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The environmental imperative in education has given rise to a number of approaches and models, including the model of inclusive education, which requires the unification of students with different educational needs and capabilities within one educational system. The heuristic potential of such studies is significant, although very little understood. The ecological approach to understanding inclusiveness has significant practical significance and value: the ecological imperative helps to identify and implement the most effective and productive ways of transforming existing problems, without sacrificing either the tasks of development and movement forward, or the tasks of preserving the existing ones. At each stage of education inclusion as an ecological imperative presupposes certain accents. In preschool education, inclusion is the creation of an environment in which children can become aware of the differences between each other, related to their individual characteristics. In school education, children and adolescents can realize and feel the differences in the forms and strategies for building interactions and relationships between people, as well as the existence of different strategies, forms and types of learning activity and learning relationships. In university education, young individual can sense the differences that exist in the forms and relationships of professional and career activity.

The environmental imperative is one of the leading imperatives of our time. Its understanding varies widely in different contexts. One such object is educational innovation. The theoretical basis of variations is two main groups of ideas: 1) the idea of development as a process and a result of gradual, “stable”, often “planned” / projected quantitative “accumulations”, and 2) the idea of development as a crisis, coupled with periods of abrupt / revolutionary, “emergent integrative and qualitative transformations, the exit of the system from the state of homeostasis to a new state, transparent for its members. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of environmental friendliness of educational innovations in the context of ensuring the subjectivity of the consumption of educational services. The research method is a phenomenological theoretical analysis of the problems of educational innovations within the framework of traditional and modern concepts of the development of society. The concept of the development of society, reflecting the general ideas about its functioning and improvement, as well as the formation and development of its members, acts as the basis for education reforms. Each of the concepts provides its own view of the forms and goals of education as a process of formation and improvement of subjectivity.

Abstract Cross-linked polymers with covalent adaptable networks (CANs) can be reprocessed under external stimuli owing to the exchangeability of dynamic covalent bonds. Optimization of reprocessing conditions is critical since increasing the reprocessing temperature costs more energy and even deteriorates the materials, while reducing the reprocessing temperature via molecular design usually narrows the service temperature range. Exploiting CO2 gas as an external trigger for lowering the reprocessing barrier shows great promise in low sample contamination and environmental friendliness. Herein, we develop a type of CANs incorporated with ionic clusters that achieve CO2-facilitated recyclability without sacrificing performance. The presence of CO2 can facilitate the rearrangement of ionic clusters, thus promoting the exchange of dynamic bonds. The effective stress relaxation and network rearrangement enable the system with rapid recycling under CO2 while retaining excellent mechanical performance in working conditions. This work opens avenues to design recyclable polymer materials with tunable dynamics and responsive recyclability.

The implementation of appropriate measures and systems to ensure occupational safety depends not only on the economic efficiency of companies, but also on the life and health of employees, which makes this topic relevant. The purpose of the study was to assess the capabilities and effectiveness of leading technologies and new management approaches to ensuring safety at work in accordance with existing problems in the field of occupational safety. The main approaches used in the study are the statistical method, comparison, analysis, and the descriptive method. The study identified problems in the field of occupational safety in Ukraine, the main ones being a large share of undeclared labour and an inadequate system for recording accidents. Ways to ensure occupational safety are identified, which are primarily related to conducting conversations, motivating personnel, digitalisation of such safety elements as training, briefings, risk assessment, and incident management. Based on the analysis of the experience of global leading companies in ensuring occupational safety, effective practices for improving the effectiveness of the safety system have been identified, which include conversations with employees, special development and training programmes, the introduction of advanced technologies and unified safety systems. The conducted research allowed developing an occupational safety system that incorporates modern technologies and management approaches. The findings can be useful for company managers in selecting and implementing effective management measures and new technologies to ensure occupational safety

Background and Purpose Infarct volume and other imaging markers are increasingly used as surrogate measures for clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke research, but how improvements in these imaging surrogates translate into better clinical outcomes is currently unclear. We investigated how changes in infarct volume at 24 hours alter the probability of achieving good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0–2). Methods Data are from endovascular thrombectomy patients from the randomized controlled ESCAPE-NA1 (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke) trial. Infarct volume at 24 hours was manually segmented on non-contrast computed tomography or diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Probabilities of achieving good outcome based on infarct volume were obtained from a multivariable logistic regression model. The probability of good outcome was plotted against infarct volume using linear spline regression. Results A total of 1,099 patients were included in the analysis (median final infarct volume 24.9 mL [interquartile range: 6.6–92.2]). The relationship between total infarct volume and good outcome probability was nearly linear for infarct volumes between 0 mL and 250 mL. In this range, a 10% increase in the probability of achieving mRS 0–2 required a decrease in infarct volume of approximately 34.0 mL (95% confidence interval: -32.5 to -35.6). At infarct volumes above 250 mL, the probability of achieving mRS 0–2 probability was near zero. The relationships of tissue-specific infarct volumes and parenchymal hemorrhage volume generally showed similar patterns, although variability was high. Conclusion There seems to be a near-linear association between total infarct volume and probability of achieving good outcome for infarcts up to 250 mL, whereas patients with infarct volumes greater than 250 mL are highly unlikely to have a favorable outcome.

Background and Purpose The safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in patients with ischemic stroke due to medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) are not well studied. We aimed to compare tenecteplase with alteplase in stroke due to MeVO. Methods Patients with baseline M2-middle cerebral artery (MCA), M3/M4-MCA, P2/P3/P4-posterior cerebral artery (PCA), A2/A3/A4-anterior cerebral artery (ACA) occlusions from the Alteplase Compared to Tenecteplase (AcT) trial were included. Primary outcome was the proportion of 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–1. Secondary outcomes were 90-day mRS 0–2, ordinal mRS, mortality, quality of life measures (EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level, EuroQol visual analog scale), and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Initial and final successful reperfusion were reported in patients undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Results Among 1,558 patients with available baseline computed tomography angiography; 455 (29.2%) had MeVO of which 27.5% (125/455) were proximal M2; 16.3% (74/455) were distal M2; 35.2% (160/455) were M3/M4; 7.5% (34/455) were A2/A3/A4; and 13.6% (62/455) were P2/P3/P4 occlusions. EVT was performed in 87/455 (19.1%) patients. mRS 0–1 at 90 days was achieved in 37.9% in the tenecteplase versus 34.7% in the alteplase group (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–1.25). Rates of 90-day mRS 0–2, sICH, and mortality were similar in both groups. No statistical difference was noted in initial successful reperfusion rates (13.0% vs. 7.5%) among the 87 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy. However, final successful reperfusion was higher in the tenecteplase group (71.7% vs. 60.0%, aRR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.61). Conclusion Intravenous tenecteplase had comparable safety, functional outcomes and quality of life compared to intravenous alteplase among patients with MeVO. Among those treated with EVT, tenecteplase was associated with higher successful reperfusion rates than alteplase.

The research is devoted to the problem of mastering pre-service EFL teachers' specific proficiency in using questions as an effective tool in the EL classroom discourse and university discourse. The purpose of the paper is to submit the teaching scheme of training pre-service EFL teachers' questioning skills, encouraging them to work out their own teaching strategies in the future professional activity. The authors substantiate the possibility of improving MA students and pre-service EFL teachers', questioning skills via suggested teaching scheme actualising interdisciplinary connections between the practical course ("English Communication in Academic Discourse") and theoretical-practical course ("Theory and Practice of Speech Communication") and students' teaching practice that are majors of the Master's degree curriculum. The emphasis is laid on the content level -- EL classroom discourse acquisition. The experiment was conducted involving 90 MA students, pre-service EFL teachers, of South-Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky to clarify the efficiency of the suggested teaching scheme. Data were obtained and analysed via pre-experimental assessment stage, experimental teaching (implementation of the suggested teaching scheme), post-experimental assessment stage employing quantitative and qualitative research methods. Data collection procedures included pedagogical observation, analysis of the students' results, self-assessment questionnaire, student's opinion questionnaire, statistical and mathematical processing of obtained data. The findings of the research indicate that the suggested teaching scheme using interdisciplinary approach helps students become more proactive in constructing their knowledge of questions linguodidactic potential, to transform the acquired knowledge to new ways of verbal behaviour, to model successful communication in the EL classroom through appropriate questions, and to modify their teaching styles. The authors come to the conclusion that it is mandatory to include special consecutive training covering initially purely practical courses with a gradual shift to theoretical-practical ones, and finally -- teaching practices as a closing step to improve students' proficiency in using questions effectively in the EL classroom school and university discourse.

Recent advancements in polymer science and manufacturing technologies triggered new developments of porous materials used for mitigating heat losses, such as thermal insulating polymeric foams. The major bottleneck in the optimization of these products, however, remains the absence of analytical methods able to scrutinize their large design space reasonably quickly and cost-effectively. This manuscript targets the paucity of data for polymeric foams by illustrating, at a proof-of-principle level, that several well-established analytical methods including optical microscopy, pycnometry, dielectric spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance can be exploited for an extensive, yet logistically efficient, characterization of these materials. The purpose of this study is thus introducing an experimental platform for the characterization of market foam products and for the development of new polymeric foams with pore sizes that are particularly relevant for industrial and residential thermal insulation. Since this work introduces several new methodologies, it may be used as a guide for both laboratory users and specialists in the field, who may further improve the herein proposed experimental concepts.

Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) within 3 h of symptom onset is currently approved for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Those who present within 3 h and have a vascular occlusion and a good CT scan are the ideal candidates for thrombolysis. Clinical trials and phase IV data has shed substantial light on the factors associated with more favorable outcomes with tPA. In the 3-6 h time window, cerebral perfusion information can be used for selection of patients for thrombolytic therapy. In many special circumstances, such as seizure at stroke onset, stroke on awakening, age more than 80 years, and patients with rapidly improving symptoms, the decision to treat depends on expert judgment. Due to the narrow time window, the fear of bleeding complications, and doubts regarding its effectiveness, tPA is still underused. Constant efforts are required to educate the public on the fact that stroke is a treatable emergency.

Background: The history of gunshot wound treatment dates back several centuries. However, every new war or protracted armed conflict makes surgeons return to this issue. In recent years the nature of wounds changed: injuries become more severe, with a larger amount of damaged tissue. Among the wounded persons, blast and fragment injuries prevail over gunshot injuries. Gunshot wounds, as a rule, differ from wounds inflicted by old-style weapons in the scale, depth, and severity of anatomical destruction of soft tissue and bones. Modern physical methods of wound management and preparation of wounds for plastic closure, such as low-frequency ultrasound, enable to debride the wound surface with minimal damage to viable tissues and perform plastic closure of soft tissue defects as radically and as early as could be.Objective: To improve methods of primary surgical debridement in patients with combat surgical trauma using low-frequency ultrasound.Materials and methods: We studied treatment results in 176 wounded and injured people hospitalized in the burn unit and the division of plastic surgery and cell transplantation at the V.K. Gusak Institute of Emergency and Reconstructive Surgery (Donetsk, Russian Federation) between 2015 and 2023. All the patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (main) included 86 patients who underwent surgical wound debridement with ultrasonic cavitation. Group 2 consisted of 90 patients who were operated on without ultrasonic wound debridement. The groups of patients were comparable.Results: After surgical wound debridement, segmented neutrophils (78%-68%) were the main type of blood cells. After ultrasonic wound debridement, the amount of detritus decreased by 3.75 times. In the main group, the number of fibroblasts was 1.88 times higher than that in the comparison group. On day 4, the specific area of the granulation tissue was 1.7 times higher in the main group compared with that in the comparison group. Results of the morphometric control revealed that on day 4 the number of capillaries in the granulation tissue was 31.3 ± 2.5 units in the main group and 20.0 ± 1.12 units in the comparison group. Ultrasonic cavitation of wounds helps suppress wound infection by day 4-5 of treatment: in 82.2 ± 5.7% of the patients, the number of microorganisms per gram of tissue decreased below the “critical number”, whereas in the comparison group it was achieved in 28.9 ± 6.7% of the patients. According to laser Doppler flowmetry findings, we obtained a statistically significant increase in the mean blood flow value (M index) by 1.22 times 24-48 hours after surgical treatment. In the main group, 11.6 ± 3.4% of complications were reported, whereas in the comparison group it was 24.5 ± 4.4%, P < .05. The mean number of operations per person was 1.6 ± 0.4 in the main group and 2.8 ± 0.5 in the comparison group, P < .05. The mean duration of inpatient treatment was 13.5 ± 3.4 days in the main group and 24.3 ± 2.5 days in the comparison group, P < .01.Conclusions: We can conclude that ultrasonic cavitation is advantageous in routine surgical debridement of gunshot wounds followed by primary or delayed primary closure.

Abstract Background and purpose The ANNEXA‐4 trial measured hemostatic efficacy of andexanet alfa in patients with major bleeding taking factor Xa inhibitors. A proportion of this was traumatic and nontraumatic intracranial bleeding. Different measurements were applied in the trial including volumetrics to assess for intracranial bleeding depending on the compartment involved. We aimed to determine the most reliable way to measure intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH) volume by comparing individual brain compartment and total ICrH volume. Methods Thirty patients were randomly selected from the ANNEXA‐4 database to assess measurement of ICrH volume by compartment and in total. Total and compartmental hemorrhage volumes were measured by five readers using Quantomo software. Each reader measured baseline hemorrhage volumes twice separated by 1 week. Twenty‐eight different ANNEXA‐4 subjects were also randomly selected to assess intra‐rater reliability of total ICrH volume measurement change at baseline and 12‐h follow up, performed by three readers twice to assess hemostatic efficacy categories used in ANNEXA‐4. Results Compartmental minimal detectable change percentages (MDC%) ranged between 9.72 and 224.13, with the greatest measurement error occurring in patients with a subdural hemorrhage. Total ICrH volume measurements had the lowest MDC%, which ranged between 6.57 and 33.52 depending on the reader. Conclusion Measurement of total ICrH volumes is more accurate than volume by compartment with less measurement error. Determination of hemostatic efficacy was consistent across readers, and within the same reader, as well as when compared to consensus read. Volumetric analysis of intracranial hemostatic efficacy is feasible and reliable when using total ICrH volumes.

A crucial direction in the progress of modern medical chemistry is the development and improvement of theoretical investigation methods of drugs mechanisms of action, predicting their activity, and virtual design of new drugs. This review describes the history of targeted search for biologically active compounds, current in silico approaches and tools used in the rational design of potential drugs, in particular the main computational strategies used in modern drug design are presented and outlines the main methodologies for implementing these strategies.

The results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for October are shown – December 2023: gender stereotypes and violence against women, culture of charity, attitude to same-sex partnership.

In 2022, Russia’s war against Ukraine shook the world and kickstarted an active humanitarian operation to save war-affected Ukrainians. All the neighbouring countries of Ukraine were forced to react actively. However, the subsequent refugee crisis affected Poland the most. Currently, Poland is playing the most important role among the countries receiving war refugees from Ukraine, which raises obvious questions about future developments and possible future challenges in relations between Ukraine and Poland and, above all, migration policy itself. The objective of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Poland’s policy in the fi eld of accepting refugees and to examine the relevant legislation and procedures related to Ukrainian refugees, thereby shedding light on the assistance and support mechanisms put in place by the Polish authorities. Furthermore, this study seeks to draw insightful conclusions regarding the impact of Ukrainian refugees on Poland’s economic and social spheres, in addition to exploring the refugees’ integration into various aspects of daily life. A critical aspect of this research involves a comparative analysis to ascertain whether Poland’s policy towards Ukrainian refugees has undergone any significant changes since the beginning of the full-scale invasion on February 24th, 2022. This timeline provides a crucial backdrop for understanding how evolving geopolitical dynamics may have influenced Poland’s approach. This research employs a multidisciplinary approach, utilising a combination of data collection, policy analysis, and an extensive review of relevant literature to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complex issue at hand.

The study explores justice, forensic examination and mediation from the time of their genesis to the present day. The article analyzes historical examples of the application of forensic examination within the mediation process from the Ancient East and Antiquity to the 20th century, as well as the processes of establishing the legitimization of forensic examination (from the end of the 19th century) and mediation (from the end of the 20th century) in Ukraine and abroad. Attention is paid to the prototypes of forensic examination in the times of Kievan Rus, the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Cossack State and the entry of Ukrainian lands into the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires, as well as the emergence of forensic examination before the First World War and during the Ukrainian Revolution and the expansion of the Bolsheviks and the establishment of Soviet power. The formation of regional offices (1923) and later institutes of scientific and forensic expertise (1925) in Kyiv, Odesa and Kharkiv is studied. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of forensic examination within the establishment and legitimization of the mediation procedure in independent Ukraine. The provisions of the current legislation on forensic examination and mediation are analyzed. The authors substantiate the prospects of using the results of forensic expert activity for the application of mediation procedures in the settlement of disputes through negotiations between the parties using the conclusions of forensic experts. The authors identify the most promising types of forensic expertise for the mediation procedure (economic, commodity, construction, intellectual property, etc.). The authors determine the prospects for mediators to use expert opinions not only in family, labor, civil, commercial and administrative disputes, but also in criminal cases during martial law and post-war revival of Ukraine.

Purpose. Scientific substantiation of theoretical foundations and provision of practical recommendations for improving the system of crisis monitoring, assessment of its actual and predicted state; deterioration of living conditions. Methods. Based on the use of general scientific and special methods of cognition. The hypothetical and deductive method was used to reveal the content and essence of the concept of "crisis monitoring". The method of structural and functional analysis is used to identify current trends in the preparation, planning and implementation of measures related to the improvement of crisis monitoring. The method of generalisation and comparison is used to assess the current state of the crisis monitoring system, to evaluate its actual and forecasted state; deterioration of people's living conditions. Results. The article shows that emergency and crisis situations are an integral part of the social system. The author analyses the scientific heritage and legislation, which makes it possible to conclude that a crisis situation, critical situation, crisis, emergency situation are the defining properties of these systems and are the result of the action of factors. The author establishes that emergency and crisis situations develop in time and space and allow identifying certain stages at which crisis situations may arise. Conclusions. The consequences of emergency and crisis situations are always negative, but there is a direct and inverse relationship between crisis and emergency situations.

The research concerns the problem of mastering English voice production skills in oral interpretation of the authentic belles-lettres texts. The purpose of the paper is to present the teaching algorithm of training future English language and literature teachers' skills in decoding and orally interpreting verbalised English voice prosodic characteristics. The authors argue the necessity of training future English teachers in mastering their voices on the basis of the mechanism of English voice perception in order to make them sound English. The research represents the results of experimental teaching English voice production skills to the 4th year BA students at South-Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky. The participants were 60 students -- future English language and literature teachers -- who agreed to take part in the research. Data analysis tools comprise pedagogical observation, questionnaires, testing for skills level assessment, expert assessment of testing results, statistical and mathematical processing of obtained data. The experimental teaching included three stages: diagnostic (entry testing), empirical training (teaching algorithm implementation) and checkout (final testing). The obtained results prove that the suggested four-stepped teaching algorithm in "Oral interpretation of the text" successfully starts in students the mechanism of the English voice perception, develops their ability to decode verbalised English voice prosodic characteristics and their functions in the process of philological reading, and forms future English language and literature teachers' specific skills in English voice modulation in oral interpretation.

Дана стаття присвячена дослідженню ок­ремих аспектів формування бюджетів місцевого самоврядування, а саме об'єднаних територіаль­них громад. Резюмується, що збройні дії агре­сора призвели до глибокої економічної кризи в Україні, що вплинуло на фінансову спроможність держави в цілому та органів місцевого самовря­дування, зокрема. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що з почат­ком повномасштабного вторгнення процес за­твердження бюджету місцевого самоврядування зазнав певних змін: голови відповідних територі­альних громад можуть розпоряджатись коштами місцевих бюджетів тільки на території, де не ве­дуться бойові дії та не утворено військової адмі­ністрації населеного пункту (населених пунктів). Проаналізовано внесені зміни до Бюджетного ко­дексу України, що пов'язані із сплатою податку на доходи фізичних осіб військовослужбовцями. Приділено увагу змісту вказаних нововведень, а саме, на спрямованні до державного бюдже­ту надходжень від сплаченого податку на дохід фізичної особи з платників-військовослужбовців. Зазначено, що вказані зміни мають сприяти ефективнішому розподілу фінансових ресурсів, зокрема впливати на можливості держави в за­купівлі дронів та озброєння для забезпечення обороноздатності країни. Особлива увага була приділена саме питан­ням формування місцевих бюджетів, їх розподілу та використанню. Акцентовано на тому, що про­цес децентралізації владних повноважень, що запропонований урядом з метою задоволення фінансових потреб громад спирається на місцеві бюджети, які забезпечать фінансову самостій­ність та персоналізують відповідальність за на­слідки неефективного управління місцевими фі­нансами. Підкреслюється, що правонаступником майна та обов'язків територіальних громад є самі громади, але згідно з нововведеннями, отримані залишки коштів з бюджету громади за минулий рік, спрямовуватимуться на заходи, пов'язані із збройною агресією росії проти України. Стаття акцентує увагу на важливості забезпе­чення прозорості у витрачанні бюджетних коштів та праві громад встановлювати власні обов'язко­ві процедури забезпечення публічності в управ­лінні місцевими фінансами.

Background Nerinetide treatment was associated with better clinical outcomes among patients with stroke undergoing endovascular treatment who were not treated with concurrent alteplase in the randomized ESCAPE‐NA1 (Efficacy and Safety of Nerinetide for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke) trial. In patients receiving alteplase, no such effect was seen due to an inactivation of nerinetide by plasmin – the product of tissue plasminogen activation. We hypothesized that improved outcomes in the no‐alteplase patients were associated with reduced infarct growth, a radiological correlate of improved stroke outcomes. Methods Data are from the no‐alteplase stratum of the ESCAPE‐NA1 trial. Patients who underwent computer tomography perfusion (CTP) as part of routine clinical care were included. Admission CTP source data were processed using RAPID software. Infarct core at baseline was defined as areas of relative cerebral blood flow

Paper demonstrated the results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for July – September 2023: domestic tourism, radiation and nuclear safety, financial literacy.

Purpose: To examine the features of the bulbar conjunctiva in patients who developed dry-eye disease (DED) after drug treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Impression cytology was performed by applying twice a strip of cellulose acetate filter to the ocular surface to remove the superficial epithelial layers of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva. The strips were removed with a peeling motion in a few seconds, and the samples were immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, mounted on glass slides and coverslipped for light microscopy. Squamous metaplasia was graded according to Nelson’s grading system on the basis of cell morphology, staining and integrity as well as the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio. This study included a case group of 80 patients (mean age, 63.8 ± 6.7 years) with POAG-associated DED, with the group being divided into four subgroups. Subgroups 1 and 2 were composed of 40 patients each, with glaucoma duration of less or more than 5 years, respectively. Subgroups a and b were composed of 40 patients each, with a number of topical ocular hypotensive drugs used equal to one or at least two, respectively. The control group was composed of 20 apparently healthy volunteers (mean age, 67.9 ± 8.9 years). All patients underwent a routine eye examination. Results: All patients with glaucoma had symptoms of DED with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores of at least 15. In subgroup 1, 60% had Nelson’s grade 1 and 40%, Nelson’s grade 2 squamous metaplasia. In subgroup 2, 10% had Nelson’s grade 1; 60%, Nelson’s grade 2 and 30%, Nelson’s grade 3 squamous metaplasia. In subgroup a, 20% had Nelson’s grade 1; 60%, Nelson’s grade 2 and 30%, Nelson’s grade 3 squamous metaplasia. In subgroup b, 10% had Nelson’s grade 1; 60%, Nelson’s grade 2 and 30%, Nelson’s grade 3 squamous metaplasia. Conclusion: Changes in the bulbar conjunctival epithelium corresponded to Nelson’s grade 2 or 3 squamous metaplasia in 80% of patients who developed DED after drug treatment for POAG. The severity of squamous metaplasia correlated with the duration of glaucoma and, consequently, longer use of hypotensive eye drops (r1 = 0.15, p1 = 0.02, p2 = 0.01). Findings of the current study and international guidelines argue for the use of the medications containing no preservatives or potentially toxic components in long-term therapy against glaucoma.

Background and purposeWhether reperfusion into infarcted tissue exacerbates cerebral edema has treatment implications in patients presenting with extensive irreversible injury. We investigated the effects of endovascular thrombectomy and reperfusion on cerebral edema in patients presenting with radiological evidence of large hemispheric infarction at baseline.MethodsIn a systematic review and individual patient-level meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials comparing thrombectomy versus medical therapy in anterior circulation ischemic stroke published between January 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017 (Highly Effective Reperfusion Using Multiple Endovascular Devices collaboration), we analyzed the association between thrombectomy and reperfusion with maximal midline shift (MLS) on follow-up imaging as a measure of the space-occupying effect of cerebral edema in patients with large hemispheric infarction on pretreatment imaging, defined as diffusion-magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography (CT)-perfusion ischemic core 80 to 300 mL or noncontrast CT-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≤5. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool.ResultsAmong 1764 patients, 177 presented with large hemispheric infarction. Thrombectomy and reperfusion were associated with functional improvement (thrombectomy common odds ratio =2.30 [95% CI, 1.32–4.00]; reperfusion common odds ratio =4.73 [95% CI, 1.66–13.52]) but not MLS (thrombectomy β=−0.27 [95% CI, −1.52 to 0.98]; reperfusion β=−0.78 [95% CI, −3.07 to 1.50]) when adjusting for age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Score, glucose, and time-to-follow-up imaging. In an exploratory analysis of patients presenting with core volume >130 mL or CT-Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≤3 (n=76), thrombectomy was associated with greater MLS after adjusting for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (β=2.76 [95% CI, 0.33–5.20]) but not functional improvement (odds ratio, 1.71 [95% CI, 0.24–12.08]).ConclusionsIn patients presenting with large hemispheric infarction, thrombectomy and reperfusion were not associated with MLS, except in the subgroup with very large core volume (>130 mL) in whom thrombectomy was associated with increased MLS due to space-occupying ischemic edema. Mitigating cerebral edema-mediated secondary injury in patients with very large infarcts may further improve outcomes after reperfusion therapies.

Heterocyclic compounds, particularly those containing azole rings, have shown extensive biological activity, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Among these, the imidazole ring stands out due to its diverse therapeutic potential. In the presented study, we designed and synthesized a series of imidazole derivatives to identify compounds with high biological potential. We focused on two groups: thiosemicarbazide derivatives and hydrazone derivatives. We synthesized these compounds using conventional methods and confirmed their structures via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), MS, and elemental analysis, and then assessed their antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro using the broth microdilution method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida spp. strains. Our results showed that thiosemicarbazide derivatives exhibited varied activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. The hydrazone derivatives, however, did not display significant antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that structural modifications can significantly influence the antimicrobial efficacy of imidazole derivatives, highlighting the potential of thiosemicarbazide derivatives as promising candidates for further development in antibacterial therapies. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines was evaluated. Two derivatives of hydrazide-hydrazone showed moderate anticancer activity.

Fluconazole (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol), which was patented in 1981 and introduced for commercial use in 1988, is a widely utilized antifungal drug whose mechanism of action involves inhibition of the activity of 14-α lanosterol demethylase. Its safety and effectiveness have established it as one of the most frequently employed antifungal agents. Resistance to azole antifungal drugs is becoming more common. It may be related to a mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme. To address this issue, molecules with modifications in three main regions of fluconazole, namely the hydroxyl group, the aromatic ring, and the 1,2,4-triazole rings, have been synthesized in an attempt to create more potent antifungal drugs. These modifications aim at enhancing the effectiveness against microorganisms and improving pharmacokinetic parameters and safety profiles of the synthesized compounds. The present review explores the synthesis of fluconazole derivatives, accompanied by insights into the results of biological studies evaluating the therapeutic effects of these compounds.

Background and purposeBenefit of early endovascular treatment (EVT) for ischemic stroke varies considerably among patients. The MR PREDICTS decision tool, derived from MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands), predicts outcome and treatment benefit based on baseline characteristics. Our aim was to externally validate and update MR PREDICTS with data from international trials and daily clinical practice.MethodsWe used individual patient data from 6 randomized controlled trials within the HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke Trials) collaboration to validate the original model. Then, we updated the model and performed a second validation with data from the observational MR CLEAN Registry. Primary outcome was functional independence (defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) 3 months after stroke. Treatment benefit was defined as the difference between the probability of functional independence with and without EVT. Discriminative performance was evaluated using a concordance (C) statistic.ResultsWe included 1242 patients from HERMES (633 assigned to EVT, 609 assigned to control) and 3156 patients from the MR CLEAN Registry (all of whom underwent EVT within 6.5 hours). The C-statistic for functional independence was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.72–0.77) in HERMES and, after model updating, 0.80 (0.78–0.82) in the Registry. Median predicted treatment benefit of routinely treated patients (Registry) was 10.3% (interquartile range, 5.8%–14.4%). Patients with low (

Маркетинг належить до галузевих терміносистем із певним чином організованою системою знаків, яка номінує сукупність концептів конкретного фрагменту мовної картини світу. Семантика терміносистеми маркетингової діяльності має певні особливості й володіє лексичним інструментарієм для забезпечення адекватної комунікації між підприємствами на ринку, між виробником і споживачем. Терміни, як елементи специфічної системи, мають характерні ознаки. Передовсім, це матеріально-структурна риса, що характеризує термін як мовний знак: слугує його матеріальною основою і водночас виступає одиницею номінації й частиною лексико-семантичної системи мови. Сприйняття того чи іншого предмета відбувається під впливом різних сенсомоторних факторів, категоріальних схем, запасу знань, іншими словами, концептуальної системи носіїв мови, наділеної їхніми стандартними уявленнями та персональною системою оцінювання. Одним із найбільш ефективних способів презентації термінологічних лексичних одиниць, який сприяє оптимальному розкриттю значення та їхнього реального застосування в мові, є фреймовий аналіз. Організація лексичного матеріалу у вигляді фрейму забезпечує поєднання мовних (значення лексем) і позамовних чинників. Фрейм є структурованою одиницею, всередині якої виокремлюють певні компоненти та відношення між ними; це когнітивна модель, яка передає знання й погляди щодо визначеної повторюваної ситуації. Виокремлення у фреймі маркетингової діяльності базових концептів допомагає вникнути у її сутність. Відтак, marché (m) "ринок" є одним із базових концептів, оскільки входить до складу повних або часткових семантичних парадигм, що функціонують як цілісна семантична одиниця, а їхня ієрархічна послідовність зумовлена логіко-середовищними чинниками. Marché (m) у всіх можливих його проявах є об'єктом маркетингової діяльності, тоді як концепт, представлений терміном marché – це номінативна одиниця, яка супроводжується багатьма похідними, що формують словотвірні гнізда та перебувають у відношеннях взаємозалежності.