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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with intestinal manifestations. Genetic predisposition, including inborn errors of the OAS-RNAseL pathway, has been reported. We sequenced 154 MIS-C patients and utilized a novel statistical framework of gene burden analysis, burdenMC, which identified an enrichment for rare predicted-deleterious variants in BTNL8 (OR = 4.2, 95% CI: 3.5-5.3, P < 10-6). BTNL8 encodes an intestinal epithelial regulator of Vγ4+γδ T cells implicated in regulating gut homeostasis. Enrichment was exclusive to MIS-C, being absent in patients with COVID-19 or bacterial disease. Using an available functional test for BTNL8, rare variants from a larger cohort of MIS-C patients (n = 835) were tested which identified eight variants in 18 patients (2.2%) with impaired engagement of Vγ4+γδ T cells. Most of these variants were in the B30.2 domain of BTNL8 implicated in sensing epithelial cell status. These findings were associated with altered intestinal permeability, suggesting a possible link between disrupted gut homeostasis and MIS-C-associated enteropathy triggered by SARS-CoV-2.

The purpose of this study is to examine student and teacher characteristics related to students' mathematics achievement. The study group for this research was composed of 1533 students who participated in the mathematics subtest of the transition from basic education to secondary education applied in 2016 and 36 mathematics teachers who teach these students. The data for the research are collected with the prepared student and teacher questionnaires. In the analysis of the data, two-level hierarchical linear models are used. According to the results, the most important teacher characteristic related to students' mathematics achievement is the level of professional satisfaction of the teacher. In addition, teachers' seniority, main field education, and classroom management skills have a significant and positive effect on mathematics achievement. Also, teachers' participation in professional development activities has a significant and negative effect on mathematics achievement, but this effect is small in practice. At the student level, the student's self-confidence in mathematics has the most important effect on the subject's achievement. The variables of students' liking mathematics and their anxiety towards mathematics have negative and significant effects on mathematics achievement, but these effects are small in practice.

This study investigates language learners' perception of Turkish teachers' roles in an online setting using metaphor analysis. The aim of this qualitative study was to see how learners viewed their teachers' roles in the setting. Using this data collection tool through convenient sampling, this study elicited 161 language learners' perceptions of teachers' role in an online context during the COVID-19 era between December and January 2020. Analyzing the data, the researchers came up with 10 different conceptual metaphors depicting learners' beliefs about their teachers' roles. The results identified some differences between how learners view teachers' roles in an online mode of education compared to the conventional one as other studies suggest. The implications of these findings for teachers in general and language teachers in particular are discussed, highlighting what can be done to cushion the adverse effects of this novel medium of instruction.

This study aims to investigate the curriculum literacy levels of primary teachers. The study group of this study, which is based on a case study from qualitative research designs, consists of teachers working in primary schools in the 1st term of the 2020-2021 academic year in Diyarbakir. The teachers in the study group were selected by criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods. The semi-structured interview technique was used in the data collection process of the research. In addition, the qualitative data obtained were analyzed with descriptive analysis methods. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the primary teachers did not directly access the curriculum designed by the MoNE but indirectly followed the curriculum by downloading the annual plans from the web pages on the internet. In addition, interviews with teachers revealed that they could barely demonstrate the philosophy, values, and competencies in the curriculum and were not aware of these parts. On the other hand, primary teachers stated that they focused on basic skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic), life skills (selfconfidence, entrepreneurship, self-regulation, problem-solving), and values education (love, respect, honesty, sharing, and responsibility) in success. It is seen that while teachers mostly talk about the acquisitions related to basic skills, life skills, and values education in the curriculum, they refer less to the acquisitions of related mathematics and engineering skills, which are widely used and vital in today's world. This result showed that they care about the inclusion of skills, life skills, and values education in the curriculum, and they try to achieve the goals for these skills by the students.

Background/purpose: ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot designed with generative pre-trained transformer architecture, have intrigued millions of people from diverse backgrounds since its first release, and generated excitement with its groundbreaking performance in numerous use cases they have been tested. Its ability to generate coherent and contextually relevant responses across a wide range of topics have also attracted the attention of researchers, and several scholars have investigated the potential uses of this AI-based tool to promote scientific work. The current study was designed with a similar purpose, and aimed to conduct scientific research on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on education with a collaborative analysis of human-artificial intelligence. Materials/methods: The data were generated from simultaneous interviews with ChatGPT-3.5 and 4, and their responses were evaluated comparatively in terms of the accuracy, clarity, conciseness, and breadth of information provided for (1) the definition of the COVID-19 pandemic, (2) the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education, (3) the positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education, (4) recommendations to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the responses using a trichotomous rating system, and also calculated Cohen's kappa values to assess inter-rater agreements for each category of evaluation. Results: The results indicated that both versions demonstrated a strong potential to generate accurate, clear and concise information with a satisfactory breadth. As can be expected, ChatGPT-4 provided more categorized and synthesized information, and was better at demonstrating critical reasoning. Conclusion: These results indicate that ChatGPT is a promising tool that can support scientific research process in collaboration with human intelligence, and its newer versions could be developed in a way that these chatbots could be ethically and safely integrated into different stages of scientific work.

Background/purpose: ChatGPT, a recent form of AI-based language model, have garnered interest among people from diverse backgrounds with its immersive capabilities. Using ChatGPT to support or generate scientific research has also created an ongoing debate over its advantages versus risks. The present study aimed to conduct an AI-enabled research process using ChatGPT so as to evaluate its potential to generate an accurate, clear, concise, and unbiased information as these are essential elements of rigorous scientific work. Materials/methods: To achieve this aim, we worked on emergency remote teaching (ERT), which garnered significant interest due to its wide-spread use during the COVID-19 pandemic, and created opposing views, particularly in comparison to online teaching. We conducted a simultaneous query on ChatGPT-3.5 and 4 on five basic themes: (1) the definition and emergence of ERT, (2) the appropriateness of ERT for different grade levels, (3) a comparison between ERT and online teaching, (4) the possible outcomes of ERT, (5) the future prospects and uses of ERT, and we performed a comparative evaluation of these responses with regard to accuracy, clarity, conciseness, and potential bias. We also used Cohen's kappa to assess inter-rater agreement in our analysis. Results: The results indicated that both versions were capable of generating accurate information without significant bias although the responses lacked depth and insight with being somewhat repetitive. As the level of judgment required by the query increased, the performance of ChatGPT-4 was much better; it provided clearer and more concise responses with a more synthesized and detailed categories of information on ERT. Conclusion: Based on our results, we state that the cooperation of human and artificial intelligence is still warranted to ensure an accurate and reliable output from AI-based scientific queries. If ChatGPT is a plane with innovative technologies, there still needs to be a pilot in the cockpit to make use of these technologies in the best way so as to fly the plane safely to its destination.

Background/purpose: The unprecedented developments in AI-based technologies and large language models such as ChatGPT have exhibited a brand-new territory to be explored. Since its first release in November 2022, the potential utility of ChatGPT has garnered incremental attention in the scientific world, and has already accumulated a great number of studies from diverse fields. The current study was conducted with the purpose of exploring the scientific landscape of the evolving knowledge base related to the use of ChatGPT in the field of education and health through science mapping analysis of published research. Materials/methods: Data were retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus, and a comparative, period-based science mapping analysis was conducted using the SciMAT software. Results: The results showed that the studies published during the first period mostly focused on machine learning, reproductive medicine, education and first-year undergraduate themes. During the second period, though, the studies featured themes that are closely related to the design and performance of ChatGPT such as large language models (LLMs), natural language processing (NLP) and chatbot while abandoning a focus on artificial intelligence. These results imply that discussions and investigations over ChatGPT were being departed from those in the field of artificial intelligence, and the focus was becoming more central to the features of ChatGPT as a language model that can process huge amounts of information to generate human-like texts. Plagiarism and research ethics were also emerging themes during the last period. Conclusion: The results of the science mapping showed a growing interest into the opportunities and risks of ChatGPT, particularly for fields of education and medicine, and indicated that much research is warranted to discover the potential of GPT technology as an uncharted territory.

Nutrition is one of the cornerstones in the treatment and support of critically ill patients. Nutritional support includes the provision of calories, protein, electrolytes, vitamins, and trace elements through enteral or parenteral routes. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in critically ill patients and can lead to severe consequences, impacting metabolism and nutritional status significantly. Furthermore, regardless of the modality used, renal replacement therapy (RRT) has profound effects on metabolism. Evidence on nutritional support during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is limited, and there are no established clinical guidelines for nutritional adaptations during CRRT in critically ill patients. This review outlines some essential principles for providing micronutrient support in critically ill patients undergoing CRRT and protein requirements in AKI patients.

Abstract Background Orthorexia nervosa (ON) is defined as a pathological fixation on eating healthy and pure food. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Düsseldorf orthorexia scale (DOS) in a clinical sample. Methods A total of 385 individuals, 117 with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 108 with major depressive disorder (MDD), 56 with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and 104 healthy controls, participated in the study. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40), Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS) were applied to all participants. Results The DOS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.87) and good construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure, explaining a significant portion of variance among responses. In the analyses performed to test the convergent validity of DOS, a positive correlation was found with ONI and EAT scores (p 0.05 for each). The severity of orthorexic symptoms measured by DOS was similar between each patient group and healthy control group. DOS was applied to 70 more participants two weeks apart and the test–retest reliability was determined as 0.99. Conclusions This study shows that the Turkish version of DOS is valid and reliable in clinical samples and healthy individuals, is largely consistent with ONI, and that this scale can be used in studies investigating ON.

1863 yılında İngiliz ve Fransız sermayesinin ortaklığı ile kurulan Osmanlı Bankası, sahip olduğu ayrıcalıklar açısından Osmanlı Devleti’nin “merkez bankası” statüsündedir. 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı finans sisteminin önemli bir parçası olan Osmanlı Bankası, 1873 yılında bir hırsızlık ile kamuoyu gündemine gelir. Mıgırdıç Simonoviç isimli bir veznedar yardımcısı beş yıl boyunca çalıştığı Osmanlı Bankasını soymuştur. Çalınan paranın miktarının yüksek oluşu ve hırsızlığın beş yıl boyunca fark edilememesi gibi hususlar hırsızlığı basının ve toplumun gündemine taşımıştır. 1875 yılında gerçekleştirilen mahkeme sürecinde Mıgırdıç Simonoviç’in Osmanlı Bankası ve çalışanları aleyhindeki iddiaları davaya olan ilgiyi daha da arttırmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde basına yansıyan ilk banka yolsuzluğunu ve mahkeme sürecini konu edinen bu çalışma basının olaya dair mağdur-fail-eylem tanımlarını tespit ederek toplumun olaya yaklaşımını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın hareket noktasını medya gündeminin kamuoyu gündemini şekillendirdiği varsayımı oluşturmaktadır. İçerik analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada basında olayla ilgili yayımlanmış haberler analiz birimi olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma 1873 Aralık ile 1875 Ekim tarihleri ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada “Olayın ortaya çıkışı ve mahkeme sürecinde basın; eylem, fail ve mağdurları nasıl tanımlamıştır ve bu tanımlamalarda süreç içerisinde bir değişim olmuş mudur?” ve “Toplumun olaya yaklaşımı nasıldır?” sorularına cevap aranmaktadır. Yolsuzluk ve dava sürecinin daha önce incelenmemiş olması çalışmayı önemli kılan unsurdur. Çalışma sonucunda toplumun olay ile ilişkili olarak farklı mağdur-fail tanımları oluşturduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Abstract Alpha‐methylacyl‐CoA‐racemase (AMACR) deficiency (MIM#604489) is a peroxisomal disorder resulting in the accumulation of pristanic acid, dihydroxycholestanoic acid (DHCA), and trihydroxycholestanoic acid (THCA), with variable clinical features and age of onset from infancy to late adulthood. The purpose of this report is to define clinical variations and follow‐up data in AMACR deficiency emphasizing treatment with a review of cases reported in the literature. Here, four patients, from two families, diagnosed with AMACR deficiency and showing phenotypic heterogeneity are presented. A 10‐month‐old‐female presented with coagulopathy, hepatic dysfunction, and elevated pristanic acid, DHCA, and THCA levels. Genetic testing confirmed a homozygous variant c.596G>A in the AMACR gene. Her brother who had macrovesicular hepatosteatosis and elevated pristanic acid levels was diagnosed with family screening. The third patient presented with rhabdomyolysis following a strenuous exercise without any other complaint. Homozygous novel c.1006G>A variant was found on the AMACR gene. His asymptomatic sister carrying the same variant also had elevated pristanic acid levels. They had normal neuropsychologic evaluation. Dietary treatment with low phytanic and pristanic acid content was recommended to the patients but all showed poor compliance. The sibling pairs were followed for periods of 11 and 7 years, respectively. AMACR deficiency is usually described as an adult‐onset disorder with neuropsychological problems. The characterization of natural history and new clinical phenotypes may support earlier diagnosis and treatment.

Public policy education has rapidly spread among universities worldwide and in Turkey in the last few decades. Despite this spread, it is a question mark what competencies this education promises to future public policy analysts in today's complex economic, social, and political environment. This study first investigates the rising expectations from public policy analysts based on the relevant literature. Then it employs a comparative content analysis on "course learning outcomes" representing the promises of 151 public policy courses in Turkey's 72 universities' political science and public administration departments. The prominent findings indicate big gaps in public policy education in the country, and the literature's expectations are not fully met in practice. While the neglect of competencies related to evidence-based public policymaking and the use of information technology is a significant hindrance to the development of modern policy analysts, the need for national regulation comes to the fore as a solution.

This study employed Walsh's (2006) concept of classroom interactional competence to investigate the classroom interaction during synchronous online English language teaching. The data of this study is comprised of 8 40-minute video recordings of an EFL class at a state university's English preparatory program. The data belongs to the same group of learners who were taught by the same EFL instructor. The classes were held via ZOOM, a free video-conferencing program. The analysis focused on scaffolding moves of the teacher- specifically reformulation, extension, and modeling moves- for two reasons. First, the data was abundant in terms of teacher talk samples falling into this category. Second, several scaffolding attempts of the teacher were observed to fail due to technology-related problems. There was evidence in the data that the lack of body language harmed the dialogic nature of teacher-learner interaction and reformulation, and extension moves could not bring about extended learner turns. Regarding the unsuccessful modeling, it was observed that the teacher's failure to use annotation tools hindered the learners' noticing of teacher modeling. As a result, these findings have implications for foreign language teachers' adaptation to online teaching and also for the optimization of video-conferencing tools to be developed for educational use.

Abstract In this theoretical study, the high‐frequency response of the electrothermal NbO2‐Mott threshold switch is focused, a real‐world electronic device, which has been proved to be relevant in several applications and is classified as a volatile memristor. Memristors of this kind, have been shown to exhibit distinctive non‐linear behaviors crucial for cutting‐edge neuromorphic circuits. In accordance with well‐established models for these devices, their resistances depend on their body temperatures, which evolve over time following Newton's Law of Cooling. Here, it is demonstrated that HP's NbO2‐Mott memristor can manifest up to three distinct steady‐state oscillatory behaviors under a suitable high‐frequency periodic voltage input, showcasing increased versatility despite its volatile nature. Additionally, when subjected to a high‐frequency periodic voltage signal, the device body temperature oscillates with a negligible peak‐to‐peak amplitude. Since the temperature remains almost constant over an input cycle, the devices under study behave as linear resistors during each input cycle. Based on these insights, this paper presents analytical equations characterizing the response of the NbO2‐Mott memristor to high‐frequency voltage inputs, demarcating regions in the state space where distinct initial conditions lead to various asymptotic oscillatory behaviors. Importantly, the mathematical methods introduced in this manuscript are applicable to any volatile electrothermal resistive switch. Additionally, this work presents analytical equations that accurately reproduce the temperature time‐waveform of the studied device during both its transient and steady‐state phases when subjected to a zero‐mean sinusoidal voltage input oscillating in the high‐frequency limit. This analytical approach not only increases the comprehension of volatile electrothermal memristors but also provides a theoretical framework to harness the enhanced dynamical capabilities of real‐world volatile memristors in practical applications.

High-quality Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education provides unique opportunities for students' futures. STEM education requires integrating multiple disciplines and promotes students' problem-solving skills when engaging with real-world problems like engineers. Teachers have prominent roles in helping students develop basic concepts, connect their interests to their abilities, and sustain their curiosity from the early years. The present study used a predictive correlational survey design to investigate students' STEM career interests and the effects of teacher-related variables: teacher attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs. The participants were 421 middle school students and 160 teachers randomly selected from the target population. STEM Attitudes Scale and Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale for STEM Practice were used to collect data from teachers, and STEM Career Interest Scale (STEM-CIS) was used for data collection from students. Normality assumptions were tested, and parametric tests were used. One sample t-test was used to compare students' observed mean scores to the expected mean scores and multiple linear regression to investigate the predictivity of teacher attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs on student interests. The results revealed positive weak, and moderate relationships between teacher attitudes, self-efficacy beliefs, and student interests. Additionally, teacher efficacy beliefs had stronger predictivity on student interests than attitudes had. [Note: The page range (204-216) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 204-215.]

This research aims to determine the stereotypes about the teaching profession. In line with this purpose, 104 classroom teachers determined by the criterion sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, were determined as the study group in the 2021-2022 academic year. In this study, which was directed by the basic qualitative research model, one of the qualitative research approaches, semi-structured interview forms, were used to collect data. The purpose of this interview form was to identify the stereotypes experienced by classroom teachers, the cause for the creation of these judgments, and the behaviours expected of teachers and non-teachers to combat these stereotypes. The content analysis technique was used in the analysis process of the obtained data. As a result of the research, the teaching profession, It is seen that there are stereotypes that it is comfortable, having a lot of holidays, working half a day, the most difficult, earning money while lying down, a sacred, female profession. Examining the origins of stereotypes reveals that the teacher (attitude, qualifications, type of employment) and working conditions are professional factors. In contrast, the country's political structure, the media, and the social perspective are non-professional factors. It is understood that primary school teachers consider it necessary to increase professional development, have a professional attitude and promote the profession to prevent stereotypes. Finally, it has been concluded that apart from teachers, the Ministry of National Education, universities, unions, school administrators, politicians, media organizations, and parents should take responsibility for eliminating stereotypes about the teaching profession.

This study investigates EFL instructors' classroom interactional competence (CIC) when they teach via synchronous video conferencing to see if they perceive any differences in their CIC displays in face-to-face settings versus synchronous online teaching. The participants consisted of 16 EFL instructors from two different state universities in Turkey. The convenience sampling method was employed to reach the participants, all of whom conducted their classes solely on a synchronous online platform throughout the 2020-2021 academic year. The data were collected through the Self Evaluation of Teacher Talk (SETT) chart as well as semi-structured interviews during the 2020-2021 academic year. Findings highlight that the participants expressed feeling more interactionally competent in teaching face-to-face classrooms. The range of the CIC components reported as in need of improvement in synchronous online education was found to be much wider than the ones in face-to-face education. Synchronous online education is an avenue marked by its inherent differences from face-to-face education. It creates a need for EFL instructors to reconsider ways of displaying their CIC satisfactorily in online education, which can be achieved via a comprehensive planning ranging from pre-service teacher education to in-service teacher training. Additionally, this study argues that the concept of CIC needs expansion to include e-platforms-oriented components.

This study investigates the factors influencing food inflation in Turkey, employing both endogenous and exogenous models and integrating major literature findings. Utilizing monthly data from February 2007 to November 2023, standardized for analysis, it explores the relationship between food inflation and various determinants through classical and Bayesian methods. The analysis reveals that increases in the real effective exchange rate, money supply (M1), Turkish and Federal Reserve interest rates, and the food and beverage price index contribute to rising food inflation. Conversely, higher oil prices have a statistically significant negative effect on food inflation. The most influential variables, determined by their inclusion probabilities in the model, are the money supply, Federal Reserve interest rate, real effective exchange rate, and Turkish interest rate. These findings underscore their importance in understanding and analyzing changes in Turkey's food inflation.

Abstract Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetically heterogeneous group of degenerative disorders causing progressive vision loss due to photoreceptor death. RP affects other retinal cells, including the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). MicroRNAs (miRs) are implicated in RP pathogenesis, and downregulating miR-181a/b has shown therapeutic benefit in RP mouse models by improving mitochondrial function. This study investigates the expression profile of miR-181a/b in RPE cells and the neural retina during RP disease progression. We also evaluate how miR-181a/b downregulation, by knocking out miR-181a/b-1 cluster in RPE cells, confers therapeutic efficacy in an RP mouse model and explore the mechanisms underlying this process. Results Our findings reveal distinct expression profiles, with downregulated miR-181a/b in RPE cells suggesting a protective response and upregulated miR-181a/b in the neural retina indicating a role in disease progression. We found that miR-181a/b-2, encoded in a separate genomic cluster, compensates for miR-181a/b-1 ablation in RPE cells at late time points. The transient downregulation of miR-181a/b in RPE cells at post-natal week 6 (PW6) led to improved RPE morphology, retarded photoreceptor degeneration and decreased RPE aerobic glycolysis. Conclusions Our study elucidates the underlying mechanisms associated with the therapeutic modulation of miR-181a/b, providing insights into the metabolic processes linked to its RPE-specific downregulation. Our data further highlights the impact of compensatory regulation between miR clusters with implications for the development of miR-based therapeutics. Graphical Abstract

Introduction: Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that is critical for cell growth. However, the differential metabolism of l-glutamine in metastatic versus primary colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been evaluated adequately. Materials and methods: Differential expression of glutamine-related genes was determined in primary versus metastatic CRC. Univariate Cox regression and hierarchical clustering were used to generate a gene signature for prognostication. Untargeted metabolomics and 18O based fluxomics were used to identify differential metabolite levels and energy turnover in the paired primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) CRC cells. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to validate differential gene expression. Subcellular localization of E-cadherin was determined by immunocytochemistry. Lipid droplets were visualized with Nile Red. Results: The GO term “Glutamine metabolism” was significantly enriched in metastatic versus primary tumors. Supporting this, SW620 cells showed decreased membrane localization of E-cadherin and increased motility upon l-Glutamine withdrawal. A glutamine related signature associated with worse prognosis was identified and validated in multiple datasets. A fluxomics assay revealed a slower TCA cycle in SW480 and SW620 cells upon l-Glutamine withdrawal. SW620 cells, however, could maintain high ATP levels. Untargeted metabolomics indicated the preferential metabolism of fatty acids in SW620 but not SW480 cells. Lipids were mainly obtained from the environment rather than by de novo synthesis. Conclusions: Metastatic CRC cells can display aberrant glutamine metabolism. We show for the first time that upon l-glutamine withdrawal, SW620 (but not SW480) cells were metabolically plastic and could metabolize lipids for survival and cellular motility.

Biophilic design, in the context of modern interior spaces, focuses on incorporating natural elements and materials to counter the growing disconnect between people and nature. It aims to enhance human well-being, particularly within office environments, ultimately influencing performance and corporate success. In the era of globalization, where office spaces play a pivotal role, the interplay between office design, occupant well-being, and performance cannot be underestimated. Several factors are integral to the success of office design, including lighting, color schemes, ergonomic furniture, and construction materials. A well-designed office should not only facilitate work but also lower stress levels, boost motivation, and promote physical health among its users. This academic study delves into the identification of biophilic design elements that contribute positively to the office experience. It commences with a comprehensive literature review on biophilic design principles and their components. These principles are then transposed into the realm of office design, forming the basis for an expert evaluation survey. The survey findings highlight three paramount biophilic design elements for integration into office spaces: access to natural light, the use of evolving natural materials, and the provision of a nature view. Interestingly, participants with expertise in landscape architecture and biophilic design place higher importance on incorporating natural elements into their office designs. This research emphasizes the pivotal role played by biophilic design in shaping corporate environments, rendering them conducive to work, while concurrently promoting the wellbeing and productivity of their inhabitants.

Aim: COVID-19 is a lethal disease for which there is still no specific treatment. The study aims to retrospectively investigate the effect of adding lopinavir/ritonavir to the treatment of patients using favipiravir (in the ward or intensive care unit) on mortality. Methods: This study was conducted in 181 Rt-PCR(+) adult patients with severe and critical COVID-19. Demographic and laboratory data, antiviral agents used in treatment (with or without lopinavir-ritonavir), presence of intubation, and clinical outcome were recorded. The patients were categorized into Group 1 (not receiving lopinavir-ritonavir), Group 2 (administered lopinavir-ritonavir in ward), and Group 3 (administered lopinavir-ritonavir in the intensive care unit). Results: The lowest mortality rate was found with Group 2 (21.4%) while this rate was 77.9% for Group 3 and 42.3% for Group 1 (p0.05). While 35.2% (25 patients) of Group 1 needed intubation, this rate was 21.4% (9 patients) in Group 2 (p