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125 results on '"Demeter, L."'

1. Carbon carrying capacity in primary forests shows potential for mitigation achieving the European Green Deal 2030 target

Author

Keith, H., Kun, Z., Hugh, S., Svoboda, M., Mikoláš, M., Adam, D., Bernatski, D., Blujdea, V., Bohn, Friedrich, Camarero, J.J., Demeter, L., Di Filippo, A., Dutcă, I., Garbarino, M., Horváth, F., Ivkovich, V., Jansons, Ā., Ķēņina, L., Kral, K., Martin-Benito, D., Molina-Valero, J.A., Motta, R., Nagel, T.A., Panayotov, M., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Piovesan, G., Roibu, C.-C., Šamonil, P., Vostarek, O., Yermokhin, M., Zlatanov, T., Mackey, B., Keith, H., Kun, Z., Hugh, S., Svoboda, M., Mikoláš, M., Adam, D., Bernatski, D., Blujdea, V., Bohn, Friedrich, Camarero, J.J., Demeter, L., Di Filippo, A., Dutcă, I., Garbarino, M., Horváth, F., Ivkovich, V., Jansons, Ā., Ķēņina, L., Kral, K., Martin-Benito, D., Molina-Valero, J.A., Motta, R., Nagel, T.A., Panayotov, M., Pérez-Cruzado, C., Piovesan, G., Roibu, C.-C., Šamonil, P., Vostarek, O., Yermokhin, M., Zlatanov, T., and Mackey, B.

Abstract

Carbon accounting in the land sector requires a reference level from which to calculate past losses of carbon and potential for gains using a stock-based target. Carbon carrying capacity represented by the carbon stock in primary forests is an ecologically-based reference level that allows estimation of the mitigation potential derived from protecting and restoring forests to increase their carbon stocks. Here we measured and collated tree inventory data at primary forest sites including from research studies, literature and forest inventories (7982 sites, 288,262 trees, 27 countries) across boreal, temperate, and subtropical Global Ecological Zones within Europe. We calculated total biomass carbon stock per hectare (above- and below-ground, dead biomass) and found it was 1.6 times larger on average than modelled global maps for primary forests and 2.3 times for all forests. Large trees (diameter greater than 60 cm) accounted for 50% of biomass and are important carbon reservoirs. Carbon stock foregone by harvesting of 12–52% demonstrated the mitigation potential. Estimated carbon gain by protecting, restoring and ongoing growth of existing forests equated to 309 megatons carbon dioxide equivalents per year, additional to, and higher than, the current forest sink, and comparable to the Green Deal 2030 target for carbon dioxide removals.

Published
2024

6. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, I., Pielech, R., Dembicz, I., Gillet, F., Kozub, Ł., Marcenò, C., Reitalu, T., Van Meerbeek, K., Guarino, R., Chytrý, M., Pakeman, R.J., Preislerová, Z., Axmanová, I., Burrascano, S., Bartha, S., Boch, S., Bruun, H.H., Conradi, T., De Frenne, P., Essl, F., Filibeck, G., Hájek, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kuzemko, A., Molnár, Z., Pärtel, M., Pätsch, R., Prentice, H.C., Roleček, J., Sutcliffe, L.M.E., Terzi, M., Winkler, M., Wu, J., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Afif, E., Akasaka, M., Alatalo, J.M., Aleffi, M., Aleksanyan, A., Ali, A., Apostolova, I., Ashouri, P., Bátori, Z., Baumann, E., Becker, T., Belonovskaya, E., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berastegi, A., Bergamini, A., Bhatta, K.P., Bonini, I., Büchler, M.-O., Budzhak, V., Bueno, Á., Buldrini, F., Campos, J.A., Cancellieri, L., Carboni, M., Ceulemans, T., Chiarucci, A., Chocarro, C., Conti, L., Csergő, A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Czarniecka-Wiera, M., Czarnocka-Cieciura, M., Czortek, P., Danihelka, J., de Bello, F., Deák, B., Demeter, L., Deng, L., Diekmann, M., Dolezal, J., Dolnik, C., Dřevojan, P., Dupré, C., Ecker, K., Ejtehadi, H., Erschbamer, B., Etayo, J., Etzold, J., Farkas, T., Farzam, M., Fayvush, G., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Finckh, M., Fjellstad, W., Fotiadis, G., García-Magro, D., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R.G., Germany, M., Ghafari, S., Giusso del Galdo, G.P., Grytnes, J.-A., Güler, B., Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Helm, A., Herrera, M., Hüllbusch, E.M., Ingerpuu, N., Jägerbrand, A.K., Jandt, U., Janišová, M., Jeanneret, P., Jeltsch, F., Jensen, K., Jentsch, A., Kącki, Z., Kakinuma, K., Kapfer, J., Kargar, M., Kelemen, A., Kiehl, K., Kirschner, P., Koyama, A., Langer, N., Lazzaro, L., Lepš, J., Li, C.-F., Li, F.Y., Liendo, D., Lindborg, R., Löbel, S., Lomba, A., Lososová, Z., Lustyk, P., Luzuriaga, A.L., Ma, W., Maccherini, S., Magnes, M., Malicki, M., Manthey, M., Mardari, C., May, F., Mayrhofer, H., Meier, E.S., Memariani, F., Merunková, K., Michelsen, O., Molero Mesa, J., Moradi, H., Moysiyenko, I., Mugnai, M., Naqinezhad, A., Natcheva, R., Ninot, J.M., Nobis, M., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onipchenko, V., Palpurina, S., Pauli, H., Pedashenko, H., Pedersen, C., Peet, R.K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, J., Pipenbaher, N., Pirini, C., Pladevall-Izard, E., Plesková, Z., Potenza, G., Rahmanian, S., Rodríguez-Rojo, M.P., Ronkin, V., Rosati, L., Ruprecht, E., Rusina, S., Sabovljević, M., Sanaei, A., Sánchez, A.M., Santi, F., Savchenko, G., Sebastià, M.T., Shyriaieva, D., Silva, V., Škornik, S., Šmerdová, E., Sonkoly, J., Sperandii, M.G., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Stevens, C., Stifter, S., Suchrow, S., Swacha, G., Świerszcz, S., Talebi, A., Teleki, B., Tichý, L., Tölgyesi, C., Torca, M., Török, P., Tsarevskaya, N., Tsiripidis, I., Turisová, I., Ushimaru, A., Valkó, O., Van Mechelen, C., Vanneste, T., Vasheniak, I., Vassilev, K., Viciani, D., Villar, L., Virtanen, R., Vitasović-Kosić, I., Vojtkó, A., Vynokurov, D., Waldén, E., Wang, Y., Weiser, F., Wen, L., Wesche, K., White, H., Widmer, S., Wolfrum, S., Wróbel, A., Yuan, Z., Zelený, D., Zhao, L., Dengler, J., Biurrun, I., Pielech, R., Dembicz, I., Gillet, F., Kozub, Ł., Marcenò, C., Reitalu, T., Van Meerbeek, K., Guarino, R., Chytrý, M., Pakeman, R.J., Preislerová, Z., Axmanová, I., Burrascano, S., Bartha, S., Boch, S., Bruun, H.H., Conradi, T., De Frenne, P., Essl, F., Filibeck, G., Hájek, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Kuzemko, A., Molnár, Z., Pärtel, M., Pätsch, R., Prentice, H.C., Roleček, J., Sutcliffe, L.M.E., Terzi, M., Winkler, M., Wu, J., Aćić, S., Acosta, A.T.R., Afif, E., Akasaka, M., Alatalo, J.M., Aleffi, M., Aleksanyan, A., Ali, A., Apostolova, I., Ashouri, P., Bátori, Z., Baumann, E., Becker, T., Belonovskaya, E., Benito Alonso, J.L., Berastegi, A., Bergamini, A., Bhatta, K.P., Bonini, I., Büchler, M.-O., Budzhak, V., Bueno, Á., Buldrini, F., Campos, J.A., Cancellieri, L., Carboni, M., Ceulemans, T., Chiarucci, A., Chocarro, C., Conti, L., Csergő, A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka, B., Czarniecka-Wiera, M., Czarnocka-Cieciura, M., Czortek, P., Danihelka, J., de Bello, F., Deák, B., Demeter, L., Deng, L., Diekmann, M., Dolezal, J., Dolnik, C., Dřevojan, P., Dupré, C., Ecker, K., Ejtehadi, H., Erschbamer, B., Etayo, J., Etzold, J., Farkas, T., Farzam, M., Fayvush, G., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Finckh, M., Fjellstad, W., Fotiadis, G., García-Magro, D., García-Mijangos, I., Gavilán, R.G., Germany, M., Ghafari, S., Giusso del Galdo, G.P., Grytnes, J.-A., Güler, B., Gutiérrez-Girón, A., Helm, A., Herrera, M., Hüllbusch, E.M., Ingerpuu, N., Jägerbrand, A.K., Jandt, U., Janišová, M., Jeanneret, P., Jeltsch, F., Jensen, K., Jentsch, A., Kącki, Z., Kakinuma, K., Kapfer, J., Kargar, M., Kelemen, A., Kiehl, K., Kirschner, P., Koyama, A., Langer, N., Lazzaro, L., Lepš, J., Li, C.-F., Li, F.Y., Liendo, D., Lindborg, R., Löbel, S., Lomba, A., Lososová, Z., Lustyk, P., Luzuriaga, A.L., Ma, W., Maccherini, S., Magnes, M., Malicki, M., Manthey, M., Mardari, C., May, F., Mayrhofer, H., Meier, E.S., Memariani, F., Merunková, K., Michelsen, O., Molero Mesa, J., Moradi, H., Moysiyenko, I., Mugnai, M., Naqinezhad, A., Natcheva, R., Ninot, J.M., Nobis, M., Noroozi, J., Nowak, A., Onipchenko, V., Palpurina, S., Pauli, H., Pedashenko, H., Pedersen, C., Peet, R.K., Pérez-Haase, A., Peters, J., Pipenbaher, N., Pirini, C., Pladevall-Izard, E., Plesková, Z., Potenza, G., Rahmanian, S., Rodríguez-Rojo, M.P., Ronkin, V., Rosati, L., Ruprecht, E., Rusina, S., Sabovljević, M., Sanaei, A., Sánchez, A.M., Santi, F., Savchenko, G., Sebastià, M.T., Shyriaieva, D., Silva, V., Škornik, S., Šmerdová, E., Sonkoly, J., Sperandii, M.G., Staniaszek-Kik, M., Stevens, C., Stifter, S., Suchrow, S., Swacha, G., Świerszcz, S., Talebi, A., Teleki, B., Tichý, L., Tölgyesi, C., Torca, M., Török, P., Tsarevskaya, N., Tsiripidis, I., Turisová, I., Ushimaru, A., Valkó, O., Van Mechelen, C., Vanneste, T., Vasheniak, I., Vassilev, K., Viciani, D., Villar, L., Virtanen, R., Vitasović-Kosić, I., Vojtkó, A., Vynokurov, D., Waldén, E., Wang, Y., Weiser, F., Wen, L., Wesche, K., White, H., Widmer, S., Wolfrum, S., Wróbel, A., Yuan, Z., Zelený, D., Zhao, L., and Dengler, J.

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

7. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Pielech, R. (Remigiusz), Dembicz, I. (Iwona), Gillet, F. (Francois), Kozub, L. (Lukasz), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Reitalu, T. (Triin), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Guarino, R. (Riccardo), Chytry, M. (Milan), Pakeman, R. J. (Robin J.), Preislerova, Z. (Zdenka), Axmanova, I. (Irena), Burrascano, S. (Sabina), Bartha, S. (Sandor), Boch, S. (Steffen), Bruun, H. H. (Hans Henrik), Conradi, T. (Timo), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Essl, F. (Franz), Filibeck, G. (Goffredo), Hajek, M. (Michal), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Molnar, Z. (Zsolt), Partel, M. (Meelis), Patsch, R. (Ricarda), Prentice, H. C. (Honor C.), Rolecek, J. (Jan), Sutcliffe, L. M. (Laura M. E.), Terzi, M. (Massimo), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wu, J. (Jianshuang), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Afif, E. (Elias), Akasaka, M. (Munemitsu), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Aleffi, M. (Michele), Aleksanyan, A. (Alla), Ali, A. (Arshad), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Ashouri, P. (Parvaneh), Batori, Z. (Zoltan), Baumann, E. (Esther), Becker, T. (Thomas), Belonovskaya, E. (Elena), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berastegi, A. (Asun), Bergamini, A. (Ariel), Bhatta, K. P. (Kuber Prasad), Bonini, I. (Ilaria), Buchler, M.-O. (Marc-Olivier), Budzhak, V. (Vasyl), Bueno, A. (Alvaro), Buldrini, F. (Fabrizio), Campos, J. A. (Juan Antonio), Cancellieri, L. (Laura), Carboni, M. (Marta), Ceulemans, T. (Tobias), Chiarucci, A. (Alessandro), Chocarro, C. (Cristina), Conti, L. (Luisa), Csergo, A. M. (Anna Maria), Cykowska-Marzencka, B. (Beata), Czarniecka-Wiera, M. (Marta), Czarnocka-Cieciura, M. (Marta), Czortek, P. (Patryk), Danihelka, J. (Jiri), Bello, F. (Francesco), Deak, B. (Balazs), Demeter, L. (Laszlo), Deng, L. (Lei), Diekmann, M. (Martin), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dolnik, C. (Christian), Drevojan, P. (Pavel), Dupre, C. (Cecilia), Ecker, K. (Klaus), Ejtehadi, H. (Hamid), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Etayo, J. (Javier), Etzold, J. (Jonathan), Farkas, T. (Tunde), Farzam, M. (Mohammad), Fayvush, G. (George), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (Maria Rosa), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Fjellstad, W. (Wendy), Fotiadis, G. (Georgios), Garcia-Magro, D. (Daniel), Garcia-Mijangos, I. (Itziar), Gavilan, R. G. (Rosario G.), Germany, M. (Markus), Ghafari, S. (Sahar), del Galdo, G. P. (Gian Pietro Giusso), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guler, B. (Behlul), Gutierrez-Giron, A. (Alba), Helm, A. (Aveliina), Herrera, M. (Mercedes), Hullbusch, E. M. (Elisabeth M.), Ingerpuu, N. (Nele), Jaegerbrand, A. K. (Annika K.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Janisova, M. (Monika), Jeanneret, P. (Philippe), Jeltsch, F. (Florian), Jensen, K. (Kai), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kakinuma, K. (Kaoru), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Kargar, M. (Mansoureh), Kelemen, A. (Andras), Kiehl, K. (Kathrin), Kirschner, P. (Philipp), Koyama, A. (Asuka), Langer, N. (Nancy), Lazzaro, L. (Lorenzo), Leps, J. (Jan), Li, C.-F. (Ching-Feng), Li, F. Y. (Frank Yonghong), Liendo, D. (Diego), Lindborg, R. (Regina), Loebel, S. (Swantje), Lomba, A. (Angela), Lososova, Z. (Zdenka), Lustyk, P. (Pavel), Luzuriaga, A. L. (Arantzazu L.), Ma, W. (Wenhong), Maccherini, S. (Simona), Magnes, M. (Martin), Malicki, M. (Marek), Manthey, M. (Michael), Mardari, C. (Constantin), May, F. (Felix), Mayrhofer, H. (Helmut), Meier, E. S. (Eliane Seraina), Memariani, F. (Farshid), Merunkova, K. (Kristina), Michelsen, O. (Ottar), Molero Mesa, J. (Joaquin), Moradi, H. (Halime), Moysiyenko, I. (Ivan), Mugnai, M. (Michele), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Natcheva, R. (Rayna), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Nobis, M. (Marcin), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onipchenko, V. (Vladimir), Palpurina, S. (Salza), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pedashenko, H. (Hristo), Pedersen, C. (Christian), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peters, J. (Jan), Pipenbaher, N. (Natasa), Pirini, C. (Chrisoula), Pladevall-Izard, E. (Eulalia), Pleskova, Z. (Zuzana), Potenza, G. (Giovanna), Rahmanian, S. (Soroor), Rodriguez-Rojo, M. P. (Maria Pilar), Ronkin, V. (Vladimir), Rosati, L. (Leonardo), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Sabovljevic, M. (Marko), Sanaei, A. (Anvar), Sanchez, A. M. (Ana M.), Santi, F. (Francesco), Savchenko, G. (Galina), Teresa Sebastia, M. (Maria), Shyriaieva, D. (Dariia), Silva, V. (Vasco), Skornik, S. (Sonja), Smerdova, E. (Eva), Sonkoly, J. (Judit), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Staniaszek-Kik, M. (Monika), Stevens, C. (Carly), Stifter, S. (Simon), Suchrow, S. (Sigrid), Swacha, G. (Grzegorz), Swierszcz, S. (Sebastian), Talebi, A. (Amir), Teleki, B. (Balazs), Tichy, L. (Lubomir), Tolgyesi, C. (Csaba), Torca, M. (Marta), Torok, P. (Peter), Tsarevskaya, N. (Nadezda), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Turisova, I. (Ingrid), Ushimaru, A. (Atushi), Valko, O. (Orsolya), Van Mechelen, C. (Carmen), Vanneste, T. (Thomas), Vasheniak, I. (Iuliia), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Viciani, D. (Daniele), Villar, L. (Luis), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Vitasovic-Kosic, I. (Ivana), Vojtko, A. (Andras), Vynokurov, D. (Denys), Walden, E. (Emelie), Wang, Y. (Yun), Weiser, F. (Frank), Wen, L. (Lu), Wesche, K. (Karsten), White, H. (Hannah), Widmer, S. (Stefan), Wolfrum, S. (Sebastian), Wrobel, A. (Anna), Yuan, Z. (Zuoqiang), Zeleny, D. (David), Zhao, L. (Liqing), Dengler, J. (Jurgen), Biurrun, I. (Idoia), Pielech, R. (Remigiusz), Dembicz, I. (Iwona), Gillet, F. (Francois), Kozub, L. (Lukasz), Marceno, C. (Corrado), Reitalu, T. (Triin), Van Meerbeek, K. (Koenraad), Guarino, R. (Riccardo), Chytry, M. (Milan), Pakeman, R. J. (Robin J.), Preislerova, Z. (Zdenka), Axmanova, I. (Irena), Burrascano, S. (Sabina), Bartha, S. (Sandor), Boch, S. (Steffen), Bruun, H. H. (Hans Henrik), Conradi, T. (Timo), De Frenne, P. (Pieter), Essl, F. (Franz), Filibeck, G. (Goffredo), Hajek, M. (Michal), Jimenez-Alfaro, B. (Borja), Kuzemko, A. (Anna), Molnar, Z. (Zsolt), Partel, M. (Meelis), Patsch, R. (Ricarda), Prentice, H. C. (Honor C.), Rolecek, J. (Jan), Sutcliffe, L. M. (Laura M. E.), Terzi, M. (Massimo), Winkler, M. (Manuela), Wu, J. (Jianshuang), Acic, S. (Svetlana), Acosta, A. T. (Alicia T. R.), Afif, E. (Elias), Akasaka, M. (Munemitsu), Alatalo, J. M. (Juha M.), Aleffi, M. (Michele), Aleksanyan, A. (Alla), Ali, A. (Arshad), Apostolova, I. (Iva), Ashouri, P. (Parvaneh), Batori, Z. (Zoltan), Baumann, E. (Esther), Becker, T. (Thomas), Belonovskaya, E. (Elena), Benito Alonso, J. L. (Jose Luis), Berastegi, A. (Asun), Bergamini, A. (Ariel), Bhatta, K. P. (Kuber Prasad), Bonini, I. (Ilaria), Buchler, M.-O. (Marc-Olivier), Budzhak, V. (Vasyl), Bueno, A. (Alvaro), Buldrini, F. (Fabrizio), Campos, J. A. (Juan Antonio), Cancellieri, L. (Laura), Carboni, M. (Marta), Ceulemans, T. (Tobias), Chiarucci, A. (Alessandro), Chocarro, C. (Cristina), Conti, L. (Luisa), Csergo, A. M. (Anna Maria), Cykowska-Marzencka, B. (Beata), Czarniecka-Wiera, M. (Marta), Czarnocka-Cieciura, M. (Marta), Czortek, P. (Patryk), Danihelka, J. (Jiri), Bello, F. (Francesco), Deak, B. (Balazs), Demeter, L. (Laszlo), Deng, L. (Lei), Diekmann, M. (Martin), Dolezal, J. (Jiri), Dolnik, C. (Christian), Drevojan, P. (Pavel), Dupre, C. (Cecilia), Ecker, K. (Klaus), Ejtehadi, H. (Hamid), Erschbamer, B. (Brigitta), Etayo, J. (Javier), Etzold, J. (Jonathan), Farkas, T. (Tunde), Farzam, M. (Mohammad), Fayvush, G. (George), Fernandez Calzado, M. R. (Maria Rosa), Finckh, M. (Manfred), Fjellstad, W. (Wendy), Fotiadis, G. (Georgios), Garcia-Magro, D. (Daniel), Garcia-Mijangos, I. (Itziar), Gavilan, R. G. (Rosario G.), Germany, M. (Markus), Ghafari, S. (Sahar), del Galdo, G. P. (Gian Pietro Giusso), Grytnes, J.-A. (John-Arvid), Guler, B. (Behlul), Gutierrez-Giron, A. (Alba), Helm, A. (Aveliina), Herrera, M. (Mercedes), Hullbusch, E. M. (Elisabeth M.), Ingerpuu, N. (Nele), Jaegerbrand, A. K. (Annika K.), Jandt, U. (Ute), Janisova, M. (Monika), Jeanneret, P. (Philippe), Jeltsch, F. (Florian), Jensen, K. (Kai), Jentsch, A. (Anke), Kacki, Z. (Zygmunt), Kakinuma, K. (Kaoru), Kapfer, J. (Jutta), Kargar, M. (Mansoureh), Kelemen, A. (Andras), Kiehl, K. (Kathrin), Kirschner, P. (Philipp), Koyama, A. (Asuka), Langer, N. (Nancy), Lazzaro, L. (Lorenzo), Leps, J. (Jan), Li, C.-F. (Ching-Feng), Li, F. Y. (Frank Yonghong), Liendo, D. (Diego), Lindborg, R. (Regina), Loebel, S. (Swantje), Lomba, A. (Angela), Lososova, Z. (Zdenka), Lustyk, P. (Pavel), Luzuriaga, A. L. (Arantzazu L.), Ma, W. (Wenhong), Maccherini, S. (Simona), Magnes, M. (Martin), Malicki, M. (Marek), Manthey, M. (Michael), Mardari, C. (Constantin), May, F. (Felix), Mayrhofer, H. (Helmut), Meier, E. S. (Eliane Seraina), Memariani, F. (Farshid), Merunkova, K. (Kristina), Michelsen, O. (Ottar), Molero Mesa, J. (Joaquin), Moradi, H. (Halime), Moysiyenko, I. (Ivan), Mugnai, M. (Michele), Naqinezhad, A. (Alireza), Natcheva, R. (Rayna), Ninot, J. M. (Josep M.), Nobis, M. (Marcin), Noroozi, J. (Jalil), Nowak, A. (Arkadiusz), Onipchenko, V. (Vladimir), Palpurina, S. (Salza), Pauli, H. (Harald), Pedashenko, H. (Hristo), Pedersen, C. (Christian), Peet, R. K. (Robert K.), Perez-Haase, A. (Aaron), Peters, J. (Jan), Pipenbaher, N. (Natasa), Pirini, C. (Chrisoula), Pladevall-Izard, E. (Eulalia), Pleskova, Z. (Zuzana), Potenza, G. (Giovanna), Rahmanian, S. (Soroor), Rodriguez-Rojo, M. P. (Maria Pilar), Ronkin, V. (Vladimir), Rosati, L. (Leonardo), Ruprecht, E. (Eszter), Rusina, S. (Solvita), Sabovljevic, M. (Marko), Sanaei, A. (Anvar), Sanchez, A. M. (Ana M.), Santi, F. (Francesco), Savchenko, G. (Galina), Teresa Sebastia, M. (Maria), Shyriaieva, D. (Dariia), Silva, V. (Vasco), Skornik, S. (Sonja), Smerdova, E. (Eva), Sonkoly, J. (Judit), Sperandii, M. G. (Marta Gaia), Staniaszek-Kik, M. (Monika), Stevens, C. (Carly), Stifter, S. (Simon), Suchrow, S. (Sigrid), Swacha, G. (Grzegorz), Swierszcz, S. (Sebastian), Talebi, A. (Amir), Teleki, B. (Balazs), Tichy, L. (Lubomir), Tolgyesi, C. (Csaba), Torca, M. (Marta), Torok, P. (Peter), Tsarevskaya, N. (Nadezda), Tsiripidis, I. (Ioannis), Turisova, I. (Ingrid), Ushimaru, A. (Atushi), Valko, O. (Orsolya), Van Mechelen, C. (Carmen), Vanneste, T. (Thomas), Vasheniak, I. (Iuliia), Vassilev, K. (Kiril), Viciani, D. (Daniele), Villar, L. (Luis), Virtanen, R. (Risto), Vitasovic-Kosic, I. (Ivana), Vojtko, A. (Andras), Vynokurov, D. (Denys), Walden, E. (Emelie), Wang, Y. (Yun), Weiser, F. (Frank), Wen, L. (Lu), Wesche, K. (Karsten), White, H. (Hannah), Widmer, S. (Stefan), Wolfrum, S. (Sebastian), Wrobel, A. (Anna), Yuan, Z. (Zuoqiang), Zeleny, D. (David), Zhao, L. (Liqing), and Dengler, J. (Jurgen)

Abstract

Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m² and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

9. The reflex switch: A new vacuum opening switch for use with magnetic energy storge.

Author

Creedon, J. M., Demeter, L. J., Ecker, B., Eichenberger, C., Glidden, S., Helava, H., and Proulx, G. A.

Subjects
*VACUUM, *CHEMICAL elements, *LIQUID dielectrics, *MAGNETIC energy storage
Abstract

Describes a type of high-power, high-voltage vacuum opening switch. Use of a Marx generator and pulse-forming elements in a liquid dielectric to generate high-voltage pulses; Problem with magnetic energy storage systems; Voltage-current characteristics of a reflex switch.

Published
1985
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10. Detection of Replication-Competent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) in Cultures from Patients with Levels of HIV-1 RNA in Plasma Suppressed to Less Than 500 or 50 Copies Per Milliliter

Author

Demeter, L. M., Squires, K. M., Fiscus, S., Erice, A., Fischl, M. A., Bremer, J., Coombs, R. W., Jackson, J. B., Hammer, S. M., Bosch, R. J., Johnson, V. A., Hughes, M. D., and Spector, S. A.

Subjects
virus diseases
Abstract

We determined the frequency with which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures convert from positive to negative in subjects enrolled in a substudy of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 320, which compared the efficacy of treatment with a combination of indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine (indinavir arm) to that of a combination of zidovudine and lamivudine (dual-nucleoside arm). All subjects included for study had positive baseline HIV cultures. Cultures were performed in real time with 107 fresh patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using the ACTG consensus method. We found lower rates of positive HIV cultures in the indinavir treatment arm than in the dual-nucleoside treatment arm (64 versus 96% at week 24, P < 0.001). Within the indinavir arm of the study, we found that positive cultures were less likely to occur in samples with a plasma HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level of P < 0.001). In addition, HIV cultures from samples with HIV-1 RNA levels of ≥500 copies/ml turned positive 8.5 days earlier, on average, than those from samples with levels of P < 0.001). However, 38% of samples with plasma RNA levels of

Published
2002
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11. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase connection domain mutations: dynamics of emergence and implications for success of combination antiretroviral therapy

Author

von Wyl, V, Ehteshami, M, Demeter, L M, Bürgisser, P, Nijhuis, M, Symons, J, Yerly, S, Böni, J, Klimkait, T, Schuurman, R, Ledergerber, B, Götte, M, Günthard, H F, von Wyl, V, Ehteshami, M, Demeter, L M, Bürgisser, P, Nijhuis, M, Symons, J, Yerly, S, Böni, J, Klimkait, T, Schuurman, R, Ledergerber, B, Götte, M, and Günthard, H F

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Factors promoting the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) connection domain mutations and their effect on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are still largely undetermined. We investigated this matter by analyzing genotypic resistance tests covering 400 amino acid positions in the RT of HIV-1 subtype B viruses and corresponding treatment histories and laboratory measurements. METHODS: The emergence of connection domain mutations was studied in 334 patients receiving monotherapy or dual therapy with thymidine analogues at the time of the genotypic resistance test. Response to subsequent combination ART (cART) was analyzed using Cox regression for 291 patients receiving unboosted protease inhibitors. Response was defined by ever reaching an HIV RNA level <50 copies/mL during the first cART. RESULTS: The connection domain mutations N348I, R356K, R358K, A360V, and A371V were more frequently observed in ART-exposed than ART-naive patients, of which only N348I and A360V were nonpolymorphic (with a prevalence of <1.5% in untreated patients). N348I correlated with M184V and predominantly occurred in patients receiving lamivudine and zidovudine concomitantly. A360V was not associated with specific drug combinations and was found to emerge later than M184V or thymidine analogue mutations. Nonpolymorphic connection domain mutations were rarely detected in the absence of established drug resistance mutations in ART-exposed individuals (prevalence, <1%). None of the 5 connection domain mutations associated with treatment showed a statistically significant effect on response to cART. CONCLUSIONS: Despite their frequent emergence, connection domain mutations did not show large detrimental effects on response to cART. Currently, routine implementation of connection domain sequencing seems unnecessary for developed health care settings.

Published
2010

12. Epidemiological and biological evidence for a compensatory effect of connection domain mutation N348I on M184V in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Author

von Wyl, V, Ehteshami, M, Symons, J, Bürgisser, P, Nijhuis, M, Demeter, L M, Yerly, S, Böni, J, Klimkait, T, Schuurman, R, Ledergerber, B, Götte, M, Günthard, H F, von Wyl, V, Ehteshami, M, Symons, J, Bürgisser, P, Nijhuis, M, Demeter, L M, Yerly, S, Böni, J, Klimkait, T, Schuurman, R, Ledergerber, B, Götte, M, and Günthard, H F

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The connection domain mutation N348I confers resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and is associated with the lamivudine (3TC) mutation M184V. We explored the biochemical and virological influence of N348I in the context of M184V. METHODS: Genotypic resistance data for patients receiving monotherapy or dual therapy with AZT, lamivudine (3TC), or AZT/3TC were analyzed. Rates of N348I emergence were compared between treatment groups. Mutant reverse transcriptases (RTs) containing M184V and/or N348I were generated to study enzymatic and virological properties. RESULTS: We included 50 AZT-treated, 11 3TC-treated, and 10 AZT/3TC-treated patients. N348I was observed in 3 (6%), 0, and 4 (40%) of these patients, respectively. The rate of N348I emergence was increased by 5-fold in the AZT/3TC group (11.7 instances [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.2-30.1 instances] per 100 person-years of receipt of AZT), compared with the rate noted for the AZT group (2.3 instances [95% CI, 0.4-6.8 instances] per 100 person-years of receipt of AZT; P = .04). Biochemical data show that N348I can partially compensate for the diminution in processive DNA synthesis and the reduction in AZT excision associated with M184V. Furthermore, virological analyses demonstrate that N348I confers low-level resistance to AZT and partly restores the reduced RT activity of the M184V variant. CONCLUSION: In vivo selection of N348I is driven by AZT and is further facilitated when 3TC is coadministered. Compensatory interactions between N348I and M184V help to explain these findings.

Published
2010

13. The effect of fish and aquatic habitat complexity on amphibians

Author

Hartel, T., Nemes, S., Cogălniceanu, D., Öllerer, K., Schweiger, Oliver, Moga, C.I., Demeter, L., Hartel, T., Nemes, S., Cogălniceanu, D., Öllerer, K., Schweiger, Oliver, Moga, C.I., and Demeter, L.

Abstract

Fish introductions are considered one of the most widespread anthropogenic threats to aquatic ecosystems. Their negative impact on native amphibian communities has received increasing attention in recent years. We investigated the relationship between the introduced fish, emergent vegetation cover and native amphibians in man-made ponds generated by regulation and dam building along the Târnava Mare Valley (Romania) during the last 40 years. We inventoried amphibians and fish inhabiting 85 permanent ponds and estimated habitat complexity focusing on emergent vegetation cover. Four amphibian species were found to be negatively associated with the presence of predatory fish. Species richness of ponds without fish and ponds without predatory fish did not differ significantly, whereas ponds containing only predatory fish had significantly lower amphibian richness. A significant positive relationship was found between the emergent vegetation cover and pond occupancy of six amphibian species and amphibian species richness. As a management recommendation, we suggest the restriction of fish introductions to non predatory fish and the maintenance of high emergent vegetation cover in the ponds.

Published
2007

14. The influence of habitat characteristics on amphibian species richness in two river basins of Romania

Author

Hartel, T., Demeter, L., Cogălniceanu, D., Tulbure, M., Hartel, T., Demeter, L., Cogălniceanu, D., and Tulbure, M.

Abstract

We present the distribution and aquatic habitat use of amphibian communities in two river basins of Transylvania (Romania) on a medium spatial scale: the middle section of Târnava Mare Valley and the Upper section of the Olt Valley. We used between 13 and 15 variables to characterize the breeding ponds and their surrounding terrestrial areas. A total number of 14 amphibian species and a species complex were identified in the two areas. In Târnava, the average species richness is larger in permanent ponds than in temporary ones. No significant differences were found between the species richness in permanent and temporary ponds in Ciuc. In permanent ponds of both areas the presence of high traffic roads in the vicinity (i.e. within an 800 m radius) explained more of the variation in species richness than the other habitat factors, whereas the presence of dirt roads accounted for the highest variation in species richness in temporary ponds.

Published
2006

23. Prognostic Value of Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-l) RNA Levels in Patients with Advanced HIV-l Disease and with Little or No Prior Zidovudine Therapy

Author

Welles, S. L., primary, Jackson, J. B., additional, Yen-Lieberman, B., additional, Demeter, L., additional, Japour, A. J., additional, Smeaton, L. M., additional, Johnson, V. A., additional, Kuritzkes, D. R., additional, D'Aquila, R. T., additional, Reichelderfer, P. A., additional, Richman, D. D., additional, Reichman, R., additional, Fischl, M., additional, Dolin, R., additional, Coombs, R. W., additional, Kahn, J. O., additional, McLaren, C., additional, Todd, J., additional, Kwok, S., additional, and Crumpacker, C. S., additional

Published
1996
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26. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Systemically Administered Interferon- , - , or - in Combination with Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Condyloma Acuminatum

Author

Bonnez, W., primary, Oakes, D., additional, Bailey-Farchione, A., additional, Choi, A., additional, Hallahan, D., additional, Pappas, P., additional, Holloway, M., additional, Corey, L., additional, Barnum, G., additional, Dunne, A., additional, Stoler, M. H., additional, Demeter, L. M., additional, and Reichman, R. C., additional

Published
1995
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28. Pulse power research on EAGLE.

Author

Frazier, G. B., Ashby, S. Ro, Barrett, D. M., Di Capua, M. S., Demeter, L. J., Huff, R., Osias, D. E., Ryan, R., Spence, P., Strachan, D. F., and Sullivan, T. S.

Abstract

EAGLE is an experimental pulse generator designed and built at Physics International Company (PI) for research in high-power switching, pulse compression, power flow, magnetic insulation, and dielectric breakdown. EAGLE is a wedge-shaped 1/20th "slice" (module) of ROULETTE, Pi's conceptual design for a 40 to 50 TW, disk-shaped, modular accelerator designed to drive imploded plasma or particle beam loads- EAGLE's nominal design goals were a 100 ns, 2 TW, 2 MV, 1 MA pulse into a resistive load, or a 150 to 200 ns pulse at lower power. EAGLE has a 0.9 MJ Marx generator and four water-dielectric triplate transmission lines with adjustable impedances. The first line is a gas-switched transfer capacitor. Next are two water-switched pulsed compression stages and an output line converging to either a resistive load or a racetrack-shaped water-vacuum interface. We discuss the ROULETTE conceptual design, describe EAGLE, outline planned research on EAGLE, and summarize some of the program's technology developments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1981

30. Treatment of Condyloma Acuminatum with Three Different Interferon- Preparations Administered Parenterally: A Double-Blind, PlaceboControlled Trial

Author

Reichman, R. C., primary, Oakes, D., additional, Bonnez, W., additional, Brown, D., additional, Mattison, H. R., additional, Bailey-Farchione, A., additional, Stoler, M. H., additional, Demeter, L. M., additional, Tyring, S. K., additional, Miller, L., additional, Whitley, R., additional, Carveth, H., additional, Weidner, M., additional, Krueger, G., additional, and Choi, A., additional

Published
1990
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31. Predictors of virologic and clinical outcomes in HIV-1-infected patients receiving concurrent treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 320.

Author

Demeter, Lisa M., Hughes, Michael D., Coombs, Robert W., Jackson, J. Brooks, Grimes, Janet M., Bosch, Ronald J., Fiscus, Susan A., Spector, Stephen A., Squires, Kathleen E., Fischl, Margaret A., Hammer, Scott M., Demeter, L M, Hughes, M D, Coombs, R W, Jackson, J B, Grimes, J M, Bosch, R J, Fiscus, S A, Spector, S A, and Squires, K E

Subjects
HIV infections, AZIDOTHYMIDINE, RNA, CD4 antigen, ANALYTICAL chemistry, DRUG therapy
Abstract

Background: A substantial proportion of patients with HIV infection will not respond to antiretroviral therapy. Early predictors of response to treatment are needed to identify patients who are at risk for treatment failure.Objective: To determine predictors of virologic and clinical response to indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine therapy.Design: Observational analysis of one treatment group in a phase III trial.Setting: 40 AIDS Clinical Trials units.Patients: 489 patients receiving indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine who had 1) a CD4 count of 0.200 x 10(9) cells/L or less after 8 or more weeks of study therapy and 2) plasma HIV-1 RNA measurements obtained at baseline and week 8.Measurements: HIV-1 RNA level and CD4 cell count at weeks 0, 4, 8, 24, and 40. Clinical progression was defined as a new AIDS-defining illness or death.Results: Patients' levels of HIV-1 RNA at the 8th study week of therapy predicted whether patients would achieve virologic suppression to below 500 (or 50) copies/mL at study week 24. An HIV-1 RNA level less than 500 copies/mL at week 24 was achieved in 71% of patients whose level at week 8 had been less than 500 copies/mL, 53% of those with a level of 500 copies/mL or more and at least 2-log(10) copies/mL reduction since baseline, 29% of those with a level of 500 copies/mL or more with a 1- to 1.99-log(10) copies/mL reduction, and 9% of those with a level of 500 copies/mL or greater and less than 1-log(10) copies/mL reduction since baseline (P < 0.001). HIV-1 RNA level at week 8 also predicted clinical progression. HIV-1 disease progressed in 2.2% of the patients with a week-8 HIV-1 RNA level less than 500 copies/mL, 2.3% of patients with 500 copies/mL or greater and at least 2-log(10) copies/mL reduction since baseline, 4.9% of patients with 500 copies/mL or greater and 1- to 1.99-log(10) copies/mL reduction since baseline, and 10.6% of patients with 500 copies/mL or greater and less than 1-log(10) copies/mL decrease since baseline (P = 0.009). After adjustment for HIV-1 RNA level, patients with a higher week-8 CD4 cell count were more likely to have a week-24 HIV-1 RNA level less than 500 copies/mL (relative risk for patients with a week-8 CD4 count >/= 0.10 x 10(9) cells/L, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.00 to 2.16] compared with <0.050 x 10(9) cells/L; relative risk for patients with a week-8 CD4 count of 0.05 to 0.099 x 10(9) cells/L, 0.98 [CI, 0.61 to 1.57] compared with <0.050 x 10(9) cells/L). After adjustment for HIV-1 RNA level, patients with a week-8 CD4 count of 0.05 x 10(9) cells/L or greater (compared with <0.05 x 10(9) cells/L) had a decreased hazard for clinical progression (hazard ratio, 0.25 [CI, 0.09 to 0.67]).Conclusions: The HIV-1 RNA level and CD4 cell count achieved at 8 weeks of treatment are important predictors of subsequent virologic and clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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33. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: clinical presentation and an analysis of the physical state of human papillomavirus DNA.

Author

Demeter, L M, Stoler, M H, Bonnez, W, Corey, L, Pappas, P, Strussenberg, J, and Reichman, R C

Abstract

Forty-four men with penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and a matched control group of 88 men with condyloma acuminatum were evaluated in three centers studying anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. PIN and condyloma groups could not be distinguished on the basis of historical features or clinical presentation. Although PINs were more likely than condylomata to be pigmented (31/46 [67%] vs. 33/97 [34%], P < .001), 43% of PIN III were not pigmented, suggesting that pigmentation is not a sensitive indicator of high-grade PIN. HPV-16 infection, as determined by in situ hybridization, was closely associated with PIN III (0/24 PIN I contained HPV-16 vs. 12/13 PIN III, P < .001). Southern blot analysis demonstrated only episomal viral genomes, suggesting that integration is not an early event in penile neoplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1993
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35. Update on the Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Antiretroviral Agents: Implications in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Author

Slish, J., Catanzaro, L., Ma, Q., Okusanya, O., Demeter, L., Albrecht, M., and Morse, G.

Abstract

The observed inter-individual variation in antiretroviral pharmacokinetics (PK) that results in a wide range of drug exposures from fixed-dose regimens has led to increasing interest in the clinical use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to individualize dosing of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The focus of this review is to provide an overview of literature available to support therapeutic drug monitoring among the current classes of antiretrovirals, suggest patient populations that may benefit from TDM and bring forth some of the limitations that may exist for widespread use of TDM in a traditional clinical setting.

Published
2006

39. Advanced Concepts for Photon Sources. Volume 2. Fast Switching of Vacuum Magnetic Energy Stores.

Author

PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL CO SAN LEANDRO CALIF, Bailey,V., Demeter,L., Benford,J., Noeth,A., Sloan,D., PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL CO SAN LEANDRO CALIF, Bailey,V., Demeter,L., Benford,J., Noeth,A., and Sloan,D.

Abstract

Inductive (magnetic) energy sotrage systems are analyzed in terms of their application to generation of ultra-high power pulses. Such systems can transform low-power energy inputs into high-power outputs (power multiplication) by shortening the energy delivery time. Energy transfer from magnetic store to resistive load can approach 100 percent efficiency. Models of several accelerated metallic plasma transfer switch geometries indicate that such switches can be energetically efficient and can produce substantial voltage multiplications. Using a versatile and extensively diagnosed apparatus, experiments were conducted to test these predictions. The experiments confirmed the modeling and established design criteria for metallic wire plasma switches. Operating at 25 kJ energy level, a coaxial switch produced narrow (60 to 300 nsec) voltage spikes with voltage and power multiplications of 3.

Published
1973

48. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Monika Janišová, Georgios Fotiadis, Honor C. Prentice, Farshid Memariani, Ivan I. Moysiyenko, Pavel Lustyk, Zdenka Preislerová, Hristo Pedashenko, Francesco Santi, Atushi Ushimaru, Steffen Boch, Galina Savchenko, Fabrizio Buldrini, Irena Axmanová, Milan Chytrý, Jiri Dolezal, Denys Vynokurov, Marta Czarniecka-Wiera, Zdeňka Lososová, Robert K. Peet, Simon Stifter, Ricarda Pätsch, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Alba Gutiérrez-Girón, Simona Maccherini, András Kelemen, Thomas Becker, Michal Hájek, Christian Pedersen, Stefan Widmer, Remigiusz Pielech, Vladimir Ronkin, Kai Jensen, Anna Wróbel, Cristina Chocarro, Sebastian Świerszcz, Lei Deng, Arkadiusz Nowak, Luisa Conti, Eulàlia Pladevall-Izard, Swantje Löbel, Jonathan Etzold, Jan Peters, Hans Henrik Bruun, Elisabeth M. Hüllbusch, Anna Kuzemko, Martin Magnes, Rayna Natcheva, Riccardo Guarino, Joaquín Molero Mesa, Vasco Silva, Pavel Dřevojan, Iuliia Vasheniak, Jan Lepš, Péter Török, Timo Conradi, Marcin Nobis, Aaron Pérez-Haase, Yun Wang, María Rosa Fernández Calzado, Ilaria Bonini, Massimo Terzi, Meelis Pärtel, Liqing Zhao, Csaba Tölgyesi, Frank Weiser, Philipp Kirschner, Juan Antonio Campos, Zuzana Plesková, László Demeter, George Fayvush, Asun Berastegi, Behlül Güler, Diego Liendo, Nancy Langer, Manfred Finckh, Martin Diekmann, Florian Jeltsch, Anke Jentsch, Robin J. Pakeman, Tobias Ceulemans, Javier Etayo, Orsolya Valkó, Carly J. Stevens, Kaoru Kakinuma, Michele Aleffi, Jiří Danihelka, Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta, Balázs Teleki, Laura M. E. Sutcliffe, Solvita Rusina, Rosario G. Gavilán, Pieter De Frenne, Michele Mugnai, Arantzazu L. Luzuriaga, Marc Olivier Büchler, Lubomír Tichý, Soroor Rahmanian, Zsolt Molnár, Itziar García-Mijangos, Jürgen Dengler, Harald Pauli, Asuka Koyama, Anvar Sanaei, Cecilia Dupré, Parvaneh Ashouri, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Ute Jandt, Zoltán Bátori, François Gillet, Alla Aleksanyan, Ariel Bergamini, Corrado Marcenò, Constantin Mardari, Nadezda Tsarevskaya, José Luis Benito Alonso, Łukasz Kozub, Ottar Michelsen, Felix May, Goffredo Filibeck, Jan Roleček, Jalil Noroozi, Karsten Wesche, Eva Šmerdová, Michael Manthey, Triin Reitalu, Ana M. Sánchez, Eszter Ruprecht, Regina Lindborg, Idoia Biurrun, Risto Virtanen, Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo, Helmut Mayrhofer, Annika K. Jägerbrand, Mansoureh Kargar, Chrisoula B. Pirini, Dariia Shyriaieva, Sabina Burrascano, Esther Baumann, Christian Dolnik, Kristina Merunková, Ching-Feng Li, Eliane S. Meier, Kuber Prasad Bhatta, Mercedes Herrera, Klaus Ecker, Mohammad Farzam, Marta Torca, Nele Ingerpuu, Philippe Jeanneret, Francesco de Bello, Alireza Naqinezhad, Tünde Farkas, Elena Belonovskaya, Josep M. Ninot, Elias Afif, Munemitsu Akasaka, Lorenzo Lazzaro, András Vojtkó, Leonardo Rosati, Jianshuang Wu, Arshad Ali, Sándor Bartha, Zuoqiang Yuan, Wenhong Ma, Patryk Czortek, Marta Carboni, Franz Essl, Hannah J. White, Carmen Van Mechelen, Brigitta Erschbamer, Marek Malicki, Vasyl Budzhak, Jutta Kapfer, Manuela Winkler, Angela Lomba, Hamid Ejtehadi, Judit Sonkoly, Ingrid Turisová, Thomas Vanneste, Laura Cancellieri, Sonja Škornik, David Zelený, Zygmunt Kącki, Alessandro Chiarucci, Salza Palpurina, Sigrid Suchrow, Kathrin Kiehl, Amir Talebi, Beata Cykowska-Marzencka, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Nataša Pipenbaher, Frank Yonghong Li, Wendy Fjellstad, Ivana Vitasović-Kosić, Maria Pilar Rodríguez-Rojo, Álvaro Bueno, Daniele Viciani, Juha M. Alatalo, Emelie Waldén, Sahar Ghafari, Grzegorz Swacha, Anna Mária Csergő, Lu Wen, Balázs Deák, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Luis Villar, Maria-Teresa Sebastià, Svetlana Aćić, Halime Moradi, Kiril Vassilev, Daniel García-Magro, Sebastian Wolfrum, Iva Apostolova, Marko Sabovljevic, Giovanna Potenza, Monika Staniaszek-Kik, Iwona Dembicz, Aveliina Helm, Marta Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta Gaia Sperandii, John-Arvid Grytnes, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biurrun I., Pielech R., Dembicz I., Gillet F., Kozub L., Marceno C., Reitalu T., Van Meerbeek K., Guarino R., Chytry M., Pakeman R.J., Preislerova Z., Axmanova I., Burrascano S., Bartha S., Boch S., Bruun H.H., Conradi T., De Frenne P., Essl F., Filibeck G., Hajek M., Jimenez-Alfaro B., Kuzemko A., Molnar Z., Partel M., Patsch R., Prentice H.C., Rolecek J., Sutcliffe L.M.E., Terzi M., Winkler M., Wu J., Acic S., Acosta A.T.R., Afif E., Akasaka M., Alatalo J.M., Aleffi M., Aleksanyan A., Ali A., Apostolova I., Ashouri P., Batori Z., Baumann E., Becker T., Belonovskaya E., Benito Alonso J.L., Berastegi A., Bergamini A., Bhatta K.P., Bonini I., Buchler M.-O., Budzhak V., Bueno A., Buldrini F., Campos J.A., Cancellieri L., Carboni M., Ceulemans T., Chiarucci A., Chocarro C., Conti L., Csergo A.M., Cykowska-Marzencka B., Czarniecka-Wiera M., Czarnocka-Cieciura M., Czortek P., Danihelka J., de Bello F., Deak B., Demeter L., Deng L., Diekmann M., Dolezal J., Dolnik C., Drevojan P., Dupre C., Ecker K., Ejtehadi H., Erschbamer B., Etayo J., Etzold J., Farkas T., Farzam M., Fayvush G., Fernandez Calzado M.R., Finckh M., Fjellstad W., Fotiadis G., Garcia-Magro D., Garcia-Mijangos I., Gavilan R.G., Germany M., Ghafari S., Giusso del Galdo G.P., Grytnes J.-A., Guler B., Gutierrez-Giron A., Helm A., Herrera M., Hullbusch E.M., Ingerpuu N., Jagerbrand A.K., Jandt U., Janisova M., Jeanneret P., Jeltsch F., Jensen K., Jentsch A., Kacki Z., Kakinuma K., Kapfer J., Kargar M., Kelemen A., Kiehl K., Kirschner P., Koyama A., Langer N., Lazzaro L., Leps J., Li C.-F., Li F.Y., Liendo D., Lindborg R., Lobel S., Lomba A., Lososova Z., Lustyk P., Luzuriaga A.L., Ma W., Maccherini S., Magnes M., Malicki M., Manthey M., Mardari C., May F., Mayrhofer H., Meier E.S., Memariani F., Merunkova K., Michelsen O., Molero Mesa J., Moradi H., Moysiyenko I., Mugnai M., Naqinezhad A., Natcheva R., Ninot J.M., Nobis M., Noroozi J., Nowak A., Onipchenko V., Palpurina S., Pauli H., Pedashenko H., Pedersen C., Peet R.K., Perez-Haase A., Peters J., Pipenbaher N., Pirini C., Pladevall-Izard E., Pleskova Z., Potenza G., Rahmanian S., Rodriguez-Rojo M.P., Ronkin V., Rosati L., Ruprecht E., Rusina S., Sabovljevic M., Sanaei A., Sanchez A.M., Santi F., Savchenko G., Sebastia M.T., Shyriaieva D., Silva V., Skornik S., Smerdova E., Sonkoly J., Sperandii M.G., Staniaszek-Kik M., Stevens C., Stifter S., Suchrow S., Swacha G., Swierszcz S., Talebi A., Teleki B., Tichy L., Tolgyesi C., Torca M., Torok P., Tsarevskaya N., Tsiripidis I., Turisova I., Ushimaru A., Valko O., Van Mechelen C., Vanneste T., Vasheniak I., Vassilev K., Viciani D., Villar L., Virtanen R., Vitasovic-Kosic I., Vojtko A., Vynokurov D., Walden E., Wang Y., Weiser F., Wen L., Wesche K., White H., Widmer S., Wolfrum S., Wrobel A., Yuan Z., Zeleny D., Zhao L., Dengler J., Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, Françoi, Kozub, Łukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meeli, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M.E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Afif, Elia, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thoma, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Lui, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc‐Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobia, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergő, Anna Mária, Cykowska‐Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka‐Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka‐Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiří, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Baláz, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klau, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgio, García‐Magro, Daniel, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Marku, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez‐Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercede, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jägerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andrá, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching‐Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Meier, Eliane Seraina, Memariani, Farshid, Merunková, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez‐Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall‐Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodríguez‐Rojo, Maria Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek‐Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Świerszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Baláz, Tichý, Lubomír, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioanni, Turisova, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thoma, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Lui, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović‐Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, Andrá, Vynokurov, Deny, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Dengler, Jürgen, Bavarian Research Foundation, International Association for Vegetation Science, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Czech Science Foundation, Estonian Research Council, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Swedish Institute, Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Province, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tyrolean Science Fund, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, National Geographic Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), National Science Centre (Poland), Russian Science Foundation, University of Latvia Foundation, Slovenian Research Agency, Biurrun, I, Pielech, R, Dembicz, I, Gillet, F, Kozub, L, Marceno, C, Reitalu, T, Van Meerbeek, K, Guarino, R, Chytry, M, Pakeman, RJ, Preislerova, Z, Axmanova, I, Burrascano, S, Bartha, S, Boch, S, Bruun, HH, Conradi, T, De Frenne, P, Essl, F, Filibeck, G, Hajek, M, Jimenez-Alfaro, B, Kuzemko, A, MOLNAR, Zsolt, Partel, M, Patsch, R, Prentice, HC, Rolecek, J, Sutcliffe, LME, Terzi, M, Winkler, M, Wu, JS, Acic, S, Acosta, ATR, Afif, E, Akasaka, M, Alatalo, JM, Aleffi, M, Aleksanyan, A, Ali, A, Apostolova, I, Ashouri, P, Batori, Z, Baumann, E, BECKER, T, Belonovskaya, E, Alonso, JLB, Berastegi, A, Bergamini, A, Bhatta, KP, Bonini, I, Buchler, MO, Budzhak, V, Bueno, A, Buldrini, F, Campos, JA, Cancellieri, L, Carboni, M, Ceulemans, T, Chiarucci, A, Chocarro, C, Conti, L, Csergo, AM, Cykowska-Marzencka, B, Czarniecka-Wiera, M, Czarnocka-Cieciura, M, Czortek, P, Danihelka, J, Bello, F, Deak, B, Demeter, L, Deng, L, Diekmann, M, Dolezal, J, Dolnik, C, Drevojan, P, Dupre, C, Ecker, K, Ejtehadi, H, Erschbamer, B, Etayo, J, Etzold, J, Farkas, T, Farzam, M, Fayvush, G, Calzado, MRF, Finckh, M, Fjellstad, W, Fotiadis, G, Garcia-Magro, D, Garcia-Mijangos, I, Gavilan, RG, Germany, M, Ghafari, S, del Galdo, GPG, Grytnes, JA, Guler, B, Gutierrez-Giron, A, Helm, A, Herrera, M, Hullbusch, EM, Ingerpuu, N, Jagerbrand, AK, Jandt, U, Janisova, M, Jeanneret, P, Jeltsch, F, Jensen, K, Jentsch, A, Kacki, Z, Kakinuma, K, Kapfer, J, Kargar, M, Kelemen, A, Kiehl, K, Kirschner, P, Koyama, A, Langer, N, Lazzaro, L, Leps, J, Li, CF, Li, FY, Liendo, D, Lindborg, R, Lobel, S, Lomba, A, Lososova, Z, Lustyk, P, Luzuriaga, AL, Ma, WH, Maccherini, S, Magnes, M, Malicki, M, Manthey, M, Mardari, C, May, F, Mayrhofer, H, Meier, ES, Memariani, F, Merunkova, K, Michelsen, O, Mesa, JM, Moradi, H, Moysiyenko, I, Mugnai, M, Naqinezhad, A, Natcheva, R, Ninot, JM, Nobis, M, Noroozi, J, Nowak, A, Onipchenko, V, Palpurina, S, Pauli, H, Pedashenko, H, Pedersen, C, Peet, RK, Perez-Haase, A, Peters, J, Pipenbaher, N, Pirini, C, Pladevall-Izard, E, Pleskova, Z, Potenza, G, Rahmanian, S, Rodriguez-Rojo, MP, Ronkin, V, Rosati, L, Ruprecht, E, Rusina, S, Sabovljevic, M, Sanaei, A, Sanchez, AM, Santi, F, Savchenko, G, Sebastia, MT, Shyriaieva, D, Silva, V, Skornik, S, Smerdova, E, Sonkoly, J, Sperandii, MG, Staniaszek-Kik, M, Stevens, C, Stifter, S, Suchrow, S, Swacha, G, Swierszcz, S, Talebi, A, Teleki, B, Tichy, L, Tolgyesi, C, Torca, M, Torok, P, Tsarevskaya, N, Tsiripidis, I, Turisova, I, Ushimaru, A, Valko, O, VAN MECHELEN, Carmen, Vanneste, T, Vasheniak, I, Vassilev, K, Viciani, D, Villar, L, Virtanen, R, Vitasovic-Kosic, I, Vojtko, A, Vynokurov, D, Walden, E, Wang, Y., Weiser, F, Wen, L, Wesche, K, White, H, Widmer, S, Wolfrum, S, Wrobel, A, Yuan, ZQ, Zeleny, D, Zhao, LQ, Dengler, J., Jiménez‐alfaro, Borja, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Acosta, Alicia, Büchler, Marc‐olivier, Cykowska‐marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka‐wiera, Marta, Czarnocka‐cieciura, Marta, Bello, Francesco, García‐magro, Daniel, García‐mijangos, Itziar, Grytnes, John‐arvid, Gutiérrez‐girón, Alba, Li, Ching‐feng, Pérez‐haase, Aaron, Pladevall‐izard, Eulàlia, Rodríguez‐rojo, Maria Pilar, Staniaszek‐kik, Monika, Turisová, Ingrid, and Vitasović‐kosić, Ivana

Subjects
Vascular plant, SURROGATE, 333.7: Landflächen, Naturerholungsgebiete, Biome, Lichen, open habitat, Plant Science, DATABASES, Benchmark, Grassland, Scale dependence, benchmark, RICHNESS HOTSPOTS, Vegetation type, Taxonomic rank, SCALE, Macroecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, bryophyte, GLOBAL PATTERNS, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Open habitat, vascular plant, Forestry, ichen, Vegetation, Vegetation plot, Palaearctic, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Geography, Habitat, scale dependence, fine-grain biodiversity, grassland, GrassPlot Diversity Explorer, lichen, species–area relationship, vegetation plot, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, CONSERVATION, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Fine-grain biodiversity, benchmark, bryophyte, fine-grain biodiversity, grassland, GrassPlot Diversity Explorer, lichen, open habitat, Palaearctic, scale dependence, species–area relationship, vascular plant, vegetation plot, species-area relationship, benchmark, bryophyte, fine-grain biodiversity, grassland, GrassPlot Diversity Explorer, lichen, open habitat, Palaearctic, scale dependence, species-area relationship, vascular plant, vegetation plot, Species–area relationship, Science & Technology, Plant Sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, plant diversity, 13. Climate action, Bryophyte, SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIPS, VASCULAR PLANTS, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, BRYOPHYTES
Abstract

© 2021 The Authors., Aims: Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology., GrassPlot development has been supported by the Bavarian Research Alliance (BayIntAn_UBT_2017_58), the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) and the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS); IB, CorM, JAC, IGM, DGM, MHe, DL and MTo were supported by the Basque Government (IT936‐16); CorM, IAx, MCh, JDa, PD, MHá, ZL, ZPr, EŠ and LT were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19‐28491X); TR was supported by the Estonian Research Council (PUT1173); RJP was funded by the Strategic Research Programme of the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services Division”; SBa was supported by the GINOP‐2.3.2‐15‐2016‐00019 project; GFi was partially supported by the MIUR initiative “Department of excellence” (Law 232/2016)"; BJA was funded by the Spanish Research Agency (grant AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033); AK, VB, IM, DS, IV and DV were supported by the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (2020.01/0140); MP and AH were supported by the Estonian Research Council (PRG874, PRG609), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange); Data collection of HCP was funded by FORMAS (Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Science and Spatial Planning) and The Swedish Institute; JR was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (grant No. 20‐09895S) and the long‐term developmental project of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985939); ATRA was funded by the Grant of Excellence Departments, MIUR‐Italy (ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314 – 337 LEGGE 232/2016); JMA was supported by Carl Tryggers stiftelse för vetenskaplig forskning and Qatar Petroleum; AAli was supported by the Jiangsu Science and Technology Special Project (Grant No. BX2019084), and Metasequoia Faculty Research Startup Funding at Nanjing Forestry University (Grant No. 163010230), and he is currently supported by Hebei University through Faculty Research Startup Funding Program; ZB was supported by the NKFI K 124796 grant; The GLORIA‐ Aragón project of JLBA was funded by the Dirección General de Cambio Climático del Gobierno de Aragón (Spain); MCs and LDem were supported by DG Environment through the European Forum on Nature Conservation and Pastoralism and Barbara Knowles Fund, in collaboration with Pogány‐havas Association, Romania; JDa was partially supported by long‐term research development project no. RVO 67985939 of the Czech Academy of Sciences; BD and OV were supported by the NKFI KH 126476, NKFI KH 130338, NKFI FK 124404 and NKFI FK 135329 grants; BD, OV and AKe were supported by the Bolyai János Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; BE was funded by the Environmental Department of the Tyrolean Federal State Government, the MAB Programme of the Austrian Academy of Science, the Mountain Agriculture Research Unit and the Alpine Research Centre Obergurgl of Innsbruck University. The GLORIA projects of BE were funded by the EU project no. EVK2‐CT‐2000‐00056, the Earth System Sciences Program of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (project MEDIALPS), the Amt für Naturparke, Autonome Provinz Bozen‐Südtirol, the Südtiroler Wissenschaftsfonds and the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds; RGG was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Research to sample GLORIA sites in central Spain (CGL 2008‐00901/BOS) and present works by the Autonomous Region of Madrid (REMEDINAL TE‐CM, S2018/EMT‐4338); MJ was supporteLatviaed by Latvia Grant No. 194051; NP and SŠ were partly supported by the Slovenian Research Agency, core fundings P1‐0403 and J7‐1822.

Published
2021
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