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The increasing prevalence and complications related to liver diseases (caused by infection, toxic agents, or metabolic syndrome), together with insufficient existence of treatments, make evident the need for better therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 4-hydroxychalcone (4-HC) as preventive and curative treatment in acute and chronic liver injury, respectively. Liver damage was induced with carbon tetrachloride (C[Cl.sub.4]) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into two groups: (1) acute liver injury and (2) chronic liver injury. In turn, each group was divided into four subgroups: (i) control (water); (ii) dimethyl sulfoxide 10%; (iii) C[Cl.sub.4]; and (iv) 4-HC. The pre-treatment with 4-HC decreased transaminases, IL-6 serum levels, and hepatic malondialdehyde, increased IL-10 serum levels and hepatic glutathione, and decreased liver damage (necrosis, steatosis, and inflammatory infiltrate). In contrast, treatment with 4-HC after the induction of chronic liver injury decreased IL-6 serum levels and liver damage (steatosis, inflammatory infiltrate, ballooning cells, steatofibrosis, and fibrosis degree). Thus, the 4-HC treatment is proposed as a preventive treatment against acute liver injury; moreover, these results suggested the potential of 4-HC as a curative treatment against chronic liver injury, but other scheme treatments must be evaluated in future. Key words: 4-hydroxychalcone, fibrosis, steatosis, acute liver injury, chronic liver injury, preventive treatment, curative treatment L'augmentation de la prevalence des maladies hepatiques et des complications qui y sont liees (causees par l'infection, les agents toxiques ou le syndrome metabolique), de meme que de traitements existants insuffisants, mettent en evidence le besoin de meilleurs choix d'options therapeutiques. Par consequent, cette etude avait pour but d'etablir l'effet de la 4hydroxychalcone (4-HC) en tant que traitement preventif et curatif de l'insuffisance hepatique aigue et chronique, respectivement. Nous avons obtenu des dommages hepatiques a l'aide de tetrachlorure de carbone (CCl4]) chez des rats Wistar. Nous avons reparti les rats dans deux groupes : (1) insuffisance hepatique aigue et (2) insuffisance hepatique chronique. Ensuite, nous avons reparti les rats de chacun des groupes dans quatre sous-groupes : (i) temoin (eau); (ii) dimethylsulfoxyde a 10 %; (iii) CCl4; et (iv) 4-HC. L'administration prealable de 4-HC a entraine un abaissement des transaminases, des taux seriques d'IL-6 et de malondialdehyde hepatique, ainsi qu'une hausse des taux seriques d'IL-10 et de glutathion hepatique, avec une attenuation des lesions hepatiques (necrose, steatose et infiltrats inflammatoires). Par ailleurs, l'administration de 4-HC apres la production d'une insuffisance hepatique chronique a entraine un abaissement des taux seriques d'IL-6 et une attenuation des dommages hepatiques (steatose, infiltrats inflammatoires, gonflement cellulaire, steatofibrose et degre de fibrose). Par consequent, nous proposons l'administration de 4-HC comme traitement preventif contre l'insuffisance hepatique aigue. En outre, ces resultats laissent entrevoir le potentiel de l'administration de 4-HC comme traitement curatif contre l'insuffisance hepatique chronique. Cependant, d'autres schemas therapeutiques devront etre evalues dans le futur. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : 4-hydroxychalcone, fibrose, steatose, insuffisance hepatique aigue, insuffisance hepatique chronique, Traitement preventif, traitement curatif, Introduction The liver is affected by different infection diseases (mainly hepatitis B and C), toxic agents (alcohol abuse and drugs), and metabolic syndromes (e.g., non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) (Crespo Yanguas et [...]

The impact of contamination of water drainage ditches in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been scarcely studied in Mexico. In this regard, 101 isolates of E. coli were obtained from water samples from a ditch in Sinaloa, during one year. The antimicrobial resistant profiles, the presence of the class 1 integron and evolutionary relationship of intI1 sequences were determined. The 47.5% of strains were resistant and 5.9% multidrug resistant (MDR) with an average multiple antibiotic resistance index value of 0.45. The highest resistance was registered with β-lactam (39.6%) and quinolone (9.9%). The intI1 gene was detected in 11.9% of the isolates, and no association with MDR was found. Sequence were associated with human and animal host isolates. MDR E. coli isolates with intI1 gene highlight the potential risk of the ditch's water to human health. An attenuation effect of MDR E. coli isolates in the outlet water was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The nanche de la costa (Zizyphus sonorensis) fruit was partially characterized by physicochemical and nutritional analyses. This fruit has a homogenous size and color and low moisture content (47 g/100 g). The content of tannins and nickel of the edible portion might limit its use. However, nanche de la costa has important characteristics and potential to be considered as a food or feed source. The remarkable characteristics of the edible portion are high content of total (35 g/100 g) and soluble (0.6 g/100 g) dietary fiber, high level of copper (0.53 mg/100 g), iron (10 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.2 mg/100 g). The seed was distinguished by its high content of total dietary fiber (82.1 g/100 g), calcium (540 mg/100 g), copper (0.54 mg/100 g), chromium (1.1 mg/100 g) and zinc (4.5 mg/100 g). The moisture value is given in fresh weight basis and all other values are in dry weight basis. Keywords: Fruit, nutritional characteristics, physicochemical characteristics, Zizyphus sonorensis

Pithecellobium dulce is distributed in America and Asia where is widely used in traditional medicine. This study describes the bioguided fractionation of the methanol extract (ME) obtained from the P. dulce fruit that showed in vitro activity against Hymenolepis nana; Artemia salina assay was used to determine toxicity; and the purified compound was computationally analysed to obtain its absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion-and-toxicity properties (ADMET). The ME and its fractions were more active than praziquantel (PZQ), and the purified compound was characterized as N-malonyl-(+)-tryptophan (NMT). Parasites treated with NMT showed shorter paralysis and death times (5 and 7 min) than those treated with PZQ (15 and 30 min), both used at 20 mg/mL. Toxicity and ADMET prediction results supported the slight-hazardousness and efficacy of the assayed fractions/compound. This is the first report of the antiparasitary activity of both the P. dulce ME and NMT, showing their potential to treat human H. nana infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]