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1. CAR-redirected natural killer T cells demonstrate superior antitumor activity to CAR-T cells through multimodal CD1d-dependent mechanisms

Author

Zhou, Xin, Wang, Ying, Dou, Zhangqi, Delfanti, Gloria, Tsahouridis, Ourania, Pellegry, Caroline Marnata, Zingarelli, Manuela, Atassi, Gatphan, Woodcock, Mark G., Casorati, Giulia, Dellabona, Paolo, Kim, William Y., Guo, Linjie, Savoldo, Barbara, Tsagaratou, Ageliki, Milner, J. Justin, Metelitsa, Leonid S., and Dotti, Gianpietro

Published
2024
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4. The longitudinal characterization of immune responses in COVID-19 patients reveals novel prognostic signatures for disease severity, patients’ survival and long COVID

Author

Maddalena Noviello, Rebecca De Lorenzo, Raniero Chimienti, Norma Maugeri, Claudia De Lalla, Gabriel Siracusano, Nicola Ivan Lorè, Paola Maria Vittoria Rancoita, Federica Cugnata, Elena Tassi, Stefania Dispinseri, Danilo Abbati, Valeria Beretta, Eliana Ruggiero, Francesco Manfredi, Aurora Merolla, Elisa Cantarelli, Cristina Tresoldi, Claudia Pastori, Roberta Caccia, Francesca Sironi, Ilaria Marzinotto, Fabio Saliu, Silvia Ghezzi, Vito Lampasona, Elisa Vicenzi, Paola Cinque, Angelo Andrea Manfredi, Gabriella Scarlatti, Paolo Dellabona, Lucia Lopalco, Clelia Di Serio, Mauro Malnati, Fabio Ciceri, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, and Chiara Bonini

Subjects
COVID-19 severity, COVID-19 patients’ survival, SARS-CoV-2 innate immunity, SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity, long COVID, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 pandemic still poses a significant burden on global health and economy, especially for symptoms persisting beyond the acute disease. COVID-19 manifests with various degrees of severity and the identification of early biomarkers capable of stratifying patient based on risk of progression could allow tailored treatments.MethodsWe longitudinally analyzed 67 patients, classified according to a WHO ordinal scale as having Mild, Moderate, or Severe COVID-19. Peripheral blood samples were prospectively collected at hospital admission and during a 6-month follow-up after discharge. Several subsets and markers of the innate and adaptive immunity were monitored as putative factors associated with COVID-19 symptoms.ResultsMore than 50 immunological parameters were associated with disease severity. A decision tree including the main clinical, laboratory, and biological variables at admission identified low NK-cell precursors and CD14+CD91+ monocytes, and high CD8+ Effector Memory T cell frequencies as the most robust immunological correlates of COVID-19 severity and reduced survival. Moreover, low regulatory B-cell frequency at one month was associated with the susceptibility to develop long COVID at six months, likely due to their immunomodulatory ability.DiscussionThese results highlight the profound perturbation of the immune response during COVID-19. The evaluation of specific innate and adaptive immune-cell subsets allows to distinguish between different acute and persistent COVID-19 symptoms.

Published
2024
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5. IL-12 reprograms CAR-expressing natural killer T cells to long-lived Th1-polarized cells with potent antitumor activity

Author

Elisa Landoni, Mark G. Woodcock, Gabriel Barragan, Gabriele Casirati, Vincenzo Cinella, Simone Stucchi, Leah M. Flick, Tracy A. Withers, Hanna Hudson, Giulia Casorati, Paolo Dellabona, Pietro Genovese, Barbara Savoldo, Leonid S. Metelitsa, and Gianpietro Dotti

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Human natural killer T cells (NKTs) are innate-like T lymphocytes increasingly used for cancer immunotherapy. Here we show that human NKTs expressing the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) undergo extensive and sustained molecular and functional reprogramming. Specifically, IL-12 instructs and maintains a Th1-polarization program in NKTs in vivo without causing their functional exhaustion. Furthermore, using CD62L as a marker of memory cells in human NKTs, we observe that IL-12 maintains long-term CD62L-expressing memory NKTs in vivo. Notably, IL-12 initiates a de novo programming of memory NKTs in CD62L-negative NKTs indicating that human NKTs circulating in the peripheral blood possess an intrinsic differentiation hierarchy, and that IL-12 plays a role in promoting their differentiation to long-lived Th1-polarized memory cells. Human NKTs engineered to co-express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) coupled with the expression of IL-12 show enhanced antitumor activity in leukemia and neuroblastoma tumor models, persist long-term in vivo and conserve the molecular signature driven by the IL-12 expression. Thus IL-12 reveals an intrinsic plasticity of peripheral human NKTs that may play a crucial role in the development of cell therapeutics.

Published
2024
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6. IL-1β+ macrophages fuel pathogenic inflammation in pancreatic cancer

Author

Caronni, Nicoletta, La Terza, Federica, Vittoria, Francesco M., Barbiera, Giulia, Mezzanzanica, Luca, Cuzzola, Vincenzo, Barresi, Simona, Pellegatta, Marta, Canevazzi, Paolo, Dunsmore, Garett, Leonardi, Carlo, Montaldo, Elisa, Lusito, Eleonora, Dugnani, Erica, Citro, Antonio, Ng, Melissa S. F., Schiavo Lena, Marco, Drago, Denise, Andolfo, Annapaola, Brugiapaglia, Silvia, Scagliotti, Alessandro, Mortellaro, Alessandra, Corbo, Vincenzo, Liu, Zhaoyuan, Mondino, Anna, Dellabona, Paolo, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Taveggia, Carla, Doglioni, Claudio, Cappello, Paola, Novelli, Francesco, Iannacone, Matteo, Ng, Lai Guan, Ginhoux, Florent, Crippa, Stefano, Falconi, Massimo, Bonini, Chiara, Naldini, Luigi, Genua, Marco, and Ostuni, Renato

Published
2023
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7. Fasting mimicking diet in mice delays cancer growth and reduces immunotherapy-associated cardiovascular and systemic side effects

Author

S. Cortellino, V. Quagliariello, G. Delfanti, O. Blaževitš, C. Chiodoni, N. Maurea, A. Di Mauro, F. Tatangelo, F. Pisati, A. Shmahala, S. Lazzeri, V. Spagnolo, E. Visco, C. Tripodo, G. Casorati, P. Dellabona, and V. D. Longo

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors cause side effects ranging from autoimmune endocrine disorders to severe cardiotoxicity. Periodic Fasting mimicking diet (FMD) cycles are emerging as promising enhancers of a wide range of cancer therapies including immunotherapy. Here, either FMD cycles alone or in combination with anti-OX40/anti-PD-L1 are much more effective than immune checkpoint inhibitors alone in delaying melanoma growth in mice. FMD cycles in combination with anti-OX40/anti-PD-L1 also show a trend for increased effects against a lung cancer model. As importantly, the cardiac fibrosis, necrosis and hypertrophy caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors are prevented/reversed by FMD treatment in both cancer models whereas immune infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ cells in myocardial tissues and systemic and myocardial markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are reduced. These results indicate that FMD cycles in combination with immunotherapy can delay cancer growth while reducing side effects including cardiotoxicity.

Published
2023
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10. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)

Author

Cossarizza, Andrea, Chang, Hyun-Dong, Radbruch, Andreas, Acs, Andreas, Adam, Dieter, Adam-Klages, Sabine, Agace, William W, Aghaeepour, Nima, Akdis, Mübeccel, Allez, Matthieu, Almeida, Larissa Nogueira, Alvisi, Giorgia, Anderson, Graham, Andrä, Immanuel, Annunziato, Francesco, Anselmo, Achille, Bacher, Petra, Baldari, Cosima T, Bari, Sudipto, Barnaba, Vincenzo, Barros-Martins, Joana, Battistini, Luca, Bauer, Wolfgang, Baumgart, Sabine, Baumgarth, Nicole, Baumjohann, Dirk, Baying, Bianka, Bebawy, Mary, Becher, Burkhard, Beisker, Wolfgang, Benes, Vladimir, Beyaert, Rudi, Blanco, Alfonso, Boardman, Dominic A, Bogdan, Christian, Borger, Jessica G, Borsellino, Giovanna, Boulais, Philip E, Bradford, Jolene A, Brenner, Dirk, Brinkman, Ryan R, Brooks, Anna ES, Busch, Dirk H, Büscher, Martin, Bushnell, Timothy P, Calzetti, Federica, Cameron, Garth, Cammarata, Ilenia, Cao, Xuetao, Cardell, Susanna L, Casola, Stefano, Cassatella, Marco A, Cavani, Andrea, Celada, Antonio, Chatenoud, Lucienne, Chattopadhyay, Pratip K, Chow, Sue, Christakou, Eleni, Čičin-Šain, Luka, Clerici, Mario, Colombo, Federico S, Cook, Laura, Cooke, Anne, Cooper, Andrea M, Corbett, Alexandra J, Cosma, Antonio, Cosmi, Lorenzo, Coulie, Pierre G, Cumano, Ana, Cvetkovic, Ljiljana, Dang, Van Duc, Dang-Heine, Chantip, Davey, Martin S, Davies, Derek, De Biasi, Sara, Del Zotto, Genny, Dela Cruz, Gelo Victoriano, Delacher, Michael, Della Bella, Silvia, Dellabona, Paolo, Deniz, Günnur, Dessing, Mark, Di Santo, James P, Diefenbach, Andreas, Dieli, Francesco, Dolf, Andreas, Dörner, Thomas, Dress, Regine J, Dudziak, Diana, Dustin, Michael, Dutertre, Charles-Antoine, Ebner, Friederike, Eckle, Sidonia BG, Edinger, Matthias, Eede, Pascale, Ehrhardt, Götz RA, Eich, Marcus, Engel, Pablo, Engelhardt, Britta, and Erdei, Anna

Subjects
1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Inflammatory and immune system, Allergy and Immunology, Cell Separation, Consensus, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Phenotype, Immunology
Abstract

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.

Published
2019

11. A humanized mouse model for in vivo evaluation of invariant Natural Killer T cell responses

Author

Noemi Alejandra Saavedra-Avila, Paolo Dellabona, Giulia Casorati, Natacha Veerapen, Gurdyal S. Besra, Amy R. Howell, and Steven A. Porcelli

Subjects
CD1d, iNKT cell, Alpha-GalCer, transgenic mice, tumor immunity, humanized mouse models, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate immune responses when stimulated by glycolipid agonists presented by CD1d. In extensive studies of synthetic analogues of α-galactosyl ceramides, we identified numerous examples of significant differences in the recognition of specific glycolipids in wild type mice versus human iNKT cell clones or PBMC samples. To predict human iNKT cell responses more accurately in a mouse model, we derived a mouse line in which compound genetic modifications were used to express a human-like iNKT cell TCR along with human CD1d in place of the endogenous mouse proteins. Detailed transcriptional and phenotypic profiling demonstrated that these partially humanized mice developed an expanded population of T cells recognizing CD1d-presented glycolipid antigens, among which a subset characterized by expression of chemokine receptor CXCR6 had features characteristic of authentic iNKT cells. Responses to iNKT cell activating glycolipids in these mice generated cytokine production in vitro and in vivo that showed a pattern of fine specificity that closely resembled that of cultured human iNKT cell clones. Anti-tumor responses to variants of α-galactosyl ceramide in VαKI mice also correlated with their potency for stimulating human iNKT cells. This genetically modified mouse line provides a practical model for human presentation and recognition of iNKT cell activators in the context of a normally functioning immune system, and may furnish valuable opportunities for preclinical evaluation of iNKT cell-based therapies.

Published
2022
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12. Human T cells engineered with a leukemia lipid-specific TCR enables donor-unrestricted recognition of CD1c-expressing leukemia

Author

Michela Consonni, Claudio Garavaglia, Andrea Grilli, Claudia de Lalla, Alessandra Mancino, Lucia Mori, Gennaro De Libero, Daniela Montagna, Monica Casucci, Marta Serafini, Chiara Bonini, Daniel Häussinger, Fabio Ciceri, Massimo Bernardi, Sara Mastaglio, Silvio Bicciato, Paolo Dellabona, and Giulia Casorati

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Leukaemia therapy may benefit from the use of antigens that are less restricted to individual donors. Here the authors engineered T cells with a TCR specific for a CD1c restricted lipid leukaemia antigen and show that they can protect against disease progression in mouse leukaemia xenograft models.

Published
2021
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13. Adoptive Immunotherapy With Engineered iNKT Cells to Target Cancer Cells and the Suppressive Microenvironment

Author

Gloria Delfanti, Paolo Dellabona, Giulia Casorati, and Maya Fedeli

Subjects
NKT cells, CD1d, cancer immunotherapy, CAR, T cell receptor, adoptive cell therapy (ACT), Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are T lymphocytes expressing a conserved semi-invariant TCR specific for lipid antigens (Ags) restricted for the monomorphic MHC class I-related molecule CD1d. iNKT cells infiltrate mouse and human tumors and play an important role in the immune surveillance against solid and hematological malignancies. Because of unique functional features, they are attractive platforms for adoptive cells immunotherapy of cancer compared to conventional T cells. iNKT cells can directly kill CD1d-expressing cancer cells, but also restrict immunosuppressive myelomonocytic populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via CD1d-cognate recognition, promoting anti-tumor responses irrespective of the CD1d expression by cancer cells. Moreover, iNKT cells can be adoptively transferred across MHC barriers without risk of alloreaction because CD1d molecules are identical in all individuals, in addition to their ability to suppress graft vs. host disease (GvHD) without impairing the anti-tumor responses. Within this functional framework, iNKT cells are successfully engineered to acquire a second antigen-specificity by expressing recombinant TCRs or Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) specific for tumor-associated antigens, enabling the direct targeting of antigen-expressing cancer cells, while maintaining their CD1d-dependent functions. These new evidences support the exploitation of iNKT cells for donor unrestricted, and possibly off the shelf, adoptive cell therapies enabling the concurrent targeting of cancer cells and suppressive microenvironment.

Published
2022
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14. Human T cells engineered with a leukemia lipid-specific TCR enables donor-unrestricted recognition of CD1c-expressing leukemia

Author

Consonni, Michela, Garavaglia, Claudio, Grilli, Andrea, de Lalla, Claudia, Mancino, Alessandra, Mori, Lucia, De Libero, Gennaro, Montagna, Daniela, Casucci, Monica, Serafini, Marta, Bonini, Chiara, Häussinger, Daniel, Ciceri, Fabio, Bernardi, Massimo, Mastaglio, Sara, Bicciato, Silvio, Dellabona, Paolo, and Casorati, Giulia

Published
2021
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15. Bone marrow central memory and memory stem T-cell exhaustion in AML patients relapsing after HSCT

Author

Maddalena Noviello, Francesco Manfredi, Eliana Ruggiero, Tommaso Perini, Giacomo Oliveira, Filippo Cortesi, Pantaleo De Simone, Cristina Toffalori, Valentina Gambacorta, Raffaella Greco, Jacopo Peccatori, Monica Casucci, Giulia Casorati, Paolo Dellabona, Masahiro Onozawa, Takanori Teshima, Marieke Griffioen, Constantijn J. M. Halkes, J. H. F. Falkenburg, Friedrich Stölzel, Heidi Altmann, Martin Bornhäuser, Miguel Waterhouse, Robert Zeiser, Jürgen Finke, Nicoletta Cieri, Attilio Bondanza, Luca Vago, Fabio Ciceri, and Chiara Bonini

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the standard treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, but many patients relapse. Here the authors show increased markers of exhaustion and cancer antigen specificity within bone marrow-residing memory T cells precede and potentially predict the relapse.

Published
2019
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16. miR‐21 sustains CD28 signalling and low‐affinity T‐cell responses at the expense of self‐tolerance

Author

Maya Fedeli, Mirela Kuka, Annamaria Finardi, Francesca Albano, Valentina Viganò, Matteo Iannacone, Roberto Furlan, Paolo Dellabona, and Giulia Casorati

Subjects
autoimmunity, CD28, costimulation, iNKT cells, miR‐21, T cells, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Objective miR‐21 is highly expressed in iNKT and activated T cells, but its T‐cell autonomous functions are poorly defined. We sought to investigate the role of miR‐21 in the development and functions of T and iNKT cells, representing adaptive and innate‐like populations, respectively. Methods We studied mice with a conditional deletion of miR‐21 in all mature T lymphocytes. Results Thymic and peripheral T and iNKT compartments were normal in miR‐21 KO mice. Upon activation in vitro, miR‐21 depletion reduced T‐cell survival, TH17 polarisation and, remarkably, T‐ and iNKT cell ability to respond to low‐affinity antigens, without altering their response to high‐affinity ones. Mechanistically, miR‐21 sustained CD28‐dependent costimulation pathways required to lower the T‐cell activation threshold, inhibiting its repressors in a positive feedback circuit, in turn increasing T‐cell sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival. Upon immunisation with the low‐affinity self‐epitope MOG35–55, miR‐21 KO mice were indeed less susceptible than WT animals to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, whereas they mounted normal T‐cell responses against high‐affinity viral epitopes generated upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Conclusion The induction of T‐cell responses to weak antigens (signal 1) depends on CD28 costimulation (signal 2). miR‐21 sustains CD28 costimulation, decreasing the T‐cell activation threshold and increasing their sensitivity to antigenic stimulation and survival, broadening the immune surveillance range. This occurs at the cost of unleashing autoimmunity, resulting from the recognition of weak self‐antigens by autoreactive immune responses. Thus, miR‐21 fine‐tunes T‐cell response and self‐/non‐self‐discrimination.

Published
2021
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17. Mir106b-25 and Mir17-92 Are Crucially Involved in the Development of Experimental Neuroinflammation

Author

Annamaria Finardi, Martina Diceglie, Luca Carbone, Caterina Arnò, Alessandra Mandelli, Giuseppe De Santis, Maya Fedeli, Paolo Dellabona, Giulia Casorati, and Roberto Furlan

Subjects
MicroRNAs, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, IL-17, Th17, miR106b-25, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNA that have key roles in the development of the immune system and are involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. We previously demonstrated that two members of the miR106b-25 cluster and the miR17-92 paralog cluster were upregulated in T regulatory cells from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The aim of the present work was to clarify the impact of miR106b-25 and miR17-92 clusters in MS pathogenesis. Here, we show that the mice lacking miR17-92 specifically in CD4+ T cells or both total miR106b-25 and miR17-92 in CD4+ T cells (double knockout) are protected from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) development while depletion of miR106b-25 only does not influence EAE susceptibility. We suggest that the absence of miR106b does not protect mice because of a mechanism of compensation of miR17-92 clusters. Moreover, the decrease of neuroinflammation was found to be associated with a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IFNγ, and IL-17) in the spinal cord of double knockout EAE mice and a reduction of Th17 inflammatory cells. These results elucidate the effect of miR106b-25 and miR17-92 deletion in MS pathogenesis and suggest that their targeted inhibition may have therapeutic effect on disease course.

Published
2020
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19. Bimodal CD40/Fas-Dependent Crosstalk between iNKT Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Impairs Prostate Cancer Progression

Author

Filippo Cortesi, Gloria Delfanti, Andrea Grilli, Arianna Calcinotto, Francesca Gorini, Ferdinando Pucci, Roberta Lucianò, Matteo Grioni, Alessandra Recchia, Fabio Benigni, Alberto Briganti, Andrea Salonia, Michele De Palma, Silvio Bicciato, Claudio Doglioni, Matteo Bellone, Giulia Casorati, and Paolo Dellabona

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: Heterotypic cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) control cancer progression. Here, we show that CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells control prostate cancer (PCa) progression by sculpting the TME. In a mouse PCa model, iNKT cells restrained the pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive capabilities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by reducing pro-angiogenic TIE2+, M2-like macrophages (TEMs), and sustaining pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. iNKT cells directly contacted macrophages in the PCa stroma, and iNKT cell transfer into tumor-bearing mice abated TEMs, delaying tumor progression. iNKT cells modulated macrophages through the cooperative engagement of CD1d, Fas, and CD40, which promoted selective killing of M2-like and survival of M1-like macrophages. Human PCa aggressiveness associate with reduced intra-tumoral iNKT cells, increased TEMs, and expression of pro-angiogenic genes, underscoring the clinical significance of this crosstalk. Therefore, iNKT cells may control PCa through mechanisms involving differential macrophage modulation, which may be harnessed for therapeutically reprogramming the TME. : Cortesi et al. provide evidence that iNKT cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance. Due to differential tuning of tumor-associated macrophage populations, iNKT cells remodel the microenvironment of prostate cancer, enforcing a tumor-opposing state that controls tumor progression. Keywords: iNKT cells, CD1d, macrophage, tumor microenvironment, prostate cancer, immunotherapy, CD40, Fas, angiogenesis

Published
2018
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20. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein is required for iNKT cell maturation and function

Author

Locci, Michela, Draghici, Elena, Marangoni, Francesco, Bosticardo, Marita, Catucci, Marco, Aiuti, Alessandro, Cancrini, Caterina, Marodi, Laszlo, Espanol, Teresa, Bredius, Robbert GM, Thrasher, Adrian J, Schulz, Ansgar, Litzman, Jiri, Roncarolo, Maria Grazia, Casorati, Giulia, Dellabona, Paolo, and Villa, Anna

Subjects
Genetics, Rare Diseases, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Animals, Cytokines, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Hyaluronan Receptors, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Mutation, Natural Killer T-Cells, Phenotype, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, Medical and Health Sciences, Immunology
Abstract

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) protein (WASp) is a regulator of actin cytoskeleton in hematopoietic cells. Mutations of the WASp gene cause WAS. Although WASp is involved in various immune cell functions, its role in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells has never been investigated. Defects of iNKT cells could indeed contribute to several WAS features, such as recurrent infections and high tumor incidence. We found a profound reduction of circulating iNKT cells in WAS patients, directly correlating with the severity of clinical phenotype. To better characterize iNKT cell defect in the absence of WASp, we analyzed was(-/-) mice. iNKT cell numbers were significantly reduced in the thymus and periphery of was(-/-) mice as compared with wild-type controls. Moreover analysis of was(-/-) iNKT cell maturation revealed a complete arrest at the CD44(+) NK1.1(-) intermediate stage. Notably, generation of BM chimeras demonstrated a was(-/-) iNKT cell-autonomous developmental defect. was(-/-) iNKT cells were also functionally impaired, as suggested by the reduced secretion of interleukin 4 and interferon gamma upon in vivo activation. Altogether, these results demonstrate the relevance of WASp in integrating signals critical for development and functional differentiation of iNKT cells and suggest that defects in these cells may play a role in WAS pathology.

Published
2009

21. Bone marrow central memory and memory stem T-cell exhaustion in AML patients relapsing after HSCT

Author

Noviello, Maddalena, Manfredi, Francesco, Ruggiero, Eliana, Perini, Tommaso, Oliveira, Giacomo, Cortesi, Filippo, De Simone, Pantaleo, Toffalori, Cristina, Gambacorta, Valentina, Greco, Raffaella, Peccatori, Jacopo, Casucci, Monica, Casorati, Giulia, Dellabona, Paolo, Onozawa, Masahiro, Teshima, Takanori, Griffioen, Marieke, Halkes, Constantijn J. M., Falkenburg, J. H. F., Stölzel, Friedrich, Altmann, Heidi, Bornhäuser, Martin, Waterhouse, Miguel, Zeiser, Robert, Finke, Jürgen, Cieri, Nicoletta, Bondanza, Attilio, Vago, Luca, Ciceri, Fabio, and Bonini, Chiara

Published
2019
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22. The Pathophysiological Relevance of the iNKT Cell/Mononuclear Phagocyte Crosstalk in Tissues

Author

Filippo Cortesi, Gloria Delfanti, Giulia Casorati, and Paolo Dellabona

Subjects
NKT cells, CD1d, monocytes, macrophages, DC, microenvironment, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are regarded as sentinels of tissue integrity by sensing local cell stress and damage. This occurs via recognition of CD1d-restricted lipid antigens, generated by stress-related metabolic changes, and stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12 and IL-18. Increasing evidence suggest that this occurs mainly upon NKT cell interaction with CD1d-expressing cells of the Mononuclear Phagocytic System, i.e., monocytes, macrophages and DCs, which patrol parenchymatous organs and mucosae to maintain tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. In this review, we discuss critical examples of this crosstalk, presenting the known underlying mechanisms and their effects on both cell types and the environment, and suggest that the interaction with CD1d-expressing mononuclear phagocytes in tissues is the fundamental job of NKT cells.

Published
2018
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23. B Cell Help by CD1d-Rectricted NKT Cells

Author

Livia Clerici, Giulia Casorati, and Paolo Dellabona

Subjects
B cell response, NKT cells, T cell help, follicular helper cells, CD1, lipids, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

B cell activation and antibody production against foreign antigens is a central step of host defense. This is achieved via highly regulated multi-phase processes that involve a variety of cells of both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells specific for peptide antigens, which acquire professional follicular B cell helper functions, have been long recognized as key players in this process. Recent data, however, challenge this paradigm by showing the existence of other helper cell types. CD1d restricted NKT cells specific for lipid antigens are one such new player and can coopt bona fide follicular helper phenotypes. Their role in helping antigen-specific B cell response to protein antigens, as well as to the so called “help-less” antigens that cannot be recognized by T follicular helper cells, is being increasingly elucidated, highlighting their potential pathophysiological impact on the immune response, as well as on the design of improved vaccine formulations.

Published
2015
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24. Human T cells engineered with a leukemia lipid-specific TCR enables donor-unrestricted recognition of CD1c-expressing leukemia

Author

Consonni, M, Garavaglia, C, Grilli, A, de Lalla, C, Mancino, A, Mori, L, De Libero, G, Montagna, D, Casucci, M, Serafini, M, Bonini, C, Häussinger, D, Ciceri, F, Bernardi, M, Mastaglio, S, Bicciato, S, Dellabona, P, Casorati, G, Consonni M, Garavaglia C, Grilli A, de Lalla C, Mancino A, Mori L, De Libero G, Montagna D, Casucci M, Serafini M, Bonini C, Häussinger D, Ciceri F, Bernardi M, Mastaglio S, Bicciato S, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Consonni, M, Garavaglia, C, Grilli, A, de Lalla, C, Mancino, A, Mori, L, De Libero, G, Montagna, D, Casucci, M, Serafini, M, Bonini, C, Häussinger, D, Ciceri, F, Bernardi, M, Mastaglio, S, Bicciato, S, Dellabona, P, Casorati, G, Consonni M, Garavaglia C, Grilli A, de Lalla C, Mancino A, Mori L, De Libero G, Montagna D, Casucci M, Serafini M, Bonini C, Häussinger D, Ciceri F, Bernardi M, Mastaglio S, Bicciato S, Dellabona P, and Casorati G

Abstract

Acute leukemia relapsing after chemotherapy plus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be treated with donor-derived T cells, but this is hampered by the need for donor/recipient MHC-matching and often results in graft-versus-host disease, prompting the search for new donor-unrestricted strategies targeting malignant cells. Leukemia blasts express CD1c antigen-presenting molecules, which are identical in all individuals and expressed only by mature leukocytes, and are recognized by T cell clones specific for the CD1c-restricted leukemia-associated methyl-lysophosphatidic acid (mLPA) lipid antigen. Here, we show that human T cells engineered to express an mLPA-specific TCR, target diverse CD1c-expressing leukemia blasts in vitro and significantly delay the progression of three models of leukemia xenograft in NSG mice, an effect that is boosted by mLPA-cellular immunization. These results highlight a strategy to redirect T cells against leukemia via transfer of a lipid-specific TCR that could be used across MHC barriers with reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease.

Published
2021

25. IL-1β+macrophages fuel pathogenic inflammation in pancreatic cancer

Author

Caronni, Nicoletta, La Terza, Federica, Vittoria, Francesco M., Barbiera, Giulia, Mezzanzanica, Luca, Cuzzola, Vincenzo, Barresi, Simona, Pellegatta, Marta, Canevazzi, Paolo, Dunsmore, Garett, Leonardi, Carlo, Montaldo, Elisa, Lusito, Eleonora, Dugnani, Erica, Citro, Antonio, Ng, Melissa S. F., Schiavo Lena, Marco, Drago, Denise, Andolfo, Annapaola, Brugiapaglia, Silvia, Scagliotti, Alessandro, Mortellaro, Alessandra, Corbo, Vincenzo, Liu, Zhaoyuan, Mondino, Anna, Dellabona, Paolo, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Taveggia, Carla, Doglioni, Claudio, Cappello, Paola, Novelli, Francesco, Iannacone, Matteo, Ng, Lai Guan, Ginhoux, Florent, Crippa, Stefano, Falconi, Massimo, Bonini, Chiara, Naldini, Luigi, Genua, Marco, and Ostuni, Renato

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with high resistance to therapies1. Inflammatory and immunomodulatory signals co-exist in the pancreatic tumour microenvironment, leading to dysregulated repair and cytotoxic responses. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) have key roles in PDAC2, but their diversity has prevented therapeutic exploitation. Here we combined single-cell and spatial genomics with functional experiments to unravel macrophage functions in pancreatic cancer. We uncovered an inflammatory loop between tumour cells and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-expressing TAMs, a subset of macrophages elicited by a local synergy between prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Physical proximity with IL-1β+TAMs was associated with inflammatory reprogramming and acquisition of pathogenic properties by a subset of PDAC cells. This occurrence was an early event in pancreatic tumorigenesis and led to persistent transcriptional changes associated with disease progression and poor outcomes for patients. Blocking PGE2or IL-1β activity elicited TAM reprogramming and antagonized tumour cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic inflammation, leading to PDAC control in vivo. Targeting the PGE2–IL-1β axis may enable preventive or therapeutic strategies for reprogramming of immune dynamics in pancreatic cancer.

Published
2023
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29. Bone marrow central memory and memory stem T-cell exhaustion in AML patients relapsing after HSCT

Author

Noviello, M, Manfredi, F, Ruggiero, E, Perini, T, Oliveira, G, Cortesi, F, De Simone, P, Toffalori, C, Gambacorta, V, Greco, R, Peccatori, J, Casucci, M, Casorati, G, Dellabona, P, Onozawa, M, Teshima, T, Griffioen, M, Halkes, C, Falkenburg, J, Stolzel, F, Altmann, H, Bornhauser, M, Waterhouse, M, Zeiser, R, Finke, J, Cieri, N, Bondanza, A, Vago, L, Ciceri, F, Bonini, C, Noviello M., Manfredi F., Ruggiero E., Perini T., Oliveira G., Cortesi F., De Simone P., Toffalori C., Gambacorta V., Greco R., Peccatori J., Casucci M., Casorati G., Dellabona P., Onozawa M., Teshima T., Griffioen M., Halkes C. J. M., Falkenburg J. H. F., Stolzel F., Altmann H., Bornhauser M., Waterhouse M., Zeiser R., Finke J., Cieri N., Bondanza A., Vago L., Ciceri F., Bonini C., Noviello, M, Manfredi, F, Ruggiero, E, Perini, T, Oliveira, G, Cortesi, F, De Simone, P, Toffalori, C, Gambacorta, V, Greco, R, Peccatori, J, Casucci, M, Casorati, G, Dellabona, P, Onozawa, M, Teshima, T, Griffioen, M, Halkes, C, Falkenburg, J, Stolzel, F, Altmann, H, Bornhauser, M, Waterhouse, M, Zeiser, R, Finke, J, Cieri, N, Bondanza, A, Vago, L, Ciceri, F, Bonini, C, Noviello M., Manfredi F., Ruggiero E., Perini T., Oliveira G., Cortesi F., De Simone P., Toffalori C., Gambacorta V., Greco R., Peccatori J., Casucci M., Casorati G., Dellabona P., Onozawa M., Teshima T., Griffioen M., Halkes C. J. M., Falkenburg J. H. F., Stolzel F., Altmann H., Bornhauser M., Waterhouse M., Zeiser R., Finke J., Cieri N., Bondanza A., Vago L., Ciceri F., and Bonini C.

Abstract

The major cause of death after allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is disease relapse. We investigated the expression of Inhibitory Receptors (IR; PD-1/CTLA-4/TIM-3/LAG-3/2B4/KLRG1/GITR) on T cells infiltrating the bone marrow (BM) of 32 AML patients relapsing (median 251 days) or maintaining complete remission (CR; median 1 year) after HSCT. A higher proportion of early-differentiated Memory Stem (T SCM ) and Central Memory BM-T cells express multiple IR in relapsing patients than in CR patients. Exhausted BM-T cells at relapse display a restricted TCR repertoire, impaired effector functions and leukemia-reactive specificities. In 57 patients, early detection of severely exhausted (PD-1 + Eomes + T-bet − ) BM-T SCM predicts relapse. Accordingly, leukemia-specific T cells in patients prone to relapse display exhaustion markers, absent in patients maintaining long-term CR. These results highlight a wide, though reversible, immunological dysfunction in the BM of AML patients relapsing after HSCT and suggest new therapeutic opportunities for the disease.

Published
2019

34. Revealing and harnessing CD39 for the treatment of colorectal cancer and liver metastases by engineered T cells

Author

Potenza, Alessia, Balestrieri, Chiara, Spiga, Martina, Albarello, Luca, Pedica, Federica, Manfredi, Francesco, Cianciotti, Beatrice Claudia, De Lalla, Claudia, Botrugno, Oronza A, Faccani, Cristina, Stasi, Lorena, Tassi, Elena, Bonfiglio, Silvia, Scotti, Giulia Maria, Redegalli, Miriam, Biancolini, Donatella, Camisa, Barbara, Tiziano, Elena, Sirini, Camilla, Casucci, Monica, Iozzi, Chiara, Abbati, Danilo, Simeoni, Fabio, Lazarevic, Dejan, Elmore, Ugo, Fiorentini, Guido, Di Lullo, Giulia, Casorati, Giulia, Doglioni, Claudio, Tonon, Giovanni, Dellabona, Paolo, Rosati, Riccardo, Aldrighetti, Luca, Ruggiero, Eliana, and Bonini, Chiara

Abstract

ObjectiveColorectal tumours are often densely infiltrated by immune cells that have a role in surveillance and modulation of tumour progression but are burdened by immunosuppressive signals, which might vary from primary to metastatic stages. Here, we deployed a multidimensional approach to unravel the T-cell functional landscape in primary colorectal cancers (CRC) and liver metastases, and genome editing tools to develop CRC-specific engineered T cells.DesignWe paired high-dimensional flow cytometry, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry to describe the functional phenotype of T cells from healthy and neoplastic tissue of patients with primary and metastatic CRC and we applied lentiviral vectors (LV) and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technologies to develop CRC-specific cellular products.ResultsWe found that T cells are mainly localised at the front edge and that tumor-infiltrating T cells co-express multiple inhibitory receptors, which largely differ from primary to metastatic sites. Our data highlighted CD39 as the major driver of exhaustion in both primary and metastatic colorectal tumours. We thus simultaneously redirected T-cell specificity employing a novel T-cell receptor targeting HER-2 and disrupted the endogenous TCR genes (TCR editing (TCRED)) and the CD39 encoding gene (ENTPD1), thus generating TCREDENTPD1KOHER-2-redirected lymphocytes. We showed that the absence of CD39 confers to HER-2-specific T cells a functional advantage in eliminating HER-2+patient-derived organoids in vitroand in vivo.ConclusionHER-2-specific CD39 disrupted engineered T cells are promising advanced medicinal products for primary and metastatic CRC.

Published
2023
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35. Intracellular modulation, extracellular disposal and serum increase of MiR-150 mark lymphocyte activation.

Author

Paola de Candia, Anna Torri, Tatiana Gorletta, Maya Fedeli, Elisabetta Bulgheroni, Cristina Cheroni, Francesco Marabita, Mariacristina Crosti, Monica Moro, Elena Pariani, Luisa Romanò, Susanna Esposito, Fabio Mosca, Grazisa Rossetti, Riccardo L Rossi, Jens Geginat, Giulia Casorati, Paolo Dellabona, Massimiliano Pagani, and Sergio Abrignani

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Activated lymphocytes release nano-sized vesicles (exosomes) containing microRNAs that can be monitored in the bloodstream. We asked whether elicitation of immune responses is followed by release of lymphocyte-specific microRNAs. We found that, upon activation in vitro, human and mouse lymphocytes down-modulate intracellular miR-150 and accumulate it in exosomes. In vivo, miR-150 levels increased significantly in serum of humans immunized with flu vaccines and in mice immunized with ovalbumin, and this increase correlated with elevation of antibody titers. Immunization of immune-deficient mice, lacking MHCII, resulted neither in antibody production nor in elevation of circulating miR-150. This study provides proof of concept that serum microRNAs can be detected, with minimally invasive procedure, as biomarkers of vaccination and more in general of adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, the prompt reduction of intracellular level of miR-150, a key regulator of mRNAs critical for lymphocyte differentiation and functions, linked to its release in the external milieu suggests that the selective extracellular disposal of microRNAs can be a rapid way to regulate gene expression during lymphocyte activation.

Published
2013
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37. iNKT cells control mouse spontaneous carcinoma independently of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells.

Author

Matteo Bellone, Monica Ceccon, Matteo Grioni, Elena Jachetti, Arianna Calcinotto, Anna Napolitano, Massimo Freschi, Giulia Casorati, and Paolo Dellabona

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundCD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes endowed with innate effector functions that aid in the establishment of adaptive T and B cell immune responses. iNKT cells have been shown to play a spontaneous protective role against experimental tumors. Yet, the interplay between iNKT and tumor-specific T cells in cancer immune surveillance/editing has never been addressed. The transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) is a realistic model of spontaneous oncogenesis, in which the tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response undergoes full tolerance upon disease progression.Principal findingsWe report here that lack of iNKT cells in TRAMP mice resulted in the appearance of more precocious and aggressive tumors that significantly reduced animal survival. TRAMP mice bearing or lacking iNKT cells responded similarly to a tumor-specific vaccination and developed tolerance to a tumor-associated antigen at comparable rate.ConclusionsHence, our data argue for a critical role of iNKT cells in the immune surveillance of carcinoma that is independent of tumor-specific CTL.

Published
2010
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38. An efficient strategy to induce and maintain in vitro human T cells specific for autologous non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Author

Glenda Canderan, Paola Gruarin, Daniela Montagna, Raffaella Fontana, Gabriele Campi, Giulio Melloni, Catia Traversari, Paolo Dellabona, and Giulia Casorati

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The efficient expansion in vitro of cytolytic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) specific for autologous tumors is crucial both for basic and translational aspects of tumor immunology. We investigated strategies to generate CTLs specific for autologous Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), the most frequent tumor in mankind, using circulating lymphocytes. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Classic Mixed Lymphocyte Tumor Cultures with NSCLC cells consistently failed to induce tumor-specific CTLs. Cross-presentation in vitro of irradiated NSCLC cells by autologous dendritic cells, by contrast, induced specific CTL lines from which we obtained a high number of tumor-specific T cell clones (TCCs). The TCCs displayed a limited TCR diversity, suggesting an origin from few tumor-specific T cell precursors, while their TCR molecular fingerprints were detected in the patient's tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, implying a role in the spontaneous anti-tumor response. Grafting NSCLC-specific TCR into primary allogeneic T cells by lentiviral vectors expressing human V-mouse C chimeric TCRalpha/beta chains overcame the growth limits of these TCCs. The resulting, rapidly expanding CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lines stably expressed the grafted chimeric TCR and specifically recognized the original NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS: This study defines a strategy to efficiently induce and propagate in vitro T cells specific for NSCLC starting from autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Published
2010
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39. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)

Author

Cossarizza, A, Chang, H-D, Radbruch, A, Acs, A, Adam, D, Adam-Klages, S, Agace, WW, Aghaeepour, N, Akdis, M, Allez, M, Almeida, LN, Alvisi, G, Anderson, G, Andrae, I, Annunziato, F, Anselmo, A, Bacher, P, Baldari, CT, Bari, S, Barnaba, V, Barros-Martins, J, Battistini, L, Bauer, W, Baumgart, S, Baumgarth, N, Baumjohann, D, Baying, B, Bebawy, M, Becher, B, Beisker, W, Benes, V, Beyaert, R, Blanco, A, Boardman, DA, Bogdan, C, Borger, JG, Borsellino, G, Boulais, PE, Bradford, JA, Brenner, D, Brinkman, RR, Brooks, AES, Busch, DH, Buescher, M, Bushnell, TP, Calzetti, F, Cameron, G, Cammarata, I, Cao, X, Cardell, SL, Casola, S, Cassatella, MA, Cavani, A, Celada, A, Chatenoud, L, Chattopadhyay, PK, Chow, S, Christakou, E, Cicin-Sain, L, Clerici, M, Colombo, FS, Cook, L, Cooke, A, Cooper, AM, Corbett, AJ, Cosma, A, Cosmi, L, Coulie, PG, Cumano, A, Cvetkovic, L, Dang, VD, Dang-Heine, C, Davey, MS, Davies, D, De Biasi, S, Del Zotto, G, Dela Cruz, GV, Delacher, M, Della Bella, S, Dellabona, P, Deniz, G, Dessing, M, Di Santo, JP, Diefenbach, A, Dieli, F, Dolf, A, Doerner, T, Dress, RJ, Dudziak, D, Dustin, M, Dutertre, C-A, Ebner, F, Eckle, SBG, Edinger, M, Eede, P, Ehrhardt, GRA, Eich, M, Engel, P, Engelhardt, B, Erdei, A, Esser, C, Everts, B, Evrard, M, Falk, CS, Fehniger, TA, Felipo-Benavent, M, Ferry, H, Feuerer, M, Filby, A, Filkor, K, Fillatreau, S, Follo, M, Foerster, I, Foster, J, Foulds, GA, Frehse, B, Frenette, PS, Frischbutter, S, Fritzsche, W, Galbraith, DW, Gangaev, A, Garbi, N, Gaudilliere, B, Gazzinelli, RT, Geginat, J, Gerner, W, Gherardin, NA, Ghoreschi, K, Gibellini, L, Ginhoux, F, Goda, K, Godfrey, DI, Goettlinger, C, Gonzalez-Navajas, JM, Goodyear, CS, Gori, A, Grogan, JL, Grummitt, D, Gruetzkau, A, Haftmann, C, Hahn, J, Hammad, H, Haemmerling, G, Hansmann, L, Hansson, G, Harpur, CM, Hartmann, S, Hauser, A, Hauser, AE, Haviland, DL, Hedley, D, Hernandez, DC, Herrera, G, Herrmann, M, Hess, C, Hoefer, T, Hoffmann, P, Hogquist, K, Holland, T, Hollt, T, Holmdahl, R, Hombrink, P, Houston, JP, Hoyer, BF, Huang, B, Huang, F-P, Huber, JE, Huehn, J, Hundemer, M, Hunter, CA, Hwang, WYK, Iannone, A, Ingelfinger, F, Ivison, SM, Jaeck, H-M, Jani, PK, Javega, B, Jonjic, S, Kaiser, T, Kalina, T, Kamradt, T, Kaufmann, SHE, Keller, B, Ketelaars, SLC, Khalilnezhad, A, Khan, S, Kisielow, J, Klenerman, P, Knopf, J, Koay, H-F, Kobow, K, Kolls, JK, Kong, WT, Kopf, M, Korn, T, Kriegsmann, K, Kristyanto, H, Kroneis, T, Krueger, A, Kuehne, J, Kukat, C, Kunkel, D, Kunze-Schumacher, H, Kurosaki, T, Kurts, C, Kvistborg, P, Kwok, I, Landry, J, Lantz, O, Lanuti, P, LaRosa, F, Lehuen, A, LeibundGut-Landmann, S, Leipold, MD, Leung, LYT, Levings, MK, Lino, AC, Liotta, F, Litwin, V, Liu, Y, Ljunggren, H-G, Lohoff, M, Lombardi, G, Lopez, L, Lopez-Botet, M, Lovett-Racke, AE, Lubberts, E, Luche, H, Ludewig, B, Lugli, E, Lunemann, S, Maecker, HT, Maggi, L, Maguire, O, Mair, F, Mair, KH, Mantovani, A, Manz, RA, Marshall, AJ, Martinez-Romero, A, Martrus, G, Marventano, I, Maslinski, W, Matarese, G, Mattioli, AV, Maueroder, C, Mazzoni, A, McCluskey, J, McGrath, M, McGuire, HM, McInnes, IB, Mei, HE, Melchers, F, Melzer, S, Mielenz, D, Miller, SD, Mills, KHG, Minderman, H, Mjosberg, J, Moore, J, Moran, B, Moretta, L, Mosmann, TR, Mueller, S, Multhoff, G, Munoz, LE, Munz, C, Nakayama, T, Nasi, M, Neumann, K, Ng, LG, Niedobitek, A, Nourshargh, S, Nunez, G, O'Connor, J-E, Ochel, A, Oja, A, Ordonez, D, Orfao, A, Orlowski-Oliver, E, Ouyang, W, Oxenius, A, Palankar, R, Panse, I, Pattanapanyasat, K, Paulsen, M, Pavlinic, D, Penter, L, Peterson, P, Peth, C, Petriz, J, Piancone, F, Pickl, WF, Piconese, S, Pinti, M, Pockley, AG, Podolska, MJ, Poon, Z, Pracht, K, Prinz, I, Pucillo, CEM, Quataert, SA, Quatrini, L, Quinn, KM, Radbruch, H, Radstake, TRDJ, Rahmig, S, Rahn, H-P, Rajwa, B, Ravichandran, G, Raz, Y, Rebhahn, JA, Recktenwald, D, Reimer, D, Reis e Sousa, C, Remmerswaal, EBM, Richter, L, Rico, LG, Riddell, A, Rieger, AM, Robinson, JP, Romagnani, C, Rubartelli, A, Ruland, J, Saalmueller, A, Saeys, Y, Saito, T, Sakaguchi, S, Sala-de-Oyanguren, F, Samstag, Y, Sanderson, S, Sandrock, I, Santoni, A, Sanz, RB, Saresella, M, Sautes-Fridman, C, Sawitzki, B, Schadt, L, Scheffold, A, Scherer, HU, Schiemann, M, Schildberg, FA, Schimisky, E, Schlitzer, A, Schlosser, J, Schmid, S, Schmitt, S, Schober, K, Schraivogel, D, Schuh, W, Schueler, T, Schulte, R, Schulz, AR, Schulz, SR, Scotta, C, Scott-Algara, D, Sester, DP, Shankey, TV, Silva-Santos, B, Simon, AK, Sitnik, KM, Sozzani, S, Speiser, DE, Spidlen, J, Stahlberg, A, Stall, AM, Stanley, N, Stark, R, Stehle, C, Steinmetz, T, Stockinger, H, Takahama, Y, Takeda, K, Tan, L, Tarnok, A, Tiegs, G, Toldi, G, Tornack, J, Traggiai, E, Trebak, M, Tree, TIM, Trotter, J, Trowsdale, J, Tsoumakidou, M, Ulrich, H, Urbanczyk, S, van de Veen, W, van den Broek, M, van der Pol, E, Van Gassen, S, Van Isterdael, G, van Lier, RAW, Veldhoen, M, Vento-Asturias, S, Vieira, P, Voehringer, D, Volk, H-D, von Borstel, A, von Volkmann, K, Waisman, A, Walker, RV, Wallace, PK, Wang, SA, Wang, XM, Ward, MD, Ward-Hartstonge, KA, Warnatz, K, Warnes, G, Warth, S, Waskow, C, Watson, JV, Watzl, C, Wegener, L, Weisenburger, T, Wiedemann, A, Wienands, J, Wilharm, A, Wilkinson, RJ, Willimsky, G, Wing, JB, Winkelmann, R, Winkler, TH, Wirz, OF, Wong, A, Wurst, P, Yang, JHM, Yang, J, Yazdanbakhsh, M, Yu, L, Yue, A, Zhang, H, Zhao, Y, Ziegler, SM, Zielinski, C, Zimmermann, J, Zychlinsky, A, Cossarizza, A, Chang, H-D, Radbruch, A, Acs, A, Adam, D, Adam-Klages, S, Agace, WW, Aghaeepour, N, Akdis, M, Allez, M, Almeida, LN, Alvisi, G, Anderson, G, Andrae, I, Annunziato, F, Anselmo, A, Bacher, P, Baldari, CT, Bari, S, Barnaba, V, Barros-Martins, J, Battistini, L, Bauer, W, Baumgart, S, Baumgarth, N, Baumjohann, D, Baying, B, Bebawy, M, Becher, B, Beisker, W, Benes, V, Beyaert, R, Blanco, A, Boardman, DA, Bogdan, C, Borger, JG, Borsellino, G, Boulais, PE, Bradford, JA, Brenner, D, Brinkman, RR, Brooks, AES, Busch, DH, Buescher, M, Bushnell, TP, Calzetti, F, Cameron, G, Cammarata, I, Cao, X, Cardell, SL, Casola, S, Cassatella, MA, Cavani, A, Celada, A, Chatenoud, L, Chattopadhyay, PK, Chow, S, Christakou, E, Cicin-Sain, L, Clerici, M, Colombo, FS, Cook, L, Cooke, A, Cooper, AM, Corbett, AJ, Cosma, A, Cosmi, L, Coulie, PG, Cumano, A, Cvetkovic, L, Dang, VD, Dang-Heine, C, Davey, MS, Davies, D, De Biasi, S, Del Zotto, G, Dela Cruz, GV, Delacher, M, Della Bella, S, Dellabona, P, Deniz, G, Dessing, M, Di Santo, JP, Diefenbach, A, Dieli, F, Dolf, A, Doerner, T, Dress, RJ, Dudziak, D, Dustin, M, Dutertre, C-A, Ebner, F, Eckle, SBG, Edinger, M, Eede, P, Ehrhardt, GRA, Eich, M, Engel, P, Engelhardt, B, Erdei, A, Esser, C, Everts, B, Evrard, M, Falk, CS, Fehniger, TA, Felipo-Benavent, M, Ferry, H, Feuerer, M, Filby, A, Filkor, K, Fillatreau, S, Follo, M, Foerster, I, Foster, J, Foulds, GA, Frehse, B, Frenette, PS, Frischbutter, S, Fritzsche, W, Galbraith, DW, Gangaev, A, Garbi, N, Gaudilliere, B, Gazzinelli, RT, Geginat, J, Gerner, W, Gherardin, NA, Ghoreschi, K, Gibellini, L, Ginhoux, F, Goda, K, Godfrey, DI, Goettlinger, C, Gonzalez-Navajas, JM, Goodyear, CS, Gori, A, Grogan, JL, Grummitt, D, Gruetzkau, A, Haftmann, C, Hahn, J, Hammad, H, Haemmerling, G, Hansmann, L, Hansson, G, Harpur, CM, Hartmann, S, Hauser, A, Hauser, AE, Haviland, DL, Hedley, D, Hernandez, DC, Herrera, G, Herrmann, M, Hess, C, Hoefer, T, Hoffmann, P, Hogquist, K, Holland, T, Hollt, T, Holmdahl, R, Hombrink, P, Houston, JP, Hoyer, BF, Huang, B, Huang, F-P, Huber, JE, Huehn, J, Hundemer, M, Hunter, CA, Hwang, WYK, Iannone, A, Ingelfinger, F, Ivison, SM, Jaeck, H-M, Jani, PK, Javega, B, Jonjic, S, Kaiser, T, Kalina, T, Kamradt, T, Kaufmann, SHE, Keller, B, Ketelaars, SLC, Khalilnezhad, A, Khan, S, Kisielow, J, Klenerman, P, Knopf, J, Koay, H-F, Kobow, K, Kolls, JK, Kong, WT, Kopf, M, Korn, T, Kriegsmann, K, Kristyanto, H, Kroneis, T, Krueger, A, Kuehne, J, Kukat, C, Kunkel, D, Kunze-Schumacher, H, Kurosaki, T, Kurts, C, Kvistborg, P, Kwok, I, Landry, J, Lantz, O, Lanuti, P, LaRosa, F, Lehuen, A, LeibundGut-Landmann, S, Leipold, MD, Leung, LYT, Levings, MK, Lino, AC, Liotta, F, Litwin, V, Liu, Y, Ljunggren, H-G, Lohoff, M, Lombardi, G, Lopez, L, Lopez-Botet, M, Lovett-Racke, AE, Lubberts, E, Luche, H, Ludewig, B, Lugli, E, Lunemann, S, Maecker, HT, Maggi, L, Maguire, O, Mair, F, Mair, KH, Mantovani, A, Manz, RA, Marshall, AJ, Martinez-Romero, A, Martrus, G, Marventano, I, Maslinski, W, Matarese, G, Mattioli, AV, Maueroder, C, Mazzoni, A, McCluskey, J, McGrath, M, McGuire, HM, McInnes, IB, Mei, HE, Melchers, F, Melzer, S, Mielenz, D, Miller, SD, Mills, KHG, Minderman, H, Mjosberg, J, Moore, J, Moran, B, Moretta, L, Mosmann, TR, Mueller, S, Multhoff, G, Munoz, LE, Munz, C, Nakayama, T, Nasi, M, Neumann, K, Ng, LG, Niedobitek, A, Nourshargh, S, Nunez, G, O'Connor, J-E, Ochel, A, Oja, A, Ordonez, D, Orfao, A, Orlowski-Oliver, E, Ouyang, W, Oxenius, A, Palankar, R, Panse, I, Pattanapanyasat, K, Paulsen, M, Pavlinic, D, Penter, L, Peterson, P, Peth, C, Petriz, J, Piancone, F, Pickl, WF, Piconese, S, Pinti, M, Pockley, AG, Podolska, MJ, Poon, Z, Pracht, K, Prinz, I, Pucillo, CEM, Quataert, SA, Quatrini, L, Quinn, KM, Radbruch, H, Radstake, TRDJ, Rahmig, S, Rahn, H-P, Rajwa, B, Ravichandran, G, Raz, Y, Rebhahn, JA, Recktenwald, D, Reimer, D, Reis e Sousa, C, Remmerswaal, EBM, Richter, L, Rico, LG, Riddell, A, Rieger, AM, Robinson, JP, Romagnani, C, Rubartelli, A, Ruland, J, Saalmueller, A, Saeys, Y, Saito, T, Sakaguchi, S, Sala-de-Oyanguren, F, Samstag, Y, Sanderson, S, Sandrock, I, Santoni, A, Sanz, RB, Saresella, M, Sautes-Fridman, C, Sawitzki, B, Schadt, L, Scheffold, A, Scherer, HU, Schiemann, M, Schildberg, FA, Schimisky, E, Schlitzer, A, Schlosser, J, Schmid, S, Schmitt, S, Schober, K, Schraivogel, D, Schuh, W, Schueler, T, Schulte, R, Schulz, AR, Schulz, SR, Scotta, C, Scott-Algara, D, Sester, DP, Shankey, TV, Silva-Santos, B, Simon, AK, Sitnik, KM, Sozzani, S, Speiser, DE, Spidlen, J, Stahlberg, A, Stall, AM, Stanley, N, Stark, R, Stehle, C, Steinmetz, T, Stockinger, H, Takahama, Y, Takeda, K, Tan, L, Tarnok, A, Tiegs, G, Toldi, G, Tornack, J, Traggiai, E, Trebak, M, Tree, TIM, Trotter, J, Trowsdale, J, Tsoumakidou, M, Ulrich, H, Urbanczyk, S, van de Veen, W, van den Broek, M, van der Pol, E, Van Gassen, S, Van Isterdael, G, van Lier, RAW, Veldhoen, M, Vento-Asturias, S, Vieira, P, Voehringer, D, Volk, H-D, von Borstel, A, von Volkmann, K, Waisman, A, Walker, RV, Wallace, PK, Wang, SA, Wang, XM, Ward, MD, Ward-Hartstonge, KA, Warnatz, K, Warnes, G, Warth, S, Waskow, C, Watson, JV, Watzl, C, Wegener, L, Weisenburger, T, Wiedemann, A, Wienands, J, Wilharm, A, Wilkinson, RJ, Willimsky, G, Wing, JB, Winkelmann, R, Winkler, TH, Wirz, OF, Wong, A, Wurst, P, Yang, JHM, Yang, J, Yazdanbakhsh, M, Yu, L, Yue, A, Zhang, H, Zhao, Y, Ziegler, SM, Zielinski, C, Zimmermann, J, and Zychlinsky, A

Abstract

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.

Published
2019

41. Generation of functional HLA-DR*1101 tetramers receptive for loading with pathogen or tumour derived synthetic peptides

Author

Protti Maria, Glaichenhaus Nicholas, Giabbai Barbara, Degano Massimo, Dallegno Eliana, Martinoli Chiara, Cecconi Virginia, Moro Monica, Dellabona Paolo, and Casorati Giulia

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background MHC class I-peptide tetramers are currently utilised to characterize CD8+ T cell responses at single cell level. The generation and use of MHC class II tetramers to study antigen-specific CD4+ T cells appears less straightforward. Most MHC class II tetramers are produced with a homogeneously built-in peptide, reducing greatly their flexibility of use. We attempted the generation of "empty" functional HLA-DR*1101 tetramers, receptive for loading with synthetic peptides by incubation. No such reagent is in fact available for this HLA-DR allele, one of the most frequent in the Caucasian population. Results We compared soluble MHC class II-immunoglobulin fusion proteins (HLA-DR*1101-Ig) with soluble MHC class II protein fused with an optimised Bir site for enzymatic biotynilation (HLA-DR*1101-Bir), both produced in insect cells. The molecules were multimerised by binding fluorochrome-protein A or fluorochrome-streptavidin, respectively. We find that HLA-DR*1101-Bir molecules are superior to the HLA-DR*1101-Ig ones both in biochemical and functional terms. HLA-DR*1101-Bir molecules can be pulsed with at least three different promiscuous peptide epitopes, derived from Tetanus Toxoid, influenza HA and the tumour associated antigen MAGE-3 respectively, to stain specific CD4+ T cells. Both staining temperature and activation state of CD4+ T cells are critical for the binding of peptide-pulsed HLA-DR*1101-Bir to the cognate TCR. Conclusion It is therefore possible to generate a soluble recombinant HLA-DR*1101 backbone that is receptive for loading with different peptides to stain specific CD4+ T cells. As shown for other HLA-DR alleles, we confirm that not all the strategies to produce soluble HLA-DR*1101 multimers are equivalent.

Published
2005
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42. CD4+ T cells sustain aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Eμ-TCL1 mice through a CD40L-independent mechanism

Author

Grioni, Matteo, Brevi, Arianna, Cattaneo, Elena, Rovida, Alessandra, Bordini, Jessica, Bertilaccio, Maria Teresa Sabrina, Ponzoni, Maurilio, Casorati, Giulia, Dellabona, Paolo, Ghia, Paolo, Bellone, Matteo, and Calcinotto, Arianna

Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by the progressive accumulation of mature CD5+ B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. In vitro data suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes also sustain survival and proliferation of CLL clones through CD40L/CD40 interactions. In vivo data in animal models are conflicting. To clarify this clinically relevant biological issue, we generated genetically modified Eμ-TCL1 mice lacking CD4+ T cells (TCL1+/+AB0), CD40 (TCL1+/+CD40−/−), or CD8+ T cells (TCL1+/+TAP−/−), and we monitored the appearance and progression of a disease that mimics aggressive human CLL by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses. Findings were confirmed by adoptive transfer of leukemic cells into mice lacking CD4+ T cells or CD40L or mice treated with antibodies depleting CD4 T cells or blocking CD40L/CD40 interactions. CLL clones did not proliferate in mice lacking or depleted of CD4+ T cells, thus confirming that CD4+ T cells are essential for CLL development. By contrast, CD8+ T cells exerted an antitumor activity, as indicated by the accelerated disease progression in TCL1+/+TAP−/− mice. Antigen specificity of CD4+ T cells was marginal for CLL development, because CLL clones efficiently proliferated in transgenic mice whose CD4 T cells had a T-cell receptor with CLL-unrelated specificities. Leukemic clones also proliferated when transferred into wild-type mice treated with monoclonal antibodies blocking CD40 or into CD40L−/− mice, and TCL1+/+CD40−/− mice developed frank CLL. Our data demonstrate that CD8+ T cells restrain CLL progression, whereas CD4+ T cells support the growth of leukemic clones in TCL1 mice through CD40-independent and apparently noncognate mechanisms.

Published
2021
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43. CD4+T cells sustain aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Eμ-TCL1 mice through a CD40L-independent mechanism

Author

Grioni, Matteo, Brevi, Arianna, Cattaneo, Elena, Rovida, Alessandra, Bordini, Jessica, Bertilaccio, Maria Teresa Sabrina, Ponzoni, Maurilio, Casorati, Giulia, Dellabona, Paolo, Ghia, Paolo, Bellone, Matteo, and Calcinotto, Arianna

Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by the progressive accumulation of mature CD5+B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. In vitro data suggest that CD4+T lymphocytes also sustain survival and proliferation of CLL clones through CD40L/CD40 interactions. In vivo data in animal models are conflicting. To clarify this clinically relevant biological issue, we generated genetically modified Eμ-TCL1 mice lacking CD4+T cells (TCL1+/+AB0), CD40 (TCL1+/+CD40−/−), or CD8+T cells (TCL1+/+TAP−/−), and we monitored the appearance and progression of a disease that mimics aggressive human CLL by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses. Findings were confirmed by adoptive transfer of leukemic cells into mice lacking CD4+T cells or CD40L or mice treated with antibodies depleting CD4 T cells or blocking CD40L/CD40 interactions. CLL clones did not proliferate in mice lacking or depleted of CD4+T cells, thus confirming that CD4+T cells are essential for CLL development. By contrast, CD8+T cells exerted an antitumor activity, as indicated by the accelerated disease progression in TCL1+/+TAP−/−mice. Antigen specificity of CD4+T cells was marginal for CLL development, because CLL clones efficiently proliferated in transgenic mice whose CD4 T cells had a T-cell receptor with CLL-unrelated specificities. Leukemic clones also proliferated when transferred into wild-type mice treated with monoclonal antibodies blocking CD40 or into CD40L−/−mice, and TCL1+/+CD40−/−mice developed frank CLL. Our data demonstrate that CD8+T cells restrain CLL progression, whereas CD4+T cells support the growth of leukemic clones in TCL1 mice through CD40-independent and apparently noncognate mechanisms.

Published
2021
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45. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies

Author

Cossarizza, A. (Andrea), Chang, H.-D. (Hyun-Dong), Radbruch, A. (Andreas), Andrä, I. (Immanuel), Annunziato, F. (Francesco), Bacher, P. (Petra), Barnaba, V. (Vincenzo), Battistini, L. (Luca), Bauer, W.M. (Wolfgang M.), Baumgart, S. (Sabine), Becher, B. (Burkhard), Beisker, W. (Wolfgang), Berek, C. (Claudia), Blanco, A. (Alfonso), Borsellino, G. (Giovanna), Boulais, P.E. (Philip E.), Brinkman, R.R. (Ryan R.), Büscher, M. (Martin), Busch, D.H. (Dirk), Bushnell, T.P. (Timothy P.), Cao, X. (Xuetao), Cavani, A. (Andrea), Chattopadhyay, P.K. (Pratip K.), Cheng, Q. (Qingyu), Chow, S. (Sue), Clerici, M. (Mario), Cooke, A. (Anne), Cosma, A. (Antonio), Cosmi, L. (Lorenzo), Cumano, A. (Ana), Dang, V.D. (Van Duc), Davies, D. (Derek), De Biasi, S. (Sara), Del Zotto, G. (Genny), Della Bella, S. (Silvia), Dellabona, P. (Paolo), Deniz, G. (Gunnur), Dessing, M. (Mark), Diefenbach, A. (Andreas), Santo, J.P. (James) di, Dieli, F. (Francesco), Dolf, A. (Andreas), Donnenberg, V.S. (Vera S.), Dörner, A. (Andrea), Ehrhardt, G.R.A. (Götz R. A.), Endl, E. (Elmar), Engel, P. (Pablo), Engelhardt, B. (Britta), Esser, C. (Charlotte), Everts, B. (Bart), Falk, C.S. (Christine S.), Fehniger, T.A. (Todd A.), Filby, A. (Andrew), Fillatreau, S. (Simon), Follo, M. (Marie), Förster, I. (Irmgard), Foster, J. (John), Foulds, G.A. (Gemma A.), Frenette, P.S. (Paul S.), Galbraith, D. (David), Garbi, N. (Natalio), García-Godoy, M.D. (Maria Dolores), Ghoreschi, K. (Kamran), Gibellini, L. (Lara), Goettlinger, C. (Christoph), Goodyear, C.S. (Carl), Gori, A. (Andrea), Grogan, J.L. (Jane), Gross, M. (Mor), Grützkau, A. (Andreas), Grummitt, D. (Daryl), Hahn, J. (Jonas), Hammer, Q. (Quirin), Hauser, A.E. (Anja E.), Haviland, D.L. (David L.), Hedley, D. (David), Herrera, G. (Guadalupe), Herrmann, M. (Martin), Hiepe, F. (Falk), Holland, T. (Tristan), Hombrink, P. (Pleun), Houston, J.P. (Jessica P.), Hoyer, B.F. (Bimba F.), Huang, B. (Bo), Hunter, C.A. (Christopher A.), Iannone, A. (Anna), Jäck, H.-M. (Hans-Martin), Jávega, B. (Beatriz), Jonjic, S. (Stipan), Juelke, K. (Kerstin), Jung, S. (Steffen), Kaiser, T. (Toralf), Kalina, T. (Tomas), Keller, B. (Baerbel), Khan, S. (Srijit), Kienhöfer, D. (Deborah), Kroneis, T. (Thomas), Kunkel, D. (Désirée), Kurts, C. (Christian), Kvistborg, P. (Pia), Lannigan, J. (Joanne), Lantz, O. (Olivier), Larbi, A. (Anis), LeibundGut-Landmann, S. (Salome), Leipold, M.D. (Michael D.), Levings, M.K., Litwin, V. (Virginia), Liu, Y. (Yanling), Lohoff, M. (Michael), Lombardi, G. (Giovanna), Lopez, L. (Lilly), Lovett-Racke, A. (Amy), Lubberts, E.W. (Erik), Ludewig, B. (Burkhard), Lugli, E. (Enrico), Maecker, H.T. (Holden T.), Martrus, G. (Glòria), Matarese, G. (Giuseppe), Maueröder, C. (Christian), McGrath, M. (Mairi), McInnes, I.B. (Iain), Mei, H.E. (Henrik E.), Melchers, F. (Fritz), Melzer, S. (Susanne), Mielenz, D. (Dirk), Mills, K. (Kingston), Mjösberg, J.M. (Jenny), Moore, J. (Jonni), Moran, B. (Barry), Moretta, A. (Alessandro), Moretta, L. (Lorenzo), Mosmann, T.R. (Tim R.), Müller, S. (Susann), Müller, W. (Werner), Münz, C. (Christian), Multhoff, G. (Gabriele), Munoz, L.E. (Luis Enrique), Murphy, K.M. (Kenneth M.), Nakayama, T. (Toshinori), Nasi, M. (Milena), Neudörfl, C. (Christine), Nolan, J. (John), Nourshargh, S. (Sussan), O'Connor, J.-E. (José-Enrique), Ouyang, W. (Wenjun), Oxenius, A. (Annette), Palankar, R. (Raghav), Panse, I. (Isabel), Peterson, P. (Pärt), Peth, C. (Christian), Petriz, J. (Jordi), Philips, D. (Daisy), Pickl, W. (Winfried), Piconese, S. (Silvia), Pinti, M. (Marcello), Pockley, A.G. (A. Graham), Podolska, M.J. (Malgorzata Justyna), Pucillo, C. (Carlo), Quataert, S.A. (Sally A.), Radstake, T.R.D.J. (Timothy R. D. J.), Rajwa, B. (Bartek), Rebhahn, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Recktenwald, D. (Diether), Remmerswaal, D. (Daniëlle), Rezvani, K. (Katy), Rico, L.G. (Laura G.), Robinson, J.P. (J. Paul), Romagnani, C. (Chiara), Rubartelli, A. (Anna), Ruland, J. (Jürgen), Sakaguchi, S. (Shimon), Sala-de-Oyanguren, F. (Francisco), Samstag, Y. (Yvonne), Sanderson, S. (Sharon), Sawitzki, B. (Birgit), Scheffold, A. (Alexander), Schiemann, M. (Matthias), Schildberg, F. (Frank), Schimisky, E. (Esther), Schmid, S.A. (Stephan A), Schmitt, S. (Steffen), Schober, K. (Kilian), Schüler, T. (Thomas), Schulz, A.R. (Axel Ronald), Schumacher, T.N. (Ton), Scotta, C. (Cristiano), Shankey, T.V. (T. Vincent), Shemer, A. (Anat), Simon, A.-K. (Anna-Katharina), Spidlen, J. (Josef), Stall, A.M. (Alan M.), Stark, R. (Regina), Stehle, C. (Christina), Stein, M. (Merle), Steinmetz, T. (Tobit), Stockinger, H. (Hannes), Takahama, Y. (Yousuke), Tarnok, A. (Attila), Tian, Z. (ZhiGang), Toldi, G. (Gergely), Tornack, J. (Julia), Traggiai, E. (Elisabetta), Trotter, J. (Joe), Ulrich, H. (Henning), van der Braber, M. (Marlous), Van Lier, R.A.W. (Rene A. W.), Veldhoen, M. (Marcello), Vento-Asturias, S. (Salvador), Vieira, P. (Paulo), Voehringer, D. (David), Volk, H.D. (Hans), von Volkmann, K. (Konrad), Waisman, A. (Ari), Walker, R. (Rachael), Ward, M.D. (Michael D.), Warnatz, K. (Klaus), Warth, S. (Sarah), Watson, J.V. (James V.), Watzl, C. (Carsten), Wegener, L. (Leonie), Wiedemann, A. (Annika), Wienands, J. (Jürgen), Willimsky, G. (Gerald), Wing, J. (James), Wurst, P. (Peter), Yu, L. (Liping), Yue, A. (Alice), Zhang, Q. (Qianjun), Zhao, Y. (Yi), Ziegler, S. (Susanne), Zimmermann, J. (Jakob), Cossarizza, A. (Andrea), Chang, H.-D. (Hyun-Dong), Radbruch, A. (Andreas), Andrä, I. (Immanuel), Annunziato, F. (Francesco), Bacher, P. (Petra), Barnaba, V. (Vincenzo), Battistini, L. (Luca), Bauer, W.M. (Wolfgang M.), Baumgart, S. (Sabine), Becher, B. (Burkhard), Beisker, W. (Wolfgang), Berek, C. (Claudia), Blanco, A. (Alfonso), Borsellino, G. (Giovanna), Boulais, P.E. (Philip E.), Brinkman, R.R. (Ryan R.), Büscher, M. (Martin), Busch, D.H. (Dirk), Bushnell, T.P. (Timothy P.), Cao, X. (Xuetao), Cavani, A. (Andrea), Chattopadhyay, P.K. (Pratip K.), Cheng, Q. (Qingyu), Chow, S. (Sue), Clerici, M. (Mario), Cooke, A. (Anne), Cosma, A. (Antonio), Cosmi, L. (Lorenzo), Cumano, A. (Ana), Dang, V.D. (Van Duc), Davies, D. (Derek), De Biasi, S. (Sara), Del Zotto, G. (Genny), Della Bella, S. (Silvia), Dellabona, P. (Paolo), Deniz, G. (Gunnur), Dessing, M. (Mark), Diefenbach, A. (Andreas), Santo, J.P. (James) di, Dieli, F. (Francesco), Dolf, A. (Andreas), Donnenberg, V.S. (Vera S.), Dörner, A. (Andrea), Ehrhardt, G.R.A. (Götz R. A.), Endl, E. (Elmar), Engel, P. (Pablo), Engelhardt, B. (Britta), Esser, C. (Charlotte), Everts, B. (Bart), Falk, C.S. (Christine S.), Fehniger, T.A. (Todd A.), Filby, A. (Andrew), Fillatreau, S. (Simon), Follo, M. (Marie), Förster, I. (Irmgard), Foster, J. (John), Foulds, G.A. (Gemma A.), Frenette, P.S. (Paul S.), Galbraith, D. (David), Garbi, N. (Natalio), García-Godoy, M.D. (Maria Dolores), Ghoreschi, K. (Kamran), Gibellini, L. (Lara), Goettlinger, C. (Christoph), Goodyear, C.S. (Carl), Gori, A. (Andrea), Grogan, J.L. (Jane), Gross, M. (Mor), Grützkau, A. (Andreas), Grummitt, D. (Daryl), Hahn, J. (Jonas), Hammer, Q. (Quirin), Hauser, A.E. (Anja E.), Haviland, D.L. (David L.), Hedley, D. (David), Herrera, G. (Guadalupe), Herrmann, M. (Martin), Hiepe, F. (Falk), Holland, T. (Tristan), Hombrink, P. (Pleun), Houston, J.P. (Jessica P.), Hoyer, B.F. (Bimba F.), Huang, B. (Bo), Hunter, C.A. (Christopher A.), Iannone, A. (Anna), Jäck, H.-M. (Hans-Martin), Jávega, B. (Beatriz), Jonjic, S. (Stipan), Juelke, K. (Kerstin), Jung, S. (Steffen), Kaiser, T. (Toralf), Kalina, T. (Tomas), Keller, B. (Baerbel), Khan, S. (Srijit), Kienhöfer, D. (Deborah), Kroneis, T. (Thomas), Kunkel, D. (Désirée), Kurts, C. (Christian), Kvistborg, P. (Pia), Lannigan, J. (Joanne), Lantz, O. (Olivier), Larbi, A. (Anis), LeibundGut-Landmann, S. (Salome), Leipold, M.D. (Michael D.), Levings, M.K., Litwin, V. (Virginia), Liu, Y. (Yanling), Lohoff, M. (Michael), Lombardi, G. (Giovanna), Lopez, L. (Lilly), Lovett-Racke, A. (Amy), Lubberts, E.W. (Erik), Ludewig, B. (Burkhard), Lugli, E. (Enrico), Maecker, H.T. (Holden T.), Martrus, G. (Glòria), Matarese, G. (Giuseppe), Maueröder, C. (Christian), McGrath, M. (Mairi), McInnes, I.B. (Iain), Mei, H.E. (Henrik E.), Melchers, F. (Fritz), Melzer, S. (Susanne), Mielenz, D. (Dirk), Mills, K. (Kingston), Mjösberg, J.M. (Jenny), Moore, J. (Jonni), Moran, B. (Barry), Moretta, A. (Alessandro), Moretta, L. (Lorenzo), Mosmann, T.R. (Tim R.), Müller, S. (Susann), Müller, W. (Werner), Münz, C. (Christian), Multhoff, G. (Gabriele), Munoz, L.E. (Luis Enrique), Murphy, K.M. (Kenneth M.), Nakayama, T. (Toshinori), Nasi, M. (Milena), Neudörfl, C. (Christine), Nolan, J. (John), Nourshargh, S. (Sussan), O'Connor, J.-E. (José-Enrique), Ouyang, W. (Wenjun), Oxenius, A. (Annette), Palankar, R. (Raghav), Panse, I. (Isabel), Peterson, P. (Pärt), Peth, C. (Christian), Petriz, J. (Jordi), Philips, D. (Daisy), Pickl, W. (Winfried), Piconese, S. (Silvia), Pinti, M. (Marcello), Pockley, A.G. (A. Graham), Podolska, M.J. (Malgorzata Justyna), Pucillo, C. (Carlo), Quataert, S.A. (Sally A.), Radstake, T.R.D.J. (Timothy R. D. J.), Rajwa, B. (Bartek), Rebhahn, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Recktenwald, D. (Diether), Remmerswaal, D. (Daniëlle), Rezvani, K. (Katy), Rico, L.G. (Laura G.), Robinson, J.P. (J. Paul), Romagnani, C. (Chiara), Rubartelli, A. (Anna), Ruland, J. (Jürgen), Sakaguchi, S. (Shimon), Sala-de-Oyanguren, F. (Francisco), Samstag, Y. (Yvonne), Sanderson, S. (Sharon), Sawitzki, B. (Birgit), Scheffold, A. (Alexander), Schiemann, M. (Matthias), Schildberg, F. (Frank), Schimisky, E. (Esther), Schmid, S.A. (Stephan A), Schmitt, S. (Steffen), Schober, K. (Kilian), Schüler, T. (Thomas), Schulz, A.R. (Axel Ronald), Schumacher, T.N. (Ton), Scotta, C. (Cristiano), Shankey, T.V. (T. Vincent), Shemer, A. (Anat), Simon, A.-K. (Anna-Katharina), Spidlen, J. (Josef), Stall, A.M. (Alan M.), Stark, R. (Regina), Stehle, C. (Christina), Stein, M. (Merle), Steinmetz, T. (Tobit), Stockinger, H. (Hannes), Takahama, Y. (Yousuke), Tarnok, A. (Attila), Tian, Z. (ZhiGang), Toldi, G. (Gergely), Tornack, J. (Julia), Traggiai, E. (Elisabetta), Trotter, J. (Joe), Ulrich, H. (Henning), van der Braber, M. (Marlous), Van Lier, R.A.W. (Rene A. W.), Veldhoen, M. (Marcello), Vento-Asturias, S. (Salvador), Vieira, P. (Paulo), Voehringer, D. (David), Volk, H.D. (Hans), von Volkmann, K. (Konrad), Waisman, A. (Ari), Walker, R. (Rachael), Ward, M.D. (Michael D.), Warnatz, K. (Klaus), Warth, S. (Sarah), Watson, J.V. (James V.), Watzl, C. (Carsten), Wegener, L. (Leonie), Wiedemann, A. (Annika), Wienands, J. (Jürgen), Willimsky, G. (Gerald), Wing, J. (James), Wurst, P. (Peter), Yu, L. (Liping), Yue, A. (Alice), Zhang, Q. (Qianjun), Zhao, Y. (Yi), Ziegler, S. (Susanne), and Zimmermann, J. (Jakob)

Published
2017
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46. T cell neoepitope discovery in colorectal cancer by high throughput profiling of somatic mutations in expressed genes

Author

Mennonna, D, Maccalli, C, Romano, M, Garavaglia, C, Capocefalo, F, Bordoni, R, Severgnini, M, De Bellis, G, Sidney, J, Sette, A, Gori, A, Longhi, R, Braga, M, Ghirardelli, L, Baldari, L, Orsenigo, E, Albarello, L, Zino, E, Fleischhauer, K, Mazzola, G, Ferrero, N, Amoroso, A, Casorati, G, Parmiani, G, Dellabona, P, Mennonna, Daniele, Maccalli, Cristina, Romano, Michele C., Garavaglia, Claudio, Capocefalo, Filippo, Bordoni, Roberta, Severgnini, Marco, De Bellis, Gianluca, Sidney, John, Sette, Alessandro, Gori, Alessandro, Longhi, Renato, Braga, Marco, Ghirardelli, Luca, Baldari, Ludovica, Orsenigo, Elena, Albarello, Luca, Zino, Elisabetta, Fleischhauer, Katharina, Mazzola, Gina, Ferrero, Norma, Amoroso, Antonio, Casorati, Giulia, Parmiani, Giorgio, Dellabona, Paolo, Mennonna, D, Maccalli, C, Romano, M, Garavaglia, C, Capocefalo, F, Bordoni, R, Severgnini, M, De Bellis, G, Sidney, J, Sette, A, Gori, A, Longhi, R, Braga, M, Ghirardelli, L, Baldari, L, Orsenigo, E, Albarello, L, Zino, E, Fleischhauer, K, Mazzola, G, Ferrero, N, Amoroso, A, Casorati, G, Parmiani, G, Dellabona, P, Mennonna, Daniele, Maccalli, Cristina, Romano, Michele C., Garavaglia, Claudio, Capocefalo, Filippo, Bordoni, Roberta, Severgnini, Marco, De Bellis, Gianluca, Sidney, John, Sette, Alessandro, Gori, Alessandro, Longhi, Renato, Braga, Marco, Ghirardelli, Luca, Baldari, Ludovica, Orsenigo, Elena, Albarello, Luca, Zino, Elisabetta, Fleischhauer, Katharina, Mazzola, Gina, Ferrero, Norma, Amoroso, Antonio, Casorati, Giulia, Parmiani, Giorgio, and Dellabona, Paolo

Abstract

Objective Patient-specific (unique) tumour antigens, encoded by somatically mutated cancer genes, generate neoepitopes that are implicated in the induction of tumour-controlling T cell responses. Recent advancements in massive DNA sequencing combined with robust T cell epitope predictions have allowed their systematic identification in several malignancies. Design We undertook the identification of unique neoepitopes in colorectal cancers (CRCs) by using high-throughput sequencing of cDNAs expressed by standard cancer cell cultures, and by related cancer stem/initiating cells (CSCs) cultures, coupled with a reverse immunology approach not requiring human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele-specific epitope predictions. Results Several unique mutated antigens of CRC, shared by standard cancer and related CSC cultures, were identified by this strategy. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, either autologous to the patient or derived from HLA-matched healthy donors, were readily expanded in vitro by peptides spanning different cancer mutations and specifically recognised differentiated cancer cells and CSC cultures, expressing the mutations. Neoepitope-specific CD8+ T cell frequency was also increased in a patient, compared with healthy donors, supporting the occurrence of clonal expansion in vivo. Conclusions These results provide a proof-of-concept approach for the identification of unique neoepitopes that are immunogenic in patients with CRC and can also target T cells against the most aggressive CSC component.

Published
2017

48. Cancer-Initiating Cells from Colorectal Cancer Patients Escape from T Cell-Mediated Immunosurveillance In Vitro through Membrane-Bound IL-4

Author

Volontè, A, Di Tomaso, T, Spinelli, M, Sanvito, F, Alabarello, L, Bissolati, M, Ghirardelii, L. Orsenigo, E, Ferrone, S, Doglioni, C, STASSI, Giorgio, Dellabona, P, Staudacher, C, Parmiani, G, Maccalli, C, TODARO, Matilde, Volonte, Andrea, Di Tomaso, Tiziano, Spinelli, Michela, Todaro, Matilde, Sanvito, Francesca, Albarello, Luca, Bissolati, Massimiliano, Ghirardelli, Luca, Orsenigo, Elena, Ferrone, Soldano, Doglioni, Claudio, Stassi, Giorgio, Dellabona, Paolo, Staudacher, Carlo, Parmiani, Giorgio, Maccalli, Cristina, Volontè, A, Di Tomaso, T, Spinelli, M, Sanvito, F, Alabarello, L, Bissolati, M, Ghirardelii, L Orsenigo, E, Ferrone, S, Doglioni, C, Stassi, G, Dellabona, P, Staudacher, C, Parmiani, G, Maccalli, C, and Todaro, M

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, T cell, T-Lymphocytes, Immunology, Tumor initiation, Cell Communication, Lymphocyte Activation, Article, Immune system, Antigen, Antigens, Neoplasm, Cell Line, Tumor, Spheroids, Cellular, medicine, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Immunologic Surveillance, Interleukin 4, Settore MED/04 - Patologia Generale, biology, CD44, Cell Membrane, Immunotherapy, Immunosurveillance, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein, Neoplastic Stem Cells, Tumor Escape, Interleukin-4, Colorectal Neoplasms, IL-4, Cancer-initiating cells (CICs)
Abstract

Cancer-initiating cells (CICs) that are responsible for tumor initiation, propagation, and resistance to standard therapies have been isolated from human solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to obtain an immunological profile of CRC-derived CICs and to identify CIC-associated target molecules for T cell immunotherapy. We have isolated cells with CIC properties along with their putative non-CIC autologous counterparts from human primary CRC tissues. These CICs have been shown to display “tumor-initiating/stemness” properties, including the expression of CIC-associated markers (e.g., CD44, CD24, ALDH-1, EpCAM, Lgr5), multipotency, and tumorigenicity following injection in immunodeficient mice. The immune profile of these cells was assessed by phenotype analysis and by in vitro stimulation of PBMCs with CICs as a source of Ags. CICs, compared with non-CIC counterparts, showed weak immunogenicity. This feature correlated with the expression of high levels of immunomodulatory molecules, such as IL-4, and with CIC-mediated inhibitory activity for anti-tumor T cell responses. CIC-associated IL-4 was found to be responsible for this negative function, which requires cell-to-cell contact with T lymphocytes and which is impaired by blocking IL-4 signaling. In addition, the CRC-associated Ag COA-1 was found to be expressed by CICs and to represent, in an autologous setting, a target molecule for anti-tumor T cells. Our study provides relevant information that may contribute to designing new immunotherapy protocols to target CICs in CRC patients.

Published
2014

49. Fine tuning by human CD1e of lipid-specific immune responses

Author

Facciotti, F, Cavallari, M, Angenieux, C, Garcia-Alles, L, Signorino-Gelo, F, Angman, L, Gilleron, M, Prandi, J, Puzo, G, Panza, L, Xia, C, Wang, P, Dellabona, P, Casorati, G, Porcelli, S, de la Salle, H, Mori, L, De Libero, G, Facciotti F, Cavallari M, Angenieux C, Garcia-Alles LF, Signorino-Gelo F, Angman L, Gilleron M, Prandi J, Puzo G, Panza L, Xia CF, Wang PG, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Porcelli SA, de la Salle H, Mori L, De Libero G, Facciotti, F, Cavallari, M, Angenieux, C, Garcia-Alles, L, Signorino-Gelo, F, Angman, L, Gilleron, M, Prandi, J, Puzo, G, Panza, L, Xia, C, Wang, P, Dellabona, P, Casorati, G, Porcelli, S, de la Salle, H, Mori, L, De Libero, G, Facciotti F, Cavallari M, Angenieux C, Garcia-Alles LF, Signorino-Gelo F, Angman L, Gilleron M, Prandi J, Puzo G, Panza L, Xia CF, Wang PG, Dellabona P, Casorati G, Porcelli SA, de la Salle H, Mori L, and De Libero G

Abstract

CD1e is a member of the CD1 family that participates in lipid antigen presentation without interacting with the T-cell receptor. It binds lipids in lysosomes and facilitates processing of complex glycolipids, thus promoting editing of lipid antigens. We find that CD1e may positively or negatively affect lipid presentation by CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d. This effect is caused by the capacity of CD1e to facilitate rapid formation of CD1-lipid complexes, as shown for CD1d, and also to accelerate their turnover. Similar results were obtained with antigen-presenting cells from CD1e transgenic mice in which lipid complexes are assembled more efficiently and show faster turnover than in WT antigen-presenting cells. These effects maximize and temporally narrow CD1-restricted responses, as shown by reactivity to Sphingomonas paucimobilis-derived lipid antigens. CD1e is therefore an important modulator of both group 1 and group 2 CD1-restricted responses influencing the lipid antigen availability as well as the generation and persistence of CD1-lipid complexes.

Published
2011

50. Serological immunoreactivity against colon cancer proteorne varies upon disease progression

Author

De Monte, L, Sanvito, F, Olivieri, S, Vigano, F, Doglioni, C, Frasson, M, Braga, M, Bachi, A, Dellabona, P, Protti, M, Alessio, M, De Monte L, Sanvito F, Olivieri S, Vigano F, Doglioni C, Frasson M, Braga M, Bachi A, Dellabona P, Protti MP, Alessio M, De Monte, L, Sanvito, F, Olivieri, S, Vigano, F, Doglioni, C, Frasson, M, Braga, M, Bachi, A, Dellabona, P, Protti, M, Alessio, M, De Monte L, Sanvito F, Olivieri S, Vigano F, Doglioni C, Frasson M, Braga M, Bachi A, Dellabona P, Protti MP, and Alessio M

Abstract

Sera from colon carcinoma patients were used to identify tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) by screening tumor proteome resolved by 2D electrophoresis. A panel of six TAAs eliciting a serological immune response in colorectal cancer was identified, showing a modification in antigen recognition by B cells in patients as a function of colon cancer progression. The expression of these proteins was either confined or increased in tumor as compared to normal mucosa.

Published
2008

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