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Cephalocyclus iohannisgabrielis Dellacasa & Arriaga-Jiménez, new species Figs. 1‒5. Type locality. Mexico: Oaxaca: Municipio San Esteban Atatlahuca, Mixteca, Cerro del Aguila environs, 17°07’49.2”N, 97°39’50.1”W, 3219 m (Fig 7). Holotype repository. Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Description. Length 7.0‒9.0 mm (holotype length: 8.0 mm); elongate, moderately convex, head and pronotum weakly shiny, elytra dull; elytra with short pubescence on preapical declivity and sides. Head and pronotum piceous, elytra brownish piceous (Figs. 1–2, 5); clypeal margin and pronotal sides testaceous, legs yellowish brown, antennal club brownish testaceous. Head with epistome feebly gibbous on disc, finely irregularly punctate, punctures coarser and denser laterally, punctures on sides with short setae (50 x); clypeus feeble emarginate, broadly round at sides, thickly bordered, edge upturned, with sparse elongate setae laterally; genae strongly protruding from the eyes, acutely angulate, posteriorly truncate, with elongate sparse setae; frontal suture faint, not tuberculate; frons with sparse irregular punctures. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, flattened at sides, superficially microreticulate, weakly shiny, with trace of longitudinal medio-basal impression, simply, somewhat irregularly punctate, punctation denser on sides where punctures have short setae (50x); lateral margins weakly arcuate, thickly bordered, edge with sparse short setae; hind angles obtusely rounded; base bisinuate, not bordered. Scutellum small, triangular, sparsely punctate in the basal third. Elytra feebly widened posteriorly; shoulder not denticulate; epipleural margin with elongate setae; striae rather deeply punctate, subcrenulate; interstriae nearly flat, strongly microreticulate, dull, distinctly punctate, punctures almost aligned along striae. Protibiae distally tridentate and proximally serrulate at outer margin; upper surface smooth, lacking punctures. Mesotibiae and metatibiae with strong transverse carinae on outer face, apically fimbriate with spinules elongate and irregularly unequal. Metatibiae superior spur a little longer than first metatarsomere; latter shorter than following three metatarsomeres combined. Claws strong. Abdominal sternites dull, sparsely punctate, punctures setigerous. Pygidium sparsely punctate, punctures granulose apically, setigerous; apical margin finely, densely and elongately ciliate. Epipharynx (Fig. 3) transverse; anterior margin nearly straight; lateral margins strongly rounded; epitorma conical, at each side with a longitudinal row of stout spines; corypha slightly protruding beyond front margin, with apical clump of stout and elongate celtes; pedia densely pubescent with several short, stout, scattered spines; chaetopariae moderately dense and moderately elongate. Sexual dimorphism. Male: head relatively more transverse; genae relatively more angulate and more strongly protruding from the eyes; pronotum relatively more transverse and less convex, somewhat more sparsely punctate on disc; protibial spur abruptly bent downward, stout and apically truncate; metasternal plate flattened, with a median longitudinal groove, coarsely punctate; aedeagus with parameres rather short, abruptly curved and acute apically in lateral view (Fig. 4). Female: head relatively narrower; genae relatively less angulate and less strongly protruding from the eyes; pronotum narrowed anteriorly, more distinctly convex, more coarsely densely punctate on disc; protibial spur anteriorly directed, slender and regularly acuminate; metasternal plate almost regularly convex, without median longitudinal groove, sparsely superficially punctate. Type material. Holotype male, allotype female, and 275 paratypes. Mexico: Oaxaca: “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’46.0”N- 097°39’49.7”W, m 3229, 19.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (10 paratypes: 4 DCGI, 6 MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’46.0”N- 097°39’49.7”W, m 3229, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (7 paratypes: 4 DCGI, 3 IEXA); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’46.0”N- 097°39’49.7”W, m 3229, 20.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’46.0”N- 097°39’49.7”W, m 3229, 23.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (4 paratypes: 2 DCGI, 2 FSCA); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’44.3”N- 097°39’50.2”W, m 3217, 19.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (2 paratypes: MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’44.3”N- 097°39’50.2”W, m 3217, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (13 paratypes: 3 CMNC, 3 DCGI, 3 FSCA, 3 IEXA, 1 MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’44.3”N- 097°39’50.2”W, m 3217, 20.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (2 paratypes: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’44.3”N- 097°39’50.2”W, m 3217, 27.VIII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: IEXA); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’44.3”N- 097°39’50.2”W, m 3217, 28.VIII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.4”N- 097°39’43.2”W, m 3232, 20.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.4”N- 097°39’43.2”W, m 3232, 23.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (3 paratypes: MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’43.9”N- 097°39’48.3”W, m 3236, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (5 paratypes: 1 CMNC, 4 MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’43.9”N- 097°39’48.3”W, m 3236, 23.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (4 paratypes: 2 DCGI, 2 MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.8”N- 097°39’48.3”W, m 3242, 23.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.8”N- 097°39’48.3”W, m 3242, 29.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (3 paratypes: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’33.3”N- 097°40’53.6”W, m 3168, 19.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’33.3”N- 097°40’53.6”W, m 3168, 20.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’33.3”N- 097°40’53.6”W, m 3168, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (8 paratypes: 2 CMNC, 3 DCGI, 2 FSCA, 1 IEXA); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’33.3”N- 097°40’53.6”W, m 3168, 27.VIII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’51.2”N- 097°39’50.5”W, m 3234, 19.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (2 paratypes: MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’51.2”N- 097°39’50.5”W, m 3234, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (42 paratypes: 9 CMNC, 9 DCGI, 9 FSCA, 9 IEXA, 6 MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’51.2”N- 097°39’50.5”W, m 3234, 20.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (5 paratypes: 3 DCGI, 2 IEXA); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’51.2”N- 097°39’50.5”W, m 3234, 21.VIII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’51.2”N- 097°39’50.5”W, m 3234, 29.VIII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (2 paratypes: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’49.2”N- 097°39’50.1”W, m 3219, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 male, holotype: IEXA; 1 female, allotype: IEXA; 42 paratypes: 9 CMNC, 9 DCGI, 9 FSCA, 9 IEXA, 6 MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’31.8”N- 097°40’52.0”W, m 3158, 19.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: DCGI); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.0”N- 097°39’46.7”W, m 3241, 20.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: MSNC); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.0”N- 097°39’46.7”W, m 3241, 23.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (2 paratypes: IEXA); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’47.8”N- 097°39’49.2”W, m 3222, 13.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (2 paratypes: IEXA); “ Cerro del Aguila env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’33.6”N- 097°40’54.4”W, m 3165, 19.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (22 paratypes: 4 CMNC, 6 DCGI, 6 FSCA, 3 IEXA, 3 MSNC); “Ndoyocoyo env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°06’21.2”N- 097°42’17.8”W, m 2838, 23.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (4 paratypes: DCGI); “San Esteban Atatlahuca env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’25.3”N- 097°40’29.0”W, m 3154, 17.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (3 paratypes: MSNC); “San Esteban Atatlahuca env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.4”N- 097°39’43.2”W, m 3232, 19.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: DCGI); “San Esteban Atatlahuca env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.4”N- 097°39’43.2”W, m 3232, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (50 paratypes: 9 CMNC, 14 DCGI, 9 FSCA, 9 IEXA, 9 MSNC); “San Esteban Atatlahuca env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.0”N- 097°39’46.7”W, m 3241, 19.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (2 paratypes: DCGI); “San Esteban Atatlahuca env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’41.8”N- 097°39’48.3”W, m 3242, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (7 paratypes: 1 DCGI, 3 IEXA, 3 MSNC); “San Esteban Atatlahuca env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°07’40.2”N- 097°39’44.9”W, m 3229, 21.VI.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (16 paratypes: 3 CMNC, 3 DCGI, 3 FSCA, 4 IEXA, 3 MSNC); “San Esteban Atatlahuca env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. San Esteban Atatlahuca, 17°05’44.9”N- 097°39’34.5”W, m 2504, 27.VIII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: MSNC); “Santa Cruz Nundaco env., Mixteca, M[unici]pio. Santa Cruz Nundaco, 17°07’50.6”N- 097°42’29.5”W, m 2845, 19.VII.2018, leg. Arriaga A., coprotrampa” (1 paratype: MSNC). Distribution. Oaxaca, Mexico. Etymology. Named in honor of Giovanni Gabriele, the son of Marco Dellacasa. Bionomics. Specimens of the type series were collected from the second half of June to the end of August in pitfall traps baited with human excrement. Together with C. iohannisgabrielis, the following species were collected in the same localities, similar habitats and elevations: Pseudogonaphodiellus zdzislawae Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini), Geotrupes (Onthotrupes) sallei Jekel, 1861 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Geotrupinae: Geotrupini), Onthophagus chevrolati Bates, 1889, O. oaxacanus Zunino & Halffter, 1988, and O. howdenorum Zunino & Halffter, 1988 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Onthophagini). During the collections in the southern mountains of Oaxaca (Mixteca and Sierra Sur), C. iohannisgabrielis was only collected in the Mixteca, while another species of Cephalocyclus, C. mexicanus (Harold, 1862) was only collected in Sierra Sur. In these Oaxacan mountains this particular distribution of two closely related species from high altitudes in different massifs has been observed in Geotrupes (Kohlmann et al. 2018). As Kohlmann et al. (2018) proposed for Geotrupes, it is also possible that each mountain has its own Cephalocyclus species. Cephalocyclus iohannisgabrielis is similar to C. pullatus, but can be distinguished from that species by the metatibiae superior spur longer than the first metatarsomere (shorter in C. pullatus), by the basal elytral margin being pubescent only at the shoulder (pubescent nearly to the scutellum in C. pullatus), and by the body length (7.0‒9.0 mm in C. iohannisgabrielis and 4.5‒5.0 mm in C. pullatus).

The Mediterranean Red List assessment is a review of the regional conservation status of approximately 6,000 species (amphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds, fishes, butterflies, dragonflies, beetles, corals and plants) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the regional level to guide appropriate conservation actions for improving their status. This report summarises the results for Mediterranean dung beetles. All the dung beetles that are endemic or nearly endemic to the Mediterranean region – 200 species – are included. The geographical scope is the Mediterranean region according to the Mediterranean Basin Biodiversity Hotspot (Mittermeier et al., 2004), with the exception of the Macaronesian islands, which have not been included in this study. Of the 644 species of dung beetles inhabiting the Mediterranean region, 200 (32%) have at least 75% of their distribution range within the borders of the region. The other 444 species, which occur over a wider area, were excluded from this assessment. Of the 200 species analysed, 150 are considered endemic as they cannot be found anywhere else in the world. The work presented in this report was coordinated by the IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation and the IUCN Species Programme (Red List Unit). This project was funded by the MAVA Foundation with the contribution from the Spanish Ministry of Environment and the Junta de Andalucía.

Geomyphilus russeus (Brown, 1928) (Fig. 41–45) Aphodius (Platyderides) russeus Brown, 1928: 14; Dellacasa 1988: 252. Aphodius russeus; Ratcliffe 1991: 56. Geomyphilus russeus; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 408. Type locality. Payne Co., Oklahoma [U.S.A.]. Type repository. Canadian National Collection. Ottawa (type not examined). Redescription. Length 6.0– 7.5 mm; oblong, moderately convex. shiny, glabrous. Pale reddish brown, head and pronotum slightly darker. Head with epistome gibbous on disc, finely punctured, rather coarsely closely, evenly punctured distally; clypeus broadly sinuate at middle, round at sides, very thinly bordered, edge upturned, glabrous; genae obtusely angulate, sparsely rather shortly ciliate, strongly protruding from the eyes; frontal suture finely impressed, faintly trigibbous; front coarsely densely evenly punctured throughout. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, narrowly explanate toward anterior angles, dually punctured and with a posteromedian longitudinal areola impunctate; large punctures, three to four times larger than small, irregularly scattered, sparser on disc, denser on sides but absent on anteromedian discal area; small punctures rather irregularly sparse throughout but evenly dense at middle of anterior third; lateral margins almost straight, rather thinly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtuse; base evenly arcuate, very thinly bordered. Scutellum flat, distinctly punctured basally. Elytra oval elongate, feebly broadened posteriorly, alutaceous on preapical declivity, finely striate; striae closely not deeply punctured, faintly crenulate; interstriae flat, finely, barely perceptibly punctate. Hind tibiae upper spur as long as first tarsal segment; latter almost as long as following three segments combined. Male: fore tibiae spur thickened and abruptly bent downward toward apex; inferior spur of middle tibiae very short, apically truncate; aedeagus Fig. 44–45. Female: fore tibiae spur slender and feebly bent downward; inferior spur of middle tibiae moderately elongate but slender and acuminate. Material examined. U.S.A.: New Mexico: Raven Flats, Bernalillo Co., 7627 ft, UTM 13S 37.98306E 38.74097N, 08.XI.2010, leg. J. M. Rowland, under dead gopher in tunnel (2 exx., DCGI). Distribution. U.S.A. (Arizona, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota). Biology. July to October widespread species rodent burrows associate. Sometimes it has been collected in burrows of Geomys bursarius., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Skelley, Paul E. & Gordon, Robert D., 2017, Systematic revision of the species of Geomyphilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of Mexico and neighboring countries with description of a new Mexican species, pp. 1-19 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (590) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169501, {"references":["Brown, W. J. 1928. The subgenus Platyderides in North America. Canadian Entomologist 60: 10 - 21.","Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 66 [1987]: 1 - 455.","Ratcliffe, B. C. 1991. The scarab beetles of Nebraska. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 12: 1 - 333.","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1 - 580."]}

Geomyphilus essigi (Saylor, 1935) (Fig. 11–15) Aphodius essigi Saylor, 1935: 134. Aphodius (Nobius?) essigi; Dellacasa 1988: 351. Geomyphilus essigi; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 404. Type locality. Somma Co., California [U.S.A.]. Type repository. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, U.S.A. (type not examined). Redescription. Length 4.0– 4.5 mm; oblong, convex, moderately shiny, glabrous. Head distally, pronotum sides and legs reddish brown; elytra dark yellowish brown; antennal club rufo-piceous. Head with epistome feebly convex on disc, somewhat depressed medially toward clypeal margin, finely, not closely, regularly punctured; clypeus sinuate at middle, round at sides, thinly bordered, edge feebly upturned, glabrous; genae obtusely round, sparsely ciliate, protruding from the eyes; frontal suture slightly tuberculate at least medially; front finely, rather densely, regularly punctured. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, dually punctured; large punctures, five to six times larger than small, irregularly scattered throughout; small fine punctures, not densely, somewhat regularly sparse all over; lateral margins feebly arcuate, distinctly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtusely round; base slightly bisinuate, distinctly bordered. Scutellum flat, coarsely punctured on basal half. Elytra elongate, almost parallel-sided, rather deeply striate; striae coarsely, not closely punctured, crenulate, interstriae moderately convex, finely irregularly punctured. Hind tibiae upper spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter as long as following three segments combined. Male: frontal suture with feeble median tubercle; inferior spur of middle tibiae stout, short and apically subtruncate; aedeagus Fig. 14–15. Possibly in female the fore tibiae spur may be slender, almost straight and regularly acuminate. Material examined. U.S.A.: California: Danville, Contra Costa Co., 07–24.IV.1952, leg. F. X. Williams, ex gopher nests (1 ex., GCWC)., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Skelley, Paul E. & Gordon, Robert D., 2017, Systematic revision of the species of Geomyphilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of Mexico and neighboring countries with description of a new Mexican species, pp. 1-19 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (590) on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169501, {"references":["Saylor, L. W. 1935. A new genus and two new species of Coleoptera from California. Pan-pacific En- tomologist 1: 132 - 134.","Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 66 [1987]: 1 - 455.","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1 - 580."]}

Geomyphilus ungulatus (Fall, 1901) (Fig. 51–55) Aphodius ungulatus Fall, 1901: 254; Schmidt 1922: 336 (subgenere incerto). Aphodius (Chilothorax) ungulatus; Dellacasa 1988: 212. Geomyphilus ungulatus; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 411 (lectotype designation). Type locality. Pasadena, California [U.S.A.]. Type repository. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Harvard University, Cambridge. MA (U.S.A.) (type not examined). Redescription. Length 5.0–6.0 mm; oblong, moderately convex, moderately shiny, glabrous. Head and pronotum piceous; clypeal margin and pronotal sides shadowy reddish; elytra dirty yellow with a lateral fuscous shade widened from shoulder to beyond the middle; legs pale brown; antennal club fuscous. Head with epistome feebly convex, rather evenly, moderately punctured; punctation distally almost granulo-rugose, finer and sparser on disc; clypeus broadly sinuate at middle, distinctly angulate at sides, thinly bordered, edge slightly reflexed, finely and sparsely fimbriate laterally; genae obtusely round, elongately ciliate, protruding from the eyes; frontal suture obsolete; front moderately evenly punctured. Pronotum transverse, feebly depressed near hind angles, dually punctured; large punctures, three times larger than small ones, close and coarse on sides, lacking on disc; small punctures dense and deeper on sides, sparse and superficial on disc; lateral margins slightly arcuate, thinly bordered, edge sparsely shortly fimbriate; hind angles obtuse; base almost regularly arcuate, thickly bordered toward hind angles, thinly bordered medially. Scutellum flat, coarsely densely punctured on basal half. Elytra oval, scarcely broader posteriorly, finely striate; striae superficially not closely punctured, subcrenulate; interstriae almost flat, strongly alutaceous on preapical declivity, finely irregularly punctured. Hind tibiae upper spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter as long as following two segments combined. All claws very slender and exceptionally elongate. Male: head and pronotum relatively less convex and less coarsely punctured; aedeagus Fig. 54–55. Female: head and pronotum relatively more convex and more coarsely punctured. Material examined. U.S.A.: California: Cypress Co., 22.XI.1930, leg. A. C. Davis, hole of Citellus (1 ex., DCGI); Rt. 71 16.22 mi. fr. San Bernardino County line, Riverside Co., 03.X.1972, leg. J. Saulnier, refuge chamber of Thomomys bottae (8 exx., DCGI). Distribution. U.S.A. (California). Biology. Apparently a rodent associate species, collected from November to February., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Skelley, Paul E. & Gordon, Robert D., 2017, Systematic revision of the species of Geomyphilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of Mexico and neighboring countries with description of a new Mexican species, pp. 1-19 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (590) on pages 11-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169501, {"references":["Fall, H. C. 1901. List of the Coleoptera of Southern California, with notes on habits and distribution and descriptions of new species. Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences 8: 1 - 282.","Schmidt, A. 1922. Coleoptera Aphodiinae. Das Tierreich Vol. 45. Walter de Gruyter and Co.; Berlin und Leipzig. 614 p.","Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 66 [1987]: 1 - 455.","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1 - 580."]}

Geomyphilus geronimo Gordon and Skelley, 2007 (Fig. 16–20) Geomyphilus geronimo Gordon and Skelley, 2007: 405. Type locality. 8 mi. SE of Portal State line Rd. at Portal Rd., 4400 ft., Cochise Co., Arizona [U.S.A.]. Type repository. Florida State Collection of Arthropods. Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. (holotype examined). Redescription. Length 4.5–5.0 mm; oval elongate, convex, weakly shiny, almost glabrous. Yellowish brown; head, pronotum and elytral suture reddish brown; legs yellowish; antennal club testaceous. Head with epistome weakly gibbous on disc, moderately depressed medially toward clypeal margin, densely coarsely evenly punctured on disc, punctation confusedly rugose distally; clypeus rather deeply sinuate at middle, round at sides, finely bordered, edge upturned, extremely shortly sparsely bristled; genae obtusely round, sparsely elongately ciliate, protruding from the eyes; frontal suture finely impressed, somewhat gibbous laterally and medially; front coarsely densely almost evenly punctured. Pronotum transverse, convex, slightly alutaceous, somewhat depressed laterally near posterior angles, irregularly densely punctured; punctures larger on sides, contiguous in posterior depression, becoming smaller and more superficial on disc; lateral margins feebly arcuate, rather thickly bordered, edge shortly sparsely ciliate; hind angles obtusely round; basal margin evenly arcuate, distinctly bordered. Scutellum coarsely irregularly punctured on basal half. Elytra almost parallel-sided, strongly convex, slightly alutaceous thus moderately shiny; striae fine, distinctly punctured, feebly crenulate; interstriae weakly convex, densely finely irregularly punctured, sparsely extremely shortly haired on preapical declivity. Hind tibiae upper spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter shorter than following three segments combined. Male: fore tibiae spur thickened, sinuately elongate, abruptly downward bent; inferior spur of middle tibiae short, strong, apically truncate and with a small inner tooth; aedeagus Fig. 19–20. Female: fore tibiae spur not thickened and almost straight; inferior spur of middle tibiae regularly elongate, slender and apically acuminate. Material examined. U.S.A.: Arizona: 8 mi. SE of Portal State Line Road at Portal, Cochise Co., 4400 ft, 12.VIII.1979, leg. J. Saulnier, decomposition duff of banner-tailed k[angaroo] rat Dipodomys spectabilis (holotype male and allotype, FSCA)., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Skelley, Paul E. & Gordon, Robert D., 2017, Systematic revision of the species of Geomyphilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of Mexico and neighboring countries with description of a new Mexican species, pp. 1-19 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (590) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169501, {"references":["Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1 - 580."]}

Geomyphilus insolitus (Brown, 1928) (Fig. 21–25) Aphodius (Platyderides) insolitus Brown, 1928: 18; Dellacasa 1988: 314. Geomyphilus insolitus; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 399. Type locality. Payne Co., Oklahoma [U.S.A.]. Type repository. Canadian National Collection. Ottawa (type not examined). Redescription. Length 4.5–6.0 mm; elongate-oblong, moderately convex, shiny, glabrous. Pale reddish brown; head posteriorly and pronotal disc more or less widely brownish; legs and antennal club pale reddish brown. Head with epistome moderately convex on disc, toward clypeal margin sparsely minutely granulate; finely, rather closely and somewhat irregularly punctured postero-medially; clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, obtusely round at sides, lateral margins arcuate, thinly bordered, edge reflexed and glabrous; genae broadly round, ciliate, not protruding from the eyes; front rather finely, irregularly punctured. Pronotum moderately convex, shallowly depressed near posterior angles, dually punctured; large coarse punctures, ten times or more larger than small, irregularly scattered throughout, denser near hind angles, closer on sides, sparser on disc; small, very fine punctures not closely, evenly sparse throughout; anterior angles broadly round; lateral margins rather subparallel toward base and slightly inwardly sinuate before hind angles, thinly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtusely round, base regularly arcuate, finely bordered. Scutellum distinctly punctured on basal half. Elytra slightly broader posteriorly; striae fine, rather closely punctured, subcrenulate; interstriae almost flat, very finely and sparsely punctured. Hind tibiae upper spur somewhat shorter than first tarsal segment; latter as long as following three segments combined. Male: pronotum relatively less convex, more transverse, more sparsely punctured; fore tibiae spur stout; inferior spur of middle tibiae shortened and obliquely truncate apically; aedeagus Fig. 24–25. Female: pronotum relatively more convex, less transverse, more densely punctured; fore tibiae spur slender; middle tibiae inferior spur acuminate. Material examined. U.S.A.: Illinois: 4 mi. NW of Hopkins Pk., Kankakee Co., 29.IV.1948, leg H. F. Dybas & R. F. Inger, ex a fecal chamber of Geomys bursarius illinoensis (1 ex., DCGI); Hopkins Park, Kankakee Co., reared from larvae collected ex fecal chamber of Geomys bursarius illinoensis, adults emerged on 25.V.1951; leg. H. F. Dybas & R. F. Inger (2 exx., DCGI); Indiana: 3 mi. S. jct. Hwy 10 & Sr. 55, on Sr. 55, Newton Co., 29.IX–08.XII.1991, leg. P. Kovarik, Geomys burrow pitfall (1 ex., DCGI); Oklahoma: vcty. Wilburton, Latimer Co., 19-21.XII.1991, leg. K. Stephan & P. Skelley (206 exx., DCGI)., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Skelley, Paul E. & Gordon, Robert D., 2017, Systematic revision of the species of Geomyphilus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) of Mexico and neighboring countries with description of a new Mexican species, pp. 1-19 in Insecta Mundi 2017 (590) on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5169501, {"references":["Brown, W. J. 1928. The subgenus Platyderides in North America. Canadian Entomologist 60: 10 - 21.","Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 66 [1987]: 1 - 455.","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1 - 580."]}

Phaeaphodius tauricola (Hrubant, 1961) (Figs. 63–67) Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) tauricola Hrubant, 1961: 97; Ahrens 1997: 55; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Phaeaphodius tauricola: Ziani & Moradi Gharakhloo 2011: 61. Type locality. Berendi/Ereğli, 2000 m, Toros, Anatolia [Turkey, Vilayet Konya]. Type repository. Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde. Dresden (holotype examined). Redescription. Length 4.5–5.0 mm; oblong elongate, moderately convex, shiny, glabrous. Dorsal surface piceous black; elytral suture paler, legs dark brown; antennal club black. Head with epistome feebly gibbous and almost smooth on disc, distally coarsely, irregularly, sparsely punctate; clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, round on sides, with thick border, edge glabrous; genae round, setose, feebly protruding from the eyes; frontal suture obsolete; front sparsely, evenly punctate. Pronotum transverse, convex, irregularly punctate; with large punctures four to five times larger than small punctures, punctures somewhat denser on sides; fine small punctures evenly scattered throughout, more superficial and sparser on disc; lateral margins subparallel, thickly bordered, edge sparsely setose; hind angles widely truncate; base with a thin border crenulated by a belt of medium-size, coarse punctures and interrupted toward hind angles. Scutellum triangular, flat, with few sparse and superficial punctures on basal third. Elytra moderately convex, feebly widened apically, rather deeply striate; striae almost superficially punctate, subcrenulate; interstriae flat, superficially microreticulate and finely, sparsely punctate. Metatibiae superior spur as long as first metatarsomere; first metatarsomere as long as following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: head and pronotum more transverse, more sparsely and less coarsely punctate; protibiae spur stouter, downward bent and feebly hooked apically; aedeagus Figs. 64–65. Female: head and pronotum narrower apically, more densely and coarsely punctate; protibiae spur slender and nearly straight. Distribution. Armenia (Sevan, Ghegarkunik region), Iran (Saqqez, Kordostan region), Turkey. Material examined. TURKEY : Vil. Ankara, Işık Dağı Geçidi, 1600 m, 6.VI.1992, A. Ballerio leg. (1 specimen, DCG); Vilayet Artvin, Çam Geçidi, 2600 m, 17.VI.1992, A. Ballerio leg. (3 specimens, DCG); Vilayet Erzurum, Kireçli Geçidi, 3.V.1992, E., G. & M. Dellacasa leg. (1 specimen, DCG); Vilayet Erzurum, Kireçli Geçidi, 5.V.1992, E., G. & M. Dellacasa leg. (1 specimen, DCG); Vilayet Erzurum, Ovacık, 1.VI.1991, E. & G. Dellacasa leg. (1 specimen, DCG); Vilayet Erzurum, Toprakkale, 6.V.1992, E., G. & M. Dellacasa leg. (1 specimen, DCG); Vilayet Kayseri, Erciyes Dağı, m 2200, 10.VI.1992, A. Ballerio leg. (4 specimens, DCG); Vilayet Konya, Berendi / Ereğli, 2000 m, Toros, Anatolia, M. Muche leg. (holotype male and 7 paratypes, MTD). Bionomics. Rare coprophagous species; most specimens examined were collected in cow dung in spring., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Hrubant, M. (1961) Eine neue Art der Gattung Aphodius Ill. Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 26, 97 - 100.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Ziani, S. & Moradi Gharakhloo, M. (2011) Further records of Scarabaeoidea found inside burrows of rodents in Iran (Coleoptera). Fragmenta entomologica, 43, 57 - 74."]}

Phaeaphodius novikovi (Kabakov, 1998) (Figs. 29–33) Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) novikovi Kabakov, 1998: 6; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Phaeaphodius novikovi: Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2016: 144. Type locality. Okr. s. Gajdary, Zmievskoj r-n, Khar’kovskaya oblast [Ukraine]. Type repository. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science. Saint Petersburg, Russia (paratype examined). Redescription. Length 5.0– 6.5 mm; elongate, convex, shiny, glabrous. Dorsal surface black; legs and antennal club piceous. Head with epistome moderately convex and irregularly punctate with a few coarse, distant punctures on disc, distally punctation denser and coarser; clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, round on sides, thinly bordered, edge moderately upturned, glabrous; genae round, sparsely setose, feebly protruding from the eyes; frontal suture obsolete; front finely, evenly punctate. Pronotum widely transverse, convex, dually punctate; large somewhat irregular punctures six to seven times larger than small punctures, denser on sides and sparsely scattered on disc; small punctures distant, evenly scattered throughout; lateral margins almost parallel, thickly bordered, edge sparsely setose; hind angles distinctly truncate; basal margin entirely bordered; border crenulate by coarse, distant punctures mostly toward hind angles. Scutellum ogival; sparsely, finely, somewhat irregularly punctate on basal half. Elytra subparallel sided, very convex; striae moderately deep, subcrenulate; interstriae flat, almost imperceptibly sparsely punctate. Metatibiae superior spur as long as first metatarsomere; latter as long as following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: pronotum much more transverse, less densely and less coarsely punctate; protibiae spur stouter, downward bent and feebly hooked apically; aedeagus Figs. 32–33. Female: pronotum narrower apically, more coarsely and more densely punctate; protibiae spur slender, somewhat outward curved, not hooked apically. Distribution. Russia, Ukraine. Material examined. RUSSIA : Ulyanovskaya Obl., Radishevskij r-n., s. Vyazovka, 30.V.1996, A. Yu. Isaev leg. (l specimen, DCG); UKRAINE : Donetskaya Oblasty, Telmanovskij, Samsonovo z.-k., “ Khomutovskaya Step ”, 07.V.1995, V. V. Martynov leg. (1 specimen, paratype, DCG). Bionomics. Unknown., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on page 153, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Kabakov, O. N. (1998) Obzor podroda Phaeaphodius Reitt. i gruppy vidov Aphodius zangi A. Schm. Rossii, Ukrainy i sopredelnykh stran. Izvestiya Kharkovskogo Entomologicheskogo Obshestva, 6, 5 - 11.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2016) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden; Boston, pp. 98 - 155."]}

Phaeaphodius pupillus (Balthasar, 1961) (Figs. 39–43) Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) pupillus Balthasar, 1961: 361; Balthasar 1964: 284; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Phaeaphodius pupillus: Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2016: 144. Type locality. Kandahar-Kuna, 950 m, Afghanistan. Type repository. Zoological Institute and Museum Akexander König. Bonn, Germany (paratype examined). Redescription. Length 4.0– 4.5 mm; subcylindrical, strongly convex, shiny, glabrous. Head and pronotum piceous, clypeal margin and anterior angles of pronotum shadowy red; elytra reddish brown; legs dark testaceous; antennal club pale testaceous. Head with epistoma convex and sparsely subregularly punctate on disc; distally densely, unequally, subrugosely punctate; anteriorly feebly carinate and abruptly depressed toward clypeal margin. Clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, round on sides, thinly bordered, edge glabrous and faintly upturned; genae widely round, sparsely setose, protruding from the eyes; frontal suture distinctly impressed with vestiges of tubercles; front irregularly, distantly punctate. Pronotum moderately transverse, strongly convex, dually punctate; large punctures five to six times larger than small punctures, very sparse and irregularly scattered, a little denser on sides, lacking on disc; small punctures distant and rather sparsely distributed; sides feebly arcuate, rather thinly bordered, edge sparsely setose; hind angles distinctly truncate, truncation somewhat inwardly sinuate; base finely but distinctly entirely bordered. Scutellum trinagularly elongate, flat, coarsely punctate on basal half. Elytra elongate, feebly widened posteriorly, finely striate; striae feebly impressed, superficially punctate, weakly crenulate; interstriae flat, nearly imperceptibly sparsely punctate. Metatibiae superior spur slightly longer than first metatarsomere; latter somewhat shorter than following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: protibiae spur shorter, stouter, and downward abruptly bent; frontal suture feebly tuberculate at middle; pronotum more transverse, less densely punctate; metasternal plate feebly excavate but distinctly grooved medially and somewhat sparsely punctate; aedeagus Figs. 42–43. Female: protibiae spur slender, more elongate and nearly straight; pronotum somewhat narrower apically; metasternal plate almost flat, faintly grooved and sparsely punctate. Distribution. Afghanistan, Uzbekistan. Material examined. AFGHANISTAN : Kandahar-Kuna, 950 m, 21.II.1953, Klapperich J. leg. (2 specimens, paratypes, MNHN); UZBEKISTAN : Buchara, Collection Reitter (1 specimen, MNHN). Bionomics. Unknown. Remarks. It is possible that this species is a junior synonym of P. dauricus but, due to the limited material at our disposal, it is maintained as a valid species., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on pages 155-156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Balthasar, V. (1961) Neue Arten der Gattung Aphodius Ill. aus der palaearktischen Region. 102. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden, Coleoptera. Acta entomologica Musei nationalis Pragae, 34 (588), 359 - 381.","Balthasar, V. (1964) Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera Lamellicornia. Band 3. Aphodiidae. Verlag der Tschechoslowakische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prague, 652 pp.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2016) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden; Boston, pp. 98 - 155."]}

Phaeaphodius dauricus (Harold, 1863) (Figs. 6–12) Aphodius dauricus Harold, 1863: 337. Aphodius aeger Sharp, 1878: 170; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus). Aphodius (Melinopterus) semiluteus Reitter, 1887: 225; Reitter 1906: 439 (as synonym of Aphodius acutangulus). Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) albociliatus Reitter, 1892: 206. Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) acutangulus Reitter, 1892: 206; Schmidt 1913: 153 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus; unverified synonymy: type not found). Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) truncatangulus Reitter, 1894: 186; Schmidt 1913: 154 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus albociliatus Reitter, 1892); Schmidt 1922: 210 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus albociliatus Reitter, 1892); Balthasar 1964: 285 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus albociliatus Reitter, 1892); Dellacasa 1988: 85 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus albociliatus Reitter, 1892); Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus Harold, 1863). Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) alleoni d'Orbigny, 1896: 149; Schmidt 1913: 153 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus Harold, 1863); Dellacasa 1988: 85 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus Harold, 1863); Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus Harold, 1863). Aphodius (Erytus) [sic!] alleoni: Schmidt, 1922: 210 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus Harold, 1863). Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) dauricus: Schmidt 1913: 153; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) dauricus var. semiluteus: Schmidt 1913: 153. Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) dauricus var. albociliatus: Schmidt 1913: 153. Aphodius (Aphodius) aeger: Schmidt 1913: 161; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus). Aphodius margianus Semenov and Medvedev, 1928: 102; Lebedev 1932: 58. Aphodius (Mendidius) margianus: Nikolajev 1979: 40 (as synonym of Aphodius dauricus). Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) dauricus ab. semiluteus: Balthasar 1964: 285. Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) dauricus ab. albociliatus: Balthasar 1964: 285. Phaeaphodius dauricus: Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2016: 144. Type locality. Daurien, Sibirien [Russia]. Type repository. Aphodius dauricus: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (type not found); Aphodius aeger: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; Aphodius semiluteus: unknown to authors; Aphodius albociliatus: unknown to authors; Aphodius acutangulus: unknown to authors; Aphodius margianus: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Aphodius truncatangulus: Magyar Természettudomàny Muzéum, Budapest, Hungary; Aphodius alleoni: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. Redescription. Length 5.0–6.0 mm; elongate, almost subcylindrical, shiny, glabrous. Head and pronotum black; elytra dark piceous red (Fig. 8), entirely black (Fig. 9), or dirty yellowish-brown (Fig. 10); legs dark reddish brown, antennal club piceous. Head with epistome feebly convex, subcarinate toward clypeus, coarsely and rather regularly punctate on disc, confusedly subrugose distally; clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, round on sides, thinly bordered, edge feebly upturned, glabrous; genae obtusely round, setose, feebly protruding from the eyes; frontal suture feebly tuberculate; front coarsely and regularly punctate. Pronotum transverse, strongly convex, sparsely punctate; large punctures irregularly denser on sides, six to seven times larger than small punctures; fine smaller punctures evenly scattered throughout; lateral margin subparallel, thickly bordered, edge sparsely setose; hind angles widely truncate; base distinctly bordered, border somewhat crenulate. Scutellum triangularly elongate, flat, irregularly coarsely punctate on basal half. Elytra strongly convex, subparallel-sided, rather superficially striate; striae distinctly punctate, feebly crenulate; interstriae flat, sparsely and finely punctate. Metatibiae superior spur as long as first metatarsomere; latter as long as following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: central tubercle of frontal suture more distinct; pronotum more convex and less densely punctate mainly on disc; inferior spur of mesotibiae shortened and obliquely truncate apically; aedeagus Figs. 11–12. Female: central tubercle of frontal suture weaker; pronotum less convex and more densely punctate; inferior spur of mesotibiae regularly elongate and apically acuminate. Distribution. Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, northern India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (Eastern Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Material examined. AFGHANISTAN : umgebung von Kabul (1 specimen, DCG); AZERBAIJAN : Talysch gebg, Leder, Reitter (1 specimen, DCG); CHINA : Karagaitau, Narynx, Tian Shan [Xinjiang], (4 specimens, DCG, MNHN); Kerja, Chin. Turkestan [Sinkiang], 1300 m, 05–11.IV.1890, S. Conradt leg. (3 specimens, ZMHB); INDIA : North India, Forsyth Expedition (lectotype of A. aeger) (1 specimen, MNHN); KAZAKHSTAN : Wernyi [Alma Ata], (2 specimens, ZMHB); MONGOLIA : Char-us-nur, 1160 m, SW Ufer, Aimak Chovd, 4748'N, 9203'E, 28–29.VI.1964, Mongolisch-Deutschen Biological Expedition 1964 (5 specimens, ZMHB); Grenzstat. Jarantaj am Bulagan-gol, 1200 m, 40 km W Bulgan, Aimak Chovd, 4608'N-91°E (3 specimens, ZMHB); RUSSIA : Eastern Siberia [Transbaikalia]: Werchne-Udinsk, Mandl leg. (9 specimens, MNHN); TADZHIKISTAN : Kasatarosh, 20 km N Dushambe, 1000 m, 07–09.V.2003, V. Perepechayenko leg. (2 specimens, DCG); TURKMENISTAN : Dscharkent, Kuldsha (1 specimen, MNHN); Tedžen, 12–25.III.1992, M. Snizek leg. (13 specimens, DCG); Cemenibit, 22 km N Kuska, 1.IV.1992, M. Snizek leg. (1 specimen, DCG); UZBEKISTAN : Bang-Haas, Buchara (1 specimen, MNHN). Bionomics. Most specimen examined were collected in spring. Remarks. A male of Aphodius aeger Sharp, 1878, lectotype hereby designated, in Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, bears the following labels: 1) white, handwritten: Forsyth Expedition / north India; 2) white, handwritten: Aphodius aeger / type D. S.; 3) red, printed: Aphodius aeger Sharp, 1878; lectotypus, M. & G. Dellacasa des., 2001. Two other specimens of the type series with the same labels are paralectotypes. In the original description, Sharp (1878: 170) mentioned the locality Yangahissár and in the title of the work is recorded also “Yarkand” but those localities are both in Xinjiang (China). We have searched for type specimens of Aphodius truncatangulus Reitter, 1894 in several museums (e.g., Budapest, Berlin, Paris) where Reitter’s material is known to have been deposited. Since we were not able to find any type specimens, we consider the type series lost. We hereby designate as the neotype of Aphodius truncatangulus Reitter, 1894 a male of Phaeaphodius dauricus (Harold, 1863), in the Magyar Természettudomàny Muzéum, Budapest, Hungary, bearing the following labels: 1) white, printed: Turkmenia mer., Tedžen, 02- 25.III.1992, leg. M. Snížek; 2) red, printed: Aphodius truncatangulus Reitter, 1894, Neotypus, des. Dellacasa, 2016; 3) white, printed: Phaeaphodius dauricus (Harold, 1863), det. Dellacasa, 2016. We were not able to find any type specimens of Aphodius alleoni d’Orbigny, 1896 in the collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France and therefore consider the type series lost. We hereby designate as the neotype of Aphodius alleoni d’Orbigny, 1896 a male of Phaeaphodius dauricus (Harold, 1863), in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, bearing the following labels: 1) white, printed: Turkmenia mer., Tedžen, 02-25.III.1992, leg. M. Snížek; 2) red, printed: Aphodius alleoni d’Orbigny, 1896, Neotypus, des. Dellacasa, 2016; 3) white, printed: Phaeaphodius dauricus (Harold, 1863), det. Dellacasa, 2016., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on pages 147-149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Harold, E. (1863) Beitrage zur Kenntniss einiger coprophagen Lamellicornien. (Funftes Stuck). Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 7, 327 - 389.","Sharp, D. (1878) Preliminary diagnoses of new Coleopterous Insects belonging to the families Dytiscidae, Staphylinidae, and Scarabaeidae obtained by the late Dr. F. Stoliczka during the 2 nd mission to Yarkand under Sir Douglas Forsyth. Journal of the Asian Society of Bengal, 47, 169 - 174.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Reitter, E. (1887) Insecta in itinere Cl. N. Przewalskii in Asia centrali novissime lecta. VI. Clavicornia, Lamellicornia et Serricornia. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 21, 201 - 234.","Reitter, E. (1906) Uebersicht der Coleopteren-Arten der Gattung Aphodius Illig. aus dem nachsten Verwandtschaftskreise des A. prodromus Brahm, des Sbg. Melinopterus s. str. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 1906, 435 - 442.","Reitter, E. (1892) Bestimmungs-Tabelle der Lucaniden und coprophagen Lamellicornen des palaearctischen Faunengebietes. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereins in Brunn, 30, 140 - 262.","Schmidt, A. (1913) Erster Versuch einer Einteilung der exotischen Aphodien in Subgenera und als Anhang einige Neubeschreibungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, 79, 117 - 178.","Reitter, E. (1894) Nachtrage und Berichtigungen zu meiner Bestimmungs-Tabelle der coprophagen Lamellicornen. Entomologische Nachrichten, 20, 183 - 190.","Schmidt, A. (1922) Coleoptera Aphodiinae. Das Tierreich, 45, 1 - 614.","Balthasar, V. (1964) Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera Lamellicornia. Band 3. Aphodiidae. Verlag der Tschechoslowakische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prague, 652 pp.","Dellacasa, M. (1988) Contribution to a world-wide catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana, 66 (1987), 1 - 455.","d'Orbigny, H. (1896) Description des deux nouveaux Aphodius mediterraneens. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1896, 149 - 150.","Semenov, A. T. S. & Medvedev, S. (1928) De Aphodiinis novis vel minus cognitis (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). I. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozreniye, 22, 101 - 105.","Lebedev, A. G. (1932) Eine neue Aphodius - Art mit einer Ubersicht der Untergattung Mendidius. Entomologische Blatter, 28, 56 - 60.","Nikolajev, G. V. (1979) Novyy vid plastinchatousykh triby Aphodiini iz sredneiy Azii i ego sistematicheskoe Polozhenie. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Akademy of Sciences of the USSR, 88, 39 - 41.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2016) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden; Boston, pp. 98 - 155."]}

Phaeaphodius costalis (Gebler, 1848) (Figs. 1–5) Aphodius costalis Gebler, 1848: 83. Aphodius sibiricus Harold, 1863: 341; Schmidt 1907: 17 (as synonym of Aphodius costalis); Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133 (as synonym of Aphodius costalis). Aphodius (Agolius) jakovlevi Koshantschikov, 1912: 514. Aphodius (Pseudagolius) jakovlevi: Schmidt 1913: 151; Schmidt 1922: 234; Nikolajev, 1987: 118 (as synonym of Aphodius costalis; ex typis); Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133 (as synonym of Aphodius costalis). Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) costalis: Schmidt 1913: 154; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Phaeaphodius costalis: Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2016: 144. Type locality. Smeinogorsk [Zmeinogorsk, Altai, Russia]. Type repository. Aphodius costalis: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Paris, France; Aphodius sibiricus: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Paris, France; Aphodius jakovlevi: (Semenov collection) Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. Saint Petersburg, Russia. Redescription. Length 5.0–6.0 mm, oblong, moderately convex, shiny, glabrous. Head, pronotum, and scutellum black; elytra dirty yellow with suture and sides shadowy piceous; legs reddish brown; antennal club piceous. Head with epistome gibbous, sparsely, irregularly, subrugosely punctate, punctures distally confusedly coarser; clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, round at sides, thinly bordered, edge feebly upturned, glabrous; genae widely round, setose, feebly protruding from the eyes; front sparsely and somewhat irregularly punctate. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex; dually punctate, large punctures somewhat denser on sides, 6–7 times larger than small punctures, latter almost regularly scattered throughout, more superficial on disc; lateral margin feebly round, rather thickly bordered, edge setose; hind angles widely truncate, truncation weakly sinuate inward, base entirely thinly bordered. Scutellum triangular, elongate, flat, with few sparse punctures on basal half. Elytra elongate, feebly widened apically, setose at shoulder, rather deeply striate; striae superficially punctate, subcrenulate; interstriae almost flat, sparsely and finely punctate. Metatibiae superior spur as long as first metatarsomere; latter as long as following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: epistome anteriorly with curve, transverse carina, relatively more sparsely and less coarsely punctate; frontal suture with a small central tubercle; disc of pronotum without large punctures; protibiae spur feebly hooked inwardly at apex; aedeagus Figs. 4–5. Female: epistome anteriorly without transverse carina, more densely and coarsely punctate; frontal suture gibbous at middle; disc of pronotum with some large punctures; protibiae spur straight. Distribution. China, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia, Siberia, Taiwan, Turkmenistan. Material examined. KAZAKHSTAN : Kurgaldzhino, Lake Sultan-Keldyi, 18.IV.1982, Tarantul leg. (2 specimens, DCG); MONGOLIA : Char-us-nur, 1160 m, SW Ufer, Aimak Chovd, 4748'N, 9203'E, 28–29.VI.1964, Mongolisch-Deutschen Biological Expedition 1964 (1 specimen, ZMHB); Grenzstat. Jarantaj am Bulgan-gol, 1200 m, 40 km westl. Bulgan, Asimak Chovd, 4608'N, 9100'E (11 specimens, ZMHB); RUSSIA : Tookoe, Samara Gub. [southern European Russia], 1917, Dr. Jurecek, (1 specimen, MNHN); Sibiria occidentalis, Barnaulka (1 specimen, ZMHB); TAIWAN : Tsing-shui-to, Sui Youan (1 specimen, MNHN); TURKMENISTAN : Morgunovka, 16.V.1975, S. Murzin leg. (1 specimen, DCG). Bionomics. Unknown. Remarks. A female of Aphodius costalis Gebler, 1848, lectotype here designated, in Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, bears the following labels: 1) white, handwritten: costalis /Gebl. Sibiria; 2) green, printed: Museum Paris/ex coll./R. Oberthür; 3) red, printed: Aphodius costalis Gebler, 1848, Lectotypus, M. & G. Dellacasa des., 2001. We deem that this specimen, found in Oberthür collection, came from Gebler’s collection that, via G.V. Mniszech and R. Oberthür (see Sachtleben 1961: 500) should be in the MNHN. The species seems to be very rare. Gebler adopted the name Aphodius costalis of C. Mannerheim (in litteris), reproduced Mannerheim’s note: “Eine neue, noch unbescriebene Art, die ich von meheren Jaren aus der kirgisischen Steppe erheilt und an Gr. Dejean sendete, der sich auch für neu erkannte. M.”. Schmidt (1922: 21) indicated “Westsibirie”; Balthasar (1964: 286) added “sudlichen Ural”; Nikolajev (1987: 118) recorded the species from Kazakhstan. A female of Aphodius sibiricus Harold, 1863 (junior synonym of A. costalis), lectotype here designated, in Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, bears the following labels: 1) white, handwritten: Sibiria occ.; 2) white, handwritten: sibiricus / Harold/ typ.; 3) white, printed: Ex Musaeo Harold; 4) red, printed: Aphodius sibiricus Harold, 1863, Lectotypus, M. & G. Dellacasa des., 2001., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on pages 145-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Gebler, F. A. (1848) Verzeichniss der im Kolywano-Woskresenskischen Huttenbezirke Sud-West Sibiriens beobachteten Kaefer mit Bemerkungen und Beschreibungen. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 21, 3 - 85.","Harold, E. (1863) Beitrage zur Kenntniss einiger coprophagen Lamellicornien. (Funftes Stuck). Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 7, 327 - 389.","Schmidt, A. (1907) Zusammenstellung der bis 1906 beschriebenen Aphodiinen. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift (Beilage), 1907, 1 - 141.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Koshantschikov, W. (1912) Vierter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Aphodiini. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozreniye, 12, 511 - 523.","Schmidt, A. (1913) Erster Versuch einer Einteilung der exotischen Aphodien in Subgenera und als Anhang einige Neubeschreibungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, 79, 117 - 178.","Schmidt, A. (1922) Coleoptera Aphodiinae. Das Tierreich, 45, 1 - 614.","Nikolajev, G. V. (1987) Plastinchatousye zhuki (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) Kazakhstana i Srednei Azii. Izd. Nauka KazSSR, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 232 pp.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2016) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden; Boston, pp. 98 - 155.","Sachtleben, H. (1961) Nachtrage zu \" Walther Horn & Ilse Kahle: Uber entomologische Sammlungen \". Beitrage zur Entomologie, 11, 481 - 540.","Balthasar, V. (1964) Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera Lamellicornia. Band 3. Aphodiidae. Verlag der Tschechoslowakische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prague, 652 pp."]}

Phaeaphodius himalorectus (Ahrens & Stebnicka, 1997) (Figs. 13–17) Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) himalorectus Ahrens & Stebnicka, 1997: 12; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Phaeaphodius himalorectus: Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2016: 144. Type locality. Ghorepani, 2800 m, Nepal-Himalaya Annapurna Mountains, Nepal. Type repository. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart (paratype examined). Redescription. Length 5.5–6.0 mm; oval elongate, moderately convex, shiny, almost glabrous. Head and pronotum piceous; elytra dark reddish brown, sometimes slightly paler at suture and apex; legs and antennal club reddish brown. Head with epistome coarsely, densely, somewhat irregularly punctate; punctation denser and confluent toward clypeal margin, anteriorly with arcuate transverse carina more-or-less distinctly raised; clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, round on sides, thinly bordered, edge feebly upturned, glabrous; genae obtusely angulate, densely setose, distinctly protruding from the eyes; frontal suture nearly obsolete, only with vestiges of tubercles; front coarsely, not densely, evenly punctate. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, dually punctate; large punctures five to six times larger than small punctures, irregularly closer on sides; small punctures almost evenly scattered throughout, more superficial on disc; sides feebly arcuate, thinly bordered, edge sparsely setose; hind angles subtruncate; basal margin bisinuate, not bordered, laterally crenulate by few medium-size punctures. Scutellum triangular with curved sides, superficially minutely punctate on basal third. Elytra moderately convex, oblong oval, deeply striate; striae coarsely punctate, crenulate; interstriae flat on disc, very convex and with short straight pale setae on preapical declivity. Metatibiae superior spur slightly shorter than first metatarsomere; latter as long as following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: pronotum more transverse, less coarsely and less densely punctate; protibiae spur S-shaped, apically hooked; aedeagus Figs. 16–17. Female: pronotum narrower apically, more coarsely and more densely punctate; protibiae spur thin and almost straight. Distribution. Nepal (Himalaya: Annapurna Mountains). Material examined. NEPAL : Himalaya, Myagdi District, Phalante, 2100–2300 m, 20.III.1994, D. Ahrens leg. (11 specimens, paratypes, DCG). Bionomics. All specimens examined were collected in spring, above 2000 m., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on page 149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Ahrens, D. & Stebnicka, Z. (1997) On the Aphodiinae of the Nepal-Himalayas. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, Serie A, 552, 1 - 17.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2016) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden; Boston, pp. 98 - 155."]}

Phaeaphodius roddi (Koshantschikov, 1911) (Figs. 58–62) Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) roddi Koshantschikov, 1911: 19; Kabakov 1998: 7 (lectotype designation); Nikolajev 1998: 41; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 134. Phaeaphodius roddi: Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2016: 145. Type locality. Barnaul (Tomsk Gouv.) [Russia]. Type repository. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science. Saint Petersburg, Russia (lectotype examined). Redescription. Length 5.0–6.0 mm; oblong elongate, convex, shiny, glabrous. Head and pronotum black; elytra subapically piceous; legs and antennal club reddish brown. Head with epistome strongly convex and coarsely, sparsely, irregularly punctate on disc; anteriorly with distinctly raised transversely arcuate carina and slightly depressed medially toward clypeal margin, therein distinctly granulose, laterally confusedly rugose; clypeus widely moderately sinuate at middle, sharply denticulate on sides; denticles distinctly upturned, rather thinly bordered, edge upturned, glabrous; genae round, sparsely setose, faintly protruding from the eyes; frontal suture finely impressed; front irregularly not closely coarsely punctate. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, dually punctate; large punctures seven to eight times larger than small punctures, punctures irregular, sparse on disc, somewhat denser on sides; small punctures sparsely, evenly scattered throughout, more superficial on disc; lateral margin feebly arcuate, thickly bordered, edge sparsely setose; hind angles distinctly truncate; base feebly bisinuate, distinctly entirely bordered. Scutellum ogival; sparsely, irregularly punctate on basal half. Elytra oblong, convex, feebly widened posteriorly, deeply striate; striae rather coarsely punctate, crenulate; interstriae almost flat and finely, sparsely punctate. Metatibiae superior spur longer than first metatarsomere; latter as long as following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: pronotum more transverse, less densely and less coarsely punctate; frontal suture with median tubercle somewhat distinctly raised; protibiae spur hooked apically; aedeagus Figs. 59–60. Female: head and pronotum narrower apically, more densely and more coarsely punctate; frontal suture without vestiges of tubercles; protibiae spur almost straight. Distribution. Kazakhstan (Ust Kamenogorsk), Russia (Barnaul, Tomsk Gouv.). Material examined. RUSSIA : West Siberia: Barnaul, Z. V. Goretovsky, 25.IV.1909 (1 specimen, lectotype male, ZIN). Bionomics. The specimens of the type series were collected in April and May. Remarks. The sole male of the type series has the aedeagus damaged, i.e., it lacks parameres. Thus the figure by Kabakov (1998) is redrawn here. Moreover, to avoid dissecting the only known male lectotype, the figure of the epipharynx is based on a microscope photograph of a female paralectotype taken and sent to us by Andrey Frolov., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on pages 158-160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Koshantschikov, W. (1911) Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Aphodiini. Russkoe Entomologicheskoe Obozreniye, 11, 18 - 25.","Kabakov, O. N. (1998) Obzor podroda Phaeaphodius Reitt. i gruppy vidov Aphodius zangi A. Schm. Rossii, Ukrainy i sopredelnykh stran. Izvestiya Kharkovskogo Entomologicheskogo Obshestva, 6, 5 - 11.","Nikolajev, G. V. (1998) Novye i maloizvestnyie dlya Centralnoy Aziyi vidy nasekomykh (Insecta: Mantoptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Mecoptera). Vestnik Kazakhskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Seriya Biologicheskaya, 5, 38 - 46.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2016) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden; Boston, pp. 98 - 155."]}

Phaeaphodius jouravliowi (Reitter, 1907) (Figs. 18–23) Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) jouravliowi Reitter, 1907: 408; Balthasar 1964: 285 (as synonym of dauricus); Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) jouravliowi var. latonius Reitter, 1907: 409; Balthasar 1964: 285 (as color variation of Aphodius dauricus). Phaeaphodius jouravliowi: Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2016: 144. Type locality. Ural [Uralsk, im Steppenland südlich von Ural; ex original description]. Type depository. Aphodius jouravliowi: Magyar Természettudomàny Muzéum, Budapest, Hungary (type examined); Aphodius jouravliowi latonius: unknown to authors. Redescription. Length 5.5–6.0 mm; elongate, moderately convex, rather dull, glabrous. Head, pronotum, and scutellum black, elytra dirty yellow (Fig. 20), sometimes elytra with juxtasutural interstria and sides shadowy piceous (Fig. 21); legs reddish brown, antennal club piceous. Head with epistome moderately convex, depressed toward clypeal margin, coarsely and somewhat irregularly punctate on disc; punctation confusedly subrugose distally; clypeus distinctly sinuate at middle, round on sides, thickly bordered, edge upturned, glabrous; genae obtusely round, setose, protruding from the eyes; frontal suture finely impressed, front distinctly irregularly punctate. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, dually punctate; large punctures, five to six times larger than small punctures, denser on sides; fine small punctures rather regularly scattered throughout; lateral margins almost straight, thickly bordered, edge sparsely setose; hind angles widely truncate, truncation feebly sinuate inwardly; base faintly bisinuate, entirely bordered, the border crenulate by a series of contiguous punctures. Scutellum triangularly elongate, flat, irregularly punctate on basal half. Elytra moderately convex, subparallel-sided, rather deeply striate; striae crenulate; interstriae flat, superficially and finely microreticulate thus almost dull, near imperceptibly sparsely punctate. Metatibiae superior spur as long as first metatarsomere; latter as long as following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: frontal suture with vestiges of a median tubercle; pronotum more transverse, less convex and more sparsely punctate; protibiae spur stout, distinctly hooked apically; aedeagus Figs. 2 2–23. Female: frontal suture without tubercle; pronotum more convex, somewhat narrowed apically and more densely punctate; protibiae spur almost straight. Distribution. Russia (Siberia, Ural, and Altai mountains). Material examined. RUSSIA : West Siberia: Barnaulka, Sibiria occidentalis (1 specimen, ZMHB); Krasnojarsk, Jenisseisgeb [western Siberia] (1 specimen, DCG); Ural [ex original description: Uralsk, im Steppenland südlich von Ural] (1 specimen, male holotype, HNHM). Bionomics. Unknown., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on page 151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Reitter, E. (1907) Eine Serie neuer Aphodius - Arten aus der palaarktischen Fauna. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 1907, 407 - 411.","Balthasar, V. (1964) Monographie der Scarabaeidae und Aphodiidae der palaearktischen und orientalischen Region. Coleoptera Lamellicornia. Band 3. Aphodiidae. Verlag der Tschechoslowakische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Prague, 652 pp.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2016) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3, Scarabaeoidea, Scirtoidea, Dascilloidea, Buprestoidea and Byrrhoidea. Revised and updated edition. Brill, Leiden; Boston, pp. 98 - 155."]}

Phaeaphodius plutenkoi (Král, 2002) (Figs. 34–38) Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) plutenkoi Král, 2002: 47; Dellacasa & Dellacasa 2006: 133. Aphodius (Aphodius) davidkrali Dellacasa et al., 2002: 7; Dellacasa et al. 2003: 279 (as junior synonym of Aphodius plutenkoi). Phaeaphodius plutenkoi: Dellacasa et al., 2003: 279. Type locality. Houzhensi vill. 1900 m, Tabaishan range, Shaanxi, China. Type repository. Aphodius plutenkoi: David Král collection. Prague, Czech Republic (type specimens not examined); Aphodius davidkrali: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. Redescription. Length 6.0–7.0 mm; elongate, strongly convex, moderately shiny; nearly glabrous, elytra very shortly and sparsely pubescent on preapical declivity. Head and pronotum black, pronotum shadowy red laterally; scutellum black; elytra brownish-yellow with brown suture and with two oblique bands of spots faintly dark brown; legs piceous; antennal club piceous. Head with epistome feebly gibbous, densely and irregularly punctate, punctation coarser and denser distally; clypeus faintly sinuate at middle, widely round on sides, thickly bordered, edge glabrous and anteriorly, upturned; genae obtusely round, setose, protruding from the eyes; frontal suture tuberculate; front distinctly and subregularly punctate. Pronotum transverse, somewhat flattened toward anterior angles, strongly convex, dually punctate, large punctures six to seven times larger than small punctures, irregularly scattered on sides, small punctures evenly scattered throughout, more superficial on disc; sides subparallel; margins thinly bordered, setose near anterior angles; hind angles widely truncate; base feebly bisinuate, rather thinly bordered, border crenutate by a belt of coarse and contiguous punctures. Scutellum triangularly elongate, feebly concave, with few irregular punctures on basal half. Elytra elongate, strongly convex, subparallel sided, rather deeply striate; striae distinctly punctate, subcrenulate, punctures very close to each other; interstriae feebly convex, finely but distinctly microreticulate so sericeous, near imperceptibly punctate, sparsely setose on preapical declivity. Metatibiae superior spur shorter than first metatarsomere; latter slightly longer than following 3 metatarsomeres combined. Male: head with epistome more sparsely and less coarsely punctate; frontal suture distinctly trituberculate; pronotum widely transverse, with a feeble foveola at middle of anterior margin, dually punctate on sides but nearly smooth on disc; aedeagus Figs. 37–38. Female: head with epistome more densely and more coarsely punctate; frontal suture more weakly tuberculate, pronotum somewhat narrowed apically, without trace of median anterior foveola, dually punctate throughout, large punctures sparser on disc. Distribution. The species is known only from China (Gansu, Shaanxi). Material examined. CHINA : Gansu, Win Shan range, 70 km NW Wudu, 1.VI.1997, A. Gorodinski leg. (26 specimens, DCG); Shaanxi, Taibashan Mountains, N Hoazhenzi, 2460 m, 3.VIII.1998, S. Murzin leg. (1 specimen, paratype of Aphodius davidkrali, DCG). Bionomics. Some specimens of the type series were collected with pitfall trap baited with fish, in a forested area. Remarks. Dellacasa et al. (2002: 7) considered A. davidkrali (now a junior synonym of Phaeaphodius plutenkoi) as belonging to the genus Aphodius, i.e., Aphodius s ensu stricto, based on the taxonomic criteria established in Dellacasa et al. (2001). In the original description it was stressed that A. davidkrali had morphological characters shared between Aphodius and Phaeaphodius, but Dellacasa et al. (2002) considered the presence of a central foveola at middle of anterior margin of pronotum in males as the most taxonomically important character. Subsequently, Dellacasa et al. (2003) agreed with Král’s opinion regarding the shape of the aedeagus and transferred A. plutenkoi to Phaeaphodius., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2016, Systematic revision of the genus Phaeaphodius Reitter, 1892 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 143-163 in Zootaxa 4162 (1) on pages 153-155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/254692, {"references":["Kral, D. (2002) A review of Chinese Aphodius species. Part 6: A. (Phaeaphodius) plutenkoi sp. n. from Shaanxi. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 66, 47 - 50.","Dellacasa, M. & Dellacasa, G. (2006) Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Aphodiini (Aphodiina). In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 105 - 142.","Dellacasa, M., Dellacasa, G. & Bordat, P. (2002) Aphodius davidkrali, a new species from China. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, N. S., 19, 7 - 9.","Dellacasa, M., Dellacasa, G. & Bordat, P. (2003) Aphodius davidkrali Dellacasa et al., 2002 = Aphodius (Phaeaphodius) plutenkoi Kral, 2002. Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, N. S. 20, 279.","Dellacasa, G., Bordat, P. & Dellacasa, M. (2001) A revisional essay of world genus-group taxa of Aphodiinae. Memorie della Societa entomologica italiana, 79 (2000), 1 - 482."]}

Oxyomoides sepultus (Cartwright, 1944) new combination (Fig. 13–18) Aphodius sepultus Cartwright, 1944: 146. Aphodius (Amidorus) sepultus; Dellacasa 1988: 197. Scabrostomus sepultus; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 534. Type locality. 8 miles South of Somerset, Texas [U.S.A.]. Type repository. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco (paratype examined). Redescription. Length 3.0– 3.5 mm; moderately elongate, convex, subshiny, pubescent. Brown; clypeal margin and pronotal sides paler; legs reddish brown; antennal club brownish. Head with epistome feebly convex, closely moderately granulate throughout, alutaceous between granules, distally with nearly imperceptible hairs; granulation somewhat confused proximally; clypeus subsinuate at middle, broadly round at sides, thinly bordered, edge glabrous and slightly reflexed; genae broadly round, sparsely shortly ciliate, moderately protruding from the eyes; frontal suture medially obsolete, feebly raised laterally; front coarsely, rather confusedly rugose. Pronotum transverse, convex, feebly depressed near anterior and posterior angles, simply, coarsely punctured throughout; large, umbilicate punctures contiguous and, mainly laterally, with short recumbent hairs; lateral margins feebly arcuate, thickly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtusely round; base feebly bisinuate, finely somewhat irregularly bordered. Scutellum strongly alutaceous, irregularly punctured. Elytra convex, moderately elongate, slightly wider posteriorly; striae geminate, few deep, finely, not closely punctured, faintly crenulate; interstriae slightly convex, strongly alutaceous, with extremely fine sharp border on each side and with double longitudinal row of close, coarse punctures bearing recumbent hairs moderately long. Hind tibiae superior spur somewhat shorter than first tarsal segment; latter as long as following two segments combined. Male: inferior spur of middle tibiae shortened, slightly bent inwardly, truncate apically; aedeagus Fig. 14–15. Female: inferior spur of middle tibiae rather elongate, and regularly acuminate. Material examined. U.S.A.: Texas: 8-mi South of Somerset, 10.I.1940, leg. A. J. Kirn & E. S. Ross, from Geomys burrow (2 exx., paratypes, DCGI); idem, 27-29.XI.1942, leg. A. J. Kirn, from Geomys burrow (1 ex., paratype, DCGI); idem, 28.XI.1942, leg. A. J. Kirn, from Geomys burrow (1 ex., paratype, DCGI); idem, 27.XII.1942, leg. E. S. Ross, from Geomys burrow (2 exx., paratypes, DCGI). Distribution. U.S.A. (Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Texas). Bionomics. Late autumn and winter species often collected from burrows of pocket gophers, Geomys spp.. Kovarik et al. (2008), Tishechkin and Cline (2008), Connior (2011), and Connior et al. (2014) report on more recent collections in pocket gopher burrows in Arkansas and Louisiana., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2016, Oxyomoides, a new genus for three species of Scabrostomus Gordon and Skelley, 2007 in the southeastern United States (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-6 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (517) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170980, {"references":["Cartwright, O. L. 1944. New Aphodius from Texas Gopher burrows (following). Entomological News 55: 146 - 150.","Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 66 [1987]: 1 - 455.","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1 - 580.","Kovarik, P., S. Chordas III, H. Robison, P. Skelley, M. Connior, J. Fiene, and G. Heidt. 2008. Insects inhabiting the burrows of the Ozark pocket gopher in Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 62: 75 - 78.","Tishechkin, A. K., and A. R. Cline. 2008. The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of pocket gopher burrows in Louisiana. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 110: 331 - 339.","Connior, M. B. 2011. Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae and Scarabaeidae) from previously unsampled populations of pocket gopher burrows in Louisiana. Insecta Mundi 0153: 1 - 5.","Connior, M. B., P. W. Kovarik, S. Chordas III, H. W. Robison, and P. E. Skelley. 2014. Coleoptera (Histeridae, Leiodidae and Scarabaeidae) inhabiting the burrows of Baird's pocket gopher (Rodentia: Geomyidae: Geomys breviceps) in Arkansas. Insecta Mundi 0389: 1 - 27."]}

Oxyomoides baileyi (Skelley and Gordon, 2002) new combination (Fig. 1–6) Aphodius baileyi Skelley and Gordon, 2002: 85. Scabrostomus baileyi; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 531. Type locality. 2.7 mi S. Jct. Rt. 19 on New Hope Road, Sedgefield Plantation, Thomas Co., Georgia, U.S.A. Type repository. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. (paratype examined). Redescription. Length 3.0–4.0 mm; elongate, convex, shiny, shortly pubescent. Dark brown; clypeal margin. anterior angles of pronotum, legs and antennal club reddish brown. Head with epistome slightly convex medially, granulate throughout; clypeus faintly sinuate at middle, broadly round at sides, distinctly bordered, edge reflexed, glabrous; genae obtusely round, rather sparsely ciliate, moderately protruding from the eyes; frontal suture trigibbous; front coarsely not closely punctured, most punctures with short recumbent hairs. Pronotum transverse, convex, faintly alutaceous thus moderately shiny, irregularly not closely punctured, mostly the lateral punctures with short recumbent hairs; lateral margins weakly arcuate, distinctly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtuse; base distinctly bordered. Scutellum irregularly coarsely punctured on basal half. Elytra oval elongate, convex, faintly alutaceous thus moderately shiny, deeply striate; striae narrow, superficially not closely punctured, not crenulate; interstriae convex, bearing laterally two longitudinal rows of distinct shortly pubescent punctures. Hind tibiae superior spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter as long as following two segments combined. Male: inferior spur of middle tibiae less than half shorter than superior and obliquely truncate apically; aedeagus Fig. 2–3. Female: inferior spur of middle tibiae slender, straight, and acuminate. Material examined. U.S.A.: Georgia: 1.2 mi NE Gresston on Wilson Woodyard Rd., Dodge Co., 08-30. III.1997, leg. P. E. Skelley & P. W. Kovarik, Geomys burrow pitfall (6 exx., paratypes, DCGI). Distribution. U.S.A. (Alabama, Florida, Georgia). Bionomics. Most specimens examined were collected in winter from burrows of the southeastern pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis Rafinesque., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2016, Oxyomoides, a new genus for three species of Scabrostomus Gordon and Skelley, 2007 in the southeastern United States (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-6 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (517) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170980, {"references":["Skelley, P. E., and R. D. Gordon. 2002. Scarab beetles from pocket gopher burrows in the southeastern United States. Insecta Mundi 15 (2) (2001): 77 - 93.","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1 - 580."]}

Oxyomoides dyspistus (Skelley and Woodruff, 1991) new combination (Fig. 7–12) Aphodius dyspistus Skelley and Woodruff, 1991: 518; Skelley and Gordon 2002: 88. Aphodius (Amidorus) dyspistus; Dellacasa 1988: 169. Scabrostomus dyspistus; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 534. Type locality. 2.5 mi. SW of Archer, Alachua Co., Florida, U.S.A. Type repository. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. (type not examined). Redescription. Length 3.0– 3.5 mm; moderately elongate, convex, weakly shiny, pubescent. Dark brown; clypeal margin, legs and antennal club reddish brown. Head with epistome convex, coarsely granulate, superficially alutaceous between granules with semirecumbent hairs; clypeus slightly sinuate at middle, broadly round at sides, finely bordered, edge moderately reflexed, glabrous; genae obtusely round, rather shortly ciliate, protruding from the eyes; frontal suture weakly tuberculate mostly laterally; front rugosely, coarsely irregularly punctured. Pronotum transverse, convex, slightly dull, feebly depressed near anterior and posterior angles, densely, coarsely and somewhat irregularly punctured throughout; punctures with short recumbent hairs, the larger punctures faintly umbilicate; lateral margins arcuate, distinctly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtuse; basal margin not bordered but marked by a series of deep, coarse and contiguous punctures. Scutellum coarsely irregularly punctured. Elytra convex, oval elongate, almost opaque, deeply striate; striae coarsely distinctly punctate, subcordately crenulate, nearly as wide as interstriae (Fig. 10); interstriae subcariniform, with a double row of punctures bearing short recumbent hairs. Hind tibiae superior spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter nearly as long as following two segments combined. Male: inferior spur of middle tibiae half length of superior and apically truncate; aedeagus Fig. 8–9. Female: inferior spur of middle tibiae not so shortened and regularly acuminate. Material examined. U.S.A.: Alabama: Ft. Rucker Military Res., Dale Co., 29.I.1993, leg. P. Skelley, R. Turnbow & M. C. Thomas, Geomys nest or dung chamber (4 exx., DCGI); Florida: 4.0 mi SW Archer, Levy Co., 25.I.1992, leg. Heyer, Skillman & Skelley, Geomys chamber (3 exx., DCGI); 2.5 mi E Melrose, Putnam Co., 22-24.XII.1992, leg. P. Skelley, Geomys burrow (1 ex., DCGI); Deerland, 2.8 mi W Co. Line on US-90, Okaloosa Co., 17-31.XII.1991, leg. P. Skelley, pocket gopher burrow (2 exx., DCGI); Georgia: 1.2 mi NE Gresston on Wilson Woodyard Rd., Dodge Co., 08-30.III.1997, leg. P. E. Skelley & P. W. Kovarik, Geomys burrow pitfall (4 exx., DCGI); 4.4 mi N Metcalf on St. 59, Thomas Co., 13-21.I.1996, leg. P. E. Skelley, P. W. Kovarik & R. Turnbow, Geomys burrow pitfall (4 exx., DCGI). Distribution. U.S.A. (Alabama, Florida, Georgia).

Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Gordon, Robert D. (2016): Oxyomoides, a new genus for three species of Scabrostomus Gordon and Skelley, 2007 in the southeastern United States (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 2016 (517): 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5170980, {"references":["Cartwright, O. L. 1944. New Aphodius from Texas Gopher burrows (following). Entomological News 55: 146-150.","Connior, M. B. 2011. Beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae and Scarabaeidae) from previously unsampled populations of pocket gopher burrows in Louisiana. Insecta Mundi 0153: 1-5.","Connior, M. B., P. W. Kovarik, S. Chordas III, H. W. Robison, and P. E. Skelley. 2014. Coleoptera (Histeridae, Leiodidae and Scarabaeidae) inhabiting the burrows of Baird's pocket gopher (Rodentia: Geomyidae: Geomys breviceps) in Arkansas. Insecta Mundi 0389: 1-27.","Dellacasa, G., P. Bordat, and M. Dellacasa. 2001. A revisional essay of world genus-group taxa of Aphodiinae. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 79 [2000]: 1-482.","Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 66 [1987]: 1-455.","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1-580.","Kovarik, P., S. Chordas III, H. Robison, P. Skelley, M. Connior, J. Fiene, and G. Heidt. 2008. Insects inhabiting the burrows of the Ozark pocket gopher in Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 62: 75-78.","Skelley, P. E., and R. D. Gordon. 2002. Scarab beetles from pocket gopher burrows in the southeastern United States. Insecta Mundi 15(2) (2001): 77-93.","Skelley, P. E., and R. E. Woodruff. 1991. Five new species of Aphodius from Florida pocket gopher burrows. Florida Entomologist 74: 517-536.","Tishechkin, A. K., and A. R. Cline. 2008. The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of pocket gopher burrows in Louisiana. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 110: 331-339."]}

Genus Oxyomoides new genus Type species. Aphodius sepultus Cartwright, 1944. Diagnosis. Small species (length 3.0–4.0 mm), weakly elongate, convex, dull or weakly shiny, pubescent. Dark brown. Head with epistome granulate throughout; clypeus weakly sinuate at middle, round at sides, glabrous; genae protruding from the eyes; frontal suture with three more or less distinct tubercles; front coarsely, not closely punctured, punctures shortly setigerous. Pronotum convex, transverse, coarsely, more or less densely, somewhat irregularly punctured, punctures mostly on sides shortly setigerous; lateral margins glabrous; hind angles obtuse; base bordered or not. Scutellum small, triangular, coarsely punctured basally. Elytra convex, weakly elongate, subparallel-sided, deeply striate; striae crenulate or not, with subcordiform, geminate or simple punctures; interstriae more or less strongly convex, sometimes subcarinate and sharply finely margined on each side, dually longitudinally serially punctured, punctures with more or less elongate recumbent hairs. Hind tibiae apically fimbriate with spinules rather short, stout and irregularly alternately unequal. Pygidium distinctly alutaceous, superficially irregularly punctured, punctures with elongate recumbent hairs. Sexual dimorphism shown in males mostly by inferior spur of middle tibiae shortened and apically truncate. Aedeagus with elongate parameres, apically with more or less elongate thin membranous appendages. Epipharynx with anterior margin straight; epitorma guttiform; corypha not protruding from the anterior margin and with a clump of apical celtes rather short; pedia pubescent, with lateral rather elongate spines subserially arranged; chaetoparia moderately elongate and moderately dense. Distribution. Southern United States. Etymology. The name results from the combination of the genus name Oxyomus and the suffix – oides [having the form of]. The gender is masculine., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2016, Oxyomoides, a new genus for three species of Scabrostomus Gordon and Skelley, 2007 in the southeastern United States (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-6 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (517) on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170980, {"references":["Cartwright, O. L. 1944. New Aphodius from Texas Gopher burrows (following). Entomological News 55: 146 - 150."]}

Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Gordon, Robert D. (2016): Euotophorus imeldae new genus and new species of Mexican Aphodiini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 2016 (507): 1-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5170847, {"references":["Dellacasa G., P. Bordat, and M. Dellacasa. 2001. A revisional essay of world genus-group taxa of Aphodiinae. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 79 [2000]: 1-482.","Dellacasa M., Gordon R. D. and G. Dellacasa. 2004. Jalisco plumipes, new genus and new species of Mexican Aphodiini. Insecta Mundi 17 [2003]: 69-71.","Received April 23, 2016; Accepted September 13, 2016."]}

Genus Euotophorus new genus Type species. Euotophorus imeldae new species. Diagnosis. Small species (length 4.5 mm), broadly oval, convex, shiny, glabrous. Dark brown. Head with epistome alutaceous, rather densely irregularly punctured; clypeus weakly sinuate at middle, round at sides; genae strongly auriculate and strongly protruding from the eyes; frontal suture not tuberculate. Pronotum transverse, dually punctured; hind angles widely subtruncate; base not bordered. Scutellum small, triangular. Elytra strongly broadly oval, not denticulate at shoulder, finely deeply striate; striae crenulate; interstriae flat, distinctly punctured. Fore tibiae distally tridentate and proximally weakly serrulate at outer margin; upper side smooth. Hind tibiae with strong transverse carinae on outer face, apically fimbriate with spinules rather stout, alternately and somewhat irregularly elongate. Pygidium alutaceous, sparsely roughly punctured; each puncture with a long recumbent hair; apical margin with sparse long setae. Aedeagus rather stout, with parameres lacking membranous process and distinctly angulate toward the acute apex. Epipharynx weakly inwardly sinuate at front margin, round at sides; epitorma subpyriform; corypha moderately protruding from the anterior margin, apically with clump of short celtes; pedia finely pubescent mostly toward epitorma and with a series of short strong spines toward proplegmatium only; chaetopariae moderately elongate and moderately dense. Distribution. Mexico. Etymology. The name is from the combination of the genus name Otophorus and the prefix eu- [good, true]. The gender is masculine., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2016, Euotophorus imeldae new genus and new species of Mexican Aphodiini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-3 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (507) on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170847

Minor, Pablo, Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni (2015): A new species of Cephalocyclus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) from Mexico. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 297-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.13

Cephalocyclus moroni Minor, Dellacasa, & Dellacasa, new species (Figs. 1���4) Type locality. Las Joyas, Sierra de Manantl��n, Autl��n, Jalisco, Mexico. Holotype repository. Instituto de Ecolog��a, A. C. collection (IEXA, Xalapa, Mexico). Description. Holotype. Male: Length from clypeus to pygidium 7.5 mm; humeral width 3.0 mm. Oval, elongate, moderately convex, shiny. More or less dark brown; clypeal margin and sides of pronotum red; antennal club brown; legs dark brown with tarsi paler, shiny. Head with epistoma feebly convex on disc; finely, somewhat irregularly punctate; clypeus faintly sinuate at middle, round at sides, rather thinly bordered, edge glabrous. Genae angulate, sparsely ciliate, distinctly protruding from the eyes. Frontal suture finely impressed; front distinctly, unevenly punctate. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, somewhat flattened at sides mainly toward front and hind angles; evenly, finely, and sparsely punctate; lateral margins feebly arcuate, thickly bordered, edge subcerciniform, glabrous; hind angles subtruncate; base not bordered. Scutellum triangular, microreticulate, sparsely punctate. Elytra oval elongate, moderately convex, feebly widened posteriorly; striae fine, superficially punctate, subcrenulate; interstriae faintly convex, superficially microreticulate, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra pubescent laterally and on preapical declivity only, humerus dentate, epipleura distinct and sparsely ciliate. Metatibia with upper spur longer than first tarsomere; first tarsomere as long as the following three tarsomeres combined. Protibial spur relatively elongate and stout; metasternal plate concave; aedeagus (Fig. 4). Species Distribution 1 Cephalocyclus bordati Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango) 2 Cephalocyclus carmenae Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo Le��n) 3 Cephalocyclus cartagoensis Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Costa Rica 4 Cephalocyclus costaricensis Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Costa Rica 8 Cephalocyclus halffteri Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Mexico (Guerrero, M��xico) 9 Cephalocyclus hogei (Bates, 1887) [Aphodius] Mexico (Durango, Hidalgo, M��xico, Michoac��n, Synonym: Aphodius transversus Robinson, 1940 Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quer��taro, Veracruz); United States of America (Arizona?) 10 Cephalocyclus howdenorum Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Mexico (Nuevo Le��n) 14 Cephalocyclus majomaensis Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2013 Mexico (Zacatecas) 15 Cephalocyclus mexicanus (Harold, 1862) [Aphodius] Mexico (Distrito Federal, Durango, Guerrero, Synonym: Aphodius omiltemius Bates, 1890 Hidalgo, Jalisco, M��xico, Michoac��n, Morelos, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quer��taro, Sinaloa, Veracruz) 16 Cephalocyclus moroni Minor, Dellacasa, & Dellacasa, 2015 Mexico (Jalisco) 17 Cephalocyclus ordonezi Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Mexico (M��xico) 18 Cephalocyclus potosinus Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Mexico (Nuevo Le��n) 19 Cephalocyclus pseudofuliginosus Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, Mexico (Oaxaca) 2008 20 Cephalocyclus pullatus (Schmidt, 1913) [Aphodius] Mexico (Durango,Sinaloa) 21 Cephalocyclus puncticeps (Harold, 1862) [Aphodius] Mexico (Jalisco, M��xico, Puebla) 22 Cephalocyclus rockefelleri Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007 Mexico (Chihuahua) 23 Cephalocyclus stebnickae Deloya & Iba��ez-Bernal, 2000 Mexico (Chiapas) 24 Cephalocyclus villosipes (Harold, 1862) [Aphodius] Mexico (Hidalgo, M��xico, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz) Allotype. Similar to holotype except as follows: Length from clypeus to pygidium 7.0 mm; humeral length 2.8 mm, head and pronotum less transverse and more convex, protibial spur elongate and slender; metasternal plate flat. Variation. Males vary in length from 7.0���8.0 mm, humeral length from 2.8 ���3.0 mm. The head and pronotum more transverse and less convex than females. One male present the head and pronotum reddish brown. Females vary in length from 7.0��� 7.5 mm, humeral length from 2.8 ���3.0 mm. Type material. MEXICO: Jalisco, Autl��n, S. Manantl��n, Las Joyas, light Hg, 01-VIII- 2002. 1,900 m. E. Garc��a- Real, J. Allende, A. Ram��rez y M. A. Mor��n cols. Eight specimens (holotype male, allotype female, three male and three female paratypes) at IEXA; two specimens (one male and one female paratypes) at MXAL; three specimens (one male and two female paratypes) at DCGI. Distribution. Known from type locality only. Natural history. Specimens of the type series were collected in August and were attracted to light. Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Miguel Angel Mor��n, Mexican specialist of the Scarabaeoidea of Mexico and Latin America. Discussion. Cephalocyclus moroni is most similar to Cephalocyclus ordonezi Dellacasa, Dellacasa, & Gordon, 2007, because both species share the dentate elytral humerus, but C. moroni is longer and wider, the pronotum and elytral interstices are sparsely pubescent, and both sexes have protibial with apical spur longer than the first tarsomere. The males of C. ordonezi have the apical spur abruptly bent downward and outwardly curved. Cephalocyclus ordonezi is known only from the mountains of Puebla and Estado de M��xico, nearly 580 km south of Sierra de Manantl��n, in localities between 3,000 to 3,800 m of elevation; whereas C. moroni was collected at 1,900 m of altitude. Furthermore, some character states of C. moroni are also shared with Cephalocyclus stebnickae Deloya & Iba��ez-Bernal, 2000, which is only known from San Crist��bal de las Casas, Chiapas, more than 1,200 km south of Sierra de Manantl��n, both species have the pronotal and clypeal margins not ciliate., Published as part of Minor, Pablo, Dellacasa, Marco & Dellacasa, Giovanni, 2015, A new species of Cephalocyclus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae) from Mexico, pp. 297-300 in Zootaxa 3974 (2) on pages 297-299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.13, http://zenodo.org/record/246067, {"references":["Dellacasa, M., Dellacasa, G. & Gordon, R. D. (2007) Systematic revision of the genus Cephalocyclus with description of eight new species from Mexico and Costa Rica (Scarabaeoidea: Aphodiidae). Acta Zoologica Mexicana, New Series, 23, 89 - 128.","Dellacasa, M., Dellacasa, G. & Gordon, R. D. (2013) Cephalocyclus majomaensis and Oscarinus cabreroi new species of Mexican Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi, 285, 1 - 5."]}

Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Gordon, Robert D. (2015): A new genus for Drepanocanthoides larreae (Horn, 1887) and description of a new congeneric Mexican species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 2015 (407): 1-6, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181505, {"references":["Bates, H. W. 1887. Insecta. Coleoptera. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. (Copridae, Aphodiidae, Orphnidae, Hybosoridae, Geotrupidae, Trogidae, Aclopidae, Chasmatopteridae, Melolonthidae). Biologia Centrali-Americana, Vol. 2, Part 2: 25-160.","Bates, H. W. 1889. Insecta. Coleoptera: Lamellicornia. Biologia Centrali-Americana. (Supplement) 2: 337-416.","Blackwelder, R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Part II. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 185(2): 189-341.","Dellacasa, G., P. Bordat, and M. Dellacasa. 2001. A revisional essay of world genus-group taxa of Aphodiinae. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 79 [2000]: 1-482.","Dellacasa, M. 1988. Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana 66 [1987]: 1-455.","Dellacasa, M., R. D. Gordon, and G. Dellacasa. 2002. Aphodiinae described or recorded by Bates in Biologia Centrali-Americana. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n. s.) 86: 155-223.","Gordon, R. D., and W. Godwin. [1997]. Taxonomic reclassification of North American Aphodius s. lat. Willow City, North Dakota, U.S.A. 462 p. [unpublished manuscript].","Gordon, R. D., and P. E. Skelley. 2007. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States and Canada. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 79: 1-580.","Horn, G. H. 1887. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 14: 1-110.","Schmidt, A. 1913. Erster Versuch einer Einteilung der exotischen Aphodien in Subgenera und als Anhang einige Neubeschreibungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, 79: 117-178.","Schmidt, A. 1922. Coleoptera Aphodiinae. Das Tierreich Vol. 45. Walter de Gruyter and Co.; Berlin und Leipzig. 614 p.","Skelley, P. E., M. Dellacasa, G. Dellacasa, and R. D. Gordon. 2007. Checklist of the Aphodiini of Mexico, Central and South America. Insecta Mundi 0014: 1-14."]}

Hornosus turnbowi new species (Fig. 9–13) Type locality. Hwy 58, 8 km E jct 57, Nuevo León, Mexico. Type repository. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. Description. Length 4.0–4.5 mm; oblong, moderately convex, semiglossy, glabrous except elytra laterally and subapically shortly pubescent. Head and pronotum blackish, latter with sides broadly brownish yellow; elytra brownish yellow with a dark brown elongate discal stripe on second, third and fourth interstices, interrupted on preapical declivity by an ocellar yellowish spot, and with a lateral longitudinal dark brown stripe on seventh and eight interstices; legs yellowish brown with paler tarsi; antennal club piceous. Head with epistome almost flat, antero-medially narrowly deflexed, with extremely fine, rather sparse punctures evenly scattered throughout; clypeus deeply sinuate in middle, strongly lobate on either side, lobes strongly reflexed distally, faintly reflexed laterally, not bordered with glabrous margin; genae almost obsolete, very elongately ciliate, hardly protruding from eyes; frontal suture obsolete; frons almost imperceptibly punctured. Pronotum hardly longer than wide, feebly convex, minutely alutaceous, evenly, finely, sparsely punctured, but with a median longitudinal narrow impunctate areola; lateral margins feebly arcuate, distinctly bordered, edge elongately and rather densely ciliate; hind angles round, base evenly arcuate, very thinly bordered. Scutellum flat, alutaceous, finely punctured in basal half. Elytra elongately oval, convex, almost parallel-sided, finely striate; striae superficially and rather closely punctured, subcrenulate; interstriae flat, superficially alutaceous, sparsely finely punctured, shortly pubescent toward apex; epipleural margin elongately ciliate. Hind tibial upper spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter somewhat longer than following three segments combined. Male: clypeus deeply sinuate in middle, with strongly projecting, apically reflexed lobes on either side of median sinuosity; foretibiae with sinuate inner margin with cultrate spur; aedeagus Fig. 12–13. Female: clypeus moderately sinuate in middle, almost round on either side; foretibial inner margin not sinuate and with slender, acuminate spur. Type material. MEXICO: Nuevo León: Hwy 58, 8 km E jct 57, 17.VII.1988., leg. R. Turnbow (holotype, male, allotype and 3 paratypes, FSCA; 1 paratype, DCGI); 4.7 mi E Galeana, 10.VI.1987, leg. B. K. Dozier (1 paratype, FSCA). Distribution. Mexico (Nuevo León). Etymology. Named in honour of Robert H. Turnbow, Jr., specialist in Central American Cerambycidae, who collected most of the type series. Biology. Almost unknown; the type specimens were collected in late spring and early summer., Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2015, A new genus for Drepanocanthoides larreae (Horn, 1887) and description of a new congeneric Mexican species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-6 in Insecta Mundi 2015 (407) on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181505, {"references":["Horn, G. H. 1887. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 14: 1 - 110."]}

Key to species of Hornosus 1. —, Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2015, A new genus for Drepanocanthoides larreae (Horn, 1887) and description of a new congeneric Mexican species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-6 in Insecta Mundi 2015 (407) on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5181505

Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni, Gordon, Robert D. (2015): Pseudotetraclipeoides tetraodon, new genus and new species of Mexican Aphodiini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 2015 (408): 1-3, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5181491, {"references":["Terminology used in this work to describe morpho-anatomical features follows that of Dellacasa et al. (2001). Material studied is in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A. (AMNH)."]}