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Objectives: Chest pain is a common symptom in pediatric emergency department. The causes are mostly benign without any sign on chest x-ray (CXR). However, CXR is one of the most ordered tests in this situation. Our main objective was to assess the current management of CXR by physicians in this context, according to the algorithm proposed by the French Society of Pediatrics (FSP)., Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in two French pediatric emergency departments. We reviewed the medical records of children who presented with chest pain between 2018, July 1rst to 2021, July 31th. We collected data from history and clinical examination. The prescription of CXR and its interpretation were collected., Results: Overall, 599 children were enrolled. The algorithm was followed in 57,1 % of cases, and 8,2 % of abnormal CXR were noted. On univariate analysis, medical history with a significant OR greater than 2 included cardiological history (as defined by FSP), neoplasia, pneumonia and sickle cell disease. Right lateralized pain, pain that worsens with respiration, fever and cough were also symptoms significantly associated with an abnormal CXR result. On physical finding, tachycardia, tachypnea, abnormal cardiac and pulmonary clinical examination (as defined by the FSP) were significantly associated with pathological CXR. However, the multivariate logistic regression model could not be carried out due to too many significant variables in univariate analysis, and too few number of abnormal CXR reported., Conclusion: CXR remains the cornerstone of chest pain management in pediatric emergencies, even though the rate of abnormal CXR appears low. The appropriateness of CXR prescribing can be improved by guidelines focusing on the clinical etiologies of chest pain visible on CXR. A similar prospective study may identify risk factors for pathological CXR and clarify the decision tree for the indication of CXR in chest pain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Background: Treatment summaries and a personalized survivorship care plans based on internationally approved, organ-specific follow-up care recommendations are essential in preserving the health and quality of life for cancer survivors. Cohorts made up of survivors of childhood cancer have made significant contributions to the understanding of early mortality, somatic late complications, and psychosocial outcomes among former patients. New treatment protocols are needed to enhance survival and reduce the potential risk and severity of late effects, and working with treatment databases is crucial in doing so., Construction and Content: In the GOCE (Grand Ouest Cancer de l'Enfant [Western Region Childhood Cancer]) network, in a participative approach, we developed the LOG-after medical tool, on which health data are registered and can be extracted for analysis. Its name emphasizes the tool's goal, referring to 'logiciel' (the French word for software) that focuses on the period "after" the acute phase. This tool is hosted on a certified health data server. Several interfaces have been developed that can be used depending on the user's profile. Here we present this innovative co-constructed tool that takes national aspects into account, including the results of the feasibility/satisfaction study and its perspective., Utility and Discussion: The database contains data relating to 2558 patients, with samples from 1702 of these (66.54%) being held in a tumor bank. The average year in which treatment started was 2015 (ranging from December 1967 to November 2022: 118 patients were treated before 2012 and registered retrospectively when seen in long-term follow-up consultations or for another cancer since November 2021). A short questionnaire was distributed to healthcare professionals using the tool (physicians and research associates or technicians, n = 14), of whom 11 answered and were all satisfied. Access to the patient interface is currently open to 124 former patients. This was initially offered to 30 former patients who were over 15 years old, affected by the disease within the last 5 years, and had agreed to test it. Their opinions were collected by their doctor by e-mail, telephone, or during a consultation in an open-ended question and a non-directive interview. All patients were satisfied with the tool, with interest in testing it in the long term. Some former patients found that the tool provided them with some ease of mind; one, for instance, commented: "I feel lighter. I allow myself to forget. I know I will get a notification when the time comes.", Conclusions: Freely available to all users, LOG-after: (1) provides help with determining personalized survivorship care plans for follow-up; (2) builds links with general practitioners; (3) empowers the patient; and (4) enables health data to be exported for analysis. Database URL for presentation: https://youtu.be/2Ga64iausJE., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The clinical presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at diagnosis differs in children compared to adults. At younger age, anemia appears to be frequent at diagnosis, but its prevalence and its impact on prognosis are not well known. In the International Registry of Childhood CML, we selected children and adolescents in chronic phase at diagnosis of CML and treated upfront with imatinib. We examined their hemoglobin level at diagnosis according to the WHO grades to assess the prevalence of anemia and its impact on response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Data on 430 patients were included. Anemia at diagnosis was observed in 350 patients (81%), with a mean hemoglobin level of 96.4 g/l (SD 23.6). Among them, 182 patients (52%) presented with moderate anemia and 110 (31%) with severe anemia while 58 (17%) had mild anemia. Compared with mild and no anemia, moderate and severe forms were significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis, asthenia, splenomegaly, and increased leukocyte and basophil counts. Delays in achieving major and deep molecular responses were significantly increased for patients with moderate and severe anemia, and also failure of imatinib treatment was more frequent in these two sub-cohorts. However, hemoglobin level was not significantly associated with survival. Anemia at diagnosis of pediatric CML was frequent and may be considered as a prognostic factor., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Ovarian mature teratoma (OMT) is a common ovarian tumor found in the pediatric population. In 10%-20% of cases, OMT occurs as multiple synchronous or metachronous lesions on ipsi- or contralateral ovaries. Ovarian-sparing surgery (OSS) is recommended to preserve fertility, but total oophorectomy (TO) is still performed., Design: This study reviews the clinical data of patients with OMT, and analyzes risk factors for second events. A national retrospective review of girls under 18 years of age with OMTs was performed. Data on clinical features, imaging, laboratory studies, surgical reports, second events and their management were retrieved., Results: Overall, 350 children were included. Eighteen patients (5%) presented with a synchronous bilateral form at diagnosis. Surgery was performed by laparotomy (85%) and laparoscopy (15%). OSS and TO were performed in 59% and 41% of cases, respectively. Perioperative tumor rupture occurred in 23 cases, independently of the surgical approach. Twenty-nine second events occurred (8.3%) in a median time of 30.5 months from diagnosis (ipsilateral: eight cases including one malignant tumor; contralateral: 18 cases; both ovaries: three cases). A large palpable mass, bilateral forms, at diagnosis and perioperative rupture had a statistical impact on the risk of second event, whereas the type of surgery or approach did not., Conclusion: This study is a plea in favor of OSS as the first-choice treatment of OMT when possible. Close follow-up during the first 5 years is mandatory considering the risk of 8.3% of second events, especially in cases with risk factors., (© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAAA) has been reported in 23% to 33% of patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) for acute liver disease of unknown origin (nonviral hepatitis). In this situation, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) might be a curative option. Here the authors report on 6 patients who received HSCT after LT for nonviral HAAA hepatitis. The outcomes were interpreted in the context of recently reported immune suppressive therapy (IST) outcomes in 8 patients with HAAA and to HSCT outcomes in patients with HAAA who recovered from hepatitis without undergoing LT. All patients transplanted by using HLA-identical sibling donors (3 of 6) were alive and had normal liver function and hematopoiesis without graft versus host disease. Both patients receiving bone marrow from a matched unrelated donor (MUD) experienced extensive graft versus host disease that was fatal for one patient. Thereby, the authors conclude that HSCT can be considered as a first-choice treatment for this category of patients when HLA-identical donors are available. When no HLA-identical donor is available, IST should be applied as HSCT with other donor sources might be reserved for IST nonresponders or poor responders., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (AA) is a rare syndrome combining acute hepatitis of variable severity and AA. Hepatitis may be severe enough to require urgent liver transplantation (LT). Herein, we describe clinical presentation and management of a cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with AA after undergoing LT for nonviral hepatitis., Methods: To describe this rare clinical situation, we performed a national survey and identified nine children treated for AA following LT during the last 10 years in France., Results: All patients were treated first for hepatic failure with urgent LT. AA was diagnosed with a median delay of 34 days [21-200] from the diagnosis of hepatitis. Seven children were treated with antithymocyte globulin/cyclosporine, one with CSA alone and one received bone marrow transplantation. At the last visit (median follow-up: 4 years), outcomes were excellent: all patients were alive and in hematological remission (complete remission: 7; partial remission: 2). Immunosuppressive therapy was pursued in all patients due to the liver transplant. No unusual toxicities were reported., Conclusion: AA after LT is considered a therapeutic challenge. Nevertheless, hematological outcome is good using a standard immunosuppressive approach., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)