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Eberle, U., Smetana, S., Bos, U. (Eds.); International audience; Purpose. European pig production aims at reducing its environmental impacts with various mitigation strategies. Among them, the replacement of Brazilian soybean meal (BSM) associated to deforestation with European protein sources (EPS) combined with the genetic improvement of feedefficiency was tested in the H2020 Feed-A-Gene project. The goal was to estimate the environmental impacts of pig production resulting from incorporating EPS in fattening feeds.Methods. Four EPS were examined: fine fraction of rapeseed meal, partly defatted soybean meals obtained from crushing of dehulled or non-dehulled soybeans, and protein paste extracted from biomass. Environmental impacts per ton of protein for feedstuffs and per kilogram of pig at the farm gate were estimated using life cycle assessment. Benefits were calculated by comparing each EPS scenario with a reference using BSM and traditional protein sources. Least cost formulation defined feed compositions. For current feedstuffs, prices come from four European countries for four contrasting years. Prices of BSM and EPS were considered zero respectively in reference and innovative scenarios in order to maximize their incorporation. Improved genetic was assessed thanks to the comparison of two lines respectively with low and high feed efficiency.Results and discussion. At feedstuff level, the EPS reduce climate change impact more than twice compared to BSM but other impacts could be increased as acidification, eutrophication and land occupation. At pig level, the average incorporation of BSM in the reference fattening diet was 13%. Compared to this baseline, EPS scenarios reduce climate change impacts (by 8-9% for the European soybean meal and by 3-4% for the protein paste and the fine fraction of rapeseed meal) but still with a transfer of impact to land use (increase of 13%). With an additional improved genetic, the reduction on climate change with EPS rises 12-16% and limits the increase of land occupation below 5%. Theseresults show a potential interest of EPS.Conclusions. EPS can’t be considered competitive as a replacement for BSM in the current context in which less than 5% of BSM was currently used in fattening diets due to the relative prices of protein sources. EPS seem interesting for climate change in a context economically favorable to BSM. But because of the transfer of impacts, there is a need for more macroscopic analyses to capture indirect land use effects.

International audience; Purpose. Feed production and excretion of nutrients by the animals are major sources of the environmental impacts of pig production. New communication and information technologies (NTIC) allow the development of precision feeding (PF) in pig-fattening units, which appears as a promising way to decrease environmental impacts of pig production. Therefore, we performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) of pig production with either conventional or PF applied to growing-finishing pigs.Methods. Two sources of data were involved: experiments and simulations performed using a model of pig fattening. A first experiment compared two-phase (2P) ad libitum (AdLib) feeding to ad libitum PF. A second experiment compared 2P restricted (Res) feeding to restricted PF. With the model, four feeding programs – 2P, 2PLCP (2P with low crude protein content), MP (daily multiphase group feeding) and PF – were simulated according to two feeding levels: AdLib and Res. A cradle-to-farm gate LCA was performed for each strategy, with the kg of live pig at farm gate being the functional unit. Five categories of impacts were evaluated: ILCD climate change (CC), ILCD acidification (AC), CML 2001 eutrophication (EU), CML 2001 land occupation (LO) and CED V1.8 non-renewable and fossil energy demand (CED).Results and discussion. PF slightly increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) and total feed intake compared with their reference 2P strategies, excepted in the in vivo experiment comparing PF-AdLib to 2P-AdLib. In this latter case, FCR was improved with PF. PF resulted in reduced N intake and N excreted relatively to 2P feeding in both in vivo and virtual experiments, whatever the rationing plan applied. PF always decreased AC and EU by reducing nitrogen excretion. With experimental data, CC was reduced in PFAdLib but not in PFRes compared to their respective 2P strategies. Simulated results showed a decrease in AC, EU and LO impacts, but not in CC, what is probably due to the small difference in total feed consumption between ad libitum and restrictedly-fed pigs (5 kg/pig). Conclusions. PF can reduce environmental impacts of pig production, particularly AC, EU and LO. Nevertheless, the definition of constraints on amino-acid and crude-protein contents and feed formulation should be made in accordance with local practices (i.e., feeding level) in order to obtain environmental gains expected with PF.

International audience; Replacement of Brazilian soybean meal (BS) associated to deforestation with European protein sources (EPS) was studied to reduce the impact of feed production on climate change. This study examined four EPS: the fine fraction of rapeseed meal (EPS1), soybean meals obtained from an innovative extrusion process with dehulled soybeans (EPS2) or non-dehulled soybeans (EPS3), and Danish protein pastes extracted from green biomass (EPS4). The goal was to estimate environmental impacts of pig production resulting from incorporating EPS in feeds for fattening pigs. Environmental impacts per kg of pig liveweight at the farm gate were estimated using life cycle assessment. Potential benefits were assessed by comparing each scenario with EPS to reference scenarios with “classic” protein sources (including BS). The study considered the recent economic context of four countries (France, Germany, Spain and the Netherlands) for four contrasting years to assess the current potential for using EPS. A second, virtual, context was defined with scenarios favorable to either BS or EPS, and the potential benefit of EPS was then appraised. In the recent economic context, results showed a moderate benefit with EPS because SB had low incorporation rates in the reference formulas (

International audience; Precision feeding (PF) in growing-finishing pigs appears as a promising technology to decrease environmental impacts of pig production. However, few studies have compared environmental impacts of conventional and PF. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform life cycle assessment (LCA) of pig production with either conventional or PF applied to growing-finishing pigs. Two approaches were used: using data from two experiments or relying on simulations performed with a fattening-unit model. In the ExpAdLib experiment, two-phase ad libitum (AdLib) feeding was compared to ad libitum PF. In the ExpRat experiment, two-phase restricted (Res) feeding was compared to restricted PF. In the model, four feeding programs − S2PREF (reference two-phase), S2LowProt (two-phase with low protein content), SMPGr (daily multiphase group feeding) and SMPInd (daily multiphase individual feeding) − were simulated according to two levels of supply: AdLib and Res. PF always decreased acidification and eutrophication impacts by reducing nitrogen excretion. Experimental results showed that climate change was reduced in PF AdLib but not in PF Res. Simulated results showed decrease in acidification, eutrophication and land occupation impacts, but not of climate change because of a worse feed conversion ratio. This LCA confirms that PF is a technology for reducing environmental impacts of pig production, particularly acidification and eutrophication. Nevertheless, definition of constraints on amino-acid and crude-protein contents, feed formulation and definition of the level of feed restriction should be made carefully in order to obtain the expected environmental gains with PF.; L’alimentation de précision (AP) des porcs charcutiers pourrait réduire les impacts environnementaux de la production porcine. Pourtant peu de résultats ont été publiés sur ce sujet. Cette étude visait à évaluer par analyse du cycle de vie les impacts de l’AP de porcs charcutiers en comparaison d’une alimentation conventionnelle. Deux approches sont utilisées : l’une reposant sur des données obtenues dans deux expérimentations et l'autre sur des simulations réalisées avec un modèle de l’atelier d’engraissement. Dans l’expérimentation ExpAdLib, une stratégie biphase (2P) ad libitum (AdLib) a été comparée à une AP AdLib. Dans l’expérimentation ExpRat, une stratégie en biphase rationné (2Prat) a été comparée à une alimentation de précision rationnée (Rat). Quatre programmes d’alimentation ont été simulés : S2PREF = biphase deréférence, S2PBasProt = biphase à basse teneur en protéines, SMPGr = multiphase journalier groupe et SMPInd = multiphase journalier individuel, selon deux plans de rationnement : AdLib et Rat. L’AP réduit de façon systématique les impacts acidification et eutrophisation, grâce à la réduction de l’excrétion d’azote. Pour l’impact sur le changement climatique, les résultats expérimentaux suggèrent une amélioration en AP AdLib mais pas en AP Rat. Les résultats simulés font état d’une amélioration claire sur l’acidification, l’eutrophisation et l’occupation des sols, mais pas d’amélioration sur le changement climatique en raison de la légère augmentation de l’indice de consommation. Cette étude confirme que l’AP est un levier de réduction des impacts environnementaux de la production de porcs charcutiers, particulièrement pour l’acidification et l’eutrophisation. L’AP doit faire l’objet d’une approche globale incluant la définition des niveaux d’acides aminés des aliments, la formulation des aliments, et la définition du niveau de rationnement, pour obtenir le meilleur gain environnemental.