90 results on '"Deirdre Shoemaker"'
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2. New horizons for fundamental physics with LISA
- Author
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K. G. Arun, Enis Belgacem, Robert Benkel, Laura Bernard, Emanuele Berti, Gianfranco Bertone, Marc Besancon, Diego Blas, Christian G. Böhmer, Richard Brito, Gianluca Calcagni, Alejandro Cardenas-Avendaño, Katy Clough, Marco Crisostomi, Valerio De Luca, Daniela Doneva, Stephanie Escoffier, José María Ezquiaga, Pedro G. Ferreira, Pierre Fleury, Stefano Foffa, Gabriele Franciolini, Noemi Frusciante, Juan García-Bellido, Carlos Herdeiro, Thomas Hertog, Tanja Hinderer, Philippe Jetzer, Lucas Lombriser, Elisa Maggio, Michele Maggiore, Michele Mancarella, Andrea Maselli, Sourabh Nampalliwar, David Nichols, Maria Okounkova, Paolo Pani, Vasileios Paschalidis, Alvise Raccanelli, Lisa Randall, Sébastien Renaux-Petel, Antonio Riotto, Milton Ruiz, Alexander Saffer, Mairi Sakellariadou, Ippocratis D. Saltas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, Lijing Shao, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Thomas P. Sotiriou, Nikolaos Stergioulas, Nicola Tamanini, Filippo Vernizzi, Helvi Witek, Kinwah Wu, Kent Yagi, Stoytcho Yazadjiev, Nicolás Yunes, Miguel Zilhão, Niayesh Afshordi, Marie-Christine Angonin, Vishal Baibhav, Enrico Barausse, Tiago Barreiro, Nicola Bartolo, Nicola Bellomo, Ido Ben-Dayan, Eric A. Bergshoeff, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Daniele Bertacca, Swetha Bhagwat, Béatrice Bonga, Lior M. Burko, Geoffrey Compére, Giulia Cusin, Antonio da Silva, Saurya Das, Claudia de Rham, Kyriakos Destounis, Ema Dimastrogiovanni, Francisco Duque, Richard Easther, Hontas Farmer, Matteo Fasiello, Stanislav Fisenko, Kwinten Fransen, Jörg Frauendiener, Jonathan Gair, László Árpád Gergely, Davide Gerosa, Leonardo Gualtieri, Wen-Biao Han, Aurelien Hees, Thomas Helfer, Jörg Hennig, Alexander C. Jenkins, Eric Kajfasz, Nemanja Kaloper, Vladimír Karas, Bradley J. Kavanagh, Sergei A. Klioner, Savvas M. Koushiappas, Macarena Lagos, Christophe Le Poncin-Lafitte, Francisco S. N. Lobo, Charalampos Markakis, Prado Martín-Moruno, C. J. A. P. Martins, Sabino Matarrese, Daniel R. Mayerson, José P. Mimoso, Johannes Noller, Nelson J. Nunes, Roberto Oliveri, Giorgio Orlando, George Pappas, Igor Pikovski, Luigi Pilo, Jiří Podolský, Geraint Pratten, Tomislav Prokopec, Hong Qi, Saeed Rastgoo, Angelo Ricciardone, Rocco Rollo, Diego Rubiera-Garcia, Olga Sergijenko, Stuart Shapiro, Deirdre Shoemaker, Alessandro Spallicci, Oleksandr Stashko, Leo C. Stein, Gianmassimo Tasinato, Andrew J. Tolley, Elias C. Vagenas, Stefan Vandoren, Daniele Vernieri, Rodrigo Vicente, Toby Wiseman, Valery I. Zhdanov, Miguel Zumalacárregui, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Arun, K, Belgacem, E, Benkel, R, Bernard, L, Berti, E, Bertone, G, Besancon, M, Blas, D, Bohmer, C, Brito, R, Calcagni, G, Cardenas-Avendano, A, Clough, K, Crisostomi, M, De Luca, V, Doneva, D, Escoffier, S, Ezquiaga, J, Ferreira, P, Fleury, P, Foffa, S, Franciolini, G, Frusciante, N, Garcia-Bellido, J, Herdeiro, C, Hertog, T, Hinderer, T, Jetzer, P, Lombriser, L, Maggio, E, Maggiore, M, Mancarella, M, Maselli, A, Nampalliwar, S, Nichols, D, Okounkova, M, Pani, P, Paschalidis, V, Raccanelli, A, Randall, L, Renaux-Petel, S, Riotto, A, Ruiz, M, Saffer, A, Sakellariadou, M, Saltas, I, Sathyaprakash, B, Shao, L, Sopuerta, C, Sotiriou, T, Stergioulas, N, Tamanini, N, Vernizzi, F, Witek, H, Wu, K, Yagi, K, Yazadjiev, S, Yunes, N, Zilhao, M, Afshordi, N, Angonin, M, Baibhav, V, Barausse, E, Barreiro, T, Bartolo, N, Bellomo, N, Ben-Dayan, I, Bergshoeff, E, Bernuzzi, S, Bertacca, D, Bhagwat, S, Bonga, B, Burko, L, Compere, G, Cusin, G, da Silva, A, Das, S, de Rham, C, Destounis, K, Dimastrogiovanni, E, Duque, F, Easther, R, Farmer, H, Fasiello, M, Fisenko, S, Fransen, K, Frauendiener, J, Gair, J, Gergely, L, Gerosa, D, Gualtieri, L, Han, W, Hees, A, Helfer, T, Hennig, J, Jenkins, A, Kajfasz, E, Kaloper, N, Karas, V, Kavanagh, B, Klioner, S, Koushiappas, S, Lagos, M, Poncin-Lafitte, C, Lobo, F, Markakis, C, Martin-Moruno, P, Martins, C, Matarrese, S, Mayerson, D, Mimoso, J, Noller, J, Nunes, N, Oliveri, R, Orlando, G, Pappas, G, Pikovski, I, Pilo, L, Podolsky, J, Pratten, G, Prokopec, T, Qi, H, Rastgoo, S, Ricciardone, A, Rollo, R, Rubiera-Garcia, D, Sergijenko, O, Shapiro, S, Shoemaker, D, Spallicci, A, Stashko, O, Stein, L, Tasinato, G, Tolley, A, Vagenas, E, Vandoren, S, Vernieri, D, Vicente, R, Wiseman, T, Zhdanov, V, Zumalacarregui, M, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des deux Infinis de Toulouse (L2IT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LISA, Arun, K. G., Belgacem, Eni, Benkel, Robert, Bernard, Laura, Berti, Emanuele, Bertone, Gianfranco, Besancon, Marc, Blas, Diego, B??hmer, Christian G., Brito, Richard, Calcagni, Gianluca, Cardenas-Avenda??o, Alejandro, Clough, Katy, Crisostomi, Marco, De Luca, Valerio, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Mar??a Ezquiaga, Jos??, Ferreira, Pedro G., Fleury, Pierre, Foffa, Stefano, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Garc??a-Bellido, Juan, Herdeiro, Carlo, Hertog, Thoma, Hinderer, Tanja, Jetzer, Philippe, Lombriser, Luca, Maggio, Elisa, Maggiore, Michele, Mancarella, Michele, Maselli, Andrea, Nampalliwar, Sourabh, Nichols, David, Okounkova, Maria, Pani, Paolo, Paschalidis, Vasileio, Raccanelli, Alvise, Randall, Lisa, Renaux-Petel, S??bastien, Riotto, Antonio, Ruiz, Milton, Saffer, Alexander, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Shao, Lijing, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Sotiriou, Thomas P., Stergioulas, Nikolao, Tamanini, Nicola, Vernizzi, Filippo, Witek, Helvi, Wu, Kinwah, Yagi, Kent, Yazadjiev, Stoytcho, Yunes, Nicol??, Zilh??o, Miguel, Afshordi, Niayesh, Angonin, Marie-Christine, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bergshoeff, Eric A., Bernuzzi, Sebastiano, Bertacca, Daniele, Bhagwat, Swetha, Bonga, B??atrice, Burko, Lior M., Comp??re, Geoffrey, Cusin, Giulia, da Silva, Antonio, Das, Saurya, de Rham, Claudia, Destounis, Kyriako, Dimastrogiovanni, Ema, Duque, Francisco, Easther, Richard, Farmer, Honta, Fasiello, Matteo, Fisenko, Stanislav, Fransen, Kwinten, Frauendiener, J??rg, Gair, Jonathan, rp??d Gergely, L??szl??, Gerosa, Davide, Gualtieri, Leonardo, Han, Wen-Biao, Hees, Aurelien, Helfer, Thoma, Hennig, J??rg, Jenkins, Alexander C., Kajfasz, Eric, Kaloper, Nemanja, Karas, Vladim??r, Kavanagh, Bradley J., Klioner, Sergei A., Koushiappas, Savvas M., Lagos, Macarena, Le Poncin-Lafitte, Christophe, Lobo, Francisco S. N., Markakis, Charalampo, Mart??n-Moruno, Prado, Martins, C. J. A. P., Matarrese, Sabino, Mayerson, Daniel R., Mimoso, Jos?? P., Noller, Johanne, Nunes, Nelson J., Oliveri, Roberto, Orlando, Giorgio, Pappas, George, Pikovski, Igor, Pilo, Luigi, Podolsk??, Ji????, Pratten, Geraint, Prokopec, Tomislav, Qi, Hong, Rastgoo, Saeed, Ricciardone, Angelo, Rollo, Rocco, Rubiera-Garcia, Diego, Sergijenko, Olga, Shapiro, Stuart, Shoemaker, Deirdre, Spallicci, Alessandro, Stashko, Oleksandr, Stein, Leo C., Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Tolley, Andrew J., Vagenas, Elias C., Vandoren, Stefan, Vernieri, Daniele, Vicente, Rodrigo, Wiseman, Toby, Zhdanov, Valery I., Zumalac??rregui, Miguel, National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Fundación 'la Caixa', Czech Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), and Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)
- Subjects
Astrofísica ,PROTOPLANET MIGRATION ,Física-Modelos matemáticos ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,gr-qc ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES ,horizon ,Fundamental physic ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Physics, Particles & Fields ,Gravitational waves ,LIGO (Observatory) ,Tests of general relativity ,Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica ,DARK-MATTER ,Física matemática ,KOZAI MECHANISM ,High Energy Physics ,GENERAL-RELATIVITY ,Fundamental physics ,LISA ,PRIMORDIAL BLACK-HOLES ,Science & Technology ,General Relativity and Cosmology ,83CXX ,Physics ,gravitation: interaction ,gravitational radiation ,Física ,Compact ,QUANTUM-GRAVITY ,Physical Sciences ,Astronomia ,[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc] ,fundamental physics ,gravitational waves ,test of general relativity ,MODIFIED GRAVITY ,Gravitational wave ,MULTIPOLE MOMENTS ,HUBBLE CONSTANT - Abstract
K. G. Arun et al., The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal wonders about the fundamental theory of nature at play in the extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is both strong and dynamical. In this white paper, the Fundamental Physics Working Group of the LISA Consortium summarizes the current topics in fundamental physics where LISA observations of gravitational waves can be expected to provide key input. We provide the briefest of reviews to then delineate avenues for future research directions and to discuss connections between this working group, other working groups and the consortium work package teams. These connections must be developed for LISA to live up to its science potential in these areas., E. Berti is supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1912550 and AST-2006538, NASA ATP Grants No. 17-ATP17-0225 and 19-ATP19-0051, NSF-XSEDE Grant No. PHY-090003, and NSF Grant PHY-20043. D. Blas is supported by a ‘Ayuda Beatriz Galindo Senior’ from the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Universidades’, grant BG20/00228. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. The research leading of to these results has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115845GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). K. Clough is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 693024). A. Cárdenas-Avendaño acknowledges funding from the Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz (Project 5INV1) and from Will and Kacie Snellings. M. Crisostomi and E. Barausse are supported by the European Union’s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant “GRavity from Astrophysical to Microscopic Scales” (Grant No. GRAMS-815673). P. Fleury received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PI19/11690018. C. Herdeiro thanks the support of the Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), references UIDB/04106/2020 and UIDP/04106/2020, the projects PTDC/FIS-OUT/28407/2017, CERN/FIS-PAR/0027/2019, PTDC/FIS-AST/3041/2020 and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation (RISE) programme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017 Grant No. FunFiCO-777740. P. Pani and E. Maggio acknowledge financial support provided under the European Union’s H2020 ERC, Starting Grant agreement no. DarkGRA–757480, and under the MIUR PRIN and FARE programmes (GW-NEXT, CUP: B84I20000100001), and support from the Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP: B81I18001170001). N.Frusciante was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017, CERN/FIS-PAR/0037/2019, the FCT project “CosmoTests—Cosmological tests of gravity theories beyond General Relativity” with ref. number CEECIND/00017/2018 and the FCT project “BEYLA –BEYond LAmbda” with ref. number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. L.Lombriser was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship grant (No. 170547). S.N. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. D.N. acknowledges support from the NSF Grant No. PHY-2011784. R.B. acknowledges financial support from FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the Scientific Employment Stimulus - Individual Call - 2020.00470.CEECIND. V. Paschalidis acknowledges support from NSF Grant PHY-1912619 and NASA Grant 80NSSC20K1542 to the University of Arizona. B.S.S. is supported by NSF grants No. AST-2006384 and PHY-2012083. C.F.S. is supported by contracts ESP2017-90084-P and PID2019-106515GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and 2017-SGR-1469 (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya). T. P. S. acknowledges partial support from the STFC Consolidated Grant No. ST/P000703/1. M. Ruiz acknowledges support from NASA Grant 80NSSC17K0070 to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. I.D. Saltas is supported by the Czech Science Foundation GAČR, Grant No. 21-16583M. N. Stergioulas is supported by the ESA Prodex grant PEA:4000132310 “LISA Stochastic Signals Analysis Pipeline”. F.V. acknowledges partial support from CNES. K.Y. acknowledges support from NSF Grant PHY-1806776, NASA Grant 80NSSC20K0523, a Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship and the Owens Family Foundation. K.Y. would like to also acknowledge support by the COST Action GWverse CA16104 and JSPS KAKENHI Grants No. JP17H06358. N. Yunes acknowledges support from NASA Grants No. NNX16AB98G, 80NSSC17M0041 and 80NSSC18K1352, NSF Award No. 1759615, and the Simons Foundation through MPS Award Number 896696. D.D. acknowledge financial support via an Emmy Noether Research Group funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant no. DO 1771/1-1.
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- 2022
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3. Post-merger chirps from binary black holes as probes of the final black-hole horizon
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Deirdre Shoemaker, Pablo Laguna, Christopher Evans, Juan Calderón Bustillo, Grace Kim, and James A. Clark
- Subjects
Physics::General Physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,lcsh:Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,lcsh:QB460-466 ,010306 general physics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Physics ,Einstein Telescope ,Gravitational wave ,Horizon ,LIGO ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,Apparent horizon ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
The merger of a binary black hole gives birth to a highly distorted final black hole. The gravitational radiation emitted as this black hole relaxes presents us with the unique opportunity to probe extreme gravity and its connection with the dynamics of the black hole horizon. Using numerical relativity simulations, we demonstrate a connection between a concrete observable feature in the gravitational waves and geometrical features on the dynamical apparent horizon of the final black hole. Specifically, we show how the line-of-sight passage of a "cusp"-like defect on the horizon of the final black hole correlates with "chirp"-like frequency peaks in the post-merger gravitational-waves. These post-merger chirps should be observed and analyzed as the sensitivity of LIGO and Virgo increases and as future generation detectors, such as LISA and the Einstein Telescope, become operational., Comment: Version accepted in Communications Physics. 11 pages, 5 figures in main text, 3 Figures in Supp. Material
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- 2020
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4. Search for anisotropic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs
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A. Grimaldi, M. A. Barton, Samuele Cortese, Charlie Hoy, Charalampos Markakis, L. Trozzo, Albert Lazzarini, Benno Willke, A. Grado, P. Booker, C. Cahillane, Norichika Sago, J. Hennig, V. Gayathri, J. Baird, M. Jeunon, Sascha Husa, Samaya Nissanke, S. Walsh, A. Hreibi, M. J. Szczepańczyk, M. Chaturvedi, G. Venugopalan, S. R. Mohite, Alessandra Buonanno, Gabrielle Allen, H. Y. Cheung, Rana X. Adhikari, Om Sharan Salafia, F. Donovan, Edoardo Milotti, B. Lantz, M. A. Bizouard, B. K. Berger, Denis Martynov, Claudia Moreno, N. V. Krishnendu, Marco Bazzan, Satoshi Tsuchida, C. Ingram, D. A. Melchor, F. Marion, E. Goetz, Matthew Giesler, D.B. DeBra, Giuseppe Castaldi, S. G. Crowder, K. Ito, E. Lalande, M. Cannavacciuolo, E. N. Clark, Geoffrey Lovelace, L. Nguyen Quynh, J. D. E. Creighton, Lijing Shao, M. Carpinelli, J. Liu, A. Pasqualetti, R. Bajpai, F. Garufi, Archana Pai, Surendra Nadh Somala, Yoshiyuki Obuchi, C. Talbot, Carl-Johan Haster, S. Nozaki, H. Sun, V. JaberianHamedan, Tyson Littenberg, T. Washimi, T. D. Creighton, L. A. Rees, Silvia Corezzi, S. Bae, Kai-Feng Chen, F. Paoletti, Felice Sorrentino, C. L. Chan, P. Szewczyk, A. K. Prajapati, M. Patel, C. M. Mow-Lowry, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, L. Aiello, Luigi Troiano, M. Gosselin, R. Green, H. Yuzurihara, D. Hoyland, B. F. Whiting, J. Casanueva Diaz, V. M. Bedakihale, Masako Kakizaki, R. Maggiore, C. Van Den Broeck, E. Sowell, E. Coccia, M. E. Zucker, B. A. Weaver, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, T. Shimoda, Y. Okutani, J. G. Rollins, A. Mhaske, H. Hansen, T. Wlodarczyk, Laura Cadonati, L. Rolland, S. T. Countryman, S. Penn, R. M. S. Schofield, K. Mogushi, H. Estelles, Y. Huang, P. A. Duverne, S. Karki, D. Moraru, A. Dmitriev, E. Floden, V. B. Adya, A. Renzini, G. L. Mansell, Y. K. Lecoeuche, G. M. Harry, L. Naticchioni, T. Shishido, Salvatore Vitale, A. Cumming, F. Di Renzo, Gianpietro Cagnoli, L.-W. Wei, S. Katsanevas, Madeline Wade, M. Tse, D. S. Tsai, D. M. Macleod, T. D. Ramirez, M. T. Hübner, Yasufumi Kojima, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Pluchar, P. Chanial, Abhirup Ghosh, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, G. Kang, E. Capote, A. K. Mehta, N. Man, H. Pang, K. A. Strain, K. Haughian, P. Ruggi, A. Puecher, A. Mullavey, T. J. N. Nelson, Filip Morawski, P. J. Easter, G. Guixé, Xiaohui Fan, P. Leaci, Y. R. Chen, Alessandro Bertolini, J. C. Driggers, John A. Clark, Ben Farr, Fabrizio Barone, Giuseppe Intini, D. Rozza, V. Dattilo, Tejinder Kaur, Edwin J. Son, Isobel M. Romero-Shaw, T. C. Pechsiri, Umakant D. Rapol, G. S. Wallace, Stefan Hild, J. D. Jones, A. C. Baylor, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, R. Huxford, Surabhi Sachdev, Christopher J. Moore, V. V. Frolov, Kazuhiro Hayama, K. Venkateswara, R. Cotesta, R. Mittleman, Kentaro Komori, Soubhik Kumar Bhaumik, Yuri Levin, Akito Araya, J. Von Wrangel, T. Kajita, L. Kleybolte, S. Oshino, G. S. Davies, T. Huynh-Dinh, Hajime Sotani, A. Z. Jan, C. Makarem, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, Hong Wu, J.-G. Ducoin, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, M. C. Díaz, A. Menendez-Vazquez, P. Figura, C. M. Compton, Antonios Kontos, B. L. Swinkels, Wei-Tou Ni, V. Tiwari, K. A. Thorne, Hisa-aki Shinkai, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, S. Wu, Ll. M. Mir, Junwei Cao, R. Kirchhoff, S. P. Jadhav, M. C. Heintze, Yann Bouffanais, V. Fafone, A. Pereira, J. A. Rocha, Nelson Christensen, S. A. Usman, E. G. Seo, E. K. Porter, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, A. Allocca, Marco Romanelli, Christophe Collette, C. J. Perez, B. D. O'Brien, R. P. Udall, R. C. Walet, C. Di Fronzo, T. R. Saravanan, J. Zhang, L. F. Ortega, V. P. Mitrofanov, R. Cummings, G. Koekoek, J. Betzwieser, M. Zhan, D. W. Yeeles, Antoine Heidmann, A. Brillet, G. Eddolls, A. D. Viets, D. Meacher, E. N. Tapia San Martin, K. Haris, F. Vetrano, Z. Hong, K. Kaihotsu, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, A. Hagiwara, L. C. Strang, R. L. Savage, Chunglee Kim, F. W. Yang, J. S. Kissel, H. Cao, Marc Favata, A. J. Weinstein, Fumihiro Uraguchi, Roger Jones, V. Villa-Ortega, David A. Williams, S. J. Cooper, N. Raza, I. W. Harry, C-Y. Lin, N. Y. Washington, N. Letendre, Nikhil Sarin, J. Heinzel, Thanh D. Nguyen, V. J. Roma, Leo Tsukada, E. Z. Hamilton, M. Matiushechkina, Nikita S. Shcheblanov, B. H. Hsieh, Y. Miyazaki, A. D. Huddart, N. Kawai, R. J. Trudeau, Anindita Ganguly, M. Diaz-Ortiz, J. Venneberg, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, K. E. Ramirez, H. Heitmann, D. Sawant, M. Laxen, Anchal Gupta, Kei Kotake, H. Y. Chia, E. Cuoco, N. A. Didio, E. N.Tapia San Mertin, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, F. E. Peña Arellano, A. Ueda, D. Lumaca, L. Xiao, A. P. Spencer, A. M. Farah, M. F. Carney, D. D. Brown, Chad Hanna, A. Bramley, Yue Zhao, C. Kimball, Sakae Araki, J. J. McCann, T. J. Slaven-Blair, S. ShyamSundar, C. Stachie, A. Parisi, J. Oberling, M. Pirello, Alena Ananyeva, A. Lartaux-Vollard, Suvadeep Bose, A. Depasse, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, Ajay Kumar, N. D. Ormsby, C. Whittle, Yuki Inoue, A. M. Gretarsson, C. Bradaschia, W-R. Xu, F. Carbognani, Yang Yang, Yoshiaki Himemoto, I. M. Pinto, I. 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Milovich-Goff, Neil J. Cornish, Sarah Antier, F-L. Lin, Alessandra Corsi, D. Laghi, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, P. Grassia, B. Shams, Kipp Cannon, D. M. Wilken, Riccardo Buscicchio, E. J. Daw, Maurizio Canepa, F. Magaña-Sandoval, P. Puppo, Javier M. Antelis, S. J. Kapadia, E. A. Huerta, H. L. Sawant, R. Goetz, Stefano Ansoldi, Tarun Souradeep, Wen-Biao Han, Wolfango Plastino, Antonio Marquina, Eric Hennes, C. L. Romel, A. S. Ubhi, T. A. Ferreira, K. D. Giardina, J. K. Wofford, M. A. Page, T. Ushiba, R. Nakashima, A. L. Urban, B. J. Piotrzkowski, B. E. Ewing, Z. Mark, Luca Baiotti, Simon Zeidler, Luigi D'Onofrio, F. Frasconi, D. Singh, T. Yoshioka, R. Flaminio, M. C. Tringali, Yousuke Itoh, Walid Chaibi, Odylio D. Aguiar, I. W. Martin, S. Hochheim, H. S. Chen, Francesco Puosi, J. Chen, N. A. Robertson, Patrick Godwin, M. C. Araya, Srishti Tiwari, C. Lazzaro, Patricia Schmidt, A. Trovato, J. G. Bartlett, P. G. Murray, Jung-Hoon Kim, N. Gohlke, Fabien Kéfélian, J. H. Hough, P. W. F. 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Ciani, Guenakh Mitselmakher, S. S. Eikenberry, Yuhang Zhao, B. A. Boom, A. M. Sergeev, Rosa Poggiani, B. Li, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, S. Farinon, A. Pele, Yutaro Enomoto, S. Doravari, Logan Richardson, Ping Huang, P. Raffai, G. I. McGhee, Stefano Bagnasco, Stephane Perries, Vincenzo Fiumara, K. Oh, Andrew Matas, Lucy E Clarke, S. H. Huttner, T. F. Bennett, J. Hanks, A. Chen, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, F. De Lillo, J. H. Briggs, Mark Hannam, A. Strunk, M. Llorens-Monteagudo, J-S. Tsao, N. Kijbunchoo, Sheelu Abraham, J. D. Bentley, P. A. Altin, M. Stover, P.H. Nguyen, D. Barker, Nicholas Demos, J. D. Lough, Soma Mukherjee, V. Sequino, C. J. Richardson, A. Samajdar, B. Sassolas, H. J. Bulten, D. C. Vander-Hyde, D. Griffith, C. M. Weller, Y. J. Huang, Bala R. Iyer, S. McCormick, Jian Li, Tristan Briant, Haocun Yu, L. Sun, T. Narikawa, A. M. Sintes, Chandra Kant Mishra, Joseph D. Romano, R. Bhandare, Ryo Yamazaki, Keiko Kokeyama, Mairi Sakellariadou, G. Pillant, Tenglin Li, L. Haegel, Viola Sordini, Masatake Ohashi, D. Mukherjee, B. Champion, P. Kolitsidou, B. Ratto, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, M. Schneewind, C. Casentini, Naoko Ohishi, Sebastian Khan, B. C. Barish, F. De Matteis, Archisman Ghosh, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), IHES, KAGRA, Virgo, LIGO Scientific, Spectroscopies optiques des matériaux verres, amorphes et à nanoparticules (SOPRANO), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES), Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, A., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Aleman, K. M., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, Koya, Arai, Koji, Arai, Y., Araki, S., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Aronson, S. M., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baiotti, L., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Bals, M., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Bankar, D., Bankar, R. S., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., Benyaala, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bidler, J., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Cain, H. W., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakravarti, K., Champion, B., Chan, C. -H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chaturvedi, M., Chen, A., Chen, C., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y. -B., Chen, Y. -R., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C-Y., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Cho, G., Cho, H. S., Choate, S., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, H., Chu, Q., Chu, Y-K., Chua, S., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, E. N., Clark, J. A., Clarke, L., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D. E., Cohen, L., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cuoco, E., Curyło, M., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., Dana, A., Daneshgaranbajastani, L. M., D’Angelo, B., Danilishin, S. L., D’Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Dean, R., Debra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deléglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., De Lillo, N., Del Pozzo, W., Demarchi, L. M., De Matteis, F., D’Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., Desalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhurandhar, S., Díaz, M. C., Diaz-Ortiz, M., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giorgio, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divakarla, A. K., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., D’Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Du, Z., Ducoin, J. -G., Dupej, P., Durante, O., D’Urso, D., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Easter, P. J., Ebersold, M., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eguchi, S., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Enomoto, Y., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estellés, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Ewing, B. E., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farah, A. M., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Farrow, N. W., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Feng, F., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Floden, E., Flynn, E., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franke, A., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frederick, C., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronzé, G. G., Fujii, Y., Fujikawa, Y., Fukunaga, M., Fukushima, M., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gais, J., Galaudage, S., Gamba, R., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gao, D., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., García-Núñez, C., García-Quirós, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gayathri, V., Ge, G., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Gewecke, P., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, Abhirup., Ghosh, Archisman, Ghosh, Shaon, Ghosh, Shrobana, Ghosh, Sourath, Giacomazzo, B., Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gier, C., Giesler, M., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gohlke, N., Goncharov, B., González, G., Gopakumar, A., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grace, B., Grado, A., Granata, M., Granata, V., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimes, E., Grimm, S. J., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guerrero, J. G., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Guixé, G., Gulati, H. K., Guo, H. -K., Guo, Y., Gupta, Anchal, Gupta, Anuradha, Gupta, P., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Guzman, F., Ha, S., Haegel, L., Hagiwara, A., Haino, S., Halim, O., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Han, W. -B., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hansen, H., Hansen, T. J., Hanson, J., Harder, T., Hardwick, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hartwig, D., Hasegawa, K., Haskell, B., Hasskew, R. K., Haster, C. -J., Hattori, K., Haughian, K., Hayakawa, H., Hayama, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J., Hennig, M. H., Vivanco, F. Hernandez, Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hill, P., Himemoto, Y., Hines, A. S., Hiranuma, Y., Hirata, N., Hirose, E., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Hohmann, J. N., Holgado, A. M., Holland, N. A., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hong, Z., Hopkins, P., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hreibi, A., Hsieh, B-H., Hsu, Y., Huang, G-Z., Huang, H-Y., Huang, P., Huang, Y-C., Huang, Y. -J., Huang, Y. -W., Hübner, M. T., Huddart, A. D., Huerta, E. A., Hughey, B., Hui, D. C. Y., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Ide, S., Idzkowski, B., Iess, A., Ikenoue, B., Imam, S., Inayoshi, K., Inchauspe, H., Ingram, C., Inoue, Y., Intini, G., Ioka, K., Isi, M., Isleif, K., Ito, K., Itoh, Y., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jaberianhamedan, V., Jacqmin, T., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., James, A. L., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaranowski, P., Jariwala, D., Jaume, R., Jenkins, A. C., Jeon, C., Jeunon, M., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Jin, H. -B., Johns, G. R., Jones, A. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, J. D., Jones, P., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Jung, K., Jung, P., Junker, J., Kaihotsu, K., Kajita, T., Kakizaki, M., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kamiizumi, M., Kanda, N., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kao, Y., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karat, S., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kawaguchi, K., Kawai, N., Kawasaki, T., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khazanov, E. A., Khetan, N., Khursheed, M., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., Kimura, N., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kita, N., Kitazawa, H., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knowles, T. D., Knyazev, E., Koch, P., Koekoek, G., Kojima, Y., Kokeyama, K., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kondrashov, V., Kong, A. K. H., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Kotake, K., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kozakai, C., Kozu, R., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuei, F., Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kume, J., Kuns, K., Kuo, C., Kuo, H-S., Kuromiya, Y., Kuroyanagi, S., Kusayanagi, K., Kwak, K., Kwang, S., Laghi, D., Lalande, E., Lam, T. L., Lamberts, A., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lee, R., Lehmann, J., Lemaître, A., Leon, E., Leonardi, M., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Leviton, J. N., Li, A. K. Y., Li, B., Li, J., Li, K. L., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Lin, C-Y., Lin, F-K., Lin, F-L., Lin, H. L., Lin, L. C. -C., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Linley, J. N., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, G. C., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liu, X., Llorens-Monteagudo, M., Lo, R. K. L., Lockwood, A., Lollie, M. L., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Luo, L. -W., Macas, R., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Macmillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magazzù, C., Magee, R. M., Maggiore, R., Majorana, E., Makarem, C., Maksimovic, I., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mango, J. L., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Marchio, M., Marion, F., Mark, Z., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martinovic, K., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Masalehdan, H., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matichard, F., Matiushechkina, M., Mavalvala, N., Mccann, J. J., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mcclincy, P., Mccormick, S., Mcculler, L., Mcghee, G. I., Mcguire, S. C., Mcisaac, C., Mciver, J., Mcmanus, D. J., Mcrae, T., Mcwilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Mehmet, M., Mehta, A. K., Melatos, A., Melchor, D. A., Mendell, G., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Michimura, Y., Middleton, H., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Millhouse, M., Mills, J. C., Milotti, E., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Mio, N., Mir, Ll. M., Mishkin, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mistry, T., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Miyakawa, O., Miyamoto, A., Miyazaki, Y., Miyo, K., Miyoki, S., Mo, Geoffrey, Mogushi, K., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina, I., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. 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gravitational radiation: anisotropy ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,gravitational radiation: stochastic ,Astronomy ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Physics, Particles & Fields ,Cosmology & Astrophysics ,energy: flux ,energy: density ,gravitational radiation: energy ,LIGO ,QC ,QB ,Physics ,Settore FIS/01 ,Spectral index ,Galactic Center ,Amplitude ,General relativity ,Sidereal time ,Physical Sciences ,[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc] ,gravitational radiation: power spectrum ,Gravitation ,data analysis method ,Anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background ,Experimental studies of gravity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,O3 ,O2 ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astronomy & Astrophysics ,Stochastic Background, Gravitational Waves, LIGO, Virgo, O1, O2, O3 ,O1 ,Gravitational waves ,UPPER LIMITS ,statistical analysis ,0103 physical sciences ,advanced LIGO and Virgo ,ddc:530 ,KAGRA ,010306 general physics ,STFC ,gravitational waves ,Virgo ,Gravitational Waves ,Science & Technology ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,gravitational radiation: background ,RCUK ,Galaxy ,VIRGO ,gravitational radiation: emission ,spectrum: density ,RADIATION ,CROSS-CORRELATION SEARCH ,Stochastic Background ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik ,galaxy - Abstract
We report results from searches for anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using data from the first three observing runs of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. For the first time, we include Virgo data in our analysis and run our search with a new efficient pipeline called {\tt PyStoch} on data folded over one sidereal day. We use gravitational-wave radiometry (broadband and narrow band) to produce sky maps of stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds and to search for gravitational waves from point sources. A spherical harmonic decomposition method is employed to look for gravitational-wave emission from spatially-extended sources. Neither technique found evidence of gravitational-wave signals. Hence we derive 95\% confidence-level upper limit sky maps on the gravitational-wave energy flux from broadband point sources, ranging from $F_{\alpha, \Theta} < {\rm (0.013 - 7.6)} \times 10^{-8} {\rm erg \, cm^{-2} \, s^{-1} \, Hz^{-1}},$ and on the (normalized) gravitational-wave energy density spectrum from extended sources, ranging from $\Omega_{\alpha, \Theta} < {\rm (0.57 - 9.3)} \times 10^{-9} \, {\rm sr^{-1}}$, depending on direction ($\Theta$) and spectral index ($\alpha$). These limits improve upon previous limits by factors of $2.9 - 3.5$. We also set 95\% confidence level upper limits on the frequency-dependent strain amplitudes of quasimonochromatic gravitational waves coming from three interesting targets, Scorpius X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic Center, with best upper limits range from $h_0 < {\rm (1.7-2.1)} \times 10^{-25},$ a factor of $\geq 2.0$ improvement compared to previous stochastic radiometer searches., Comment: 23 Pages, 9 Figures
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- 2021
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5. All-sky search in early O3 LIGO data for continuous gravitational-wave signals from unknown neutron stars in binary systems
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L. Kleybolte, Valérie Martinez, E. G. Seo, Susan M. Scott, E. K. Porter, Cesare Barbieri, Walter Winkler, Kopin Liu, Chad Hanna, A. Bramley, A. S. Markosyan, C. Kimball, Harald Lück, J. Oberling, M. Pirello, D. Passuello, A. Cirone, T. B. Edo, E. Knyazev, D. Verkindt, D. Ugolini, Roberto Chierici, P. Clearwater, Fiodor Sorrentino, C. Di Giorgio, J. Cao, S. C. McGuire, J. F. Read, S. Di Pace, H. Satari, J. Bidler, R. Dean, J. Calderón Bustillo, Miriam Lucio Martinez, F. Nocera, N. Letendre, Safura Sharifi, Alicia M. Sintes, M. Curyło, Nikhil Sarin, J. V. van Heijningen, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, A. Yoon, M. Lormand, J. Heinzel, Thanh D. Nguyen, E. Cuoco, D. Lumaca, M. A. Okada, K. Mason, D. J. Stops, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, J. S. H. Lee, T. Dal Canton, Felix Wellmann, J. Warner, I. Maksimovic, R. L. Ward, G. Hemming, R. Passaquieti, Laurent Pinard, F. Cleva, C. Messenger, M. P. Ross, M. Pichot, Maximiliano Isi, M. Croquette, E. M. Gretarsson, Ying Guo, D. 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A. Thorne, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Richard J. Abbott, Rakesh Kumar, Ll. M. Mir, Francesco Chiadini, J. Junker, Fausto Acernese, K. Kuns, J. A. Rocha, D. Mukherjee, O. Durante, K. Wette, John J. Oh, Timothy Evans, F. Di Renzo, M. G. Benjamin, B. Cousins, M. Cieślar, B. Champion, P. Kolitsidou, T. R. Saravanan, J. Zhang, M. Mondin, C. Nguyen, G. Cho, B. Ratto, Nergis Mavalvala, Jerome Degallaix, M. Schneewind, C. Casentini, V. Del Favero, Rory Smith, C. Adams, R. M. Blair, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, Gor Oganesyan, A. Singha, C. Frederick, A. F. Brooks, P. J. Quinonez, R. Coyne, T. J. Shaffer, Fabrice Matichard, M. Ying, M. Mantovani, L. F. Ortega, Sebastian Khan, B. C. Barish, F. De Matteis, Michelle E. Walker, Matteo Breschi, Alec Mishkin, R. Cavalieri, J. Eichholz, G. Moreno, H. Inchauspe, A. K. Srivastava, A. E. Pace, A. Sur, A. Basti, Ryan N. Lang, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, J.-P. Coulon, S. Koley, M. Brinkmann, R. Cummings, J. N. Leviton, D. Pascucci, D. W. Yeeles, E. A. Chase, Z. Frei, N. Sorrentino, Lindsay DeMarchi, D. I. Jones, Philip F. Hopkins, Shaon Ghosh, F. Hernandez Vivanco, I. Fiori, Shawn Rosofsky, D. Petterson, T. Di Girolamo, Fabrizio Giulio Luca Pilo, A. Schindler-Tyka, M. BenYaala, A. L. Stuver, A. M. Gretarsson, F. Muciaccia, C. De Rossi, Anupam Sharma, Tim Dietrich, Lionel London, B. Idzkowski, V. Loriette, V. Skliris, E. Payne, Matthew Evans, J. K. Blackburn, F. L. Linde, E. Chassande-Mottin, S. Galaudage, Sylvain Marsat, X. Liu, D. Estevez, C. Magazzù, T. Sadecki, Sheila Rowan, M. Ebersold, S. D'Antonio, Edoardo Milotti, B. Lantz, M. Pürrer, S. Kwang, M. Piendibene, S. Grunewald, R. Prasanna, S. Klimenko, C. Gray, A. Franke, Zhihui Du, G. Ciani, E. Lalande, M. Cannavacciuolo, S. S. Eikenberry, James Healy, M. Carpinelli, Rosa Poggiani, B. Li, S. Farinon, A. Pele, P. Brockill, P. Raffai, G. I. McGhee, Vincenzo Fiumara, R. M. S. Schofield, P. A. Duverne, Andrew Matas, J. Hanks, A. Chen, Nicholas Demos, J. D. Lough, Soma Mukherjee, J. F. J. van den Brand, S. Sunil, M. Tacca, P. G. Murray, Matthew Giesler, D. Moraru, Martin Hendry, Cecilio García-Quirós, M. C. Díaz, A. Menendez-Vazquez, N. Gohlke, Fabien Kéfélian, E. Floden, J. H. Hough, P. W. F. Forsyth, S. R. Thondapu, Gianpietro Cagnoli, J. R. Palamos, G. Baltus, P. Figura, C. M. Compton, Michele Zanolin, I. Magaña Hernandez, Antonios Kontos, Giuseppe Intini, T. J. Massinger, T. Vo, G. D. Hammond, A. Allocca, Javed Rana, P. Weßels, H. Yamamoto, F. Vetrano, Graham Woan, Robert L. Byer, Stuart Reid, F. J. Hayes, K. Soni, J. C. Driggers, A. M. Baer, A. Schönbeck, V. D'Emilio, Daniel Wysocki, I. A. O. MacMillan, Steven D. Penn, Jacob Scheuer, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, I. Michaloliakos, J. Betzwieser, Antoine Heidmann, N. Raza, Jonathan R. Gair, G. Pagano, Bernard F. Schutz, Li Ju, Brittany Kamai, A. Lartaux-Vollard, H. Overmier, Suvadeep Bose, B. Garaventa, R. Tenorio, N. A. Holland, D. Sellers, Carlos O. Lousto, C. V. Kalaghatgi, J. Hanson, R. Gouaty, A. V. Bhandari, Z. Márka, Jianfang Wang, Hang Yu, Riccardo Sturani, M. Merzougui, F. Kuei, L. Giacoppo, C. North, Thomas Dent, P. Corban, S. J. Cooper, Alberto Vecchio, Geoffrey Mo, James Whelan, P. Ajith, D. Schaetzl, J. M. Fishner, Will M. Farr, M. Montani, D. Sentenac, Patrick Brady, O. J. Piccinni, HyunGyu Suh, D. Davis, Nancy Aggarwal, A. Effler, E. Bonilla, K. Isleif, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Frank Ohme, Vicky Kalogera, E. Leon, O. Halim, M. Tonelli, L. Xiao, P. Fulda, J. Smetana, D. Jariwala, I. Dave, Guoying Zhao, S. L. Nadji, R. Quitzow-James, N. N. Janthalur, B. Hughey, J. L. Willis, M. Eisenmann, Ofek Birnholtz, Monica Colpi, W. Griffiths, Eric Howell, Andrew Lundgren, W. S. Kim, M. Pracchia, S. Leavey, Hai-Ping Cheng, A. Iess, L. K. Nuttall, Veronica Granata, Yi-Ting Hsu, M. Haney, T. A. Callister, R. Macas, G. Billingsley, J. N. Hohmann, A. L. James, Jade Powell, V. Mangano, I. Belahcene, H. K. Gulati, Valeria Sipala, David H. Reitze, Rahul Kashyap, C. McIsaac, N. De Lillo, Francesco Pannarale, Soichiro Morisaki, M. Bals, A. Rocchi, Alejandro Torres-Forné, B. Goncharov, R. Birney, Aldo Ejlli, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, M. Agathos, Soumen Roy, J. Neilson, Stephane Perries, S. H. Huttner, Andrew Melatos, M. Lorenzini, J. H. Briggs, Mark Hannam, A. Strunk, N. Kijbunchoo, Sheelu Abraham, J. D. Bentley, V. Sequino, C. J. Richardson, H. J. Bulten, D. Griffith, C. M. Weller, Bala R. Iyer, S. McCormick, Haocun Yu, R. S. Bankar, M. C. Milovich-Goff, A. Mhaske, A. K. Mehta, P. J. Easter, Alessandra Corsi, D. Laghi, T. Huynh-Dinh, A. Z. Jan, Chunglee Kim, J. S. Kissel, H. Cao, Marc Favata, Roger Jones, V. J. Roma, Nikita S. Shcheblanov, A. P. Spencer, D. D. Brown, A. Depasse, N. van Bakel, J. D. Merritt, A. Masserot, K. Kawabe, E. J. Daw, Maurizio Canepa, Antonio Marquina, Eric Hennes, A. S. Ubhi, T. A. Ferreira, K. D. Giardina, S. M. Aston, K. Ueno, Michael W. Coughlin, I. Khan, L. E. Wade, J. K. Wofford, M. A. Page, Samuel Deléglise, A. Fernandez-Galiana, C. Pankow, Eric Grimes, P. M. Meyers, A. Branch, H. Masalehdan, M. Zevin, John Veitch, J. Lehmann, N. Arnaud, Vijay Varma, M. MacInnis, Rémi Soulard, P. Rapagnani, T. Mistry, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Paul D. Lasky, R. K. Hasskew, J. W. Westhouse, B. E. Ewing, Z. Mark, Matthew Pitkin, N. Bose, M. Granata, M. C. Tringali, Peter Graham Jones, T. Prestegard, R. Musenich, V. Spagnuolo, J. Scott, J. Lange, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Simone Mozzon, Tania Regimbau, A. J. Tanasijczuk, K. W. Tsang, S. B. Anderson, K. M. Aleman, M. Kolstein, Zachariah B. Etienne, Gianluca Grignani, P. J. Veitch, Jennifer Watchi, D. Tsai, M. Boer, J. B. Kanner, M. Pedraza, A. Lockwood, F. Cavalier, Santosh Roy, H. Fong, G. Greco, Y. Bai, A. K. Divakarla, S. Hochheim, N. A. Robertson, J. G. Bartlett, David Jonathan Hofman, B. Nayak, Jonathan Blackman, P. Prosposito, K. Toland, Giacomo Bruno, José A. Font, N. Singh, M. Mateu-Lucena, D. P. Kapasi, J. McIver, Karsten Danzmann, Andrea H. Tapia, Javier Sánchez, E. Schwartz, A. W. Criswell, M. Punturo, Leopoldo Milano, Slawomir Gras, S. W. S. Ng, M. J. Szczepańczyk, Denis Martynov, Marco Bazzan, C. Ingram, G. Vajente, S. M. Gaebel, Alessandro Bertolini, J.-G. Ducoin, R. C. Walet, V. P. Mitrofanov, M. Diaz-Ortiz, J. Venneberg, W. Del Pozzo, P. F. Cohadon, H. Heitmann, D. Sawant, Matteo Pegoraro, Piero Rettegno, Laura Cadonati, Department of Science and Technology (India), Ministry of Human Resource Development (India), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Govern de les Illes Balears, Generalitat de Catalunya, Foundation for Polish Science, European Commission, Scottish Funding Council, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, Belgian Science Policy Office, National Research Foundation of Korea, Research Grants Council (Hong Kong), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Leverhulme Trust, Ministry of Science and Technology (Taiwan), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, LIGO Sci Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, A., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Aleman, K. M., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arene, M., Arnaud, N., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baird, J., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Bals, M., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Bankar, D., Bankar, R. S., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barnum, S., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Becsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., Benyaala, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bidler, J., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Byer, R. L., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Cain, H. W., Bustillo, J. C., Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. C., Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglia, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerda-Duran, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Chakravarti, K., Champion, B., Chan, C. -H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chandra, K., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chaturvedi, M., Chatziioannou, K., Chen, A., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Cho, G., Cho, H. S., Choate, S., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieslar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, E. N., Clark, J. A., Clarke, L., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D. E., Cohen, L., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrion, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cuoco, E., Curylo, M., Canton, T. D., Dalya, G., Dana, A., Daneshgaranbajastani, L. M., D'Angelo, B., Danilishin, S. L., D'Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Davis, D., Daw, E. J., Dean, R., Debra, D., Deenadayalan, M., Degallaix, J., De Laurentis, M., Deleglise, S., Del Favero, V., De Lillo, F., De Lillo, N., Del Pozzo, W., Demarchi, L. M., De Matteis, F., D'Emilio, V., Demos, N., Dent, T., Depasse, A., De Pietri, R., De Rosa, R., De Rossi, C., Desalvo, R., De Simone, R., Dhurandhar, S., Diaz, M. C., Diaz-Ortiz, M., Didio, N. A., Dietrich, T., Di Fiore, L., Di Fronzo, C., Di Giorgio, C., Di Giovanni, F., Di Girolamo, T., Di Lieto, A., Ding, B., Di Pace, S., Di Palma, I., Di Renzo, F., Divakarla, A. K., Dmitriev, A., Doctor, Z., D'Onofrio, L., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dorrington, I., Drago, M., Driggers, J. C., Drori, Y., Du, Z., Ducoin, J. -G., Dupej, P., Durante, O., D'Urso, D., Duverne, P. -A., Dwyer, S. E., Easter, P. J., Ebersold, M., Eddolls, G., Edelman, B., Edo, T. B., Edy, O., Effler, A., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Eisenmann, M., Eisenstein, R. A., Ejlli, A., Errico, L., Essick, R. C., Estelles, H., Estevez, D., Etienne, Z., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T. M., Ewing, B. E., Fafone, V., Fair, H., Fairhurst, S., Fan, X., Farah, A. M., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Farrow, N. W., Fauchon-Jones, E. J., Favata, M., Fays, M., Fazio, M., Feicht, J., Fejer, M. M., Feng, F., Fenyvesi, E., Ferguson, D. L., Fernandez-Galiana, A., Ferrante, I., Ferreira, T. A., Fidecaro, F., Figura, P., Fiori, I., Fishbach, M., Fisher, R. P., Fishner, J. M., Fittipaldi, R., Fiumara, V., Flaminio, R., Floden, E., Flynn, E., Fong, H., Font, J. A., Fornal, B., Forsyth, P. W. F., Franke, A., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frederick, C., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fronze, G. G., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gabbard, H. A., Gadre, B. U., Gaebel, S. M., Gair, J. R., Gais, J., Galaudage, S., Gamba, R., Ganapathy, D., Ganguly, A., Gaonkar, S. G., Garaventa, B., Garcia-Nunez, C., Garcia-Quiros, C., Garufi, F., Gateley, B., Gaudio, S., Gayathri, V., Gemme, G., Gennai, A., George, J., Gergely, L., Gewecke, P., Ghonge, S., Ghosh, A., Ghosh, S., Giacomazzo, B., Giacoppo, L., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Gibson, D. R., Gier, C., Giesler, M., Giri, P., Gissi, F., Glanzer, J., Gleckl, A. E., Godwin, P., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Gohlke, N., Goncharov, B., Gonzalez, G., Gopakumar, A., Gosselin, M., Gouaty, R., Grace, B., Grado, A., Granata, M., Granata, V., Grant, A., Gras, S., Grassia, P., Gray, C., Gray, R., Greco, G., Green, A. C., Green, R., Gretarsson, A. M., Gretarsson, E. M., Griffith, D., Griffiths, W., Griggs, H. L., Grignani, G., Grimaldi, A., Grimes, E., Grimm, S. J., Grote, H., Grunewald, S., Gruning, P., Guerrero, J. G., Guidi, G. M., Guimaraes, A. R., Guixe, G., Gulati, H. K., Guo, H. -K., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, P., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Guzman, F., Haegel, L., Halim, O., Hall, E. D., Hamilton, E. Z., Hammond, G., Haney, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hannam, M. D., Hannuksela, O. A., Hansen, H., Hansen, T. J., Hanson, J., Harder, T., Hardwick, T., Haris, K., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Hartwig, D., Haskell, B., Hasskew, R. K., Haster, C. -J., Haughian, K., Hayes, F. J., Healy, J., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M. C., Heinze, J., Heinzel, J., Heitmann, H., Hellman, F., Hello, P., Helmling-Cornell, A. F., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Hennes, E., Hennig, J., Hennig, M. H., Vivanco, F. H., Heurs, M., Hild, S., Hill, P., Hines, A. S., Hochheim, S., Hofman, D., Hohmann, J. N., Holgado, A. M., Holland, N. A., Hollows, I. J., Holmes, Z. J., Holt, K., Holz, D. E., Hopkins, P., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hoy, C. G., Hoyland, D., Hreibi, A., Hsu, Y., Huang, Y., Hubner, M. T., Huddart, A. D., Huerta, E. A., Hughey, B., Hui, V., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huxford, R., Huynh-Dinh, T., Idzkowski, B., Iess, A., Inchauspe, H., Ingram, C., Intini, G., Isi, M., Isleif, K., Iyer, B. R., Jaberianhamedan, V., Jacqmin, T., Jadhav, S. J., Jadhav, S. P., James, A. L., Jan, A. Z., Jani, K., Janssens, K., Janthalur, N. N., Jaranowski, P., Jariwala, D., Jaume, R., Jenkins, A. C., Jeunon, M., Jia, W., Jiang, J., Johns, G. R., Jones, A. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, J. D., Jones, P., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Junker, J., Kalaghatgi, C. V., Kalogera, V., Kamai, B., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Kao, Y., Kapadia, S. J., Kapasi, D. P., Karathanasis, C., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaur, T., Kawabe, K., Kefelian, F., Keitel, D., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khazanov, E. A., Khetan, N., Khursheed, M., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, C., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knee, A. M., Knowles, T. D., Knyazev, E., Koch, P., Koekoek, G., Koley, S., Kolitsidou, P., Kolstein, M., Komori, K., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Krolak, A., Kuehn, G., Kuei, F., Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kuns, K., Kwang, S., Laghi, D., Lalande, E., Lam, T. L., Lamberts, A., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lehmann, J., Lemaitre, A., Leon, E., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Leviton, J. N., Li, A. K. Y., Li, B., Li, J., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Linley, J. N., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liu, X., Llorens-Monteagudo, M., Lo, R. K. L., Lockwood, A., Lollie, M. L., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lopez, D., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Luck, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Macas, R., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Macmillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Hernandez, I. M., Magana-Sandoval, F., Magazzu, C., Magee, R. M., Maggiore, R., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Maliakal, S., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mango, J. L., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Mark, Z., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, M., Martinez, V., Martinovic, K., Martynov, D. V., Marx, E. J., Masalehdan, H., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Mateu-Lucena, M., Matichard, F., Matiushechkina, M., Mavalvala, N., Mccann, J. J., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mcclincy, P., Mccormick, S., Mcculler, L., Mcghee, G. I., Mcguire, S. C., Mcisaac, C., Mciver, J., Mcmanus, D. J., Mcrae, T., Mcwilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Mehmet, M., Mehta, A. K., Melatos, A., Melchor, D. A., Mendell, G., Menendez-Vazquez, A., Menoni, C. S., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Meyers, P. M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Millhouse, M., Mills, J. C., Milotti, E., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Mir, L. M., Mishkin, A., Mishra, C., Mishra, T., Mistry, T., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Mo, G., Mogushi, K., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina, I., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., More, A., Moreno, C., Moreno, G., Morisaki, S., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, A., Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muniz, E. A., Murray, P. G., Musenich, R., Nadji, S. L., Nagar, A., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, B., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, K. Y., Ng, S. W. S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Nguyen, T., Nichols, S. A., Nissanke, S., Nocera, F., Noh, M., Norman, M., North, C., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., O'Brien, B. D., O'Dell, J., Oganesyan, G., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Okada, M. A., Olivetto, C., Oram, R., O'Reilly, B., Ormiston, R. G., Ormsby, N. D., Ortega, L. F., O'Shaughnessy, R., O'Shea, E., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Pace, A. E., Pagano, G., Page, M. A., Pagliaroli, G., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Panda, P. K., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Paolone, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patel, M., Patricelli, B., Payne, E., Pechsiri, T. 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W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tsutsui, T., Turconi, M., Ubhi, A. S., Udall, R. P., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Utina, A. C., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valentini, M., Valsan, V., Van Bakel, N., Van Beuzekom, M., Van Den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander-Hyde, D. C., Van Der Schaaf, L., Van Heijningen, J. V., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varma, V., Vasuth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venneberg, J., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Verma, Y., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Vicere, A., Viets, A. D., Villa-Ortega, V., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Von Reis, E. R. G., Von Wrangel, J., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Walet, R. C., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Washington, N. 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Tapia San, Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Torres-Forné, A., e Melo, I. Tosta, Töyrä, D., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van den Brand, J. F. J., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., Vasúth, M., Viceré, A., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J., Weßels, P., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zadroźny, A., Faculty of Science, Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), IoP (FNWI), Sub Subatomic Physics (SAP), Subatomic Physics, Abbott, R, Abbott, T, Abraham, S, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adams, A, Adams, C, Adhikari, R, Adya, V, Affeldt, C, Agarwal, D, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Aleman, K, Allen, G, Allocca, A, Altin, P, Amato, A, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Angelova, S, Ansoldi, S, Antelis, J, Antier, S, Appert, S, Arai, K, Araya, M, Areeda, J, Arene, M, Arnaud, N, Aronson, S, Arun, K, Asali, Y, Ashton, G, Aston, S, Astone, P, Aubin, F, Aufmuth, P, Aultoneal, K, Austin, C, Babak, S, Badaracco, F, Bader, M, Bae, S, Baer, A, Bagnasco, S, Bai, Y, Baird, J, Ball, M, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, S, Bals, M, Balsamo, A, Baltus, G, Banagiri, S, Bankar, D, Bankar, R, Barayoga, J, Barbieri, C, Barish, B, Barker, D, Barneo, P, Barnum, S, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Bartlett, J, Barton, M, Bartos, I, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Bawaj, M, Bayley, J, Baylor, A, Bazzan, M, Becsy, B, Bedakihale, V, Bejger, M, Belahcene, I, Benedetto, V, Beniwal, D, Benjamin, M, Bennett, T, Bentley, J, Benyaala, M, Bergamin, F, Berger, B, Bernuzzi, S, Bersanetti, D, Bertolini, A, Betzwieser, J, Bhandare, R, Bhandari, A, Bhattacharjee, D, Bhaumik, S, Bidler, J, Bilenko, I, Billingsley, G, Birney, R, Birnholtz, O, Biscans, S, Bischi, M, Biscoveanu, S, Bisht, A, Biswas, B, Bitossi, M, Bizouard, M, Blackburn, J, Blackman, J, Blair, C, Blair, D, Blair, R, Bobba, F, Bode, N, Boer, M, Bogaert, G, Boldrini, M, Bondu, F, Bonilla, E, Bonnand, R, Booker, P, Boom, B, Bork, R, Boschi, V, Bose, N, Bose, S, Bossilkov, V, Boudart, V, Bouffanais, Y, Bozzi, A, Bradaschia, C, Brady, P, Bramley, A, Branch, A, Branchesi, M, Brau, J, Breschi, M, Briant, T, Briggs, J, Brillet, A, 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Chu, Q, Chua, S, Chung, K, Ciani, G, Ciecielag, P, Cieslar, M, Cifaldi, M, Ciobanu, A, Ciolfi, R, Cipriano, F, Cirone, A, Clara, F, Clark, E, Clark, J, Clarke, L, Clearwater, P, Clesse, S, Cleva, F, Coccia, E, Cohadon, P, Cohen, D, Cohen, L, Colleoni, M, Collette, C, Colpi, M, Compton, C, Constancio, M, Conti, L, Cooper, S, Corban, P, Corbitt, T, Cordero-Carrion, I, Corezzi, S, Corley, K, Cornish, N, Corre, D, Corsi, A, Cortese, S, Costa, C, Cotesta, R, Coughlin, M, Coughlin, S, Coulon, J, Countryman, S, Cousins, B, Couvares, P, Covas, P, Coward, D, Cowart, M, Coyne, D, Coyne, R, Creighton, J, Creighton, T, Criswell, A, Croquette, M, Crowder, S, Cudell, J, Cullen, T, Cumming, A, Cummings, R, Cuoco, E, Curylo, M, Canton, T, Dalya, G, Dana, A, Daneshgaranbajastani, L, D'Angelo, B, Danilishin, S, D'Antonio, S, Danzmann, K, Darsow-Fromm, C, Dasgupta, A, Datrier, L, Dattilo, V, Dave, I, Davier, M, Davies, G, Davis, D, Daw, E, Dean, R, Debra, D, Deenadayalan, M, Degallaix, J, De Laurentis, M, Deleglise, S, Del Favero, V, De Lillo, F, De Lillo, N, Del Pozzo, W, Demarchi, L, De Matteis, F, D'Emilio, V, Demos, N, Dent, T, Depasse, A, De Pietri, R, De Rosa, R, De Rossi, C, Desalvo, R, De Simone, R, Dhurandhar, S, Diaz, M, Diaz-Ortiz, M, Didio, N, Dietrich, T, Di Fiore, L, Di Fronzo, C, Di Giorgio, C, Di Giovanni, F, Di Girolamo, T, Di Lieto, A, Ding, B, Di Pace, S, Di Palma, I, Di Renzo, F, Divakarla, A, Dmitriev, A, Doctor, Z, D'Onofrio, L, Donovan, F, Dooley, K, Doravari, S, Dorrington, I, Drago, M, Driggers, J, Drori, Y, Du, Z, Ducoin, J, Dupej, P, Durante, O, D'Urso, D, Duverne, P, Dwyer, S, Easter, P, Ebersold, M, Eddolls, G, Edelman, B, Edo, T, Edy, O, Effler, A, Eichholz, J, Eikenberry, S, Eisenmann, M, Eisenstein, R, Ejlli, A, Errico, L, Essick, R, Estelles, H, Estevez, D, Etienne, Z, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, T, Ewing, B, Fafone, V, Fair, H, Fairhurst, S, Fan, X, Farah, A, Farinon, S, Farr, B, Farr, W, Farrow, N, Fauchon-Jones, E, Favata, M, Fays, M, Fazio, M, Feicht, J, Fejer, M, Feng, F, Fenyvesi, E, Ferguson, D, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Ferrante, I, Ferreira, T, Fidecaro, F, Figura, P, Fiori, I, Fishbach, M, Fisher, R, Fishner, J, Fittipaldi, R, Fiumara, V, Flaminio, R, Floden, E, Flynn, E, Fong, H, Font, J, Fornal, B, Forsyth, P, Franke, A, Frasca, S, Frasconi, F, Frederick, C, Frei, Z, Freise, A, Frey, R, Fritschel, P, Frolov, V, Fronze, G, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Gabbard, H, Gadre, B, Gaebel, S, Gair, J, Gais, J, Galaudage, S, Gamba, R, Ganapathy, D, Ganguly, A, Gaonkar, S, Garaventa, B, Garcia-Nunez, C, Garcia-Quiros, C, Garufi, F, Gateley, B, Gaudio, S, Gayathri, V, Gemme, G, Gennai, A, George, J, Gergely, L, Gewecke, P, Ghonge, S, Ghosh, A, Ghosh, S, Giacomazzo, B, Giacoppo, L, Giaime, J, Giardina, K, Gibson, D, Gier, C, Giesler, M, Giri, P, Gissi, F, Glanzer, J, Gleckl, A, Godwin, P, Goetz, E, Goetz, R, Gohlke, N, Goncharov, B, Gonzalez, G, Gopakumar, A, Gosselin, M, Gouaty, R, Grace, B, Grado, A, Granata, M, Granata, V, Grant, A, Gras, S, Grassia, P, Gray, C, Gray, R, Greco, G, Green, A, Green, R, Gretarsson, A, Gretarsson, E, Griffith, D, Griffiths, W, Griggs, H, Grignani, G, Grimaldi, A, Grimes, E, Grimm, S, Grote, H, Grunewald, S, Gruning, P, Guerrero, J, Guidi, G, Guimaraes, A, Guixe, G, Gulati, H, Guo, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, A, Gupta, P, Gustafson, E, Gustafson, R, Guzman, F, Haegel, L, Halim, O, Hall, E, Hamilton, E, Hammond, G, Haney, M, Hanks, J, Hanna, C, Hannam, M, Hannuksela, O, Hansen, H, Hansen, T, Hanson, J, Harder, T, Hardwick, T, Haris, K, Harms, J, Harry, G, Harry, I, Hartwig, D, Haskell, B, Hasskew, R, Haster, C, Haughian, K, Hayes, F, Healy, J, Heidmann, A, Heintze, M, Heinze, J, Heinzel, J, Heitmann, H, Hellman, F, Hello, P, Helmling-Cornell, A, Hemming, G, Hendry, M, Heng, I, Hennes, E, Hennig, J, Hennig, M, Vivanco, F, Heurs, M, Hild, S, Hill, P, Hines, A, Hochheim, S, Hofman, D, Hohmann, J, Holgado, A, Holland, N, Hollows, I, Holmes, Z, Holt, K, Holz, D, Hopkins, P, Hough, J, Howell, E, Hoy, C, Hoyland, D, Hreibi, A, Hsu, Y, Huang, Y, Hubner, M, Huddart, A, Huerta, E, Hughey, B, Hui, V, Husa, S, Huttner, S, Huxford, R, Huynh-Dinh, T, Idzkowski, B, Iess, A, Inchauspe, H, Ingram, C, Intini, G, Isi, M, Isleif, K, Iyer, B, Jaberianhamedan, V, Jacqmin, T, Jadhav, S, James, A, Jan, A, Jani, K, Janssens, K, Janthalur, N, Jaranowski, P, Jariwala, D, Jaume, R, Jenkins, A, Jeunon, M, Jia, W, Jiang, J, Johns, G, Jones, A, Jones, D, Jones, J, Jones, P, Jones, R, Jonker, R, Ju, L, Junker, J, Kalaghatgi, C, Kalogera, V, Kamai, B, Kandhasamy, S, Kang, G, Kanner, J, Kao, Y, Kapadia, S, Kapasi, D, Karathanasis, C, Karki, S, Kashyap, R, Kasprzack, M, Kastaun, W, Katsanevas, S, Katsavounidis, E, Katzman, W, Kaur, T, Kawabe, K, Kefelian, F, Keitel, D, Key, J, Khadka, S, Khalili, F, Khan, I, Khan, S, Khazanov, E, Khetan, N, Khursheed, M, Kijbunchoo, N, Kim, C, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, W, Kim, Y, Kimball, C, King, P, Kinley-Hanlon, M, Kirchhoff, R, Kissel, J, Kleybolte, L, Klimenko, S, Knee, A, 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R, Maggiore, R, Majorana, E, Maksimovic, I, Maliakal, S, Malik, A, Man, N, Mandic, V, Mangano, V, Mango, J, Mansell, G, Manske, M, Mantovani, M, Mapelli, M, Marchesoni, F, Marion, F, Mark, Z, Marka, S, Marka, Z, Markakis, C, Markosyan, A, Markowitz, A, Maros, E, Marquina, A, Marsat, S, Martelli, F, Martin, I, Martin, R, Martinez, M, Martinez, V, Martinovic, K, Martynov, D, Marx, E, Masalehdan, H, Mason, K, Massera, E, Masserot, A, Massinger, T, Masso-Reid, M, Mastrogiovanni, S, Matas, A, Mateu-Lucena, M, Matichard, F, Matiushechkina, M, Mavalvala, N, Mccann, J, Mccarthy, R, Mcclelland, D, Mcclincy, P, Mccormick, S, Mcculler, L, Mcghee, G, Mcguire, S, Mcisaac, C, Mciver, J, Mcmanus, D, Mcrae, T, Mcwilliams, S, Meacher, D, Mehmet, M, Mehta, A, Melatos, A, Melchor, D, Mendell, G, Menendez-Vazquez, A, Menoni, C, Mercer, R, Mereni, L, Merfeld, K, Merilh, E, Merritt, J, Merzougui, M, Meshkov, S, Messenger, C, Messick, C, Meyers, P, Meylahn, F, Mhaske, A, Miani, A, Miao, H, Michaloliakos, I, 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O'Shaughnessy, R, O'Shea, E, Ossokine, S, Osthelder, C, Ottaway, D, Overmier, H, Pace, A, Pagano, G, Page, M, Pagliaroli, G, Pai, A, Pai, S, Palamos, J, Palashov, O, Palomba, C, Panda, P, Pang, P, Pankow, C, Pannarale, F, Pant, B, Paoletti, F, Paoli, A, Paolone, A, Parker, W, Pascucci, D, Pasqualetti, A, Passaquieti, R, Passuello, D, Patel, M, Patricelli, B, Payne, E, Pechsiri, T, Pedraza, M, Pegoraro, M, Pele, A, Penn, S, Perego, A, Pereira, A, Pereira, T, Perez, C, Perigois, C, Perreca, A, Perries, S, Petermann, J, Petterson, D, Pfeiffer, H, Pham, K, Phukon, K, Piccinni, O, Pichot, M, Piendibene, M, Piergiovanni, F, Pierini, L, Pierro, V, Pillant, G, Pilo, F, Pinard, L, Pinto, I, Piotrzkowski, B, Piotrzkowski, K, Pirello, M, Pitkin, M, Placidi, E, Plastino, W, Pluchar, C, Poggiani, R, Polini, E, Pong, D, Ponrathnam, S, Popolizio, P, Porter, E, Powell, J, Pracchia, M, Pradier, T, Prajapati, A, Prasai, K, Prasanna, R, Pratten, G, Prestegard, T, Principe, M, Prodi, G, Prokhorov, L, 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Steinlechner, J, Steinlechner, S, Stops, D, Stover, M, Strain, K, Strang, L, Stratta, G, Strunk, A, Sturani, R, Stuver, A, Sudbeck, J, Sudhagar, S, Sudhir, V, Suh, H, Summerscales, T, Sun, H, Sun, L, Sunil, S, Sur, A, Suresh, J, Sutton, P, Swinkels, B, Szczepanczyk, M, Szewczyk, P, Tacca, M, Tait, S, Talbot, C, Tanasijczuk, A, Tanner, D, Tao, D, Tapia, A, Martin, E, Tasson, J, Tenorio, R, Terkowski, L, Test, M, Thirugnanasambandam, M, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thompson, J, Thondapu, S, Thorne, K, Thrane, E, Tiwari, S, Tiwari, V, Toland, K, Tolley, A, Tonelli, M, Torres-Forne, A, Torrie, C, E Melo, I, Toyra, D, Trapananti, A, Travasso, F, Traylor, G, Tringali, M, Tripathee, A, Troiano, L, Trovato, A, Trudeau, R, Tsai, D, Tsang, K, Tse, M, Tso, R, Tsukada, L, Tsuna, D, Tsutsui, T, Turconi, M, Ubhi, A, Udall, R, Ueno, K, Ugolini, D, Unnikrishnan, C, Urban, A, Usman, S, Utina, A, Vahlbruch, H, Vajente, G, Vajpeyi, A, Valdes, G, Valentini, M, Valsan, V, Van Bakel, N, Van Beuzekom, M, Van Den 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M, Yoon, A, Yu, H, Zadrozny, A, Zanolin, M, Zelenova, T, Zendri, J, Zevin, M, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, R, Zhang, T, Zhao, C, Zhao, G, Zhao, Y, Zhou, Z, Zhu, X, Zucker, M, Zweizig, J, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
binary: orbit ,neutron star: binary ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Astronomy ,binary [neutron star] ,Astrophysics ,Gravitational Waves ,LIGO (Observatory) ,Neutron Stars ,01 natural sciences ,neutron stars ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Monte Carlo: Markov chain ,Physics, Particles & Fields ,binary stars ,binary systems ,Binary Systems ,LIGO ,gravitational wave ,QC ,QB ,pulsar ,astro-ph.HE ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,education.field_of_study ,Settore FIS/03 ,orbit [binary] ,General relativity ,Physical Sciences ,[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc] ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,binary star ,data analysis method ,sensitivity [detector] ,gr-qc ,frequency [modulation] ,Population ,neutron star: spin ,FOS: Physical sciences ,alternative theories of gravity ,Markov chain [Monte Carlo] ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astronomy & Astrophysics ,Gravitational Waves, Neutron Stars, Binary Systems, LIGO, Virgo ,emission [gravitational radiation] ,Pulsar ,binary: coalescence ,0103 physical sciences ,Binary star ,ddc:530 ,spin [neutron star] ,background [gravitational radiation] ,010306 general physics ,education ,STFC ,Orbital elements ,Science & Technology ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Virgo ,gravitational radiation: background ,modulation: frequency ,RCUK ,gravitational radiation detector ,detector: sensitivity ,Neutron star ,VIRGO ,gravitational radiation: emission ,Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik ,coalescence [binary] ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] - Abstract
Rapidly spinning neutron stars are promising sources of continuous gravitational waves. Detecting such a signal would allow probing of the physical properties of matter under extreme conditions. A significant fraction of the known pulsar population belongs to binary systems. Searching for unknown neutron stars in binary systems requires specialized algorithms to address unknown orbital frequency modulations. We present a search for continuous gravitational waves emitted by neutron stars in binary systems in early data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors using the semicoherent, GPU-accelerated, binaryskyhough pipeline. The search analyzes the most sensitive frequency band of the LIGO detectors, 50-300 Hz. Binary orbital parameters are split into four regions, comprising orbital periods of three to 45 days and projected semimajor axes of two to 40 light seconds. No detections are reported. We estimate the sensitivity of the search using simulated continuous wave signals, achieving the most sensitive results to date across the analyzed parameter space., The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies, as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d’Innovació, Recerca i Turisme, the Conselleria d’Educació i Universitat and the Direcció General de Política Universitaria i Recerca del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, the Barcelona Supercomputing Center—Centro Nacional de Supercomputación, Spain, the National Science Centre of Poland, and the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, the U.S. DOE, and the Kavli Foundation.
- Published
- 2021
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6. Open data from the first and second observing runs of advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo
- Author
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Rich , Abbott, Thomas , Sheelu , Abraham, Fausto , Acernese, Kendall , Ackley, Carl , Adams, Rana , Adhikari, Vaishali , Adya, Christoph , Affeldt, Michalis , Agathos, Kazuhiro , Agatsuma, Nancy , Aggarwal, Odylio , Aguiar, Amit , Aich, Lorenzo , Aiello, Anirban , Ain, Ajith , Parameswaran, Gabrielle , Allen, Annalisa , Allocca, Paul , Altin, Alex , Amato, Shreya , Anand, Alena , Ananyeva, Stuart , Anderson, Warren , Svetoslava, Angelova, Stefano , Ansoldi, Sarah , Antier, Stephen , Appert, Koji , Arai, Melody, Araya, Joseph, Areeda, Marc , Arène, Nicolas , Arnaud, Scott, Aronson, Arun, Kg, Ascenzi, Gregory , Ashton, Stuart, Aston, Pia , Astone, Florian , Aubin, Peter , Aufmuth, Kellie , Aultoneal, Corey , Austin, Valerie , Avendano, Stanislav , Babak, Philippe , Bacon, Francesca , Badaracco, Maria, Bader, Sangwook , Bae, Anne, Baer, Jonathon , Baird, Baldaccini, Giulio , Ballardin, Stefan, Ballmer, Anna-marie , Bals, Alexander , Balsamo, Baltus, Sharan , Banagiri, Deepak , Bankar, Rameshwar, Bankar, Juan, Barayoga, Claudio , Barbieri, Barry, Barish, David , Barker, Kevin , Barkett, Pablo , Barneo, Fabrizio , Barone, Bryan , Barr, Lisa , Barsotti, Matteo , Barsuglia, Daniel , Barta, Jeffrey , Bartlett, Imre , Bartos, Riccardo , Bassiri, Andrea , Basti, Mateusz , Bawaj, Joseph, Bayley, Marco , Bazzan, Bence , Bécsy, Michal , Bejger, Imene , Belahcene, Angus, Bell, Deeksha , Beniwal, Michael, Benjamin, Joe, Bentley, Fabio , Bergamin, Beverly, Berger, Gerald , Bergmann, Sebastiano , Bernuzzi, Christopher, Berry, Diego , Bersanetti, Alessandro , Bertolini, Joseph , Betzwieser, Rohan , Bhandare, Ankit, Bhandari, Bidler, Edward , Biggs, Igor, Bilenko, Garilynn , Billingsley, Ross , Birney, Ofek , Birnholtz, Sebastien , Biscans, Bischi, Sylvia , Biscoveanu, Aparna , Bisht, Guldauren , Bissenbayeva, Massimiliano , Bitossi, Marieanne, Bizouard, Kent, Blackburn, Jonathan , Blackman, Carl, Blair, David, Blair, Ryan, Blair, Bobba, Nina , Bode, Michel , Boer, Yannick , Boetzel, Gilles , Bogaert, Francois , Bondu, Edgard , Bonilla, Romain , Bonnand, Phillip , Booker, Boris, Boom, Rolf , Bork, Valerio , Boschi, Sukanta , Bose, Vladimir , Bossilkov, Joel , Bosveld, Yann , Bouffanais, Antonella , Bozzi, Carlo , Bradaschia, Patrick, Brady, Alyssa , Bramley, Marica , Branchesi, Jim, Brau, Breschi, Tristan , Briant, Joseph, Briggs, Francesco , Brighenti, Alain , Brillet, Brinkmann, Patrick , Brockill, Aidan, Brooks, Brooks, Daniel, Brown, Sharon , Brunett, Giacomo , Bruno, Robert , Bruntz, Aaron , Buikema, Tomasz , Bulik, Henk, Bulten, Alessandra , Buonanno, Damir , Buskulic, Robert, Byer, Miriam , Cabero, Laura , Cadonati, Giampietro , Cagnoli, Craig , Cahillane, Juan , Calderón , Bustillo, Jack, Callaghan, Thomas, Callister, Enrico , Calloni, Jordan, Camp, Maurizio , Canepa, Kipp, Cannon, Huy-tuong , Cao, Junwei , Giovanni , Carapella, Franco , Carbognani, Santiago , Caride, Matthew, Carney, Gregorio , Carullo, Julia , Casanueva , Diaz, Claudio , Casentini, Javier , Castañeda, Sarah , Caudill, Marco , Cavaglià, Fabien , Cavalier, Roberto , Cavalieri, Giancarlo , Cella, Pablo , Cerdá-Durán, Elisabetta , Cesarini, Oualid , Chaibi, Kabir , Chakravarti, Chiwai , Chan, Manleong , Chan, Shiuh , Chao, Philip , Charlton, Eve, Chase, Eric , Chassande-Mottin, Deep , Chatterjee, Mayank , Chaturvedi, Hsin-yu, Chen, Xu , Chen, Yanbei , Hai-ping , Cheng, Chi-kit, Cheong, Hanyu, Chia, Chiadini, Roberto , Chierici, Chincarini, Antonino , Chiummo, Gihyuk , Cho, Heesuk, Cho, Min-a , Nelson , Christensen, Qi , Chu, Sheon , Chua, Ka-wai, Chung, Shinkee , Chung, Ciani, Pawel , Ciecielag, Marek , Cieślar, Alexei, Ciobanu, Ciolfi, Cipriano, Alessio , Cirone, Filiberto , Clara, James, Clark, Clearwater, Clesse, Frederic , Cleva, Eugenio , Coccia, Pierre-francois , Cohadon, Cohen, Marta , Colleoni, Christophe, Collette, Christopher , Collins, Monica , Colpi, Marcio , Constancio , Livia , Jr., Conti, Sam, Cooper, Corban, Thomas, Corbitt, Isabel , 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D’Emilio, Nicholas , Demos, Dent, Pietri, Rosario , Rosa, Camilla , Rossi, Riccardo , Desalvo, Omar , de , Varona, Sanjeev , Dhurandhar, Mario, Díaz, Mauricio , Diaz-Ortiz , Tim , Dietrich, Luciano , Di , Fiore, Chiara , Fronzo, Cinzia , Giorgio, Giovanni, Matteo , Giovanni, Tristano , Girolamo, Alberto , Lieto, Binlei , Ding, Sibilla , Pace, Irene , Palma, Renzo, Atul, Divakarla, Artemiy , Dmitriev, Zoheyr , Doctor, Fred , Donovan, Katherine, Dooley, Suresh , Doravari, Iain , Dorrington, Thomas, Downes, Drago, Jenne, Driggers, Zhihui , Jean-gregoire , Ducoin, Dupej, Ofelia , Durante, Domenico , D’Urso, Sheila, Dwyer, Paul, Easter, Graeme , Eddolls, Bruce , Edelman, Tega, Edo, Oliver , Edy, Anamaria , Effler, Phil , Ehrens, Johannes , Eichholz, Stephen, Eikenberry, Eisenmann, Robert, Eisenstein, Aldo , Ejlli, Lucianolucianikerrico , Errico, Reed, Essick, Hector , Estelles, Dimitri , Estevez, Zachariah, Etienne, Todd , Etzel, Matthew , Evans, Tom, Evans, Rebecca, Ewing, Viviana , Fafone, Fairhurst, Xilong , Fan, Stefania , Farinon, Benjamin , Farr, Will, Farr, Edward, Fauchon-Jones, Favata, Maxime , Fays, Mariana , Fazio, Jon , Feicht, Martin, Fejer, Fangchen , Feng, Edit , Fenyvesi, Deborah, Ferguson, Alvaro , Fernandez-Galiana, Isidoro , Ferrante, Elvis, Ferreira, Tabata, Ferreira, Fidecaro, Irene , Fiori, Donatella , Fiorucci, Maya , Fishbach, Ryan, Fisher, Rosalba , Fittipaldi, Margot , Fitz-Axen, Vincenzo , Fiumara, Raffaele , Flaminio, Erik , Floden, Flynn, Heather , Fong, Antonio, Font, Perry , Forsyth, Jean-daniel , Fournier, Sergio , Frasca, Frasconi, Zsolt , Frei, Andreas , Freise, Raymond , Frey, Valentin , Fritschel, Valery, Frolov, Gabriele , Fronzè, Fulda, Fyffe, Hunter, Gabbard, Bhooshan, Gadre, Sebastian, Gaebel, Jonathan, Gair, Shanika , Galaudage, Dhruva , Ganapathy, Sharad, Gaonkar, Cecilio , García-Quirós, Garufi, Bubba , Gateley, Gaudio, Gayathri , Gayathri, Gianluca , Gemme, Genin, Alberto , Gennai, George, Jogy , Laszlo , Gergely, 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Jones, Ian, Jones, Jeff, Jones, Philip , Jones, Russell , Reinier,  , Jonker, Ju , Jonas , Junker, Chinmay, Kalaghatgi, Vassiliki , Kalogera, Brittany , Kamai, Shivaraj , Kandhasamy, Gungwon , Kang, Jonah, Kanner, Shasvath, Kapadia, Karki, Rahul , Kashyap, Marie , Kasprzack, Wolfgang , Kastaun, Stavros , Katsanevas, Katsavounidis, William , Katzman, Kaufer, Keita , Kawabe, Fabien , Kéfélian, Keitel, Azadeh , Keivani, Kennedy, Joey, Key, Sudiksha , Khadka, Farit, Khalili, Imran , Khan, Sebastian , Zaki, Khan, Efim, Khazanov, Nandita , Khetan, Mohammad , Khursheed, Nutsinee , Kijbunchoo, Chunglee , Kim, Grace, Kim, Jeongcho, Kim, Kyungmin , Won , Whansun, Kim, Young-min , Charles , Kimball, Peter, King, Kinley-Hanlon, Robin , Kirchhoff, Jeffrey, Kissel, Kleybolte, Sergei , Klimenko, Tyler, Knowles, Koch, Sina, Koehlenbeck, Gideon , Koekoek, Soumen , Koley, Veronica , Kondrashov, Antonios , Kontos, Nico , Koper, Mikhail , Korobko, William, Korth, Manoj , Kovalam, Dan, Kozak, Volker , Kringel, Krishnendu, Nv, Andrzej , Królak, Natalie , Krupinski, Gerrit , Kuehn, Anil , Kumar, Prayush , Rakesh , Sumit , Ling-chi , Kuo, Adam , Kutynia, Benjamin, Lackey, Danny , Laghi, Emile , Lalande, Lam, Lam, Astrid , Lamberts, Landry, Benjamin, Lane, Ryan, Lang, Jacob , Lange, Brian , Lantz, Robert, Lanza, Iuri , La , Rosa, Angelique , Lartaux-Vollard, Paul, Lasky, Laxen, Albert , Lazzarini, Claudia , Lazzaro, Paola , Leaci, Sean , Leavey, Yannick, Lecoeuche, Chang-hwan, Lee, Hyung-mok, Lee, Hyungwon, Lee, Joongoo , Lee, Kyung-ha , Lehmann, Leroy, Letendre, Yuri , Levin, Alvin,  , Jin , Kaye , Tjonnie,  , Xiang , Frank , Linde, Seth, Linker, Jethro, Linley, Tyson, Littenberg, Liu , Liu, Xiaoshu , Miquel , Llorens-Monteagudo, Ka-lok , Alexandra , Lockwood, Lionel, London, Longo, Lorenzini, Vincent , Loriette, Lormand, Losurdo, James, Lough, Carlos, Lousto, Geoffrey , Lovelace, Harald , Lück, Diana , Lumaca, Andrew, Lundgren, Ma , Yiqiu, Ronaldas , Macas, Macfoy, Myron , Macinnis, 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D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aich, A., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Arnaud, N., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Aufmuth, P., Aultoneal, K., Austin, C., Avendano, V., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baer, A. M., Baird, J., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Bals, A., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Bankar, D., Bankar, R. S., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. 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D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Byer, R. L., Cabero, M., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, J., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Caride, S., Carney, M. F., Carullo, G., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castañeda, J., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, O., Chakravarti, K., Chan, C., Chan, M., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, D., Chaturvedi, M., Chen, H. Y., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Cheng, H. -P., Cheong, C. K., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, G., Cho, H. S., Cho, M., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S., Chung, K. W., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Cirone, A., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Collins, C., Colpi, M., Constancio, M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S. B., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Couvares, P., Covas, P. B., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Cripe, J., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. -R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Curylo, M., Canton, T. Dal, Dálya, G., Dana, A., Daneshgaran-Bajastani, L. M., D’Angelo, B., Danilishin, S. L., D’Antonio, S., Danzmann, K., Darsow-Fromm, C., Dasgupta, A., Datrier, L. E. H., Dattilo, V., Dave, I., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Davis, D., Daw, E. 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J., Karki, S., Kashyap, R., Kasprzack, M., Kastaun, W., Katsanevas, S., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, S., Kawabe, K., Kéfélian, F., Keitel, D., Keivani, A., Kennedy, R., Key, J. S., Khadka, S., Khalili, F. Y., Khan, I., Khan, S., Khan, Z. A., Khazanov, E. A., Khetan, N., Khursheed, M., Kijbunchoo, N., Kim, Chunglee, Kim, G. J., Kim, J. C., Kim, K., Kim, W., Kim, W. S., Kim, Y. -M., Kimball, C., King, P. J., Kinley-Hanlon, M., Kirchhoff, R., Kissel, J. S., Kleybolte, L., Klimenko, S., Knowles, T. D., Koch, P., Koehlenbeck, S. M., Koekoek, G., Koley, S., Kondrashov, V., Kontos, A., Koper, N., Korobko, M., Korth, W. Z., Kovalam, M., Kozak, D. B., Kringel, V., Krishnendu, N. V., Królak, A., Krupinski, N., Kuehn, G., Kumar, A., Kumar, P., Kumar, Rahul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, S., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Lackey, B. D., Laghi, D., Lalande, E., Lam, T. L., Lamberts, A., Landry, M., Lane, B. B., Lang, R. N., Lange, J., Lantz, B., Lanza, R. K., La Rosa, I., Lartaux-Vollard, A., Lasky, P. D., Laxen, M., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lecoeuche, Y. K., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. M., Lee, H. W., Lee, J., Lee, K., Lehmann, J., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Li, A. K. Y., Li, J., Li, K., Li, T. G. F., Li, X., Linde, F., Linker, S. D., Linley, J. N., Littenberg, T. B., Liu, J., Liu, X., Llorens-Monteagudo, M., Lo, R. K. L., Lockwood, A., London, L. T., Longo, A., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J. D., Lousto, C. O., Lovelace, G., Lück, H., Lumaca, D., Lundgren, A. P., Ma, Y., Macas, R., Macfoy, S., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Macmillan, I. A. O., Macquet, A., Hernandez, I. Magaña, Magaña-Sandoval, F., Magee, R. M., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malik, A., Man, N., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mansell, G. L., Manske, M., Mantovani, M., Mapelli, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Márka, S., Márka, Z., Markakis, C., Markosyan, A. S., Markowitz, A., Maros, E., Marquina, A., Marsat, S., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinez, V., Martynov, D. V., Masalehdan, H., Mason, K., Massera, E., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Masso-Reid, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matas, A., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., Maynard, E., Mccann, J. J., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mccormick, S., Mcculler, L., Mcguire, S. C., Mcisaac, C., Mciver, J., Mcmanus, D. J., Mcrae, T., Mcwilliams, S. T., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Mehta, A. K., Villa, E. Mejuto, Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Mereni, L., Merfeld, K., Merilh, E. L., Merritt, J. D., Merzougui, M., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Messick, C., Metzdorff, R., Meyers, P. M., Meylahn, F., Mhaske, A., Miani, A., Miao, H., Michaloliakos, I., Michel, C., Middleton, H., Milano, L., Miller, A. L., Millhouse, M., Mills, J. C., Milotti, E., Milovich-Goff, M. C., Minazzoli, O., Minenkov, Y., Mishkin, A., Mishra, C., Mistry, T., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Mo, G., Mogushi, K., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Mohite, S. R., Molina-Ruiz, M., Mondin, M., Montani, M., Moore, C. J., Moraru, D., Morawski, F., Moreno, G., Morisaki, S., Mours, B., Mow-Lowry, C. M., Mozzon, S., Muciaccia, F., Mukherjee, Arunava, Mukherjee, D., Mukherjee, S., Mukherjee, Subroto, Mukund, N., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Muñiz, E. A., Murray, P. G., Nagar, A., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Neil, B. F., Neilson, J., Nelemans, G., Nelson, T. J. N., Nery, M., Neunzert, A., Ng, K. Y., Ng, S., Nguyen, C., Nguyen, P., Nichols, D., Nichols, S. A., Nissanke, S., Nocera, F., Noh, M., North, C., Nothard, D., Nuttall, L. K., Oberling, J., O’Brien, B. D., Oganesyan, G., Ogin, G. H., Oh, J. J., Oh, S. H., Ohme, F., Ohta, H., Okada, M. A., Oliver, M., Olivetto, C., Oppermann, P., Oram, Richard J., O’Reilly, B., Ormiston, R. G., Ortega, L. F., O’Shaughnessy, R., Ossokine, S., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Pace, A. E., Pagano, G., Page, M. A., Pagliaroli, G., Pai, A., Pai, S. A., Palamos, J. R., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pan, H., Panda, P. K., Pang, P. T. H., Pankow, C., Pannarale, F., Pant, B. C., Paoletti, F., Paoli, A., Parida, A., Parker, W., Pascucci, D., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Patricelli, B., Payne, E., Pearlstone, B. L., Pechsiri, T. C., Pedersen, A. J., Pedraza, M., Pele, A., Penn, S., Perego, A., Perez, C. J., Périgois, C., Perreca, A., Perriès, S., Petermann, J., Pfeiffer, H. P., Phelps, M., Phukon, K. S., Piccinni, O. J., Pichot, M., Piendibene, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pillant, G., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Piotrzkowski, K., Pirello, M., Pitkin, M., Plastino, W., Poggiani, R., Pong, D. Y. T., Ponrathnam, S., Popolizio, P., Porter, E. K., Powell, J., Prajapati, A. K., Prasai, K., Prasanna, R., Pratten, G., Prestegard, T., Principe, M., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Pürrer, M., Qi, H., Quetschke, V., Quinonez, P. J., Raab, F. J., Raaijmakers, G., Radkins, H., Radulesco, N., Raffai, P., Rafferty, H., Raja, S., Rajan, C., Rajbhandari, B., Rakhmanov, M., Ramirez, K. E., Ramos-Buades, A., Rana, Javed, Rao, K., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Read, J., Regimbau, T., Rei, L., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rettegno, P., Ricci, F., Richardson, C. J., Richardson, J. W., Ricker, P. M., Riemenschneider, G., Riles, K., Rizzo, M., Robertson, N. A., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rodriguez-Soto, R. D., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Roma, V. J., Romanelli, M., Romano, R., Romel, C. L., Romero-Shaw, I. M., Romie, J. H., Rose, C. A., Rose, D., Rose, K., Rosińska, D., Rosofsky, S. G., Ross, M. P., Rowan, S., Rowlinson, S. J., Roy, P. K., Roy, Santosh, Roy, Soumen, Ruggi, P., Rutins, G., Ryan, K., Sachdev, S., Sadecki, T., Sakellariadou, M., Salafia, O. S., Salconi, L., Saleem, M., Samajdar, A., Sanchez, E. J., Sanchez, L. E., Sanchis-Gual, N., Sanders, J. R., Santiago, K. A., Santos, E., Sarin, N., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Sauter, O., Savage, R. L., Savant, V., Sawant, D., Sayah, S., Schaetzl, D., Schale, P., Scheel, M., Scheuer, J., Schmidt, P., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schönbeck, A., Schreiber, E., Schulte, B. W., Schutz, B. F., Schwarm, O., Schwartz, E., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Seidel, E., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sennett, N., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Setyawati, Y., Shaddock, D. A., Shaffer, T., Shahriar, M. S., Sharma, A., Sharma, P., Shawhan, P., Shen, H., Shikauchi, M., Shink, R., Shoemaker, D. H., Shoemaker, D. M., Shukla, K., Shyamsundar, S., Siellez, K., Sieniawska, M., Sigg, D., Singer, L. P., Singh, D., Singh, N., Singha, A., Singhal, A., Sintes, A. M., Sipala, V., Skliris, V., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slaven-Blair, T. J., Smetana, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, R. J. E., Somala, S., Son, E. J., Soni, S., Sorazu, B., Sordini, V., Sorrentino, F., Souradeep, T., Sowell, E., Spencer, A. P., Spera, M., Srivastava, A. K., Srivastava, V., Staats, K., Stachie, C., Standke, M., Steer, D. A., Steinke, M., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Steinmeyer, D., Stocks, D., Stops, D. J., Stover, M., Strain, K. A., Stratta, G., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Sudhagar, S., Sudhir, V., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Tacca, M., Tait, S. C., Talbot, C., Tanasijczuk, A. J., Tanner, D. B., Tao, D., Tápai, M., Tapia, A., Martin, E. N. Tapia San, Tasson, J. D., Taylor, R., Tenorio, R., Terkowski, L., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tinsman, C. L., Saravanan, T. R., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, S., Tiwari, V., Toland, K., Tonelli, M., Tornasi, Z., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Tosta e Melo, I., Töyrä, D., Trail, E. A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Trovato, A., Trudeau, R. J., Tsang, K. W., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tsutsui, T., Turconi, M., Ubhi, A. S., Ueno, K., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Usman, S. A., Utina, A. C., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Valentini, M., Vallisneri, M., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., van den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., Van Heijningen, J. V., van Veggel, A. A., Vardaro, M., Varma, V., Vass, S., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Viets, A. D., Vinciguerra, S., Vine, D. J., Vinet, J. -Y., Vitale, S., Vivanco, Francisco Hernandez, Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, A. R., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Walet, R., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, J. Z., Wang, S., Wang, W. H., Wang, Y. F., Ward, R. L., Warden, Z. A., Warner, J., Was, M., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Wei, L. -W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Westhouse, J. W., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D. M., Williams, D., Williams, R. D., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wong, C., Wright, J. L., Wu, D. S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Yamamoto, H., Yang, L., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Yap, M. J., Yazback, M., Yeeles, D. W., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yuen, S. H. R., Zadrożny, A. K., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Zhao, C., Zhao, G., Zhou, M., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zimmerman, A. B., Zucker, M. E., Zweizig, J., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Abbott, R, Abbott, T, Abraham, S, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adams, C, Adhikari, R, Adya, V, Affeldt, C, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O, Aich, A, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Allen, G, Allocca, A, Altin, P, Amato, A, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Angelova, S, Ansoldi, S, Antier, S, Appert, S, Arai, K, Araya, M, Areeda, J, Arene, M, Arnaud, N, Aronson, S, Arun, K, Ascenzi, S, Ashton, G, Aston, S, Astone, P, Aubin, F, Aufmuth, P, Aultoneal, K, Austin, C, Avendano, V, Babak, S, Bacon, P, Badaracco, F, Bader, M, Bae, S, Baer, A, Baird, J, Baldaccini, F, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, S, Bals, A, Balsamo, A, Baltus, G, Banagiri, S, Bankar, D, Bankar, R, Barayoga, J, Barbieri, C, Barish, B, Barker, D, Barkett, K, Barneo, P, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Bartlett, J, Bartos, I, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Bawaj, M, Bayley, J, Bazzan, M, Becsy, B, Bejger, M, Belahcene, I, Bell, A, Beniwal, D, Benjamin, M, Bentley, J, Bergamin, F, Berger, B, Bergmann, G, Bernuzzi, S, Berry, C, Bersanetti, D, Bertolini, A, Betzwieser, J, Bhandare, R, Bhandari, A, Bidler, J, Biggs, E, Bilenko, I, Billingsley, G, Birney, R, Birnholtz, O, Biscans, S, Bischi, M, Biscoveanu, S, Bisht, A, Bissenbayeva, G, Bitossi, M, Bizouard, M, Blackburn, J, Blackman, J, Blair, C, Blair, D, Blair, R, Bobba, F, Bode, N, Boer, M, Boetzel, Y, Bogaert, G, Bondu, F, Bonilla, E, Bonnand, R, Booker, P, Boom, B, Bork, R, Boschi, V, Bose, S, Bossilkov, V, Bosveld, J, Bouffanais, Y, Bozzi, A, Bradaschia, C, Brady, P, Bramley, A, Branchesi, M, Brau, J, Breschi, M, Briant, T, Briggs, J, Brighenti, F, Brillet, A, Brinkmann, M, Brockill, P, Brooks, A, Brooks, J, Brown, D, Brunett, S, Bruno, G, Bruntz, R, Buikema, A, Bulik, T, Bulten, H, Buonanno, A, Buskulic, D, Byer, R, Cabero, M, Cadonati, L, Cagnoli, G, Cahillane, C, Bustillo, J, Callaghan, J, Callister, T, Calloni, E, Camp, J, Canepa, M, Cannon, K, Cao, H, Cao, J, Carapella, G, Carbognani, F, Caride, S, Carney, M, Carullo, G, Diaz, J, Casentini, C, Castaneda, J, Caudill, S, Cavaglia, M, Cavalier, F, Cavalieri, R, Cella, G, Cerda-Duran, P, Cesarini, E, Chaibi, O, Chakravarti, K, Chan, C, Chan, M, Chao, S, Charlton, P, Chase, E, Chassande-Mottin, E, Chatterjee, D, Chaturvedi, M, Chen, H, Chen, X, Chen, Y, Cheng, H, Cheong, C, Chia, H, Chiadini, F, Chierici, R, Chincarini, A, Chiummo, A, Cho, G, Cho, H, Cho, M, Christensen, N, Chu, Q, Chua, S, Chung, K, Chung, S, Ciani, G, Ciecielag, P, Cieslar, M, Ciobanu, A, Ciolfi, R, Cipriano, F, Cirone, A, Clara, F, Clark, J, Clearwater, P, Clesse, S, Cleva, F, Coccia, E, Cohadon, P, Cohen, D, Colleoni, M, Collette, C, Collins, C, Colpi, M, Constancio, M, Conti, L, Cooper, S, Corban, P, Corbitt, T, Cordero-Carrion, I, Corezzi, S, Corley, K, Cornish, N, Corre, D, Corsi, A, Cortese, S, Costa, C, Cotesta, R, Coughlin, M, Coughlin, S, Coulon, J, Countryman, S, Couvares, P, Covas, P, Coward, D, Cowart, M, Coyne, D, Coyne, R, Creighton, J, Creighton, T, Cripe, J, Croquette, M, Crowder, S, Cudell, J, Cullen, T, Cumming, A, Cummings, R, Cunningham, L, Cuoco, E, Curylo, M, Canton, T, Dalya, G, Dana, A, Daneshgaran-Bajastani, L, D'Angelo, B, Danilishin, S, D'Antonio, S, Danzmann, K, Darsow-Fromm, C, Dasgupta, A, Datrier, L, Dattilo, V, Dave, I, Davier, M, Davies, G, Davis, D, Daw, E, Debra, D, Deenadayalan, M, Degallaix, J, De Laurentis, M, Deleglise, S, Delfavero, M, De Lillo, N, Del Pozzo, W, Demarchi, L, D'Emilio, V, Demos, N, Dent, T, De Pietri, R, De Rosa, R, De Rossi, C, Desalvo, R, de Varona, O, Dhurandhar, S, Diaz, M, Diaz-Ortiz, M, Dietrich, T, Di Fiore, L, Di Fronzo, C, Di Giorgio, C, Di Giovanni, F, Di Giovanni, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Lieto, A, Ding, B, Di Pace, S, Di Palma, I, Di Renzo, F, Divakarla, A, Dmitriev, A, Doctor, Z, Donovan, F, Dooley, K, Doravari, S, Dorrington, I, Downes, T, Drago, M, Driggers, J, Du, Z, Ducoin, J, Dupej, P, Durante, O, D'Urso, D, Dwyer, S, Easter, P, Eddolls, G, Edelman, B, Edo, T, Edy, O, Effler, A, Ehrens, P, Eichholz, J, Eikenberry, S, Eisenmann, M, Eisenstein, R, Ejlli, A, Errico, L, Essick, R, Estelles, H, Estevez, D, Etienne, Z, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, T, Ewing, B, Fafone, V, Fairhurst, S, Fan, X, Farinon, S, Farr, B, Farr, W, Fauchon-Jones, E, Favata, M, Fays, M, Fazio, M, Feicht, J, Fejer, M, Feng, F, Fenyvesi, E, Ferguson, D, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Ferrante, I, Ferreira, E, Ferreira, T, Fidecaro, F, Fiori, I, Fiorucci, D, Fishbach, M, Fisher, R, Fittipaldi, R, Fitz-Axen, M, Fiumara, V, Flaminio, R, Floden, E, Flynn, E, Fong, H, Font, J, Forsyth, P, Fournier, J, Frasca, S, Frasconi, F, Frei, Z, Freise, A, Frey, R, Frey, V, Fritschel, P, Frolov, V, Fronze, G, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Gabbard, H, Gadre, B, Gaebel, S, Gair, J, Galaudage, S, Ganapathy, D, Gaonkar, S, Garcia-Quiros, C, Garufi, F, Gateley, B, Gaudio, S, Gayathri, V, Gemme, G, Genin, E, Gennai, A, George, D, George, J, Gergely, L, Ghonge, S, Ghosh, A, Ghosh, S, Giacomazzo, B, Giaime, J, Giardina, K, Gibson, D, Gier, C, Gill, K, Glanzer, J, Gniesmer, J, Godwin, P, Goetz, E, Goetz, R, Gohlke, N, Goncharov, B, Gonzalez, G, Gopakumar, A, Gossan, S, Gosselin, M, Gouaty, R, Grace, B, Grado, A, Granata, M, Grant, A, Gras, S, Grassia, P, Gray, C, Gray, R, Greco, G, Green, A, Green, R, Gretarsson, E, Griggs, H, Grignani, G, Grimaldi, A, Grimm, S, Grote, H, Grunewald, S, Gruning, P, Guidi, G, Guimaraes, A, Guixe, G, Gulati, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, A, Gupta, P, Gustafson, E, Gustafson, R, Haegel, L, Halim, O, Hall, E, Hamilton, E, Hammond, G, Haney, M, Hanke, M, Hanks, J, Hanna, C, Hannam, M, Hannuksela, O, Hansen, T, Hanson, J, Harder, T, Hardwick, T, Haris, K, Harms, J, Harry, G, Harry, I, Hasskew, R, Haster, C, Haughian, K, Hayes, F, Healy, J, Heidmann, A, Heintze, M, Heinze, J, Heitmann, H, Hellman, F, Hello, P, Hemming, G, Hendry, M, Heng, I, Hennes, E, Hennig, J, Heurs, M, Hild, S, Hinderer, T, Hoback, S, Hochheim, S, Hofgard, E, Hofman, D, Holgado, A, Holland, N, Holt, K, Holz, D, Hopkins, P, Horst, C, Hough, J, Howell, E, Hoy, C, Huang, Y, Hubner, M, Huerta, E, Huet, D, Hughey, B, Hui, V, Husa, S, Huttner, S, Huxford, R, Huynh-Dinh, T, Idzkowski, B, Iess, A, Inchauspe, H, Ingram, C, Intini, G, Isac, J, Isi, M, Iyer, B, Jacqmin, T, Jadhav, S, James, A, Jani, K, Janthalur, N, Jaranowski, P, Jariwala, D, Jaume, R, Jenkins, A, Jiang, J, Johns, G, Jones, A, Jones, D, Jones, J, Jones, P, Jones, R, Jonker, R, Ju, L, Junker, J, Kalaghatgi, C, Kalogera, V, Kamai, B, Kandhasamy, S, Kang, G, Kanner, J, Kapadia, S, Karki, S, Kashyap, R, Kasprzack, M, Kastaun, W, Katsanevas, S, Katsavounidis, E, Katzman, W, Kaufer, S, Kawabe, K, Kefelian, F, Keitel, D, Keivani, A, Kennedy, R, Key, J, Khadka, S, Khalili, F, Khan, I, Khan, S, Khan, Z, Khazanov, E, Khetan, N, Khursheed, M, Kijbunchoo, N, Kim, C, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, W, Kim, Y, Kimball, C, King, P, Kinley-Hanlon, M, Kirchhoff, R, Kissel, J, Kleybolte, L, Klimenko, S, Knowles, T, Koch, P, Koehlenbeck, S, Koekoek, G, Koley, S, Kondrashov, V, Kontos, A, Koper, N, Korobko, M, Korth, W, Kovalam, M, Kozak, D, Kringel, V, Krishnendu, N, Krolak, A, Krupinski, N, Kuehn, G, Kumar, A, Kumar, P, Kumar, R, Kumar, S, Kuo, L, Kutynia, A, Lackey, B, Laghi, D, Lalande, E, Lam, T, Lamberts, A, Landry, M, Lane, B, Lang, R, Lange, J, Lantz, B, Lanza, R, La Rosa, I, Lartaux-Vollard, A, Lasky, P, Laxen, M, Lazzarini, A, Lazzaro, C, Leaci, P, Leavey, S, Lecoeuche, Y, Lee, C, Lee, H, Lee, J, Lee, K, Lehmann, J, Leroy, N, Letendre, N, Levin, Y, Li, A, Li, J, Li, K, Li, T, Li, X, Linde, F, Linker, S, Linley, J, Littenberg, T, Liu, J, Liu, X, Llorens-Monteagudo, M, Lo, R, Lockwood, A, London, L, Longo, A, Lorenzini, M, Loriette, V, Lormand, M, Losurdo, G, Lough, J, Lousto, C, Lovelace, G, Luck, H, Lumaca, D, Lundgren, A, Ma, Y, Macas, R, Macfoy, S, Macinnis, M, Macleod, D, Macmillan, I, Macquet, A, Hernandez, I, Magana-Sandoval, F, Magee, R, Majorana, E, Maksimovic, I, Malik, A, Man, N, Mandic, V, Mangano, V, Mansell, G, Manske, M, Mantovani, M, Mapelli, M, Marchesoni, F, Marion, F, Marka, S, Marka, Z, Markakis, C, Markosyan, A, Markowitz, A, Maros, E, Marquina, A, Marsat, S, Martelli, F, Martin, I, Martin, R, Martinez, V, Martynov, D, Masalehdan, H, Mason, K, Massera, E, Masserot, A, Massinger, T, Masso-Reid, M, Mastrogiovanni, S, Matas, A, Matichard, F, Mavalvala, N, Maynard, E, Mccann, J, Mccarthy, R, Mcclelland, D, Mccormick, S, Mcculler, L, Mcguire, S, Mcisaac, C, Mciver, J, Mcmanus, D, Mcrae, T, Mcwilliams, S, Meacher, D, Meadors, G, Mehmet, M, Mehta, A, Villa, E, Melatos, A, Mendell, G, Mercer, R, Mereni, L, Merfeld, K, Merilh, E, Merritt, J, Merzougui, M, Meshkov, S, Messenger, C, Messick, C, Metzdorff, R, Meyers, P, Meylahn, F, Mhaske, A, Miani, A, Miao, H, Michaloliakos, I, Michel, C, Middleton, H, Milano, L, Miller, A, Millhouse, M, Mills, J, Milotti, E, Milovich-Goff, M, Minazzoli, O, Minenkov, Y, Mishkin, A, Mishra, C, Mistry, T, Mitra, S, Mitrofanov, V, Mitselmakher, G, Mittleman, R, Mo, G, Mogushi, K, Mohapatra, S, Mohite, S, Molina-Ruiz, M, Mondin, M, Montani, M, Moore, C, Moraru, D, Morawski, F, Moreno, G, Morisaki, S, Mours, B, Mow-Lowry, C, Mozzon, S, Muciaccia, F, Mukherjee, A, Mukherjee, D, Mukherjee, S, Mukund, N, Mullavey, A, Munch, J, Muniz, E, Murray, P, Nagar, A, Nardecchia, I, Naticchioni, L, Nayak, R, Neil, B, Neilson, J, Nelemans, G, Nelson, T, Nery, M, Neunzert, A, Ng, K, Ng, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, P, Nichols, D, Nichols, S, Nissanke, S, Nocera, F, Noh, M, North, C, Nothard, D, Nuttall, L, Oberling, J, O'Brien, B, Oganesyan, G, Ogin, G, Oh, J, Oh, S, Ohme, F, Ohta, H, Okada, M, Oliver, M, Olivetto, C, Oppermann, P, Oram, R, O'Reilly, B, Ormiston, R, Ortega, L, O'Shaughnessy, R, Ossokine, S, Osthelder, C, Ottaway, D, Overmier, H, Owen, B, Pace, A, Pagano, G, Page, M, Pagliaroli, G, Pai, A, Pai, S, Palamos, J, Palashov, O, Palomba, C, Pan, H, Panda, P, Pang, P, Pankow, C, Pannarale, F, Pant, B, Paoletti, F, Paoli, A, Parida, A, Parker, W, Pascucci, D, Pasqualetti, A, Passaquieti, R, Passuello, D, Patricelli, B, Payne, E, Pearlstone, B, Pechsiri, T, Pedersen, A, Pedraza, M, Pele, A, Penn, S, Perego, A, Perez, C, Perigois, C, Perreca, A, Perries, S, Petermann, J, Pfeiffer, H, Phelps, M, Phukon, K, Piccinni, O, Pichot, M, Piendibene, M, Piergiovanni, F, Pierro, V, Pillant, G, Pinard, L, Pinto, I, Piotrzkowski, K, Pirello, M, Pitkin, M, Plastino, W, Poggiani, R, Pong, D, Ponrathnam, S, Popolizio, P, Porter, E, Powell, J, Prajapati, A, Prasai, K, Prasanna, R, Pratten, G, Prestegard, T, Principe, M, Prodi, G, Prokhorov, L, Punturo, M, Puppo, P, Purrer, M, Qi, H, Quetschke, V, Quinonez, P, Raab, F, Raaijmakers, G, Radkins, H, Radulesco, N, Raffai, P, Rafferty, H, Raja, S, Rajan, C, Rajbhandari, B, Rakhmanov, M, Ramirez, K, Ramos-Buades, A, Rana, J, Rao, K, Rapagnani, P, Raymond, V, Razzano, M, Read, J, Regimbau, T, Rei, L, Reid, S, Reitze, D, Rettegno, P, Ricci, F, Richardson, C, Richardson, J, Ricker, P, Riemenschneider, G, Riles, K, Rizzo, M, Robertson, N, Robinet, F, Rocchi, A, Rodriguez-Soto, R, Rolland, L, Rollins, J, Roma, V, Romanelli, M, Romano, R, Romel, C, Romero-Shaw, I, Romie, J, Rose, C, Rose, D, Rose, K, Rosinska, D, Rosofsky, S, Ross, M, Rowan, S, Rowlinson, S, Roy, P, Roy, S, Ruggi, P, Rutins, G, Ryan, K, Sachdev, S, Sadecki, T, Sakellariadou, M, Salafia, O, Salconi, L, Saleem, M, Samajdar, A, Sanchez, E, Sanchez, L, Sanchis-Gual, N, Sanders, J, Santiago, K, Santos, E, Sarin, N, Sassolas, B, Sathyaprakash, B, Sauter, O, Savage, R, Savant, V, Sawant, D, Sayah, S, Schaetzl, D, Schale, P, Scheel, M, Scheuer, J, Schmidt, P, Schnabel, R, Schofield, R, Schonbeck, A, Schreiber, E, Schulte, B, Schutz, B, Schwarm, O, Schwartz, E, Scott, J, Scott, S, Seidel, E, Sellers, D, Sengupta, A, Sennett, N, Sentenac, D, Sequino, V, Sergeev, A, Setyawati, Y, Shaddock, D, Shaffer, T, Shahriar, M, Sharma, A, Sharma, P, Shawhan, P, Shen, H, Shikauchi, M, Shink, R, Shoemaker, D, Shukla, K, Shyamsundar, S, Siellez, K, Sieniawska, M, Sigg, D, Singer, L, Singh, D, Singh, N, Singha, A, Singhal, A, Sintes, A, Sipala, V, Skliris, V, Slagmolen, B, Slaven-Blair, T, Smetana, J, Smith, J, Smith, R, Somala, S, Son, E, Soni, S, Sorazu, B, Sordini, V, Sorrentino, F, Souradeep, T, Sowell, E, Spencer, A, Spera, M, Srivastava, A, Srivastava, V, Staats, K, Stachie, C, Standke, M, Steer, D, Steinke, M, Steinlechner, J, Steinlechner, S, Steinmeyer, D, Stocks, D, Stops, D, Stover, M, Strain, K, Stratta, G, Strunk, A, Sturani, R, Stuver, A, Sudhagar, S, Sudhir, V, Summerscales, T, Sun, L, Sunil, S, Sur, A, Suresh, J, Sutton, P, Swinkels, B, Szczepanczyk, M, Tacca, M, Tait, S, Talbot, C, Tanasijczuk, A, Tanner, D, Tao, D, Tapai, M, Tapia, A, Martin, E, Tasson, J, Taylor, R, Tenorio, R, Terkowski, L, Thirugnanasambandam, M, Thomas, M, Thomas, P, Thompson, J, Thondapu, S, Thorne, K, Thrane, E, Tinsman, C, Saravanan, T, Tiwari, S, Tiwari, V, Toland, K, Tonelli, M, Tornasi, Z, Torres-Forne, A, Torrie, C, Tosta e Melo, I, Toyra, D, Trail, E, Travasso, F, Traylor, G, Tringali, M, Tripathee, A, Trovato, A, Trudeau, R, Tsang, K, Tse, M, Tso, R, Tsukada, L, Tsuna, D, Tsutsui, T, Turconi, M, Ubhi, A, Ueno, K, Ugolini, D, Unnikrishnan, C, Urban, A, Usman, S, Utina, A, Vahlbruch, H, Vajente, G, Valdes, G, Valentini, M, Vallisneri, M, van Bakel, N, van Beuzekom, M, van den Brand, J, Van Den Broeck, C, Vander-Hyde, D, van der Schaaf, L, Van Heijningen, J, van Veggel, A, Vardaro, M, Varma, V, Vass, S, Vasuth, M, Vecchio, A, Vedovato, G, Veitch, J, Veitch, P, Venkateswara, K, Venugopalan, G, Verkindt, D, Veske, D, Vetrano, F, Vicere, A, Viets, A, Vinciguerra, S, Vine, D, Vinet, J, Vitale, S, Vivanco, F, Vo, T, Vocca, H, Vorvick, C, Vyatchanin, S, Wade, A, Wade, L, Wade, M, Walet, R, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Wallace, L, Walsh, S, Wang, J, Wang, S, Wang, W, Wang, Y, Ward, R, Warden, Z, Warner, J, Was, M, Watchi, J, Weaver, B, Wei, L, Weinert, M, Weinstein, A, Weiss, R, Wellmann, F, Wen, L, Wessels, P, Westhouse, J, Wette, K, Whelan, J, Whiting, B, Whittle, C, Wilken, D, Williams, D, Williams, R, Williamson, A, Willis, J, Willke, B, Winkler, W, Wipf, C, Wittel, H, Woan, G, Woehler, J, Wofford, J, Wong, C, Wright, J, Wu, D, Wysocki, D, Xiao, L, Yamamoto, H, Yang, L, Yang, Y, Yang, Z, Yap, M, Yazback, M, Yeeles, D, Yu, H, Yuen, S, Zadrozny, A, Zanolin, M, Zelenova, T, Zendri, J, Zevin, M, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, T, Zhao, C, Zhao, G, Zhou, M, Zhou, Z, Zhu, X, Zimmerman, A, Zucker, M, Zweizig, J, IoP (FNWI), Faculty of Science, Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, Other Research IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, Arene, M., Becsy, B., Bustillo, J. C., Diaz, J. C., Castaneda, J., Cavaglia, M., Cerda-Duran, P., Cieslar, M., Cordero-Carrion, I., Canton, T. D., Dalya, G., D'Angelo, B., D'Antonio, S., Deleglise, S., D'Emilio, V., Diaz, M. C., D'Urso, D., Fronze, G., Garcia-Quiros, C., Ghosh, A., Gonzalez, G., Guixe, G., Hubner, M. T., Isac, J. -M., Kefelian, F., Kim, C., Krolak, A., Kumar, R., Luck, H., Hernandez, I. M., Magana-Sandoval, F., Marka, S., Marka, Z., Villa, E. M., Mukherjee, A., Muniz, E. A., O'Brien, B. D., Oram, R. J., O'Reilly, B., O'Shaughnessy, R., Perigois, C., Perries, S., Pinto, I., Purrer, M., Rana, J., Rosinska, D., Roy, S., Schonbeck, A., Szczepanczyk, M. J., Tapai, M., Martin, E. N. T. S., Torres-Forne, A., Toyra, D., Vasuth, M., Vicere, A., Vivanco, F. H., Wessels, P., Yu, H., Zadrozny, A. K., and Zadrozny, A.
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Technology ,Gravitational Waves, Open Data, O1, O2, LIGO, Virgo ,Astronomy ,Strain measurement ,Gravitational Wave ,open data ,Data representation and management ,Gravitational Waves ,GWOSC ,Scientific databases ,gravitational waves ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Software ,Documentation ,DESIGN ,Open Data ,Computer software ,Data products ,LIGO ,QC ,12-AXIS VIBRATION ISOLATION ,media_common ,Settore FIS/01 ,0303 health sciences ,Gravitational effects ,BINARY MERGERS ,Computer Science Applications ,Open data ,[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc] ,Open science ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,data analysis method ,gr-qc ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Real-time computing ,FOS: Physical sciences ,O2 ,PUBLIC ADVANCED LIGO ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Gravity waves ,programming ,O1 ,03 medical and health sciences ,QA76.75-76.765 ,Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik ,SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals ,GWOSC, Scientific databases, Data representation and management, Gravitational Waves ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,010306 general physics ,GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE CATALOG ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,STFC ,Astrophysique ,030304 developmental biology ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Gravitational wave ,Virgo ,gravitational radiation ,RCUK ,Strain data ,Data-quality information ,Computer Science, Software Engineering ,gravitational radiation detector ,detector: sensitivity ,Scientific database ,monitoring ,VIRGO ,Sky ,gravitational radiation: emission ,Computer Science ,ddc:004 ,business ,astro-ph.IM - Abstract
Abbot, Rich, et al. (Virgo and MAGIC Collaboration), Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are gravitational-wave strain time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software., The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d’Innovació, Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d’Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana, the National Science Centre of Poland, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources.
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- 2021
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7. Assessing the Readiness of Numerical Relativity for LISA and 3G Detectors
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D. L. Ferguson, Deirdre Shoemaker, Pablo Laguna, and Karan Jani
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Detector ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Binary number ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Function (mathematics) ,01 natural sciences ,Signal ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,0103 physical sciences ,Code (cryptography) ,Waveform ,010306 general physics ,Algorithm - Abstract
Future detectors such as LISA promise signal-to-noise ratios potentially in the thousands and data containing simultaneous signals. Accurate numerical relativity waveforms will be essential to maximize the science return. A question of interest to the broad gravitational wave community is: Are the numerical relativity codes ready to face this challenge? Towards answering this question, we provide a new criteria to identify the minimum resolution a simulation must have as a function of signal-to-noise ratio in order for the numerical relativity waveform to be indistinguishable from a true signal. This criteria can be applied to any finite-differencing numerical relativity code with multiple simulations of differing resolutions for the desired binary parameters and waveform length. We apply this criteria to binary systems of interest with the fourth-order MAYA code to obtain the first estimate of the minimum resolution a simulation must have to be prepared for next generation detectors., 7 pages, 5 figures
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- 2020
8. Inside the Final Black Hole: Puncture and Trapped Surface Dynamics
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D. L. Ferguson, B. Khamesra, Christopher Evans, Deirdre Shoemaker, and Pablo Laguna
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Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Spacetime ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Gauge (firearms) ,Parameter space ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,Classical mechanics ,Apparent horizon ,0103 physical sciences ,Trapped surface ,010306 general physics - Abstract
A popular approach in numerical simulations of black hole binaries is to model black holes as punctures in the fabric of spacetime. The location and the properties of the black hole punctures are tracked with apparent horizons, namely outermost marginally outer trapped surfaces (MOTSs). As the holes approach each other, a common apparent horizon suddenly appears, engulfing the two black holes and signaling the merger. The evolution of common apparent horizons and their connection with gravitational wave emission have been studied in detail with the framework of dynamical horizons. We present a study of the dynamics of the MOTSs and their punctures in the interior of the final black hole. The study focuses on head-on mergers for various initial separations and mass ratios. We find that MOTSs intersect for most of the parameter space. We show that for those situations in which they do not, it is because of the singularity avoidance property of the moving puncture gauge condition used in the study. Although we are unable to carry out evolutions that last long enough to show the ultimate fate of the punctures, our results suggest that MOTSs always intersect and that at late times their overlap is only partial. As a consequence, the punctures inside the MOTSs, although close enough to each other to act effectively as a single puncture, do not merge., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
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- 2020
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9. Coping with spurious radiation in binary black hole simulations
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Pablo Laguna, Deirdre Shoemaker, B. Khamesra, James McInerney, Kenny Higginbotham, and Karan Jani
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Binary number ,Radiation ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,Computational physics ,Black hole ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Spurious relationship ,Spin-½ - Abstract
Spurious radiation in the initial data for binary black hole numerical simulations has been an issue of concern. The radiation affects the masses and spins of the black holes, modifying their orbital dynamics and thus potentially compromising the accuracy of templates used in gravitational wave analysis. Our study finds that spurious radiation effects are localized to the vicinity of the black holes. Using insights from single black hole simulations, we obtain fitting formulas to estimate the changes from spurious radiation on the mass and spin magnitude of the black holes in binary systems. We demonstrate how these fitting formulas could be used to adjust the initial masses and spin magnitudes of the black holes, so the resulting binary has the desired parameters after the spurious radiation has left the computational domain. A comparison of waveforms from raw simulations with those from simulations that have been adjusted for spurious radiation demonstrate that spurious radiation could have an appreciable effect on the templates for LIGO sources with SNRs above 30.
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- 2019
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10. Detectability of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Multiband Gravitational Wave Astronomy
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Curt Cutler, Karan Jani, and Deirdre Shoemaker
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Gravitational-wave observatory ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Population ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Gravitational-wave astronomy ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Gravitation ,0103 physical sciences ,education ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,education.field_of_study ,Gravitational wave ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Redshift ,LIGO ,Black hole ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The direct measurement of gravitational waves is a powerful tool for surveying the population of black holes across the universe. The first gravitational wave catalog from LIGO has detected black holes as heavy as $\sim50~M_\odot$, colliding when our Universe was about half its current age. However, there is yet no unambiguous evidence of black holes in the intermediate-mass range of $10^{2-5}~M_\odot$. Recent electromagnetic observations have hinted at the existence of IMBHs in the local universe; however, their masses are poorly constrained. The likely formation mechanisms of IMBHs are also not understood. Here we make the case that multiband gravitational wave astronomy --specifically, joint observations by space- and ground-based gravitational wave detectors-- will be able to survey a broad population of IMBHs at cosmological distances. By utilizing general relativistic simulations of merging black holes and state-of-the-art gravitational waveform models, we classify three distinct population of binaries with IMBHs in the multiband era and discuss what can be observed about each. Our studies show that multiband observations involving the upgraded LIGO detector and the proposed space-mission LISA would detect the inspiral, merger and ringdown of IMBH binaries out to redshift ~2. Assuming that next-generation detectors, Einstein Telescope, and Cosmic Explorer, are operational during LISA's mission lifetime, we should have multiband detections of IMBH binaries out to redshift ~5. To facilitate studies on multiband IMBH sources, here we investigate the multiband detectability of IMBH binaries. We provide analytic relations for the maximum redshift of multiband detectability, as a function of black hole mass, for various detector combinations. Our study paves the way for future work on what can be learned from IMBH observations in the era of multiband gravitational wave astronomy.
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- 2019
11. Measuring Spin of the Remnant Black Hole from Maximum Amplitude
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Deirdre Shoemaker, D. L. Ferguson, Pablo Laguna, James A. Clark, S. Ghonge, and Juan Calderón Bustillo
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Physics ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Radiation ,01 natural sciences ,Instantaneous phase ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Amplitude ,Quantum electrodynamics ,0103 physical sciences ,Chirp ,010306 general physics ,Maximum amplitude ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Spin-½ - Abstract
Gravitational waves emitted during the merger of two black holes carry information about the remnant black hole, namely its mass and spin. This information is typically found from the ringdown radiation as the black hole settles to a final state. We find that the remnant black hole spin is already known at the peak amplitude of the gravitational wave strain. Using this knowledge, we present a new method for measuring the final spin that is template independent, using only the chirp mass, the instantaneous frequency of the strain, and its derivative at maximum amplitude, all template independent.
- Published
- 2019
12. On the properties of the massive binary black hole merger GW170729
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Vivien Raymond, Bela Szilagyi, Andrea Taracchini, Gregorio Carullo, Mark Hannam, Juan Calderón Bustillo, Daniel A. Hemberger, Alejandro Bohé, R. Cotesta, Alyssa Garcia, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Lawrence E. Kidder, Manuela Campanelli, Michael Pürrer, Patricia Schmidt, Kevin Barkett, Alessandra Buonanno, Michael Boyle, Sebastian Khan, Pablo Laguna, Geoffrey Lovelace, Margaret Millhouse, Lionel London, Salvatore Vitale, Nousha Afshari, Carl-Johan Haster, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Katerina Chatziioannou, H. Fong, Yosef Zlochower, I. W. Harry, Ian Hinder, Prayush Kumar, Francesco Pannarale, Lijing Shao, Eric B. Flynn, James S. Clark, Deirdre Shoemaker, Matthew Giesler, M. Haney, Carlos O. Lousto, Frank Ohme, Stanislav Babak, S. Ghonge, Saul A. Teukolsky, Mark A. Scheel, Tony Chu, Bhavesh Khamersa, Ken K. Y. Ng, L. K. Nuttall, Tyson Littenberg, James Healy, J. S. Lange, Jonathan Blackman, Karan Jani, S. Ossokine, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
- Subjects
gr-qc ,ST/L000962/1 ,FOS: Physical sciences ,alternative theories of gravity ,Astophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,spin ,gravitational radiation: direct detection ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Gravitational waves ,Binary black hole ,Consistency (statistics) ,0103 physical sciences ,Prior probability ,black hole ,Waveform ,ST/N000633/1 ,010306 general physics ,10. No inequality ,STFC ,Spin-½ ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,astro-ph.HE ,spin: precession ,black holes ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,gravitational radiation ,RCUK ,Mass ratio ,binary: compact ,effect: higher-order ,Computational physics ,Black hole ,General relativity ,black hole: binary ,gravitational radiation: emission ,[PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc] ,mass ratio ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] - Abstract
We present a detailed investigation into the properties of GW170729, the gravitational wave with the most massive and distant source confirmed to date. We employ an extensive set of waveform models, including new improved models that incorporate the effect of higher-order waveform modes which are particularly important for massive systems. We find no indication of spin-precession, but the inclusion of higher-order modes in the models results in an improved estimate for the mass ratio of $(0.3-0.8)$ at the 90\% credible level. Our updated measurement excludes equal masses at that level. We also find that models with higher-order modes lead to the data being more consistent with a smaller effective spin, with the probability that the effective spin is greater than zero being reduced from $99\%$ to $94\%$. The 90\% credible interval for the effective spin parameter is now $(-0.01-0.50)$. Additionally, the recovered signal-to-noise ratio increases by $\sim0.3$ units compared to analyses without higher-order modes. We study the effect of common spin priors on the derived spin and mass measurements, and observe small shifts in the spins, while the masses remain unaffected. We argue that our conclusions are robust against systematic errors in the waveform models. We also compare the above waveform-based analysis which employs compact-binary waveform models to a more flexible wavelet- and chirplet-based analysis. We find consistency between the two, with overlaps of $\sim 0.9$, typical of what is expected from simulations of signals similar to GW170729, confirming that the data are well-described by the existing waveform models. Finally, we study the possibility that the primary component of GW170729 was the remnant of a past merger of two black holes and find this scenario to be indistinguishable from the standard formation scenario., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, final published version, samples available at https://git.ligo.org/katerina.chatziioannou/gw170729hm_datarelease
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- 2019
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13. Inferring Parameters of GW170502: The Loudest Intermediate-mass Black Hole Trigger in LIGO’s O1/O2 data
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Laura Cadonati, Richard O'Shaughnessy, R. P. Udall, Kelly Holley-Bockelmann, J. S. Lange, Karan Jani, Deirdre Shoemaker, and James A. Clark
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Binary number ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Redshift ,LIGO ,Black hole ,Binary black hole ,Space and Planetary Science ,Intermediate-mass black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Spin-½ - Abstract
Gravitational wave (GW) measurements provide the most robust constraints of the mass of astrophysical black holes. Using state-of-the-art GW signal models and a unique parameter estimation technique, we infer the source parameters of the loudest marginal trigger, GW170502, found by LIGO from 2015 to 2017. If this trigger is assumed to be a binary black hole merger, we find it corresponds to a total mass in the source frame of $157^{+55}_{-41}~\rm{M}_\odot$ at redshift $z=1.37^{+0.93}_{-0.64}$. The primary and secondary black hole masses are constrained to $94^{+44}_{-28}~\rm{M}_{\odot}$ and $62^{+30}_{-25}~\rm{M}_{\odot}$ respectively, with 90\% confidence. Across all signal models, we find $\gtrsim 70\%$ probability for the effective spin parameter $��_\mathrm{eff}>0.1$. Furthermore, we find that the inclusion of higher-order modes in the analysis narrows the confidence region for the primary black hole mass by 10\%, however, the evidence for these modes in the data remains negligible. The techniques outlined in this study could lead to robust inference of the physical parameters for all intermediate-mass black hole binary candidates $(\gtrsim100~\mathrm{M}_\odot)$ in the current GW network., 6 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables; Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
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- 2020
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14. Tracking black hole kicks from gravitational wave observations
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Juan Calderón Bustillo, Deirdre Shoemaker, Pablo Laguna, and James A. Clark
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Mass ratio ,Characteristic velocity ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Gravitation ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Coalescing binary black holes emit anisotropic gravitational radiation. This causes a net emission of linear momentum that produces a gradual acceleration of the source. As a result, the final remnant black hole acquires a characteristic velocity known as recoil velocity or gravitational kick. The symmetries of gravitational wave emission are reflected in the interactions of the gravitational wave modes emitted by the binary. In this work we make use of the rich information encoded in the higher-order modes of the gravitational wave emission to infer the component of the kick along the line-of-sight (or \textit{radial kick}). We do this by performing parameter inference on simulated signals given by numerical relativity waveforms for non-spinning binaries using numerical relativity templates of aligned-spin (non-precessing) binary black holes. We find that for suitable sources, namely those with mass ratio $q\geq 2$ and total mass $M \sim 100M_\odot$, and for modest radial kicks of $120km/s$, the $90\%$ credible intervals of our posterior probability distributions can exclude a zero kick at a signal-to-noise ratio of $15$; using a single Advanced LIGO detector working at its early sensitivity. The measurement of a non-zero radial kick component would provide the first observational signature of net transport of linear momentum by gravitational waves away from their source., 6 pages, 5 figures
- Published
- 2018
15. Parameter estimation method that directly compares gravitational wave observations to numerical relativity
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P. Kumar, John A. Clark, N. Demos, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Lawrence E. Kidder, Mark A. Scheel, H. Fong, Deirdre Shoemaker, Yosef Zlochower, J. Calderón Bustillo, Manuela Campanelli, Carlos O. Lousto, Geoffrey Lovelace, B. Khamesra, Pablo Laguna, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Béla Szilágyi, Michael Boyle, Daniel A. Hemberger, Ian Hinder, J. S. Lange, Saul A. Teukolsky, T. K. Chu, James Healy, Karan Jani, and S. Ossokine
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Estimation theory ,Numerical analysis ,Statistical parameter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Binary number ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,Theoretical physics ,Theory of relativity ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics - Abstract
We present and assess a Bayesian method to interpret gravitational wave signals from binary black holes. Our method directly compares gravitational wave data to numerical relativity simulations. This procedure bypasses approximations used in semi-analytical models for compact binary coalescence. In this work, we use only the full posterior parameter distribution for generic nonprecessing binaries, drawing inferences away from the set of NR simulations used, via interpolation of a single scalar quantity (the marginalized log-likelihood, $\ln {\cal L}$) evaluated by comparing data to nonprecessing binary black hole simulations. We also compare the data to generic simulations, and discuss the effectiveness of this procedure for generic sources. We specifically assess the impact of higher order modes, repeating our interpretation with both $l\le2$ as well as $l\le3$ harmonic modes. Using the $l\le3$ higher modes, we gain more information from the signal and can better constrain the parameters of the gravitational wave signal. We assess and quantify several sources of systematic error that our procedure could introduce, including simulation resolution and duration; most are negligible. We show through examples that our method can recover the parameters for equal mass, zero spin; GW150914-like; and unequal mass, precessing spin sources. Our study of this new parameter estimation method demonstrates we can quantify and understand the systematic and statistical error. This method allows us to use higher order modes from numerical relativity simulations to better constrain the black hole binary parameters., 30 pages, 22 figures; submitted to PRD
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- 2017
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16. Erratum: Modeling ringdown: Beyond the fundamental quasinormal modes [Phys. Rev. D90, 124032 (2014)]
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Deirdre Shoemaker, James Healy, and Lionel London
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,01 natural sciences - Published
- 2016
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17. Detectability of gravitational waves from binary black holes: Impact of precession and higher modes
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Pablo Laguna, Deirdre Shoemaker, and Juan Calderón Bustillo
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Mass ratio ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,Theory of relativity ,Binary black hole ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,Precession ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Gravitational wave templates used in current searches for binary black holes omit the effects of precession of the orbital plane and higher order modes. While this omission seems not to impact the detection of sources having mass ratios and spins similar to those of GW150914, even for total masses $M > 200M_{\odot}$; we show that it can cause large fractional losses of sensitive volume for binaries with mass ratio $q \geq 4$ and $M>100M_{\odot}$, measured the detector frame. For the highest precessing cases, this is true even when the source is face-on to the detector. Quantitatively, we show that the aforementioned omission can lead to fractional losses of sensitive volume of $\sim15\%$, reaching $>25\%$ for the worst cases studied. Loss estimates are obtained by evaluating the effectualness of the SEOBNRv2-ROM double spin model, currently used in binary black hole searches, towards gravitational wave signals from precessing binaries computed by means of numerical relativity. We conclude that, for sources with $q \geq 4$, a reliable search for binary black holes heavier than $M>100M_\odot$ needs to consider the effects of higher order modes and precession. The latter seems specially necessary when Advanced LIGO reaches its design sensitivity., 10 pages, 4 Figures
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- 2016
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18. RELATIVISTIC MERGERS OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND THEIR ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNATURES
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Roland Haas, Deirdre Shoemaker, Tanja Bode, Pablo Laguna, and Tamara Bogdanovic
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Physics ,Supermassive black hole ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,General relativity ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Observable ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Cosmology ,Accretion (astrophysics) ,Relativistic beaming ,Theory of relativity ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational wave (GW) signatures from coalescence events of supermassive black holes are the next observational grand challenge. Such detections will provide the means to study cosmological evolution and accretion processes associated with these gargantuan compact objects. More generally, the observations will enable testing general relativity in the strong, nonlinear regime and will provide independent cosmological measurements to high precision. Understanding the conditions under which coincidences of EM and GW signatures arise during supermassive black hole mergers is therefore of paramount importance. As an essential step towards this goal, we present results from the first fully general relativistic, hydrodynamical study of the late inspiral and merger of equal-mass, spinning supermassive black hole binaries in a gas cloud. We find that variable EM signatures correlated with GWs can arise in merging systems as a consequence of shocks and accretion combined with the effect of relativistic beaming. The most striking EM variability is observed for systems where spins are aligned with the orbital axis and where orbiting black holes form a stable set of density wakes, but all systems exhibit some characteristic signatures that can be utilized in searches for EM counterparts. In the case of the most massive binaries observable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, calculated luminosities imply that they may be identified by EM searches to z = 1, while lower mass systems and binaries immersed in low density ambient gas can only be detected in the local universe., Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, version accepted for publication
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- 2010
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19. Gravitational Wave Recoil and the Retention of Intermediate‐Mass Black Holes
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Nicolás Yunes, Kayhan Gültekin, Deirdre Shoemaker, and Kelly Holley-Bockelmann
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Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Milky Way ,Population ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Recoil ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,education ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,education.field_of_study ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Black hole ,Space and Planetary Science ,Globular cluster ,Low Mass - Abstract
During the inspiral and merger of a binary black hole, gravitational radiation is emitted anisotropically due to asymmetries in the merger configuration. This anisotropic radiation leads to a gravitational wave kick, or recoil velocity, as large as ~ 4000 km/sec. We investigate the effect gravitational recoil has on the retention of intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) within Galactic globular clusters. Assuming that our current understanding of IMBH-formation is correct and yields an IMBH-seed in every globular cluster, we find a significant problem retaining low mass IMBHs (1000 $\Msun$) in the typical merger-rich globular cluster environment. Given a uniform black hole spin distribution and orientation and a Kroupa IMF, we find that at most 3% of the globular clusters can retain an IMBH larger than 1000 $\Msun$ today. For a population of black holes that better approximates mass loss from winds and supernovae, we find that 16% of globulars can retain an IMBH larger than 1000 $\Msun$. Our calculations show that if there are black holes of mass $M > 60 \Msun$ in a cluster, repeated IMBH-BH encounters will eventually eject a 1000 $\Msun$ IMBH with greater than 30% probability. As a consequence, a large population of rogue black holes may exist in our Milky Way halo. We discuss the dynamical implications of this subpopulation, and its possible connection to ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs)., 8 pages, 6 figures. Pick up high resolution version of figure 1 at http://gravity.psu.edu/~kellyhb/kickfigures. Submitted to Astrophysical Journal
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- 2008
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20. Unequal mass binary black hole plunges and gravitational recoil
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Ian Hinder, Frank Herrmann, Pablo Laguna, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Physics ,Orbital elements ,Angular momentum ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Reduced mass ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,7. Clean energy ,Upper and lower bounds ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Gravitation ,Recoil ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Atomic physics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
We present results from fully nonlinear simulations of unequal mass binary black holes plunging from close separations well inside the innermost stable circular orbit with mass ratios q = M_1/M_2 = {1,0.85,0.78,0.55,0.32}, or equivalently, with reduced mass parameters $\eta=M_1M_2/(M_1+M_2)^2 = {0.25, 0.248, 0.246, 0.229, 0.183}$. For each case, the initial binary orbital parameters are chosen from the Cook-Baumgarte equal-mass ISCO configuration. We show waveforms of the dominant l=2,3 modes and compute estimates of energy and angular momentum radiated. For the plunges from the close separations considered, we measure kick velocities from gravitational radiation recoil in the range 25-82 km/s. Due to the initial close separations our kick velocity estimates should be understood as a lower bound. The close configurations considered are also likely to contain significant eccentricities influencing the recoil velocity., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, to appear in "New Frontiers" special issue of CQG
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- 2007
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21. Observing Gravitational Waves From The Post-Merger Phase Of Binary Neutron Star Coalescence
- Author
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James A. Clark, Andreas Bauswein, Nikolaos Stergioulas, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Coalescence (physics) ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Equation of state ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Compact star ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,LIGO ,Neutron star ,Stars ,Amplitude ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We present an effective, low-dimensionality frequency-domain template for the gravitational wave signal from the stellar remnants from binary neutron star coalescence. A principal component decomposition of a suite of numerical simulations of binary neutron star mergers is used to construct orthogonal basis functions for the amplitude and phase spectra of the waveforms for a variety of neutron star equations of state and binary mass configurations. We review the phenomenology of late merger / post-merger gravitational wave emission in binary neutron star coalescence and demonstrate how an understanding of the dynamics during and after the merger leads to the construction of a universal spectrum. We also provide a discussion of the prospects for detecting the post-merger signal in future gravitational wave detectors as a potential contribution to the science case for third generation instruments. The template derived in our analysis achieves $>90\%$ match across a wide variety of merger waveforms and strain sensitivity spectra for current and potential gravitational wave detectors. A Fisher matrix analysis yields a preliminary estimate of the typical uncertainty in the determination of the dominant post-merger oscillation frequency $f_{\mathrm{peak}}$ as $\delta f_{\mathrm{peak}} \sim 50$Hz. Using recently derived correlations between $f_{\mathrm{peak}}$ and the neutron star radii, this suggests potential constraints on the radius of a fiducial neutron star of $\sim 220$\,m. Such measurements would only be possible for nearby ($\sim 30$Mpc) sources with advanced LIGO but become more feasible for planned upgrades to advanced LIGO and other future instruments, leading to constraints on the high density neutron star equation of state which are independent and complementary to those inferred from the pre-merger inspiral gravitational wave signal.
- Published
- 2015
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22. Modeling ringdown: Beyond the fundamental quasinormal modes
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Deirdre Shoemaker, Lionel London, and James Healy
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,Classical mechanics ,Binary black hole ,Rotating black hole ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,Extremal black hole ,Quasinormal mode ,Spin-flip ,010306 general physics ,Virtual black hole - Abstract
While black hole perturbation theory predicts a rich quasinormal mode structure, technical challenges have limited the numerical study of excitations to the fundamental, lowest order modes caused by the coalescence of black holes. Here, we present a robust method to identify quasinormal mode excitations beyond the fundamentals within currently available numerical relativity waveforms. In applying this method to waveforms of 68 initially nonspinning black hole binaries, of mass ratios $1\ensuremath{\mathbin:}1$ to $15\ensuremath{\mathbin:}1$, we find not only the fundamental quasinormal mode amplitudes, but also overtones, and evidence for second order quasinormal modes. We find that the mass-ratio dependence of quasinormal mode excitation is very well modeled by a post-Newtonian-like sum in symmetric mass ratio. Concurrently, we find that the mass-ratio dependence of some quasinormal mode excitations is qualitatively different from their post-Newtonian inspired counterparts, suggesting that the imprints of nonlinear merger are more evident in some modes than in others. We present new fitting formulas for the related quasinormal mode excitations, as well as for remnant black hole spin and mass. We also discuss the relevance of our results in terms of gravitational wave detection and characterization.
- Published
- 2014
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23. Connecting Numerical Relativity and Data Analysis of Gravitational Wave Detectors
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Deirdre Shoemaker, Karan Jani, Larne Pekowsky, and Lionel London
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Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,General relativity ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Detector ,Astronomy ,Collision ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Gravitational waves deliver information in exquisite detail about astrophysical phenomena, among them the collision of two black holes, a system completely invisible to the eyes of electromagnetic telescopes. Models that predict gravitational wave signals from likely sources are crucial for the success of this endeavor. Modeling binary black hole sources of gravitational radiation requires solving the Eintein equations of General Relativity using powerful computer hardware and sophisticated numerical algorithms. This proceeding presents where we are in understanding ground-based gravitational waves resulting from the merger of black holes and the implications of these sources for the advent of gravitational-wave astronomy.
- Published
- 2014
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24. Investigating Binary Black Hole Mergers with Principal Component Analysis
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Laura Cadonati, N. Mangini, James Healy, Ik Siong Heng, Lionel London, Larne Pekowsky, James S. Clark, Deirdre Shoemaker, and Josh Logue
- Subjects
Coalescence (physics) ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Bayesian inference ,01 natural sciences ,Numerical relativity ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Principal component analysis ,Waveform ,010306 general physics ,Algorithm ,Spinning - Abstract
Despite recent progress in numerical simulations of the coalescence of binary black hole systems, highly asymmetric spinning systems and the construction of accurate physical templates remain challenging and computationally expensive. We explore the feasibility of a prompt and robust test of whether the signals exhibit evidence for generic features that can educate new simulations. We form catalogs of numerical relativity waveforms with distinct physical effects and compute the relative probability that a gravitational wave signal belongs to each catalog. We introduce an algorithm designed to perform this task for coalescence signals using principal component analysis of waveform catalogs and Bayesian model selection and demonstrate its effectiveness.
- Published
- 2014
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25. Decoding the final state in binary black hole mergers
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Pablo Laguna, James Healy, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,State (functional analysis) ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Amplitude ,Binary black hole ,Quantum mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Decoding methods ,Spin-½ ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
We demonstrate that in binary black hole mergers there is a direct correlation between the frequency of the gravitational wave at peak amplitude and the mass and spin of the final black hole. This correlation could potentially assist with the analysis of gravitational wave observations from binary black hole mergers.
- Published
- 2014
26. Error-analysis and comparison to analytical models of numerical waveforms produced by the NRAR Collaboration
- Author
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Manuela Campanelli, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Denis Pollney, Ulrich Sperhake, Luisa T. Buchman, Lionel London, Barry Wardell, Geoffrey Lovelace, Mark Hannam, Tanja Bode, Jason D. Grigsby, Abdul Mroue, Michael Boyle, Thibault Damour, Philipp Mösta, Andrea Taracchini, Yi Pan, Lawrence E. Kidder, Daniel A. Hemberger, Daniela Alic, Helvi Witek, Marcus Thierfelder, Hiroyuki Nakano, Richard A. Matzner, George Reifenberger, Anil Zenginoglu, Saul A. Teukolsky, Deirdre Shoemaker, Vasileios Paschalidis, Wolfgang Tichy, Roland Haas, Alessandro Nagar, Luciano Rezzolla, Carlos O. Lousto, Nicholas Taylor, Pedro Marronetti, Béla Szilágyi, Stuart L. Shapiro, Doreen Müller, M. Pürrer, Pablo Laguna, Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel, Sascha Husa, Ian Hinder, Christian Reisswig, Mark A. Scheel, Tony Chu, Erik Schnetter, Bernd Brügmann, Bruno C. Mundim, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Yosef Zlochower, James Healy, Andrea Nerozzi, Zachariah B. Etienne, Alessandra Buonanno, and The NRAR Collaboration
- Subjects
Physics ,Solar mass ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,83C35, 83C57 ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Binary number ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Mass ratio ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,LIGO ,Numerical relativity ,Theory of relativity ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Waveform ,010306 general physics ,Algorithm - Abstract
The Numerical-Relativity-Analytical-Relativity (NRAR) collaboration is a joint effort between members of the numerical relativity, analytical relativity and gravitational-wave data analysis communities. The goal of the NRAR collaboration is to produce numerical-relativity simulations of compact binaries and use them to develop accurate analytical templates for the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration to use in detecting gravitational-wave signals and extracting astrophysical information from them. We describe the results of the first stage of the NRAR project, which focused on producing an initial set of numerical waveforms from binary black holes with moderate mass ratios and spins, as well as one non-spinning binary configuration which has a mass ratio of 10. All of the numerical waveforms are analysed in a uniform and consistent manner, with numerical errors evaluated using an analysis code created by members of the NRAR collaboration. We compare previously-calibrated, non-precessing analytical waveforms, notably the effective-one-body (EOB) and phenomenological template families, to the newly-produced numerical waveforms. We find that when the binary's total mass is ~100-200 solar masses, current EOB and phenomenological models of spinning, non-precessing binary waveforms have overlaps above 99% (for advanced LIGO) with all of the non-precessing-binary numerical waveforms with mass ratios, 51 pages, 10 figures; published version
- Published
- 2014
27. Grazing Collisions of Black Holes via the Excision of Singularities
- Author
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Jorge Pullin, Roberto Gomez, Pablo Laguna, Deirdre Shoemaker, Mijan Huq, Jeffrey Winicour, Richard A. Matzner, Pedro Marronetti, David Neilsen, Luis Lehner, Erik Schnetter, Randall R. Correll, and Steve Brandt
- Subjects
Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Event horizon ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Micro black hole ,Binary black hole ,Intermediate-mass black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Stellar black hole ,Impact parameter ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Hawking radiation - Abstract
We present the first simulations of non-headon (grazing) collisions of binary black holes in which the black hole singularities have been excised from the computational domain. Initially two equal mass black holes $m$ are separated a distance $\approx10m$ and with impact parameter $\approx2m$. Initial data are based on superposed, boosted (velocity $\approx0.5c$) solutions of single black holes in Kerr-Schild coordinates. Both rotating and non-rotating black holes are considered. The excised regions containing the singularities are specified by following the dynamics of apparent horizons. Evolutions of up to $t \approx 35m$ are obtained in which two initially separate apparent horizons are present for $t\approx3.8m$. At that time a single enveloping apparent horizon forms, indicating that the holes have merged. Apparent horizon area estimates suggest gravitational radiation of about 2.6% of the total mass. The evolutions end after a moderate amount of time because of instabilities., Comment: 2 References corrected, reference to figure updated
- Published
- 2000
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28. Stable Characteristic Evolution of Generic Three-Dimensional Single-Black-Hole Spacetimes
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Scott Klasky, Saul A. Teukolsky, Charles R. Evans, Peter Anninos, Randall R. Correll, Geoffrey C. Fox, Stuart L. Shapiro, Larry Kidder, Steven R. Brandt, Manish Parashar, Pablo Laguna, Luis Lehner, Mark A. Scheel, Thomas W. Baumgarte, Nigel T. Bishop, W. Landry, F. Saied, Arlen Anderson, Tomasz Haupt, Andrew M. Abrahams, Roberto Gomez, Gregory B. Cook, Richard A. Matzner, Larry Smarr, P. Walker, Lee Samuel Finn, Matthew W. Choptuik, Siddhartha Mitra, J. Lenaghan, Edward Seidel, Joan Masso, Philippos Papadopoulos, P. E. Saylor, James W. York, M. F. Huq, Deirdre Shoemaker, James C. Browne, M. H. P. M. van Putten, Luciano Rezzolla, Jeffrey Winicour, M. E. Rupright, Bela Szilagyi, K. Camarda, and R. L. Marsa
- Subjects
Physics ,Computer simulation ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Physics and Astronomy ,01 natural sciences ,Stability (probability) ,Term (time) ,Black hole ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Classical mechanics ,Cover (topology) ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Spinning - Abstract
We report new results which establish that the accurate 3dimensional numerical simulation of generic single-black-hole spacetimes has been achieved by characteristic evolution with unlimited long term stability. Our results cover a selection of distorted, moving and spinning single black holes, with evolution times up to 60,000M. 04.25.Dm,04.30.Db
- Published
- 1998
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29. The transient gravitational-wave sky
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Laura Cadonati, Rosalba Perna, Stefan Hild, Emanuele Berti, Shiho Kobayashi, Szabolcs Marka, James S. Clark, Deirdre Shoemaker, John M. Baker, Andrew MacFadyen, Luis Lehner, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Nils Andersson, Ilya Mandel, Carl L. Rodriguez, Christian Reisswig, Alicia M. Soderberg, S. Klimenko, Ulrich Sperhake, Steve Liebling, Antony C. Searle, Ik Siong Heng, Pablo Laguna, Jocelyn Read, Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel, Zsuzsa Márka, Lee Samuel Finn, Janna Levin, Stan Whitcomb, Patrick J. Sutton, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, David Neilsen, Kostas D. Kokkotas, Peter Kalmus, M. Ruffert, Martin Hendry, José A. González, Nial R. Tanvir, Erik Schnetter, Bruno Giacomazzo, Peter Shawhan, Chris L. Fryer, P. T. O'Brien, M. Was, Marc Favata, Kris Belczynski, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Nils, A, John, B, Krzystof, B, Sebastiano, B, Emanuele, B, Laura, C, Pablo Cerdá, D, James, C, Marc, F, Lee Samuel, F, Chris, F, Giacomazzo, B, Jose Antonio, G, Martin, H, Ik Siong, H, Stefan, H, Nathan Johnson, M, Peter, K, Sergei, K, Shiho, K, Kostas, K, Pablo, L, Luis, L, Janna, L, Steve, L, Andrew, M, Ilya, M, Szabolcs, M, Zsuzsa, M, David, N, Paul, O, Rosalba, P, Jocelyn, R, Christian, R, Carl, R, Max, R, Erik, S, Antony, S, Peter, S, Deirdre, S, Alicia, S, Ulrich, S, Patrick, S, Nial, T, Michal, W, and Stan, W
- Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Explosive material ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ELECTROMAGNETIC COUNTERPARTS ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,SPIN-DOWN LIMIT ,0103 physical sciences ,PRESUPERNOVA EVOLUTION ,CORE-COLLAPSE ,010306 general physics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ARMED SPIRAL INSTABILITY ,media_common ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Astroparticle physics ,Physics ,GAMMA-RAY BURSTS ,NEUTRINO PAIR ANNIHILATION ,Gravitational wave ,Astronomy ,MASS BLACK-HOLES ,Universe ,BAR-MODE INSTABILITY ,Interferometry ,Sky ,Data analysis ,Transient (oscillation) ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,DRIVEN SUPERNOVA ,gravitational waves, neutron stars, black holes ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Interferometric detectors will very soon give us an unprecedented view of the gravitational-wave sky, and in particular of the explosive and transient Universe. Now is the time to challenge our theoretical understanding of short-duration gravitational-wave signatures from cataclysmic events, their connection to more traditional electromagnetic and particle astrophysics, and the data analysis techniques that will make the observations a reality. This paper summarizes the state of the art, future science opportunities, and current challenges in understanding gravitational-wave transients., 33 pages, 2 figures
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- 2013
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30. Erratum: IsJenough? Comparison of gravitational waves emitted along the total angular momentum direction with other preferred orientations [Phys. Rev. D85, 084003 (2012)]
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Deirdre Shoemaker, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Lionel London, Zachary Meeks, and J. Healy
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Classical mechanics ,Total angular momentum quantum number ,Gravitational wave ,Quantum electrodynamics - Published
- 2013
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31. Precession during merger: Strong polarization changes are observationally accessible features of strong-field gravity during binary black hole merger
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J. Healy, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Deirdre Shoemaker, and Lionel London
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Observable ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Polarization (waves) ,01 natural sciences ,Amplitude ,Binary black hole ,Tests of general relativity ,Total angular momentum quantum number ,0103 physical sciences ,Precession ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
The short gravitational wave signal from the merger of compact binaries encodes a surprising amount of information about the strong-field dynamics of merger into frequencies accessible to ground-based interferometers. In this paper we describe a previously unknown ``precession'' of the peak emission direction with time, both before and after the merger, about the total angular momentum direction. We demonstrate that the gravitational wave polarization encodes the orientation of this direction to the line of sight. We argue that the effects of polarization can be estimated nonparametrically, directly from the gravitational wave signal as seen along one line of sight, as a slowly varying feature on top of a rapidly varying carrier. After merger, our results can be interpreted as a coherent excitation of quasinormal modes of different angular orders, a superposition which naturally ``precesses'' and modulates the line-of-sight amplitude. Recent analytic calculations have arrived at a similar geometric interpretation. We suspect the line-of-sight polarization content will be a convenient observable with which to define new high-precision tests of general relativity using gravitational waves. Additionally, as the nonlinear merger process seeds the initial coherent perturbation, we speculate that the amplitude of this effect provides a new probe of the strong-field dynamics during merger. To demonstrate that the ubiquity of the effects we describe, we summarize the postmerger evolution of 104 generic precessing binary mergers. Finally, we provide estimates for the detectable impacts of precession on the waveforms from high-mass sources. These expressions may identify new precessing binary parameters whose waveforms are dissimilar from the existing sample.
- Published
- 2013
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32. Template Mode Hierarchies for Binary Black Hole Mergers
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James Healy, Larne Pekowsky, Pablo Laguna, and Deirdre Shoemaker
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Physics ,Coalescence (physics) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Mode (statistics) ,Binary number ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Compact star ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Binary system ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Matched filtering is a popular data analysis framework used to search for gravitational wave signals emitted by compact object binaries. The templates used in matched filtering searches are constructed predominantly from the quadrupolar mode because this mode is the energetically most dominant channel. However, for highly precessing binaries or binaries with moderately large mass ratios, significant power is also carried by higher-order modes. We investigate how the inclusion of higher modes in the templates increases the prospects for detecting gravitational waves. Specifically, we use numerical relativity waveforms from the late inspiral and coalescence of binary black holes to identify mode hierarchies that cover the sky of binary orientations. We show that the ordering in these hierarchies depends on the characteristics of the binary system and the mode strengths. Our study demonstrates that detecting moderately high precessing or unequal mass binaries requires the inclusion of higher modes in the templates banks., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables, replaced to match published version
- Published
- 2013
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33. Comparing gravitational waves from nonprecessing and precessing black hole binaries in the corotating frame
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L. Pekowsky, J. Healy, Richard O'Shaughnessy, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Degrees of freedom (statistics) ,Binary number ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Precession ,Orbit (dynamics) ,010306 general physics ,Reference frame ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Previous analytic and numerical calculations suggest that, at each instant, the emission from a precessing black hole binary closely resembles the emission from a nonprecessing analog. In this paper we quantitatively explore the validity and limitations of that correspondence, extracting the radiation from a large collection of roughly two hundred generic black hole binary merger simulations both in the simulation frame and in a corotating frame that tracks precession. To a first approximation, the corotating-frame waveforms resemble nonprecessing analogs, based on similarity over a band-limited frequency interval defined using a fiducial detector (here, advanced LIGO) and the source's total mass $M$. By restricting attention to masses $M\in 100, 1000 M_\odot$, we insure our comparisons are sensitive only to our simulated late-time inspiral, merger, and ringdown signals. In this mass region, every one of our precessing simulations can be fit by some physically similar member of the \texttt{IMRPhenomB} phenomenological waveform family to better than 95%; most fit significantly better. The best-fit parameters at low and high mass correspond to natural physical limits: the pre-merger orbit and post-merger perturbed black hole. Our results suggest that physically-motivated synthetic signals can be derived by viewing radiation from suitable nonprecessing binaries in a suitable nonintertial reference frame. While a good first approximation, precessing systems have degrees of freedom (i.e., the transverse spins) which a nonprecessing simulation cannot reproduce. We quantify the extent to which these missing degrees of freedom limit the utility of synthetic precessing signals for detection and parameter estimation., Comment: Submitted to PRD; v2 corrects mass scales; v3 repairs and improves fig 2 and count
- Published
- 2013
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34. Improved sensitivity in a gravitational wave interferometer and implications for LIGO
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Alex Abramovici, W. E. Althouse, Deirdre Shoemaker, J. A. Giaime, F. J. Raab, S. E. Whitcomb, Jordan Camp, L. Sievers, A. Gillespie, D. Durance, Seiji Kawamura, A. Kuhnert, Robert Spero, M. E. Zucker, T. T. Lyons, R. E. Vogt, R. L. Savage, and Rainer Weiss
- Subjects
Physics ,Atom interferometer ,Gravitational-wave observatory ,Gravitational wave ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Spectral density ,Noise (electronics) ,LIGO ,Interferometry ,Vibration isolation ,Optics ,business - Abstract
Sensitivity enhancements in the laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) project's 40 m interferometer have been achieved through two major instrumental improvements. Improved vibration isolation has reduced the noise due to ground motion. New test masses with less mechanical dissipation were installed to lower the thermal noise associated with mirror vibrations. The minimum interferometer noise (square root of the spectral density of apparent differential displacement) reached 3 x 10^(-19) m/Hz^(1/2) near 450 Hz.
- Published
- 1996
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35. Georgia tech catalog of gravitational waveforms
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James Healy, Pablo Laguna, Lionel London, James A. Clark, Deirdre Shoemaker, and Karan Jani
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics ,Mass ratio ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,LIGO ,Gravitation ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,Theory of relativity ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics - Abstract
This paper introduces a catalog of gravitational waveforms from the bank of simulations by the numerical relativity effort at Georgia Tech. Currently, the catalog consists of 452 distinct waveforms from more than 600 binary black hole simulations: 128 of the waveforms are from binaries with black hole spins aligned with the orbital angular momentum, and 324 are from precessing binary black hole systems. The waveforms from binaries with non-spinning black holes have mass-ratios $q = m_1/m_2 \le 15$, and those with precessing, spinning black holes have $q \le 8$. The waveforms expand a moderate number of orbits in the late inspiral, the burst during coalescence, and the ring-down of the final black hole. Examples of waveforms in the catalog matched against the widely used approximate models are presented. In addition, predictions of the mass and spin of the final black hole by phenomenological fits are tested against the results from the simulation bank. The role of the catalog in interpreting the GW150914 event and future massive binary black-hole search in LIGO is discussed. The Georgia Tech catalog is publicly available at einstein.gatech.edu/catalog.
- Published
- 2016
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36. The NINJA-2 catalog of hybrid post-Newtonian/numerical-relativity waveforms for non-precessing black-hole binaries
- Author
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Ilana MacDonald, Mark Hannam, Wolfgang Tichy, Philipp Mösta, Ulrich Sperhake, Michael Pürrer, Yuk Tung Liu, Luisa T. Buchman, Frank Ohme, Manuela Campanelli, Hiroyuki Nakano, Mark A. Scheel, Tony Chu, Stuart L. Shapiro, Michael Boyle, Badri Krishnan, Laura Cadonati, Doreen Müller, Petr Tsatsin, Vasileios Paschalidis, Lionel London, Bruno C. Mundim, Ian Hinder, Deirdre Shoemaker, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Christian Reisswig, Carlos O. Lousto, P. Ajith, Nicholas Taylor, Denis Pollney, Lawrence E. Kidder, James Healy, Béla Szilágyi, Yosef Zlochower, Marcelo Ponce, Stephen Fairhurst, Pablo Laguna, Duncan A. Brown, Geoffrey Lovelace, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Pedro Marronetti, Bernd Brügmann, George Reifenberger, Larne Pekowsky, Zachariah B. Etienne, Satya Mohapatra, Sascha Husa, and Lucía Santamaría
- Subjects
Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Small number ,Detector ,Mode (statistics) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,0103 physical sciences ,Waveform ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,010306 general physics ,Algorithm - Abstract
The Numerical INJection Analysis (NINJA) project is a collaborative effort between members of the numerical relativity and gravitational wave data analysis communities. The purpose of NINJA is to study the sensitivity of existing gravitational-wave search and parameter-estimation algorithms using numerically generated waveforms, and to foster closer collaboration between the numerical relativity and data analysis communities. The first NINJA project used only a small number of injections of short numerical-relativity waveforms, which limited its ability to draw quantitative conclusions. The goal of the NINJA-2 project is to overcome these limitations with long post-Newtonian - numerical relativity hybrid waveforms, large numbers of injections, and the use of real detector data. We report on the submission requirements for the NINJA-2 project and the construction of the waveform catalog. Eight numerical relativity groups have contributed 63 hybrid waveforms consisting of a numerical portion modelling the late inspiral, merger, and ringdown stitched to a post-Newtonian portion modelling the early inspiral. We summarize the techniques used by each group in constructing their submissions. We also report on the procedures used to validate these submissions, including examination in the time and frequency domains and comparisons of waveforms from different groups against each other. These procedures have so far considered only the $(\ell,m)=(2,2)$ mode. Based on these studies we judge that the hybrid waveforms are suitable for NINJA-2 studies. We note some of the plans for these investigations., Presented at Amaldi 9
- Published
- 2012
37. Is J enough? Comparison of gravitational waves emitted along the total angular momentum direction with other preferred orientations
- Author
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Lionel London, Richard O'Shaughnessy, Deirdre Shoemaker, J. Healy, and Zachary Meeks
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Angular momentum ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,General relativity ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Total angular momentum quantum number ,Orientation (geometry) ,0103 physical sciences ,Angular momentum of light ,Angular momentum coupling ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,Principal axis theorem - Abstract
The gravitational wave signature emitted from a merging binary depends on the orientation of an observer relative to the binary. Previous studies suggest that emission along the total initial or total final angular momenta leads to both the strongest and simplest signal from a precessing compact binary. In this paper we describe a concrete counterexample: a binary with $m_1/m_2=4$, $a_1=0.6 \hat{x} = -a_2$, placed in orbit in the x,y plane. We extract the gravitational wave emission along several proposed emission directions, including the initial (Newtonian) orbital angular momentum; the final (~ initial) total angular momentum; and the dominant principal axis of $_M$. Using several diagnostics, we show that the suggested preferred directions are not representative. For example, only for a handful of other directions (< 15%) will the gravitational wave signal have comparable shape to the one extracted along each of these fiducial directions, as measured by a generalized overlap (>0.95). We conclude that the information available in just one direction (or mode) does not adequately encode the complexity of orientation-dependent emission for even short signals from merging black hole binaries. Future investigations of precessing, unequal-mass binaries should carefully explore and model their orientation-dependent emission., Comment: v2 errata
- Published
- 2012
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38. Efficient asymptotic frame selection for binary black hole spacetimes using asymptotic radiation
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Richard O'Shaughnessy, Deirdre Shoemaker, B. Vaishnav, Zachary Meeks, and J. Healy
- Subjects
Weyl tensor ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Mathematical analysis ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,symbols.namesake ,Classical mechanics ,Binary black hole ,Orientation (geometry) ,0103 physical sciences ,symbols ,Time domain ,Invariant (mathematics) ,010306 general physics ,Principal axis theorem ,Rotation group SO - Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that gravitational radiation reliably encodes information about the natural emission direction of the source (e.g., the orbital plane). In this paper, we demonstrate that these orientations can be efficiently estimated by the principal axes of , an average of the action of rotation group generators on the Weyl tensor at asymptotic infinity. Evaluating this average at each time provides the instantaneous emission direction. Further averaging across the entire signal yields an average orientation, closely connected to the angular components of the Fisher matrix. The latter direction is well-suited to data analysis and parameter estimation when the instantaneous emission direction evolves significantly. Finally, in the time domain, the average provides fast, invariant diagnostics of waveform quality., Comment: Submitted to PRD
- Published
- 2011
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39. Intrinsic selection biases of ground-based gravitational wave searches for high-mass black hole-black hole mergers
- Author
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Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Vaishnav, Deirdre Shoemaker, and J. Healy
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Spins ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Binary number ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,0103 physical sciences ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Spin-½ - Abstract
The next generation of ground-based gravitational wave detectors may detect a few mergers of comparable-mass $M\ensuremath{\simeq}100\ensuremath{-}1000{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ [``intermediate-mass'' (IMBH)] spinning black holes. Black hole spin is known to have a significant impact on the orbit, merger signal, and post-merger ringdown of any binary with non-negligible spin. In particular, the detection volume for spinning binaries depends significantly on the component black hole spins. We provide a fit to the single-detector and isotropic-network detection volume versus (total) mass and arbitrary spin for equal-mass binaries. Our analysis assumes matched filtering to all significant available waveform power (up to $l=6$ available for fitting, but only $l\ensuremath{\le}4$ significant) estimated by an array of 64 numerical simulations with component spins as large as ${S}_{1,2}/{M}^{2}\ensuremath{\le}0.8$. We provide a spin-dependent estimate of our uncertainty, up to ${S}_{1,2}/{M}^{2}\ensuremath{\le}1$. For the initial (advanced) LIGO detector, our fits are reliable for $M\ensuremath{\in}[100,500]{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ ($M\ensuremath{\in}[100,1600]{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$). In the online version of this article, we also provide fits assuming incomplete information, such as the neglect of higher-order harmonics. We briefly discuss how a strong selection bias towards aligned spins influences the interpretation of future gravitational wave detections of IMBH-IMBH mergers.
- Published
- 2010
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40. Exploring the Use of Numerical Relativity Waveforms in Burst Analysis of Precessing Black Hole Mergers
- Author
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Laura Cadonati, Lionel London, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, James Healy, Sebastian Fischetti, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Gravitational-wave observatory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,LIGO ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,Theory of relativity ,Binary black hole ,Tests of general relativity ,0103 physical sciences ,10. No inequality ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Recent years have witnessed tremendous progress in numerical relativity and an ever improving performance of ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors. In preparation for Advanced LIGO and a new era in gravitational wave astronomy, the numerical relativity and gravitational wave data analysis communities are collaborating to ascertain the most useful role for numerical relativity waveforms in the detection and characterization of binary black hole coalescences. In this paper, we explore the detectability of equal mass, merging black hole binaries with precessing spins and total mass M_T in [80,350]Msol, using numerical relativity waveforms and template-less search algorithms designed for gravitational wave bursts. In particular, we present a systematic study using waveforms produced by the MAYAKRANC code that are added to colored, Gaussian noise and analyzed with the Omega burst search algorithm. Detection efficiency is weighed against the orientation of one of the black-hole's spin axes. We find a strong correlation between the detection efficiency and the radiated energy and angular momentum, and that the inclusion of the l=2, m=+/-1,0 modes, at a minimum, is necessary to account for the full dynamics of precessing systems., 9 pages, 15 figures
- Published
- 2010
41. Properties of Accretion Flows Around Coalescing Supermassive Black Holes
- Author
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Deirdre Shoemaker, Tanja Bode, Tamara Bogdanovic, Pablo Laguna, and Roland Haas
- Subjects
Active galactic nucleus ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,General relativity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Context (language use) ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Luminosity ,0103 physical sciences ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,media_common ,Physics ,Supermassive black hole ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Universe ,Accretion (astrophysics) ,13. Climate action ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
What are the properties of accretion flows in the vicinity of coalescing supermassive black holes (SBHs)? The answer to this question has direct implications for the feasibility of coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational wave (GW) signals from coalescences. Such detections are considered to be the next observational grand challenge that will enable testing general relativity in the strong, nonlinear regime and improve our understanding of evolution and growth of these massive compact objects. In this paper we review the properties of the environment of coalescing binaries in the context of the circumbinary disk and hot, radiatively inefficient accretion flow models and use them to mark the extent of the parameter space spanned by this problem. We report the results from an ongoing, general relativistic, hydrodynamical study of the inspiral and merger of black holes, motivated by the latter scenario. We find that correlated EM+GW oscillations can arise during the inspiral phase followed by the gradual rise and subsequent drop-off in the light curve at the time of coalescence. While there are indications that the latter EM signature is a more robust one, a detection of either signal coincidentally with GWs would be a convincing evidence for an impending SBH binary coalescence. The observability of an EM counterpart in the hot accretion flow scenario depends on the details of a model. In the case of the most massive binaries observable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, upper limits on luminosity imply that they may be identified by EM searches out to z~0.1-1. However, given the radiatively inefficient nature of the gas flow, we speculate that a majority of massive binaries may appear as low luminosity AGN in the local universe., Revised version accepted to Class. Quantum Grav. for proceedings of 8th LISA Symposium. 15 pages, 3 figures, includes changes suggested in referee reports
- Published
- 2010
42. Final mass and maximum spin of merged black holes and the golden black hole
- Author
-
Deirdre Shoemaker, Richard A. Matzner, James Healy, and Pablo Laguna
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Angular momentum ,Particle properties ,Elliptic orbit ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Binary number ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Black hole ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,0103 physical sciences ,Extremal black hole ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Spin (physics) - Abstract
We present results on the mass and spin of the final black hole from mergers of equal mass, spinning black holes. The study extends over a broad range of initial orbital configurations, from direct plunges to quasicircular inspirals to more energetic orbits (generalizations of Newtonian elliptical orbits). It provides a comprehensive search of those configurations that maximize the final spin of the remnant black hole. We estimate that the final spin can reach a maximum spin a/M{sub h{approx_equal}}0.99{+-}0.01 for extremal black hole mergers. In addition, we find that, as one increases the orbital angular momentum from small values, the mergers produce black holes with mass and spin parameters (Mh/M,a/Mh) spiraling around the values (M-circumflex{sub h}/M,a-circumflex/M{sub h}) of a golden black hole. Specifically, (M{sub h}-M-circumflex{sub h})/M{proportional_to}e{sup {+-}B{phi}c}os{phi} and (a-a-circumflex)/M{sub h{proportional_to}}e{sup {+-}C{phi}s}in{phi}, with {phi} a monotonically growing function of the initial orbital angular momentum. We find that the values of the parameters for the golden black hole are those of the final black hole obtained from the merger of a binary with the corresponding spinning black holes in a quasicircular inspiral.
- Published
- 2010
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43. Samurai project: Verifying the consistency of black-hole-binary waveforms for gravitational-wave detection
- Author
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Christian Reisswig, Ian Hinder, Frank Herrmann, Mark Hannam, Sascha Husa, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Denis Pollney, Bernd Bruegmann, John G. Baker, Bernard J. Kelly, Nils Dorband, Mark A. Scheel, Tony Chu, Michael Boyle, James R. van Meter, Lawrence E. Kidder, Deirdre Shoemaker, Keith Matthews, and Pablo Laguna
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,General relativity ,Gravitational wave ,Binary number ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,Noise (electronics) ,LIGO ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Numerical relativity ,Amplitude ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics - Abstract
We quantify the consistency of numerical-relativity black-hole-binary waveforms for use in gravitational-wave (GW) searches with current and planned ground-based detectors. We compare previously published results for the $(\ell=2,| m | =2)$ mode of the gravitational waves from an equal-mass nonspinning binary, calculated by five numerical codes. We focus on the 1000M (about six orbits, or 12 GW cycles) before the peak of the GW amplitude and the subsequent ringdown. We find that the phase and amplitude agree within each code's uncertainty estimates. The mismatch between the $(\ell=2,| m| =2)$ modes is better than $10^{-3}$ for binary masses above $60 M_{\odot}$ with respect to the Enhanced LIGO detector noise curve, and for masses above $180 M_{\odot}$ with respect to Advanced LIGO, Virgo and Advanced Virgo. Between the waveforms with the best agreement, the mismatch is below $2 \times 10^{-4}$. We find that the waveforms would be indistinguishable in all ground-based detectors (and for the masses we consider) if detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of less than $\approx14$, or less than $\approx25$ in the best cases., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Version accepted by PRD
- Published
- 2009
44. Superkicks in Hyperbolic Encounters of Binary Black Holes
- Author
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Ian Hinder, Deirdre Shoemaker, Richard A. Matzner, Pablo Laguna, James Healy, and Frank Herrmann
- Subjects
Physics ,Spins ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Binary number ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics ,Mass ratio ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Gravitation ,Recoil ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics - Abstract
Generic inspirals and mergers of binary black holes produce beamed emission of gravitational radiation that can lead to a gravitational recoil or kick of the final black hole. The kick velocity depends on the mass ratio and spins of the binary as well as on the dynamics of the binary configuration. Studies have focused so far on the most astrophysically relevant configuration of quasi-circular inspirals, for which kicks as large as 3,300 km/s have been found. We present the first study of gravitational recoil in hyperbolic encounters. Contrary to quasi-circular configurations, in which the beamed radiation tends to average during the inspiral, radiation from hyperbolic encounters is plunge dominated, resulting in an enhancement of preferential beaming. As a consequence, it is possible to achieve kick velocities as large as 10,000 km/s., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Status of NINJA: the Numerical INJection Analysis project
- Author
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Evan Ochsner, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra, Riccardo Sturani, Patrick Brady, Pedro Marronetti, John G. Baker, Joshua A. Faber, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Vicky Kalogera, Denis Pollney, Mark Hannam, Alessandra Buonanno, Alexander Stroeer, Lucía Santamaría, Manuela Campanelli, Frans Pretorius, Ruslan Vaulin, Yi Pan, Sascha Husa, Zachariah B. Etienne, Luciano Rezzolla, Erik Schnetter, Pablo Laguna, Drew Keppel, Frank Herrmann, Shourov Chatterjis, Gianluca Guidi, Abdul Mroue, Vivien Raymond, Sebastian Fischetti, Michael Boyle, R. Adam Mercer, Badri Krishnan, Ian Hinder, Mark A. Scheel, Tony Chu, Carlos O. Lousto, Bernard J. Kelly, James Whelan, Sean T. McWilliams, Peter Diener, Christian Röver, Stephen Fairhurst, Nelson Christensen, Yosef Zlochower, Ulrich Sperhake, Lawrence E. Kidder, Stuart L. Shapiro, Keith Matthews, C. Robinson, Alberto Vecchio, Luisa T. Buchman, Joan Centrella, Christian Reisswig, Bernd Brügmann, William D. Boggs, Larne Pekowsky, Wolfgang Tichy, Yuk Tung Liu, Nils Dorband, Oliver Rinne, Duncan A. Brown, A. Viceré, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, Benjamin Farr, Jennifer Seiler, Ilya Mandel, Richard A. Matzner, James R. van Meter, Deirdre Shoemaker, Hiroyuki Nakano, Lisa M. Goggin, Laura Cadonati, Benjamin Aylott, Marc van der Sluys, John Veitch, and Jordan Camp
- Subjects
Coalescence (physics) ,Physics ,Colored gaussian noise ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,Analysis Project ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,0103 physical sciences ,Waveform ,Statistical physics ,010306 general physics ,QB - Abstract
The 2008 NRDA conference introduced the Numerical INJection Analysis project (NINJA), a new collaborative effort between the numerical relativity community and the data analysis community. NINJA focuses on modeling and searching for gravitational wave signatures from the coalescence of binary system of compact objects. We review the scope of this collaboration and the components of the first NINJA project, where numerical relativity groups shared waveforms and data analysis teams applied various techniques to detect them when embedded in colored Gaussian noise., Comment: Proceedings of Numerical Relativity and Data Analysis NRDA 2008 (Syracuse NY, August 2008) - 14 pages, 1 figure
- Published
- 2009
46. Binary black hole evolutions of approximate puncture initial data
- Author
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Deirdre Shoemaker, Pablo Laguna, Ian Hinder, Tanja Bode, B. Vaishnav, and Frank Herrmann
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Mathematical analysis ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,16. Peace & justice ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,LIGO ,Gravitation ,Numerical relativity ,symbols.namesake ,Classical mechanics ,Hamiltonian constraint ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Einstein field equations ,symbols ,010306 general physics ,Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) - Abstract
Approximate solutions to the Einstein field equations are valuable tools to investigate gravitational phenomena. An important aspect of any approximation is to investigate and quantify its regime of validity. We present a study that evaluates the effects that approximate puncture initial data, based on skeleton solutions to the Einstein constraints as proposed by [G. Faye, P. Jaranowski, and G. Schaefer, Phys. Rev. D 69, 124029 (2004).], have on numerical evolutions. Using data analysis tools, we assess the effectiveness of these constraint-violating initial data for both initial and advanced LIGO and show that the matches of waveforms from skeleton data with the corresponding waveforms from constraint-satisfying initial data are > or approx. 0.97 when the total mass of the binary is > or approx. 40M{sub {center_dot}}. In addition, we demonstrate that the differences between the skeleton and the constraint-satisfying initial data evolutions, and thus waveforms, are due to negative Hamiltonian constraint violations present in the skeleton initial data located in the vicinity of the punctures. During the evolution, the skeleton data develops both Hamiltonian and momentum constraint violations that decay with time, with the binary system relaxing to a constraint-satisfying solution with black holes of smaller mass and thus different dynamics.
- Published
- 2009
47. Zoom-Whirl Orbits in Black Hole Binaries
- Author
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James Healy, Janna Levin, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Physics ,Angular momentum ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Mass ratio ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,Computer Science::Graphics ,Binary black hole ,Rotating black hole ,Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,0103 physical sciences ,Extremal black hole ,Computer Science::Mathematical Software ,Spin-flip ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
Zoom-whirl behavior has the reputation of being a rare phenomenon. The concern has been that gravitational radiation would drain angular momentum so rapidly that generic orbits would circularize before zoom-whirl behavior could play out, and only rare highly tuned orbits would retain their imprint. Using full numerical relativity, we catch zoom-whirl behavior despite dissipation. The larger the mass ratio, the longer the pair can spend in orbit before merging and therefore the more zooms and whirls seen. Larger spins also enhance zoom-whirliness. An important implication is that these eccentric orbits can merge during a whirl phase, before enough angular momentum has been lost to truly circularize the orbit. Waveforms will be modulated by the harmonics of zoom-whirls, showing quiet phases during zooms and louder glitches during whirls., Comment: Replaced with published version
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Probing the Binary Black Hole Merger Regime with Scalar Perturbations
- Author
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Frank Herrmann, Ian Hinder, Eloisa Bentivegna, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Event horizon ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Gravitation ,Classical mechanics ,Dynamical horizon ,Binary black hole ,Quantum electrodynamics ,Apparent horizon ,0103 physical sciences ,Spin-flip ,010306 general physics ,Scalar field - Abstract
We present results obtained by scattering a scalar field off the curved background of a coalescing binary black hole system. A massless scalar field is evolved on a set of fixed backgrounds, each provided by a spatial hypersurface generated numerically during a binary black hole merger. We show that the scalar field scattered from the merger region exhibits quasinormal ringing once a common apparent horizon surrounds the two black holes. This occurs earlier than the onset of the perturbative regime as measured by the start of the quasinormal ringing in the gravitational waveforms. We also use the scalar quasinormal frequencies to associate a mass and a spin with each hypersurface, and observe the compatibility of this measure with the horizon mass and spin computed from the dynamical horizon framework., Comment: 10 Pages and 6 figures
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Binary Black Hole Encounters, Gravitational Bursts and Maximum Final Spin
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Richard A. Matzner, Pablo Laguna, Deirdre Shoemaker, Frank Herrmann, Matthew C. Washik, Ian Hinder, and James Healy
- Subjects
Physics ,Particle physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Black hole ,Rotating black hole ,Binary black hole ,Total angular momentum quantum number ,0103 physical sciences ,Angular momentum coupling ,Extremal black hole ,Stellar black hole ,Spin-flip ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,10. No inequality ,010306 general physics - Abstract
The spin of the final black hole in the coalescence of nonspinning black holes is determined by the ``residual'' orbital angular momentum of the binary. This residual momentum consists of the orbital angular momentum that the binary is not able to shed in the process of merging. We study the angular momentum radiated, the spin of the final black hole and the gravitational bursts in a series of orbits ranging from almost direct infall to numerous orbits before infall that exhibit multiple bursts of radiation in the merger process. We show that the final black hole gets a maximum spin parameter $a/M_h \le 0.78$, and this maximum occurs for initial orbital angular momentum $L \approx M^2_h$., Comment: Replaced with version to appear in PRL
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Comparisons of eccentric binary black hole simulations with post-Newtonian models
- Author
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Pablo Laguna, Frank Herrmann, Ian Hinder, and Deirdre Shoemaker
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Phase (waves) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,01 natural sciences ,Omega ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Numerical relativity ,Mean motion ,Binary black hole ,0103 physical sciences ,Binary star ,Eccentricity (behavior) ,010306 general physics ,media_common ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
We present the first comparison between numerical relativity (NR) simulations of an eccentric binary black hole system with corresponding post-Newtonian (PN) results. We evolve an equal-mass, non-spinning configuration with an initial eccentricity e ~ 0.1 for 21 gravitational wave cycles before merger, and find agreement in the gravitational wave phase with an adiabatic eccentric PN model with 2 PN radiation reaction within 0.1 radians for 10 cycles. The NR and PN phase difference grows to 0.7 radians by 5 cycles before merger. We find that these results can be obtained by expanding the eccentric PN expressions in terms of the frequency-related variable x = (omega M)^{2/3} with M the total mass of the binary. When using instead the mean motion n = 2 \pi /P, where P is the orbital period, the comparison leads to significant disagreements with NR., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. Replaced extrapolation of fit parameters with values at earliest time - results unchanged. Corrected equation typos in Section IIa. Other minor changes. Corresponds to PRD version
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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