosa (Cedrela odorata) e o angelim-da-mata (Hymenolobium petraeum) foram as espécies madeireiras mais e menos atacadas por H. tenuis, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Amazônia; biodeterioração; Isoptera; inseto xilófago. Heterotermes tenuis (HAGEN) (BLATTODEA: RHINOTERMITIDAE): main termite associated with forest species, in decay field in Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is to report the main termite species associated with the deterioration of wood species, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Rio Branco, Acre state, Brazil. A rotting field was installed in the experimental field of Embrapa Acre (10º01'30.7” S; 67º42'23.6” W) where 463 specimens were placed (5 x 5 x 50 cm piles) without chemical treatment, of 36 Amazonian forest species. The specimens were arranged in lines, with a spacing of 2.5 x and 1.0 m and buried in the ground at a depth of 25 cm. The study was carried out from August 2015 to November 2017, with quarterly evaluations. From the visualization of termites in the specimens (aerial and underground), they were collected, preserved in ethyl alcohol (80%) and identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level. This work focuses on data related to Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen), the main termite species, found in 91.6% of the species present in the decay field. Only canelão (Aniba canelilla), freijó (Cordia trichotoma), and imbiridiba-amarela (Terminalia amazonica) specimens were not infested by H. tenuis. In proportion to the number of cuttings, cedro-rosa (Cedrela odorata), and angelim-da-mata (Hymenolobium petraeum) were the wood species most and least attacked by H. tenuis, respectively. Keywords: Amazon; biodeterioration; Isoptera; xylophagous insect.

No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito temperatura sobre a dinâmica populacional de Tenuipalpus heveae Baker em cinco clones de seringueira. O estudo foi conduzido de novembro de 2018 a janeiro de 2019 no jardim clonal de seringueiras do campo experimental da Embrapa Acr,e Rio Branco, estado do Acre, nos clones CPAA C18, FDR 5788, FX 3899, PB 312 e RRIM 600. Semanalmente foram retiradas, aleatoriamente, oito folhas do terço inferior da copa de quatro plantas de cada clone. Os ácaros coletados foram montados em lâminas de microscopia em meio de Hoyer. A relação entre a temperatura média e a abundância de T. heveae foi testada por meio de um modelo linear generalizado com distribuição de Poisson. Foi amostrado um total de 2.909 ácaros em 6.720 folíolos analisados. Observou-se um efeito negativo da temperatura sobre a abundância de T. heveae. In the present study, the effect of temperature on the population dynamics of Tenuipalpus heveae Baker in five rubber tree clones was evaluated. The study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019 in the rubber tree clonal garden of the experimental field of Embrapa Acre, municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre, Brazil in the clones CPAA C18, FDR 5788, FX 3899, PB 312 and RRIM 600. Eight leaves were randomly removed weekly from the lower third of the canopy of four plants of each clone. The collected mites were mounted on microscope slides in Hoyer?s medium. Thus, the relationship between mean temperature and T. heveae abundance was tested using a generalized linear model with Poisson?s distribution. A total of 2,909 mites were sampled from 6,720 leaflets analyzed. A negative effect of temperature on T. heveae abundance was observed. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-15T10:44:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27241.pdf: 199320 bytes, checksum: dd631340709af894c8a430717bfdcceb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A strategy for genetic improvement of coffee Coffea canephora plants is to aggregate through artificial crossings the characteristics of the Conilon botanical variety, such as shorter height and drought resistance, with the higher average grain size and resistance to pests and diseases of the Robusta variety. Efficiently separating the clones into these two groups with the aid of appropriate analytical procedures makes field tasks easier for professionals and, thus, allows the systematic production of intervarietal hybrids. This study verifies if the non-parametric discriminant analyzes of the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) and k-average neighbors (k-AN) would be able to correctly classify 130 coffee clones in their botanical varieties previously designated as Conilon, Robusta and Intervarietal Hybrids populations from ten quantitative agronomic characteristics, including the processed coffee beans yield, considering the existing population genetic divergence. These characteristics were found to be good discriminatory variables and the discriminant analyzes k-NN and k-AN, based on the principle of similarity by neighborhood, classified the clones with high hit rates. The k-AN discriminant analysis was able to better discriminate intervarietal hybrids from the group clones Conilon. The results correctly reflected the genetic diversity between the botanical varieties and intervarietal hybrids of Coffea canephora, allowing us to conclude that these classification methods can assist breeders in the main task of discriminating Conilon from Robusta clones. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-14T02:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cpafro-18640.pdf: 492291 bytes, checksum: 9d24b63c74eb0c2c56426cfb41674d9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Aiming to compare integrated crop, livestock (ICL) and forest (ICLF) systems in relation to ingestive behavior of dairy heifers, a 2 × 2 crossover trial was conducted with two periods and two systems. Eight Girolando (3/4holstein × 1/4 Gyr) heifers were evaluated in pasture of Xaraés palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha 'Xaraes' syn Brachiaria brizantha) managed with intermittent stocking. The ICLF systemhad eucalyptus trees planted in tiers with 65% crown cover. Ingestive behavior parameters were obtained using acoustic data collected with mP3 recorders for 48hours. Statistical analysis was performed using the mixed procedure of SAS, and means were compared using the Tukey-Kramer test at 5% significance. The dry mater intake (DMI), number of daily grazing sessions, and the duration of the grazing sessions did not differ (P

Uma das técnicas utilizadas que tem evoluído em programas de melhoramento vegetal trata-se da análise via modelos mistos. A seleção de cultivares utilizando esta metodologia permite inferências mais precisas e realista acerca da avaliação genotípica dos genótipos superiores para de seleção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de milho (Zea mays L.) de quatro safras do programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Acre, utilizando a metodologia de modelos mistos - REML/BLUP. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no campo Experimental da Embrapa Acre. O delineamento utilizado foi em látice retangular 5x6, com duas repetições. Utilizaram-se dados de produtividade de grãos de 78 variedades testadas no ensaio Nacional de milho nos anos 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016, 2017/2018. Utilizou-se o modelo MHVG para estimar a estabilidade genotípica. Utilizou-se o software Selegem REML/BLUP para as análises estatístico-genéticas. Nos quatro anos verificou-se que as variedades não superaram as médias de produção dos híbridos. O ordenamento dos genótipos coincidiu nos quatro anos de avaliação indicando comportamento amplo das cultivares. A metodologia de modelos mistos foi eficiente na avaliação dos ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso, auxiliando na seleção e descarte de cultivares a cada ano agrícola. Os genótipos BRS 1055 e HTCMS-SP1 são os selecionados. One of the techniques used that has advanced in breeding programs is the analysis using mixed models. The selection of cultivars using this methodology allows for more accurate and realistic inferences about the genotypic evaluation of the superior genotypes for selection. The objective of this work was to select corn genotypes from four harvests of the Embrapa Acre breeding program, using the mixed model methodology - REML / BLUP. The experiments were conducted in the Experimental field of Embrapa Acre. The design used was in a 5x6 rectangular lattice, with two replications. Grain yield data from 78 varieties tested in the years 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016, 2017/2018 were used. The MHVG model was used to estimate the genotypic stability. The Selegem REML / BLUP software was used for statistical-genetic analysis. In the four years it was found that the varieties did not exceed the average production of the hybrids. The ordering of the genotypes coincided in the four years of evaluation, indicating broad behavior of the cultivars. The mixed model methodology was efficient in evaluating the cultivation and use value tests, assisting in the selection and disposal of cultivars each agricultural year. The genotypes BRS 1055 and HTCMS-SP1 are selected. Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-29T13:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 27113.pdf: 303214 bytes, checksum: dcc23f373ff69cb99c3401c55e9a3962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This study evaluated the effect of a prostaglandin F2a (PGF) analogue as an ovulatory stimulus in dairy cows and buffaloes raised in the Amazon biome. To this end, three experiments were performed in the state of Rondônia, located in the Amazon biome. In Experiment 1, 22 lactating dairy buffaloes received 2 mg of intramuscular (I.M.) estradiol benzoate (EB) on day 0 and an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDR) from day 0 to day 9 of the protocol. On days 8 and 9, all cows were given 150 ug of I.M. d-cloprostenol (PGF analogue). On day 10, buffaloes were divided into two groups to receive 150 ug of PGF (PGF group, n = 8) or no treatment (CTL group, n = 14), respectively. In Experiment 2, 16 lactating crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) received 2 mg of EB on day 0 and a CIDR insert from day 0 to day 8. On days 7 and 8, all cows were given 150 ug of d-cloprostenol. On day 9, cows were divided into two groups to receive 150 ug of d-cloprostenol (PGF group, n = 8) or no treatment (CTL group, n = 8), respectively. In Experiment 3, 16 lactating crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) were handled and treated similarly as in Experiment 2, although cows did not receive d-cloprostenol on day 8. Single-point outcome variables were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), while proportions with dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with the chi-square test. In Experiment 1, there was no difference (P = 0.30) in the ovulation rate between groups, and, on average, 68% of the buffaloes ovulated. Moreover, the treatment did not affect the interval to ovulation (P = 0.61) nor the diameter of the preovulatory follicle (P = 0.47). As for Experiment 2, only one cow, from the PG group, did not ovulate. There were no differences between the CTL and PG groups (P = 0.69) in the moment of ovulation, which occurred in average 82 h after CIDR removal. Finally, in Experiment 3, cows treated with PGF ovulated earlier than those in the CTL group (62.5 ± 5.8 and 94.5 ± 13.5 h, respectively; P = 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that PGF hastens ovulation in lactating dairy cows, whereas no effect was observed in dairy buffaloes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um análogo de prostaglandina F2a (PGF) como indutor ovulatório em vacas leiteiras e búfalas. Para este fim, três experimentos foram realizados no estado de Rondônia, localizado no bioma Amazônia. No Experimento 1, 22 búfalas leiteiras em lactação receberam 2 mg de benzoato de estradiol (EB) im, no Dia 0 e um dispositivo intravaginal de liberação de progesterona (CIDR) do Dia 0 ao Dia 9 do protocolo. Nos Dias 8 e 9, todas as vacas receberam 150 ug de d-Cloprostenol (análogo PGF), im. No Dia 10, as búfalas foram divididas em dois grupos para receber 150 ug de PGF (Grupo PGF, n = 8) ou nenhum tratamento (Grupo CTL, n = 14). No experimento 2, 16 vacas leiteiras mestiças (Holandês x Gir) receberam 2 mg de EB no Dia 0 e um dispositivo intravaginal (CIDR) do Dia 0 ao Dia 8. Nos Dias 7 e 8 todas as vacas receberam 150 ug de d-Cloprostenol. No Dia 9, as vacas foram divididas em dois grupos para receber 150 ug de d-Cloprostenol (Grupo PGF, n = 8) ou nenhum tratamento (Grupo CTL, n = 8). No Experimento 3, 16 vacas leiteiras mestiças (Holandês x Gir) foram tratadas da mesma forma que no Experimento 2, porém, as vacas não receberam d-Cloprostenol no Dia 8. Variáveis quantitativas foram analisados por análise de variância - one-way ANOVA e variáveis dicotômicas foram analisados pelo teste do qui-quadrado. No Experimento 1, não houve diferença (P = 0,30) na taxa de ovulação entre os grupos, em média 68% das búfalas ovularam após o tratamento. Além disso, não houve diferença entre os grupos no intervalo de ovulação (P = 0,61) e no diâmetro do folículo pré-ovulatório (P = 0,47). No Experimento 2, apenas uma vaca do Grupo PG não ovulou. Não houve diferenças no intervalo de ovulação entre os grupos CTL e PG (P = 0,69). Em média, a ovulação ocorreu 82 horas após a remoção do CIDR. No Experimento 3, vacas tratadas com PGF ovularam antes do Grupo CTL (62,5 ± 5,8 vs 94,5 ± 13,5 h; P = 0,05). Coletivamente, esses resultados sugeriram que a PGF antecipa a ovulação em vacas leiteiras em lactação, porém seu efeito não foi observado em búfalas. Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-06T09:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cpafro-18500.pdf: 412784 bytes, checksum: 6dab3ae6a9400c6fa7ec28a30fb9092b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021