1. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: Two temperate Earth-mass planet candidates around Teegarden's Star
- Author
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Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Landessternwarte Königstuhl, CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE), Institute for Astrophysics in Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Karl Schwarzschild-Observatorium, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburg Observatory, Max Planck Society, Observatorio de Calar Alto, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, German Research Foundation, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Israel Science Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Zechmeister, Mathias, Dreizler, S., Ribas, Ignasi, Reiners, Ansgar, Caballero, J. A., Bauer, Florian Franz, Béjar, Victor J. S., González-Cuesta, L., Herrero, E., Lalitha, S., López González, Maria J., Guijarro, A., Abril, Miguel, Magán Madinabeitia, H., Aceituno, Jesús, Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier, Ammler-von Eiff, M., Antona, R., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, de Juan, E., Azzaro, M., Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Baroch, David, Barrado y Navascués, David, Becerril, S., Benítez, D., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Nortmann, L., Bluhm, P., Brinkmöller, M., Del Burgo, C., Calvo Ortega, R., Cifuentes, C., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Rabaza, O., Carro, J., Cárdenas Vázquez, María Concepción, Casal, E., Casasayas-Barris, N., Berdiñas, Z. M., Rosich, Albert, Colomé, J., Cortés-Contreras, M., Díez-Alonso, E., Dorda, R., Cano, J., Parviainen, H., Fukui, A., Sota, A., Galadí-Enriquez, D., Gallardo, I., Garcia De La Fuente, J., García-Piquer, A., Casanova, V., Luque, R., Góngora Rueda, J., González-Álvarez, E., González Hernández, Jonay I., González-Peinado, R., Hernández Otero, F., Fernández, Matilde, Amado, Pedro J., de Guindos, E., Hedrosa, R.P., Helmling, J., Hermelo, I., García Vargas, M. L., Arroyo-Torres, B., Klutsch, A., Labarga, F., Lafarga, M., Llamas, M., Guàrdia, J., Pallé, Enric, Lázaro, F. J., Bergond, G., Lodieu, N., Del Fresno, M. L., López-Puertas, Manuel, López Salas, J.F., Arabi, R.H., Aceituno, Francisco José, Marfil, E., Marín Molina, J.A., Fernández, D.M., Martín, Eduardo Lorenzo, Nowak, G., Lampón, M., Chaturvedi, P., Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Montañés-Rodríguez, P., Montes, D., Moreno-Raya, M.E., López-Santiago, J., Fernández-Martín, A., Pascual, J., Pedraz, S., Pérez-Calpena, A., Pérez Medialdea, D., Martín-Fernández, P., Cardona Guillén, C., Ballesta, A. Ramón, Gesa, Lluis, Rebolo López, Rafael, Redondo, P., Reinhardt, S., Rodler, F., Narita, N., Claret dos Santos, Antonio, Sánchez-Blanco, E., Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés, Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., Morales, Juan Carlos, Perger, M., Castaño, L.H., Suárez, J.C., Tabernero, H. M., Vico Linares, J.I., Vilardell, Francesc, Rodríguez Trinidad, A., Lara, Luisa María, Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Tal-Or, L., Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Solano, E., Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, CSIC - Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Landessternwarte Königstuhl, CSIC - Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (ICE), Institute for Astrophysics in Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg Karl Schwarzschild-Observatorium, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburg Observatory, Max Planck Society, Observatorio de Calar Alto, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Junta de Andalucía, German Research Foundation, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, CSIC-INTA - Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Israel Science Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Zechmeister, Mathias, Dreizler, S., Ribas, Ignasi, Reiners, Ansgar, Caballero, J. A., Bauer, Florian Franz, Béjar, Victor J. S., González-Cuesta, L., Herrero, E., Lalitha, S., López González, Maria J., Guijarro, A., Abril, Miguel, Magán Madinabeitia, H., Aceituno, Jesús, Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier, Ammler-von Eiff, M., Antona, R., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, de Juan, E., Azzaro, M., Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Baroch, David, Barrado y Navascués, David, Becerril, S., Benítez, D., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Nortmann, L., Bluhm, P., Brinkmöller, M., Del Burgo, C., Calvo Ortega, R., Cifuentes, C., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Rabaza, O., Carro, J., Cárdenas Vázquez, María Concepción, Casal, E., Casasayas-Barris, N., Berdiñas, Z. M., Rosich, Albert, Colomé, J., Cortés-Contreras, M., Díez-Alonso, E., Dorda, R., Cano, J., Parviainen, H., Fukui, A., Sota, A., Galadí-Enriquez, D., Gallardo, I., Garcia De La Fuente, J., García-Piquer, A., Casanova, V., Luque, R., Góngora Rueda, J., González-Álvarez, E., González Hernández, Jonay I., González-Peinado, R., Hernández Otero, F., Fernández, Matilde, Amado, Pedro J., de Guindos, E., Hedrosa, R.P., Helmling, J., Hermelo, I., García Vargas, M. L., Arroyo-Torres, B., Klutsch, A., Labarga, F., Lafarga, M., Llamas, M., Guàrdia, J., Pallé, Enric, Lázaro, F. J., Bergond, G., Lodieu, N., Del Fresno, M. L., López-Puertas, Manuel, López Salas, J.F., Arabi, R.H., Aceituno, Francisco José, Marfil, E., Marín Molina, J.A., Fernández, D.M., Martín, Eduardo Lorenzo, Nowak, G., Lampón, M., Chaturvedi, P., Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Montañés-Rodríguez, P., Montes, D., Moreno-Raya, M.E., López-Santiago, J., Fernández-Martín, A., Pascual, J., Pedraz, S., Pérez-Calpena, A., Pérez Medialdea, D., Martín-Fernández, P., Cardona Guillén, C., Ballesta, A. Ramón, Gesa, Lluis, Rebolo López, Rafael, Redondo, P., Reinhardt, S., Rodler, F., Narita, N., Claret dos Santos, Antonio, Sánchez-Blanco, E., Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés, Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., Morales, Juan Carlos, Perger, M., Castaño, L.H., Suárez, J.C., Tabernero, H. M., Vico Linares, J.I., Vilardell, Francesc, Rodríguez Trinidad, A., Lara, Luisa María, Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Tal-Or, L., Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, and Solano, E.
- Abstract
Context. Teegarden's Star is the brightest and one of the nearest ultra-cool dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. For its late spectral type (M7.0 V), the star shows relatively little activity and is a prime target for near-infrared radial velocity surveys such as CARMENES. Aims. As part of the CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs, we obtained more than 200 radial-velocity measurements of Teegarden's Star and analysed them for planetary signals. Methods. We find periodic variability in the radial velocities of Teegarden's Star. We also studied photometric measurements to rule out stellar brightness variations mimicking planetary signals. Results. We find evidence for two planet candidates, each with 1.1 M minimum mass, orbiting at periods of 4.91 and 11.4 d, respectively. No evidence for planetary transits could be found in archival and follow-up photometry. Small photometric variability is suggestive of slow rotation and old age. Conclusions. The two planets are among the lowest-mass planets discovered so far, and they are the first Earth-mass planets around an ultra-cool dwarf for which the masses have been determined using radial velocities.© ESO 2019.
- Published
- 2019