1. Cricopharyngeal achalasia and upper oesophageal endoscopic myotomy (CP-POEM).
- Author
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Albeniz E and Estremera-Arevalo F
- Subjects
- Humans, Treatment Outcome, Esophagoscopy, Manometry, Deglutition Disorders physiopathology, Deglutition Disorders etiology, Deglutition Disorders surgery, Myotomy methods, Esophageal Achalasia surgery, Esophageal Achalasia diagnosis, Esophageal Achalasia physiopathology, Esophageal Sphincter, Upper surgery, Esophageal Sphincter, Upper physiopathology
- Abstract
Cricopharyngeal achalasia (CPA), also known as cricopharyngeal bar, is a rare motor disorder affecting the upper oesophageal sphincter. This comprehensive literature review focuses on clinical aspects that can assist physicians in daily decision-making. The diagnosis of CPA is primarily based on symptoms of upper dysphagia and radiological identification of a posterior bar. However, the diagnostic process is not standardized and necessitates a multimodal approach, including radiological, endoscopic, and manometric studies performed by various specialists. Treatment options for CPA include botulinum toxin injection, endoscopic balloon dilatation, open or endoscopic surgery, and cricopharyngeal peroral endoscopic myotomy (CP-POEM). CP-POEM is the latest indication for POEM and has shown promising results with minimal adverse events, though high-quality evidence is still lacking., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Fermin Estremera-Arevalo and Eduardo Albéniz declares no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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