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In this paper, the unknown parameters of a SEIRS mathematical model for the dynamics of COVID-19 are estimated by the least squares approach using data of Trkiye. In the considered model, the infective group is divided into two classes consisting of diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. Since the data for undiagnosed infective individuals in the community is unknown, three di erent scenarios are proposed. The numerical solutions of the model using the estimated parameter values and the actual data are demonstrated with graphs.

Background. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the association between the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) and Ki-67, an index for cellular proliferation, in non-small cell lung cancers. Also, we aimed to assess whether ADCmin values differ between tumour subtypes and tissue sampling method.

Even though there are numerous studies on environmental education in the literature, they are limited to investigate the effects of stories. In this context, this research aimed to investigate the views of fifth grade Turkish students concerning environmental problems through storytelling. In accordance with this aim, action research has carried out. The study was conducted with 35 students enrolled in a middle school. Four stories related to different environmental topics were told participants during four weeks. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group interviews supported by data analysis of word association test (WAT). WAT included six key words was applied as pre- and post-WAT. The frequency tables and concept networks were constructed based on WAT results. Participants discussed the effects of environmental problems, the consequences of environmental problems, and environmental protection through focus group interviews. According to the WAT results, students mostly associated "human" with "environmental problem" and "environmental pollution". They also used of ecological terms increased at the end of intervention.

Increasing internet usage enables individuals to easily access the information they are searching for. This situation brings up the concept of digital literacy. Healthcare institutions are also increasingly keeping up with this internet age. In this study, it was tried to reveal the difference between the sociodemographic characteristics of healthcare managers and employees working in healthcare institutions and the lower dimensions of digital literacy and job satisfaction. This study also aims to investigate the impact of digital literacy lower dimensions on job satisfaction's lower dimensions and make suggestions. The research was carried out with the participation of health managers and employees consisting of 396 people working in Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital. According to the research results, a low-level positive relationship was found between digital literacy lower dimensions and internal and external satisfaction (p<0.005), but no positive or negative effect was found (p>0.001). In the research, it was determined that the lower dimensions of digital literacy do not differ according to gender, marital status and age, but vary according to the position in the institution. While there is a significant difference between internal satisfaction, which is a lower dimension of job satisfaction, and gender, age and position in the institution, there is a significant difference between external satisfaction and only the position in the institution. It is thought that the offered service will be provided more efficiently and effectively by eliminating the deficiencies determined as a result of the analysis in the institution where the study is conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID‐19 is an ongoing health problem with millions of cases and deaths worldwide. Although the virus is transmitted with droplets through the respiratory system, the involvement of different organs has been reported. Objectives: The pandemic caused urological procedures to be postponed when patient is infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. However, the reliability of 1 month postpone period and long‐term complications of the virus, such as a possible erectile dysfunction (ED) is not clarified. We aimed to compare the corpus cavernosum of patients 1 and 7 months after COVID‐19 infection with control patients who had not COVID‐19 and search for SARS‐CoV‐2 in tissues using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Materials and methods: Three groups of subjects underwent penile prosthesis implantation and Nesbit procedure for Peyronie's disease 1 and 7 months after COVID‐19 infection and control group without previous COVID‐19 infection. We searched for SARS‐CoV‐2 in penile tissue using RT‐PCR, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results: Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining showed SARS CoV‐2 virus in the penile corpus cavernosum of patients 1 month after COVID‐19 recovery. Immunohistochemical staining intensity correlated with the severity of previous infection. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular virtual particles of about 80 nm with a typical morphology of prominent spikes and electron‐dense dots of nucleocapsid in addition to vesicles filled with virus‐like particles. Cells showed increased membrane trafficking. The 1 month after COVID‐19 group showed an increased number of fibroblasts. The 7 months after COVID‐19 group had similar morphology and immunoreactivity as control group. Discussion: This is the first study of late post‐COVID examination of penis and the second study of early post‐COVID examination of corpus cavernosum. For 1 month post‐COVID patients, the aetiology of ED could be the viral infection that is also affecting corpora cavernosa. We hypothesize that viral infection affects the endocytic and exocytic pathways, hence the metabolic activity of cells that can be the reason of altered functions in some post‐COVID patients. Conclusion: This study is important because it did not detect any virus residue in the tissue samples at the seventh month. In addition, we can say that the penile surgeries should be postponed more than 1 month after the COVID infection according to this study. But, there is a need for new studies with large series and high levels of evidence that can show how long the virus remains in the corpus cavernosum. Patients should be followed in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the way medical education is delivered. In most countries education was provided remotely. In this study, we aimed to study whether social and online habits, computer readiness, online communication skills, and Internet Use Disorder (IUD) were significant characteristics affecting the preferences of medical students for online or traditional classroom teaching in histology and embryology. Material and Method: In 2019-2020, the fall semester for Turkish universities was face-to-face. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the spring semester of that academic year was online. We asked 1,144 public and private university students in Istanbul about demographic characteristics and their preferences in learning and general living, using two subscales of the Online Learning Readiness Scale (OLRS) and the Young Internet Addiction Scale. We compared online and face-to-face success levels using quiz results. Results: Students generally preferred traditional lectures. However, those with higher OLRS scores preferred online lectures and learning materials and were more adapted to online living. Internet use disorder did not correlate with online lecture preferences. The results from private and public universities were not considerably different. The success levels after online lectures were better than after face-to-face lectures, which suggests that the preferences and satisfaction of students are different from their learning achievement. Conclusion: Preferences of students should be the priority in planning medical education. They want online lectures available as complementary to face-to-face lectures. Therefore, instructors should improve their online communication and teaching skills to enhance students’ online lecture satisfaction. The IUD does not possess a risk in this condition. Contrarily, regularly planned complementary online courses will enhance students online learning habits, online readiness and achievement and enables a more effective continuation of education in cases of natural disasters and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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