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20. Scaling Climate Smart Agriculture in East Africa : Experiences and Lessons

Author

Kirina, Thomas, Groot, Annemarie, Shilomboleni, Helena, Ludwig, Fulco, Demissie, Teferi, Kirina, Thomas, Groot, Annemarie, Shilomboleni, Helena, Ludwig, Fulco, and Demissie, Teferi

Abstract

Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) responds in order to sustain agriculture under a changing environment, and is a major priority in the development sphere. However, to achieve impact at scale, CSA innovations must address agricultural systems’ context-specific and multi-dimensional nature and be purveyed through feasible scaling processes. Unfortunately, knowledge on the scaling of CSA innovations under smallholder farming systems and in the context of developing countries remains scant. Understanding scaling processes is essential to the design of a sustainable scaling strategy. This study aimed to draw lessons on scaling from 25 cases of scaling CSA, and related projects in Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania implemented by public institutions, local and international research organisations, Non-Govermental Orginsations(NGOs), and community-based organisations. Generally, scaling follows a linear pathway comprising technology testing and scaling. Most cases promoted technologies and models geared towards climate change adaptation in cropbased value chains, and only a few cases incorporated mitigation measures. Efforts to engage the private sector involved building business models as a potential scaling pathway. The cases were very strong on capacity building and institutionalisation from local, national, and even regional levels. However, four critical areas of concern about the sustainability of scaling emerged from the study: (i) There is little understanding and capture of the dynamics of smallholder farming systems in scaling strategies; (ii) climate data, projections, and impact models are rarely applied to support the decision of scaling; (iii) considerations for the biophysical and spatial-temporal impacts and trade-offs analysis in scaling is minimal and just starting to emerge; and (iv) there are still challenges effecting systemic change to enable sustainable scaling. In response to these concerns, we propose investment in understanding and considering t

Published
2022

22. To: Editor of Climate Servicesfrom: Abonesh Tesfaye (Phd.) Phone: + 251 923 80 87 63 E-Mail: Abonesh.Tesfaye@Gmail.Comre: Submission of Paper Entitled ‘Climate Information Services Enhance Farmers' Resilience to Climate Change: Impacts on Agricultural Productivity.’Date: 25 May 2022dear Editor,I Am Enclosing Herewith a Manuscript Entitled ‘Climate Information Services Enhance Farmers' Resilience to Climate Change: Impacts on Agricultural Productivity.’ to Be Considered for Publication in Journal of Climate Services. With the Submission of this Manuscript, I Would Like to Confirm that the Above-Mentioned Manuscript Has Not Been Published Elsewhere or Under Editorial Review for Publication Elsewhere. The Material in the Manuscript, to the Best of Our Knowledge, Does Not Infringe Upon Other Published Material Protected by Copyright.This

Author

Tamru, Seneshaw, primary, Hansen, James, additional, Zebiak, Stephen, additional, Tesfaye, Abonesh, additional, Minten, Bart, additional, Demissie, Teferi, additional, Radeny, Maren, additional, Tesfaye, Kindie, additional, Koru, Bethlehem, additional, and Solomon, Dawit, additional

Published
2022
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24. Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrology of the Upper Awash River Basin, Ethiopia

Author

Emiru, Nega Chalie, primary, Recha, John Walker, additional, Thompson, Julian R., additional, Belay, Abrham, additional, Aynekulu, Ermias, additional, Manyevere, Alen, additional, Demissie, Teferi D., additional, Osano, Philip M., additional, Hussein, Jabir, additional, Molla, Mikias Biazen, additional, Mengistu, Girma Moges, additional, and Solomon, Dawit, additional

Published
2021
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30. Climate change adaptation and the role of fuel subsidies: An empirical bio-economic modeling study for an artisanal open-access fishery

Author

Lancker, Kira, Deppenmeier, Anna Lena, Demissie, Teferi, Schmidt, Jörn O., Lancker, Kira, Deppenmeier, Anna Lena, Demissie, Teferi, and Schmidt, Jörn O.

Abstract

Climate change can severely impact artisanal fisheries and affect the role they play in food security. We study climate change effects on the triple bottom line of ecological productivity, fishers’ incomes, and fish consumption for an artisanal open-access fishery. We develop and apply an empirical, stochastic bio-economic model for the Senegalese artisanal purse seine fishery on small pelagic fish and compare the simulated fishery’s development using four climate projections and two policy scenarios. We find that economic processes of adaptation may amplify the effects of climate variations. The regions’ catch potential increases with climate change, induced by stock distribution changes. However, this outcome escalates over-fishing, whose effects outpace the incipiently favorable climate change effects under three of the four climate projections. Without policy action, the fishery is estimated to collapse in 2030–2035 on average over 1000 runs. We propose an easily implementable and overall welfare-increasing intervention: reduction of fuel subsidies. If fuel subsidies were abolished, ecological sustainability as well as the fishery’s welfare contribution would increase regardless of the climate projection.

Published
2019

35. Impact of Climate Change on the Hydrology of the Upper Awash River Basin, Ethiopia.

Author

Emiru, Nega Chalie, Recha, John Walker, Thompson, Julian R., Belay, Abrham, Aynekulu, Ermias, Manyevere, Alen, Demissie, Teferi D., Osano, Philip M., Hussein, Jabir, Molla, Mikias Biazen, Mengistu, Girma Moges, and Solomon, Dawit

Subjects
CLIMATE change, HYDROLOGY, STREAMFLOW, DROUGHTS, SEASONAL temperature variations
Abstract

This study investigated the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia. A soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated against observed streamflow using SWAT CUP. The Mann–Kendall trend test (MK) was used to assess climate trends. Meteorological drought (SPEI) and hydrological drought (SDI) were also investigated. Based on the ensemble mean of five global climate models (GCMs), projected increases in mean annual maximum temperature over the period 2015–2100 (compared with a 1983–2014 baseline) range from 1.16 to 1.73 °C, while increases in minimum temperature range between 0.79 and 2.53 °C. Increases in mean annual precipitation range from 1.8% at Addis Ababa to 45.5% over the Hombole area. High streamflow (Q5) declines at all stations except Ginchi. Low flows (Q90) also decline with Q90 equaling 0 m3 s−1 (i.e., 100% reduction) at some gauging stations (Akaki and Hombole) for individual GCMs. The SPEI confirmed a significant drought trend in the past, while the frequency and severity of drought will increase in the future. The basin experienced conditions that varied from modest dry periods to a very severe hydrological drought between 1986 and 2005. The projected SDI ranges from modestly dry to modestly wet conditions. Climate change in the basin would enhance seasonal variations in hydrological conditions. Both precipitation and streamflow will decline in the wet seasons and increase in the dry seasons. These changes are likely to have an impact on agricultural activities and other human demands for water resources throughout the basin and will require the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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