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The friction stir welding (FSW) procedure is the main topic of this research study among the various welding techniques. The study focuses on the interaction between the mechanical properties of 3003 aluminum alloy and the process parameters (rotation speed, welding speed, and dwell time) in the form of rolled plates of 2 mm thickness, end-to-end and welded at 90° and 45°. The welds were made by varying the speed of rotation (1000, 2000 rpm) and setting the tool feed at 500 mm/min. This experimental approach is also based on varying the tilt of the welding tool from 0° to 2°. It has been shown that the studied parameters play an important role in the characterization and optimization of the above mentioned weld joints. Therefore, and based on the results obtained, the use of the 90° joint remains the best in terms of strength.

An illite-montmorillonite clay from Naima, IMN (Algeria) was treated via physical and chemical treatment (TIMN) and investigated for the removal of methylene blue. IMN and TIMN clays were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, DSC-TG, FTIR and DC electrical conductivity methods. To analyze the sorption behavior of MB on the clays, a mechanistic model for interpreting the sorption data was developed. IMN clay revealed high sorption capacity (1.925 × 10−2 kg kg−1) for MB in 60 min. The pseudo-second-order model had a very good agreement to describe the MB adsorption process. The adsorption capacities, qe,exp, of 4.327 × 10−2 and 4.914 × 10−2 kg kg−1 for IMN and TIMN, respectively, were obtained. The free energy from the D–R model from adsorbing MB using IMN and TIMN ranged from 1.581 to 0.745 × 10−3J mol−1, respectively, suggesting that the process is physisorption. Besides, the sorption process was more sensible to temperatures that increase was beyond 40 °C causing a decrease in adsorption capacity, indicating that the adsorption reaction of MB onto IMN was exothermic. The adsorption mechanism of I/M clay to remove MB was likely based on hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange and n–π interaction. These results proved that TIMN was a promising adsorbent for removing MB from simulated wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS Natural Illite-Montmorillonite clay from Naima (IMN) and its modified form (TIMN) were successfully elaborated via physical and chemical treatments.; IMN and TIMN clays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), DC electrical conductivity, Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and DSC-TG methods.; IMN and TIMN clays were explored for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye.; Up to 90 % removal of MB was achieved within 60 min by IMN and TIMN clays.; The driving factors of the adsorption process were categorized as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, n-π and OH−π interactions.;

Dünya’da olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de iklim değişikliğinin etkileri önemli bir şekilde görülmektedir. Türkiye’de İç Anadolu bölgesinde su kaynaklarında ciddi azalmalar olmakla birlikte kuraklık riski de öngörülmektdir. Atmosfer sıcaklığındaki ani değişimler hayvancılık sektörünü olumsuz etkilerken, hayvancılık sektörü de ürettiği sera gazları ile iklim değişikliğini etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda iklim değişikliği ile hayvancılık sektörü arasında karşılıklı bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir. Tükiye’de 2000’li yılların başından beri iklim değişikliği azaltım ve uyum çalışmaları sürdürülmektedir ve özellikle Avrupa Yeşil Anlaşmasının yayınlanması ve Paris Anlaşmasına taraf olunması ile bazı çalışmalar artmıştır. İç Anadolu bölgesinde hayvancılık sektörü incelendiğinde, bu bölgede esas olarak büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği önemli bir yer tutmakta olup, ülke hayvancılığına ve ekonomisine önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İç Anadolu Bölgesi iklim değişikliği ve bölgenin hayvancılığı genel olarak değerlendirilerek, bu iki olgunun ilişkisi tartışılmıştır.

Background: To determine whether multiple fine-needle passes to the same thyroid nodule in the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy session affect sufficient and/or atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) cytological result. Methods: Ultrasonography(US) and cyto-histopathology results of the nodules of patients were retrospectively analyzed. The nodules were divided into 2 groups according to the number of needle passes performed in the same FNA session as those with 1 pass (1-pass group) and those with 2 or 3 passes (multiple-pass group). Results: Totally, 1409 (93.9%) nodules were performed 1 pass, and 91 (6.1%) were performed multiple pass(n=91).The rates of cystic/mixed nodule, macrocalcification, and Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 score were higher in the multiple-pass group (P=.001, P=.039, P=.006, respectively). Adequacy and AUS/FLUS rates were similar between the 2 groups. When nodules with macrocalcifications and cystic/ mixed structures were evaluated as 2 separate subgroups, the rates of the adequacy and AUS/FLUS were similar between 1-pass and multiplepass groups within each subgroup.The number of passes showed no univariate or multivariate significant effect on sufficient and/or AUS/FLUS cytology results (P > .05). Conclusion: Although more passes are performed in cystic/mixed and macrocalcified nodules estimating that the material would be insufficient with macroscopic on-site evaluation, needle insertion of 2 or 3 times does not affect obtaining sufficient and/or AUS/FLUS cytology compared to 1 pass.

Introduction/purpose: This article presents the bending examination of advanced-generation composite structures with specific properties exposed to different loads. Methods: This paper thus proposes and introduces a new generalized five-variable shear strain theory for calculating the static response of functionally graded rectangular plates made of ceramic and metal. Notably, our theory eliminates the need for a shear correction factor and ensures zero-shear stress conditions on both the upper and lower surfaces. Numerical investigations are introduced to interpret the influences of loading conditions and variations of power of functionally graded material, modulus ratio, aspect ratio, and thickness ratio on the bending behavior of FGPs. These analyzes are then compared to the results available in the literature. Results: Preliminary results include a comparative analysis with standard higher-order shear deformation theories (PSDPT, ESDPT, SSDPT), as well as Mindlin and Kirchhoff theories (FSDPT and CPT). Conclusion: Our theory contributes alongside established theories in the field, providing valuable insights into the static thermomechanical response of functionally graded rectangular plates. This encompasses the influence of volume fraction exponent values on non-dimensional displacements and stresses, the impact of aspect ratios on deflection, and the effects of the thermal field on deflection and stresses. Numerical examples of the bending examination of advanced-generation composite structures with specific properties exposed to different loads demonstrate the accuracy of the present theory.

Bu çalışma tütün üretim ve pazarlama kooperatiflerin sayıca fazla kurulduğu Adıyaman-Çelikhan’da yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, tütün üretim ve pazarlama kooperatiflerine üye olan ve üye olmayan üreticilerin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri, işletme özellikleri ve tütün üretim ve pazarlama kooperatiflerinin geliştirilmesi ve yaygınlaştırılmasına katkıda bulunmak amacıyla, aynı köyde yaşayan kooperatife üye olan ve üye olmayan tütün üretimi yapan toplam 90 üretici oransal örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve yüz yüze anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; kooperatife üye olan üreticilerin; daha fazla sözleşme yaptıkları, daha fazla çiftçi kayıt sistemine dahil oldukları, sarmalık kıyılmış tütün mamullerinden alınan ÖTV oranını daha fazla bildikleri, ortak olma nedenlerinde “ürünleri yüksek fiyata satabilmenin ilk sırada yer aldığı”, kooperatifin en önemli fonksiyonunun ürün alımı olduğunu, kooperatifçilik konusunda eğitime ihtiyaç duydukları, teknik veya hukuki konularda ziraat odasından daha fazla bilgi aldıkları kooperatife üye olmayan üreticilerin ise, başka ürün yetiştirmeyi bilmedikleri için tütün üretimi yaptıklarını, kooperatiflerin daha iyi ve başarılı olması için devletin finansal yardım yapması gerektiğini, kooperatife üye olmak istememelerinin başlıca sebepleri arasında; mevcut kooperatifleri güvenilir olarak bulmadıklarını, başarılı olamayacaklarını belirtip, ancak bu sorunların çözülmesi halinde %83,8’i üye olabileceklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Kooperatif yöneticileri ve üyelerine hak ve yükümlülükleri ile kooperatif ve işletmecilik konularında belli periyodlarla eğitim faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi kooperatifçiliğin devamlılığını sağlamaya katkı sağlayacaktır.

Bu çalışma Ankara ili merkez ilçelerinde ikamet eden (Altındağ, Çankaya, Etimesgut, Gölbaşı, Keçiören, Mamak, Pursaklar, Sincan ve Yenimahalle) tüketicilerin keçi eti ve et ürünlerine karşı olan algılarını belirlemek ve bu ürünlerin tüketiminde etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla 269 tüketiciyle yüz yüze anketler gerçekleştirilerek tüketicilerin sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik özellikleri, keçi eti ve et ürünleri tüketmeye ve satın almaya yönelik davranışları incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları ki kare istatistik yöntemi ve çapraz tablo ile analiz edilmiştir. Ankete katılan tüketicilerin %82,2’sinin keçi eti ve et ürünlerini tüketmediği %17,8’inin ise tükettiği belirlenmiştir. Tüketiciler tarafından keçi eti ürünü olarak en çok kuşbaşı (%16,7) ve kıyma (%13,8) tüketildiği ve aylık keçi kuşbaşı ve keçi kıyması tüketim miktarlarının sırasıyla; 0,20 ve 0,17 kg olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan ki kare analizi sonucunda tüketicilerin demografik özellikleriyle keçi eti ve et ürünleri tüketimi arasındaki ilişkinin istatistik olarak önemli olmadığı fakat erkek, evli,18-45 yaş aralığında ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek bireylerin keçi eti tüketme eğilimlerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kurban kesme eğilimiyle keçi eti tüketimi arasındaki ilişkinin önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Keçi eti ve et ürünleri tüketici tercih ve algısının arttırılmasına yönelik yapılacak olan tanıtım çalışmalarında bu özelliklerin dikkate alınması daha etkili sonuçlar elde edilmesine neden olacaktır.

Cortical GABAergic interneurons (INs) represent a diverse population of mainly locally projecting cells that provide specialized forms of inhibition to pyramidal neurons and other INs. Most recent work on INs has focused on subtypes distinguished by expression of Parvalbumin (PV), Somatostatin (SST), or Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP). However, a fourth group that includes neurogliaform cells (NGFCs) has been less well characterized due to a lack of genetic tools. Here, we show that these INs can be accessed experimentally using intersectional genetics with the gene Id2. We find that outside of layer 1 (L1), the majority of Id2 INs are NGFCs that express high levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and exhibit a late-spiking firing pattern, with extensive local connectivity. While much sparser, non-NGFC Id2 INs had more variable properties, with most cells corresponding to a diverse group of INs that strongly expresses the neuropeptide CCK. In vivo, using silicon probe recordings, we observed several distinguishing aspects of NGFC activity, including a strong rebound in activity immediately following the cortical down state during NREM sleep. Our study provides insights into IN diversity and NGFC distribution and properties, and outlines an intersectional genetics approach for further study of this underappreciated group of INs.

Çok önemli bir hayvansal protein kaynağı olan süt, dünyada ve Türkiye’de esas olarak sığırlardan elde edilmektedir. Diğer çiftlik hayvanlarında olduğu gibi sığırlarda da iyi bir hayvan refahının sağlanamaması durumunda istenilen verim düzeyine ulaşılamamakta ve önemli ekonomik kayıplar meydana gelmektedir. Son yıllarda süt sığırı çiftliklerinin sürdürülebilir üretim yapabilmesi için sığır refahının iyi bir şekilde yönetilmesine yönelik çalışmalarla birlikte birçok ülkede hayvan refahının daha etkili yönetildiği geleneksel üretim sistemleri dışındaki diğer üretim sistemlerini uygulayan çiftliklerin sayısında da önemli artışlar gerçeklemiştir. Bu üretim sistemlerinden Türkiye’de uygulananlar İTU, GlobalGap, TR-Organik ve AB-Organik sistemleridir ve özellikle Avrupa Yeşil Antlaşması’nın yayınlanmasından ve ülkemizin Paris Antlaşması’na taraf olmasından sonra bu sistemlerin daha da gelişeceği beklenmelidir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu makalede; Türkiye’de İTU, GlobalGap ve organik kapsamda üretim yapan süt sığırcılığının mevcut durumunun analizi ile birlikte bu sistemlerde uygulanan sığır refahı standartlarının hedefleri ve etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Technological developments have accelerated the use of information and communication technologies in the agricultural sector as in all other sectors. However, there is still a lack of information in the literature on measuring the level of digital technology usage by farmers. This study will help to eliminate the lack of information on the indicators and their weights that can be used to determine the level of digitalisation of farmers. The aim of the study is to determine the indicators to be used in measuring the level of digital technology use, the sub-dimensions of these indicators, and the weights of these indicators. The constant-sum scale and expert opinions were used to determine the indicators and their weights to be used in measuring the level of digitalisation. The level of agreement of the opinions expressed by different experts about different digitalisation level indicators and their weights was revealed with the help of Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance. The study results showed that the indicators of internet access facilities, internet speed, smartphone ownership, mobile internet usage, and the ability to use office programs are important variables in measuring the level of digitalisation. The study determined eight main indicators to measure the level of digitalisation and 96 indicators under them, and their weights were put forward. By using the digitalisation indicators and their weights, it will be possible to measure the level of digitalisation in agricultural enterprises reliably.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the selected performance adaptations of amateur soccer players to 2 different running-based sprint interval training (SIT) protocols with different recovery intervals and work-rest ratios (1:5 & 1:1). Twenty-three subjects (age 21.4±1.1 years; height 175.4±4.7 cm; body mass 69±6.4 kg) participated in the study. Before the 6-weeks training period, participants completed 3-weeks of low-intensity training preparation. Subsequently, the pre-tests (anthropometric measurements, repeated sprint test [12×20-m with 30-s recovery intervals], Yo-YoIRT1 & Yo-YoIRT2 and treadmill VO2max test) were conducted. Thereafter, participants were randomly divided into 3 sub-groups (1 – SIT with 150 s recovery intervals [SIT150, n = 8]; 2 – SIT with 30 s recovery intervals [SIT30, n = 7]; and 3 – control group [CG, n = 8]). SIT150 and SIT30 training groups completed sprint interval training (2-days/week; 30-s all-out running, 6–10 repetition with 150 s recovery intervals for SIT150 and 30 s for SIT30 groups, respectively), a soccer match (1-day) and routine soccer training (3-days) per week. The CG attended only routine training sessions and the soccer-match (4-days). The study experiments and the trainings were conducted during off-season. Yo-YoIRT1, Yo-YoIRT2, and VO2max were significantly improved both in SIT30 and SIT150 (p < 0.05) groups. Yo-YoIRT1 and VO2max were also significantly improved in CG (p < 0.05). Both the SIT150 and SIT30 training were shown to improve Yo-YoIRT1, Yo-YoIRT2 and VO2max performance compared to the control group, nevertheless, SIT150 was more efficient in improving the Yo-YoIRT1, Yo-YoIRT2 than SIT30. The authors of this study suggest using SIT150 to induce more effective performance outputs in amateur soccer players.

Objectives In this large multicentre study, we compared the effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab intravenous versus subcutaneous (SC) in 109 Takayasu arteritis (TAK) patients.Methods We conducted a retrospective multicentre study in referral centres from France, Italy, Spain, Armenia, Israel, Japan, Tunisia and Russia regarding biological-targeted therapies in TAK, since January 2017 to September 2019.Results A total of 109 TAK patients received at least 3 months tocilizumab therapy and were included in this study. Among them, 91 and 18 patients received intravenous and SC tocilizumab, respectively. A complete response (NIH

Dakhla Bay is a paralic environment distinguished by various potentialities, including fishing, aquaculture, and tourism. However, the development of these human activities can lead to negative impacts on this environment, posing a threat to human health. This situation requires special attention to the environment and the implementation of a program for the protection and preservation of this ecosystem. This study aims to identify solutions to protect the marine environment from cadmium contamination by the macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis. The results of cadmium analyses in different compartments of Dakhla Bay, including bivalve molluscs, seawater, sediment, and macroalgae, indicate a difference in cadmium accumulation across the various studied compartments. The highest levels of cadmium are noted in macroalgae, with concentrations ranging from a minimum of 0.9 mg/kg fresh weight in the summer of 2019 to a maximum of approximately 2.55 mg/kg fresh weight recorded during the summer of 2022 at the Lassargua station. In comparison, bivalve molluscs such as Perna perna showed Cd levels ranging from 0.2 mg/kg to 1.4 mg/kg fresh weight at the same station. The sediment samples revealed average Cd levels ranging from 0.02 to 1.39 mg/kg dry weight in samples collected from Lassargua, while seawater concentrations were recorded at approximately 0.65 µg/L. The decontamination of cadmium by the macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis without impacting the quality of the algae has been well confirmed. Indeed, cadmium levels noted in macroalgae remain below the thresholds set by the regulations in force. In conclusion, the results of this study encourage the use of algocultures in Dakhla Bay to protect its ecosystem from various types of pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model of competition between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free organisms for a single limiting resource in a chemostat with distinct removal rates and in the presence of an external inhibitor is analyzed. This model was previously introduced in the special case where the growth rate functions and the absorption rate of the inhibitor follow the Monod kinetics and the removal rates are the same as the dilution rate. Here, we consider the general case of monotonic growth and absorption functions, and distinct removal rates. Through the three operating parameters of the model, represented by the dilution rate, the input concentrations of the substrate and the inhibitor, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and stability of all equilibria. To better understand the richness of the model's behavior with respect to those operating parameters, we determine the operating diagram theoretically and numerically. This diagram is very useful to understand the model from both the mathematical and biological points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Pregnancy and breastfeeding are associated with bone density loss. Fracture occurrence during pregnancy and post-partum, and its determinants, remain poorly known in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). The aim of this study was to characterize fractures that occurred during pregnancy and post-partum in OI patients. Results We conducted a retrospective multicentric study including a total of 50 previously pregnant OI women from 10 Bone Centers in France. Among these patients, 12 (24%) patients experienced fractures during pregnancy or in the 6 months following delivery, and 38 (76%) did not experience any fracture. The most frequent localizations were: proximal femur (25%), spine (25%), distal femur (12.5%), and pelvis (12.5%). Fractures during pregnancy occurred during the third trimester and post-partum fractures occurred with a mean delay of 2 months following delivery. No fractures occurred during childbirth. We next compared the 12 patients with pregnancy or post-partum fractures with the 38 patients without fractures. Mean age at pregnancy was 32.7 ± 3.1 years-old in the fractured group, vs 29.3 ± 5.0 years-old in the non-fractured group (p = 0.002). Breastfeeding was reported in 85.7% of patients in the fractured group, vs 47.1% in the non-fractured group (p = 0.03). All patients with post-partum fractures were breastfeeding. Bone mineral density was significantly lower in patients with pregnancy-related fractures compared with other patients: spine Z-score − 2.9 ± 1.6DS vs − 1.5 ± 1.7DS (p = 0.03), and total hip Z-score − 2.0 ± 0.7DS vs − 0.5 ± 1.4DS (p = 0.04). At least one osteoporosis-inducing risk factor or disease other than OI was identified in 81.8% vs 58.6% of fractured vs non-fractured patients (not significant). Fracture during pregnancy or post-partum was not associated with the severity of OI. Bisphosphonates before pregnancy were reported in 16.7% and 21.1% of patients with pregnancy-related fractures and non-fractured patients, respectively (not significant). Conclusions OI management during pregnancy and post-partum should aim for optimal control of modifiable osteoporosis risk factors, particularly in patients with low BMD. Breastfeeding should be avoided.

property, this most perfect and complete right of real rights, by virtue of the prerogatives that it grants to its beneficiary, usus, fructus, abusus, the latter has continued to evolve over time in France, after having been for a long time brought to a classic subjective unitary conception of the right to property, here it is mutating towards an objective modern conception of the right to property; a modal property in order to be an instrument in the service of a precise economic purpose, if necessary of fiduciary property which has undergone a doctrinal gestation to define its nature. We are going through our article to shed light on fiduciary property, does specific modal property which makes it possible to achieve a determined, finalized objective, it is a property intended for the account of others which does not cause the absence of the property to be lost.

The study investigated the relationship between short sprint performance and mechanical parameters obtained during the acceleration and deceleration tasks with the change of direction (COD) performance in female and male soccer players. The acceleration and deceleration ability were compared in the “High/Fast” versus “Low/Slow” COD performance group based on a median split analysis in each sex group. One hundred three French soccer players were assessed for the sprinting Force-Velocity (F-V) profile (i.e., theoretical maximal force [F0], velocity [V0], power [Pmax]), 10 m performance, linear deceleration test (maximal braking force [HBFmax], braking power [BPmax], deceleration [Decmax]), and COD performance using 505-test. The 10 m performance was strongly associated with 505-test performance (ES = [0.64 to 0.71]), whereas the sprinting F-V profiles parameters were weakly to moderately correlated with 505- performance (ES = [-0.47 to -0.38]). The BPmax was also moderately associated with 505-test performance (ES: range = [-0.55 to -0.46]). In addition, the High/Fast female COD group presented higher F0, Pmax, HBFmax, and BPmax than the Low/Slow group, whereas the male groups presented very few mechanical differences. Multiple regression analysis shows that the COD performance of male players was determined by 10 m performance and maximum deceleration power. In contrast, no statistically significant model could be found to determine the change of direction performance in female players. In conclusion, the current finding indicated that the only variable strongly associated with COD performance was the linear 10 m sprint time. In the same way, the mechanical parameters obtained from acceleration and deceleration seemed to play a non-neglectable role in this population.

Objectives To assess the tolerance and efficacy of targeted therapies prescribed off-label in refractory low-prevalence autoimmune and inflammatory systemic diseases.Methods The TATA registry (TArgeted Therapy in Autoimmune Diseases) is a prospective, observational, national and independent cohort follow-up. The inclusion criteria in the registry are as follows: age >18 years; low-prevalence autoimmune and inflammatory systemic disease treated with off-label drugs started after 1 January 2019.Results Hundred (100) patients (79 women) were enrolled. The median age was 52.5 years (95% CI 49 to 56) and the median disease duration before enrolment was 5 years (3 to 7). The targeted therapies at enrolment were as follows: Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription inhibitors (44%), anti-interleukin (IL)-6R (22%), anti-IL-12/23, anti-IL-23 and anti-IL-17 (9%), anti-B cell activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family (5%), abatacept (5%), other targeted treatments (9%) and combination of targeted treatments (6%). 73% of patients were receiving corticosteroid therapy at enrolment (median dose 10 mg/day). The current median follow-up time is 9 months (8 to 10).Safety: 11 serious infections (incidence rate of 14.8/100 patient-years) and 1 cancer (1.3 cancers/100 patient-years) were observed. Two patients died from severe COVID-19 (2.7 deaths/100 patient-years).Efficacy: the targeted treatment was considered effective by the clinician in 56% of patients and allowed, in responders, a median reduction of oral corticosteroids of 15 (9 to 21) mg/day, below 7.5 mg/day in 76% of patients, while 28% discontinued.Conclusion These initial results of the TATA registry confirm the diversity of targeted treatments prescribed off-label in refractory autoimmune diseases and their corticosteroid-sparing effect when effective. Tolerance was acceptable in these refractory patients with a long history of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.

This study aims to reveal the impact of exchange rate volatility on agricultural exports of Turkey by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model. While quarterly time series data covering period of 2001: Q1 to 2018: Q4 were used to carry out analyses, Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (1.1) is used to acquire exchange rate volatility series. The research findings showed that agricultural export is cointegrated with exchange rate volatility, producer price index and real effective exchange rate. Furthermore, our findings indicate that increases in real effective exchange rate have a statistically significant positive influence on the export volume whereas exchange rate volatility has negative impact on it.