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The aim of this study was to reveal the competitiveness of dried fruit sector in Izmir. In this study, the competition level of dried fruits sector in Izmir was analyzed by applying Porter's Diamond Model. The total number of dried fruit firms in İzmir is 46. Data for this research were collected from the manager of 26 firms, that is 56.5% of all the companies working in this sector. According to the results, the competitiveness level of Izmir for the sector was determined as medium. The most important finding of the research was that the state, which was classified as an outside factor in the model, was found to affect the competition level of the sector negatively due to high tax rates, complex legal arrangements and bureaucracy. The outcomes could be used to create both public sector policies and private sector policies in order to improve sector competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh fruit production and marketing are significant in Çanakkale as a consequence of suitable climate and natural conditions. The aim of this study is to identify the factors which affect fresh fruit production and marketing. In this respect, a survey has been carried out in Çanakkale, and questionnaires prepared in accordance with the aim of the study have been filled out through face toface interview with 98 farmers who have been chosen by means of stratified random sampling. Product scope of this study includes apple and peach which constitute 71 % of the total fresh fruit production in Çanakkale. This study has employed basic statistical methods along with Logistic Regression Analysis. Factors affecting fresh fruit production have been determined through Binary Logistic Regression Analysis whereas factors affecting fresh fruit marketing have been identified by means of Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. As a result of this study, main problems about fruit production and marketing of the research area are farmers' education level, small and fragmented lands, lack of special supporting policy or mechanism, non-effective cooperatives, retailers, lower prices, difficulties in repayments and quality standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare, incurable, devastating, and mostly fatal congenital genetic disorder characterized by painful blistering of the skin and mucous membranes in response to minor trauma or pressure. JEB is classified roughly into 2 subtypes: JEB-Herlitz is caused by mutations on genes encoding laminin-332. The authors present a patient consulted with a suspicion of primary immunodeficiency due to skin sores that started at the age of 1 month and a history of 3 siblings who died with similar sores, who was diagnosed with JEB-Herlitz after detecting a homozygous LAMC2 gene mutation in WES analysis. Microscopic evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections showed vesicle formation with subepidermal separation, which is accompanied by striking neutrophil and eosinophil leukocyte infiltration both in the vesicle and papillary dermis (eosinophil-rich inflammatory infiltrate). Such a histopathological finding has been rarely reported in this condition., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought countries' health services into sharp focus. It was drawn to our group's attention that healthcare workers (HCWs) had a lower mortality rate against higher COVID-19 incidence compared to the general population in Turkey. Since risk of exposure to tuberculosis bacillus among healthcare workers are higher than the population, we aimed to investigate if there is a relationship between BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history with COVID-19 severity in infected HCWs. This study was conducted with 465 infected HCWs from thirty-three hospitals to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity (according to their hospitalization status and the presence of radiological pneumonia) and BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history. HCWs who required hospital admission had significantly higher rates of chronic diseases, radiological pneumonia, and longer working hours in the clinics. Higher rates of history of contact and care to tuberculosis patients, history of tuberculosis, and BCG vaccine were observed in hospitalized HCWs. HCWs who had radiological pneumonia had a significantly increased ratio of history of care to tuberculosis patients and a higher family history of tuberculosis. The findings from our study suggest that the lower mortality rate despite the more severe disease course seen in infected HCWs might be due to frequent exposure to tuberculosis bacillus and the mortality-reducing effects of the BCG vaccine.

Objective: This study investigated the consumption behaviours of healthcare professionals in relation to red meat and processed red meat products., Design: This study included a questionnaire conducted through face-to-face interviews with 149 health professionals. The purpose of the questionnaire was to determine the extent to which health professionals agreed with the WHO classification of red meat and processed red meat on their list of carcinogenic products., Setting: This research was carried out in İzmir, which is Turkey's third largest city. The survey was conducted in 2016 by holding face to face interviews with forty-three specialist doctors, sixteen doctors, twelve dentists, sixty-four nurses and fourteen pharmacists., Subjects: Nationally representative sample of healthcare professionals in Turkey., Results: People educated in healthcare are especially cautious about the consumption of processed red meat products. The results of the research revealed the importance of processing and cooking patterns in red meat consumption preferences., Conclusions: The consequences of the research, in terms of breaking down prejudices and overcoming the anxieties of those with health concerns who do not consume red meat, are important. In fact, the results show that healthcare professionals consume red meat, but they are more careful in their consumption of processed red meat products. This result is in line with the WHO report.

Ion sensor properties of the carboxamide and carbothioamide compounds carrying 4-quinolone group were investigated by means of emission spectrometry in methanol-water (1:1). The compounds were selectively complexed with Cu 2+ , Pd 2+ , and Fe 3+ among many metal ions. The complex stoichiometry and the stability constant were determined by fluorimetric measurements. The carboxamide compound having phenyl group (QPO) showed sensitivity for Fe 3+ ion with a linear range between 0.1 and 0.7 mg/L. The new method was applied in the determination of iron in the spiked tap water samples and the sandy-soil reference material. A modified standard addition method was used to remove the matrix effect. Limit of detection was 0.03 mg/L for the Fe 3+ determination method. The carboxamide compound with benzyl group (QBO) showed sensitivity for Cu 2+ ion with linear range 0-0.4 mg/L. There was no matrix effect for copper determination in the spiked tap water samples. The detection limit of the method for Cu 2+ ion was 0.05 mg/L. The quantification limits of the methods were low enough to determine iron and copper amount in drinking water samples according to EPA.

The synthesis of ethyl 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylates (4, 5) was performed via the reaction of corresponding anilines with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate under conventional and also microwave promoted conditions. The treatment of 4 and 5 afforded the corresponding hydrazides (6 and 7). These hydrazides were converted to the corresponding carbo(thio)amides (9a-f and 10a-e) which were then subjected to an intramolecular cyclisation leading to the formation of quinolone-triazole hybrids (11a-f and 12a-e). The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their biological activities such as antioxidant capacity (AC) and acetylcholinesterase Activity. Inhibition of cholinesterases is an effective method to curb Alzheimer's disease, a progressive and fatal neurological disorder. A series of some novel quinolonederivatives were designed, synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on AChE were evaluated. We obtained our compounds and determined their anticholinesterase activities according to the Ellman's method. 9b and 10c showed the best AChE inhibition with 0.48 ± 0.02 and 0.52 ± 0.07, respectively. Docking studies were performed for the most active compounds (9b, 10c) and interaction modes with enzyme active sites were determined. As a result of these studies, a strong interaction between these compounds and the active sites of AChE enzyme was revealed., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The synthesis and characterization of novel peripherally tetra [1,2,4]-triazole substituted metal-free phthalocyanine and its metal complexes (Zn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Fe(II)) and the investigation of electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of metal-free, Zn(II), Pb(II), Fe(II) phthalocyanines were performed for the first time in this study. Electrochemical characterizations of the complexes were performed with voltammetric and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. Voltammetric responses of the complexes supported the proposed structures, since complexes bearing redox inactive Pc ring metal centers just gave Pc based electron transfer reactions, while iron phthalocyanine went to metal based electron transfer reaction in addition to the Pc based ones. Electron withdrawing nature of [1,2,4]-triazole substituents shifted the redox processes toward the positive potentials. All complexes were electropolymerized during the oxidation reactions in dichloromethane (DCM) solvent. Types of the metal center of the complexes altered the electropolymerization reactions of the complexes. Spectra and colors of the electrogenerated redox species of the complexes were also determined with in situ spectroelectrochemical and in situ electrocolorimetric measurements., (Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

2-[6-(Morpholin-4-yl)pyridin-3-ylamino]acetohydrazide ( 4 ) was obtained starting from 6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-amine ( 2 ) via the formation of ester ( 3 ) and then converted to the corresponding Schiff bases ( 5, 6 ) with the reaction with aromatic aldehydes. The carbothioamide ( 9 ), obtained from the reaction of hydrazide with phenylisothiocyanate, was converted to the corresponding 1,2,4-triazole ( 11 ) and 1,3,4-thiadiazole ( 12 ) derivatives by the treatment with NaOH or H 2 SO 4 , respectively. The cyclocondenzation of 9 with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide or ethyl bromoacetate produced the corresponding 1,3-thiazole ( 10 ) or 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives ( 13 ), respectively. Antimicrobial and antiurease activities of newly synthesized compounds were investigated. Some of them were found to be active on M. smegmatis , and they displayed activity toward C. albicans and S. cerevisiae in high concentration. Compound 10 proved to be the most potent showing an enzyme inhibition activity with an IC 50  = 2.37 ± 0.19 μM.

Some novel 4,5-disubstituted-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (3, 6, 8, 9) derivatives and or 3-(4-methylphenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3]benzoxazole (5) were synthesized from the reaction of various ester ethoxycarbonylhydrazones (1a-e) with several primary amines. The synthesis of 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (13) was performed starting from 4-Amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (2) by four steps; then 13 was converted to the corresponding Schiff base (14) by using 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Finally, two Mannich base derivatives of 14 were obtained by using morpholine or methyl piperazine as amine component. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities and some of which were found to possess good or moderate activities against the test microorganisms.

Recent global developments concerning food quality and food safety have influenced and stimulated food legislation in Turkey in accordance with internal and international trade and agreements. In this study, the way in which the dairy industry conforms to this legislation was analyzed through a case study of Izmir province, which generally has all the structural characteristics of the dairy sector in Turkey. A survey in which dairy plant managers responded to a special questionnaire was used to collect data from 86 dairy plants chosen on the basis of proportional sampling. According to the results of this study, (i) there are many dairy processors in the region, (ii) most managers have a limited education concerning their positions, (iii) most firms handle small volumes of milk and have little control over the raw milk supply, (iv) resources are too limited in these firms, limiting their ability to adopt most regulations, and (v) few processors apply the regulatory practices imposed by governmental agencies. Thus, food legislation is not enough to ensure food safety in the dairy industry in Turkey. Technical and educational support should be given to farmers and the staff of dairy firms by the Ministry of Agriculture to form an appropriate food safety infrastructure in Turkey for the milk and processed dairy products industry.

A series of 3-alkyl-4-phenylethylidenamino- (8) and 3-alkyl-4-(3-phenylallylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (9) was synthesized from the reaction of the corresponding 3-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (1), with phenylacetaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde. 3-Alkyl-4-(2-phenylethylamino)- (10) and 3-alkyl-4-(3-phenylpropylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones (11) were obtained from the selective reduction of compounds (8) and (9) with NaBH(4). The in vitro antitumor activity of the novel compounds was screened and the highest inhibition of tree tumor cell lines was observed for the compounds containing phenylethylenamino and phenylethylamino groups at position 4 of 1,2,4-triazol ring.