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Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as a promising class of carbon-based nanomaterials due to their unique properties and versatile applications. Carbon dots (CDs), also known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) or graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are nanoscale carbon-based materials with dimensions typically less than 10 nanometers. They exhibit intriguing optical, electronic, and chemical properties, making them attractive for a wide range of applications, including sensing, imaging, catalysis, and energy conversion, among many others. Both bottom-up and top-down synthesis approaches are utilized for the synthesis of carbon dots, with each method impacting their physicochemical characteristics. Carbon dots can exhibit diverse structures, including amorphous, crystalline, or hybrid structures, depending on the synthesis method and precursor materials used. CDs have diverse chemical structures with modified oxygen, polymer-based, or amino groups on their surface. These structures influence their optical and electronic properties, such as their photoluminescence, bandgap, and charge carrier mobility, making them tunable for specific applications. Various characterization methods such as HRTEM, XPS, and optical analysis (PL, UV) are used to determine the structure of CDs. CDs are cutting-edge fluorescent nanomaterials with remarkable qualities such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, environmental friendliness, high water solubility, and photostability. They are easily adjustable in terms of their optical properties, making them highly versatile in various fields. CDs find applications in bio-imaging, nanomedicine, drug delivery, solar cells, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and other related areas. Carbon dots hold great promise in the field of solar cell technology due to their unique properties, including high photoluminescence, high carbon quantum yield (CQY), and excellent charge separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural Ethiopian communities rely mostly on biomass fuels for subsistence and productive purposes. With an increasing population and dwindling forest resources, wood fuel consumption has exceeded its supply. Besides, people do not know ways of maximising biomass efficiency. The study involves the burning efficiencies of woods with varied moisture contents. Eucalyptus wood of five different moisture contents was used in five identical wood-burning stoves purposefully constructed for this purpose. Tests were conducted over 5 days, thereby giving five replications. In the tests, food temperature, stove body temperature, and stove smoke outlet temperature measurements were conducted along with ambient air temperatures. Wood with 10% moisture content performs better during combustion with respect to low and high moisture content wood. High moisture content delayed the cooking onset and low moisture decreased the duration of effective cooking. The 50% moisture content or greater with respect to oven-dried wood failed to cook. Moisture content of around 30% delayed the time to reach cooking temperature by two and hence elongated the cooking time. There is also the extended smoke time as observed from the smoke outlet temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]