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Simple Summary: The Mexican duck is considered an endangered species by Mexican law due to its population dynamics and the destruction of the wetlands in which it occurs. This duck inhabits the Central Mexican Plateau, where the aquatic ecosystems show a significant deterioration as a consequence of pollution and the inadequate use of the resources of the region. However, there is scarce or zero information regarding the plant characteristics and the type of wetland that the Mexican duck inhabits. Therefore, a series of wetlands were selected, taking into account the presence of Mexican duck populations, in which adjacent and aquatic vegetation were analyzed in relation to the duck's population density. The vegetation was characterized by a structure composed, for the most part, of graminean and shrub species and the presence of aquatic vegetation; collected data showed that a population occupied mainly artificial wetlands in the studied area, which was found to be the main factor underlying the selection of wetlands by the Mexican duck in the Plateau of Zacatecas. The Mexican duck (Anas diazi) is an endemic species that has been categorized as threatened because of its practice of living in small populations and because of the condition of the wetlands in which it occurs. Therefore, the preference for wetlands by the species is influenced by the adjacent vegetation composition found in the Mexican Central Plateau in the state of Zacatecas. The inclination of the duck towards the wetlands in relation to the aquatic and adjacent vegetation structure was evaluated in the studied area. Seven wetlands were selected and distinguished by the presence of a population of the species. Vegetation was analyzed in three strata—tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer—and the population of the Mexican duck was calculated through direct counting in each wetland. The results determined a significantly larger number of individuals in artificial wetlands than in lakes. The wetlands' adjacent vegetation is constituted by graminean and shrub species, with an aquatic vegetation cover. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test showed a significant difference between the counts of ducks and the physical structure of wetlands in the examined area. The data obtained indicate that the Mexican Duck occurs mainly in artificial wetlands with mainly graminean vegetation and aquatic plant cover; similar characteristics to those previously described for dabbling ducks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The active principles of aromatic plants can be relevant in the plant-plant interaction and primary source of one or more biochemical compounds. The genetic, agronomic and environmental factors determine the use of the extracts of plants as antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant agents. The hypothesis of this study was that the bioactive compounds of the extracts are phenolic compounds. The objective was to analyze the chemical composition and infrared spectroscopy, with Fourier transformation (FTIR), the ethanolic extracts of Larrea tridentata, Origanum vulgare, Artemisa ludoviciana and Ruta graveolens collected in the municipalities of Villa de Cos, Valparaiso and Calera de Victor Rosales, Zacatecas, Mexico. The collection of the plants was random in Spring and Summer of 2014 and 2015. Eleven samples (20 g, dry base) were analyzed, two of R. graveolens and three of the other species. The extracts were prepared with ethanol 70 %. In addition to the chemical profile (qualitative tests) and chemical composition by gas chromatograph (quantitative tests), the chemical structure was determined through FTIR. Unsaturates and esters were identified in the extracts of the four species; in addition, carbohydrates and flavonoids were identified in L. tridentata, in O. vulgare, carbohydrates, flavonoids and saponins, in A. ludoviciana, coumarins and saponins and in R. graveolens, flavonoids and saponins. The chemical composition showed the presence of thymol, carvacrol, terpinene, linalol and limonene in different concentrations. The FTIR analysis showed presence of groups C=C aromatics, groups C-O, links C-H, rings C=O, vibration of the aliphatic CH2 group and vibration of the hydroxyl group. The qualitative and quantitative analyses made it possible to identify phenolic compounds, and with FTIR the chemical structure of the extracts was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify Escherichia coli 0157:H7 present in diarrheal feces of lactating ruminants with diarrheal syndrome and safety of colostrum intake. Materials and methods. A feces sampling of 316 ruminants was carried out during the period of August 2015 to March 2016 in the municipalities of Río Grande, General Enrique Estrada, Morelos and Calera de Victor Rosales of the state of Zacatecas, obtained from 67 cattle, 183 sheep and 66 goats. Results. The following were identified in CHROMagarTM chromogenic medium: 260 coliforms, 78 Escherichia coli 0157:H7, 16 Proteus spp. and 25 colonies of unidentified bacteria, finding an incidence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 of 22.03% in the four municipalities. Conclusions. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 is the second bacteria found in ruminant feces with an incidence of 22%, which is a mortality risk factor in lactating ruminants (less than 21 days old), causing economic loss and health risk for the population of the state of Zacatecas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]