Search

Arbetet med brandsäkerhet för byggnader med kulturvärden kräver anpassade lösningar som också kan tillgodose ett bevarande av byggnaderna och deras kulturvärden. Det finns, utspritt, mycket kunskap och erfarenhet inom det här området både i Sverige och internationellt. För att tillgodose ett behov av samlad kunskap inom detta område initierade Brandforsk en kunskapsöversikt tillsammans med Akademiska hus, Fortifikationsverket, Kammarkollegiet, Kyrkans försäkring, Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens fastighetsverk. Den här kunskapsöversikten syftar till att sammanställa och presentera den kunskap som finns. Ett kompletterande syfte är att definiera områden där kunskap saknas. Kunskapsöversikten är indelad i sex områden: 2. Skydd mot brands uppkomst 3. Spridning av brand inom byggnad 4. Spridning av brand till byggnad 5. Brandens påverkan på byggnadens stomme 6. Utrymning 7. Räddningstjänstens insats Med utgångspunkt från workshops har en sammanställning av behovsbilden gjorts. Kunskapsöversikten och behovsbilden ligger till grund för en gap-analys vilken pekar på behov av fortsatt forskning och utveckling. Working with fire safety in historic buildings requires adapted solutions that can also satisfy the preservation of the buildings and their cultural values. There is a lot of knowledge and experience in this area both in Sweden and internationally. In order to make this available to end users, Brandforsk initiated a literature review together with a group of national sponsors. This literature review aims to compile and present the documented knowledge in the field. A complementary purpose is to define knowledge gaps. The review is divided into six areas: 2. Fire prevention 3. Fire spread within buildings 4. Fire spread between structures 5. Structural fire resistance 6. Evacuation 7. Fire and rescue service activities Based on workshops the needs of end users have been compiled. A comparison of the outcome of the review and the end user needs defines a knowledge gap pointing to the need for continued research and development.

This is the final report of the project “Ascending evacuation in long stairways: Physical exertion, walking speed and behaviour”. This project investigated the effects of fatigue on walking speeds, physiological performance and behaviours in case of long ascending evacuation. The report includes a literature review on, at the time when the project began, existing material on ascending evacuation on long stairs and escalators. Experimental research was conducted and the results are presented in the report. This includes two set of experiments on human performance during ascending evacuation in long stairs. In addition, an individual and group experiment was performed to investigate the performance of people during an ascending evacuation on a long stopped escalator. One laboratory experiment was conducted on a stair machine and a methodology to link the laboratory and the field experiments has been presented. Results include walking speeds, physiological measures of physical exertion (oxygen consumption, heart rates and electromyography data), perceived exertion and behavioural observations. Results show that physical work capacity affect walking speeds in case of long ascending evacuation and it should be considered while using long ascending evacuation in engineering design. The analysis of both walking and vertical speeds is recommended since it provides additional insights on the impact of stair configuration on vertical displacement. The novel datasets presented in this report are deemed to provide useful information for fire safety engineers both for assisting fire safety design as well as the calibration of evacuation modelling tools. A new prediction model for the representation of physical exertion in relation to physiological data, i.e., maximal oxygen consumption, has been developed and presented. This model allows predicting the time that a person can walk upwards at a certain pace in relation to physical exertion and human physical work capacity.

This literature review is an initial part of a larger research project that deals with evacuation upwards long stairs and physical exertion. The literature review focused on identifying the current state of published knowledge regarding how physical exertion influence people when evacuating upward long stairs and if there are specific design requirements for stairs intended primarily for upward movement.