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Objectives: Paranasal sinus mucocele is a benign cystic lesion, lined with respiratory epithelium and filled with mucoid secretions, which is generally seen in the ethmoid or frontal sinuses. Inflammation, trauma, fibrosis, neoplasm, and previous surgery play a role in etiology. Treatment of this condition requires marsupialization and drainage. Endoscopic surgery is the gold standard procedure., Methods: A 2-year-old boy was referred to our clinic with a diagnosis of bilateral ethmoid mucocele causing proptosis in the right eye. General clinical examinations and routine blood analysis revealed normal health condition of the patient and comorbidities such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and/or ciliary dysfunction were excluded. The patient was operated with an endoscopic endonasal approach., Results: As far as we know, our article reports the first case of bilateral ethmoidal sinus mucocele with no underlying comorbidity, such as cystic fibrosis or ciliary dyskinesia., Conclusions: Children are rarely affected by mucocele and if present at early age, there is usually an underlying cause. In pediatric patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of a mucocele, it is important to rule out other benign and malignant paranasal sinus pathologies. Marsupialization and drainage via endoscopic endonasal approach is the preferred treatment modality., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most widespread cancer types that arise from different sites of oral cavity and has a 5-year survival rate. This study is aimed at investigating the human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1)-Ser326Cys and APE-Asp148Glu polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in OSCC., Materials and Methods: We investigated the hOGG1-Ser326Cys and APE-Asp148Glu polymorphisms of DNA repair genes in the oral cavity. Genotyping was conducted using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis based on 132 patients who were diagnosed as having OSCC and 160 healthy subjects., Results: Individuals with the genotype hOGG1-Ser326Cys, Cys allele carriers, were found significantly more frequently in the patient group compared to the control group as increase in risk (p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was observed that there were significantly more individuals with the Ser allele in the control group (p < 0.001). Individuals with genotype APE-Asp148Glu were not statistically significant; however, they were still more in the control group and provided protection against the disease., Conclusion: Our findings showed that hOGG1-Ser326Cys Cys allele is statistically important and relevant with respect to the development of oral squamous cancer. In view of our results, further studies including expression levels are required in which hOGG1-Ser326Cys should be investigated as molecular biomarkers for the early prediction of squamous cell carcinoma., (© 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness and usefulness of transnasal prelacrimal recess approach (TPRA) in patients with recurrent antrochoanal polyps., Methods: Twelve patients with antrochoanal polyp recurrence underwent surgery with a transnasal endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach. Success for visualization of the origin of the polyps, surgical complications, and recurrence was evaluated., Results: Transnasal prelacrimal recess approach was successful in 83% of the patients (10/12); polyps that originated from a posterior location (2 patients) were excised using the middle meatal approach. Nasolacrimal duct injury occurred in 2 patients but neither had epiphora postoperatively. Three patients (3/12; 25%) had synechia formation between the lateral nasal wall and septum just superior to the inferior turbinate. One of the 3 patients (1/12; 8.3%) with synechia was symptomatic and required surgical treatment under local anesthesia. During a mean follow-up period of 14.2 months (range, 8-21 months) no recurrence had developed., Conclusion: In experienced hands, TPRA is a novel, reliable, and useful method for the treatment of recurrent antrochoanal polyps. It ensures good exploration of the maxillary antrum and easy access to the polyp origin on the maxillary wall without the need of additional approaches.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of voice rehabilitation with indwelling voice prosthesis on quality of life, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and sexual functions in laryngectomy patients. Provox-1 was applied to 30 patients who underwent total laryngectomy by opening a tracheoesophageal fistula. WHO Quality of Life-BREF, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Arizona Sexual Experience Scale forms were asked to be filled out by the patients before voice prosthesis application. These tests were asked to be filled out again 3 months later after the voice prosthesis application. Paired samples and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare before and after operation values. Indwelling voice prosthesis was found to improve quality of life, self-esteem, and sexual function (p < 0.05). Additionally, symptoms of depression and anxiety were regressed (p < 0.05). Indwelling voice prosthesis was found to especially increase the quality of life and decrease depression (p < 0.05). This study is an uncontrolled single-arm study comparing patients' psychosocial statuses pre- and post-voice prosthesis.

Head and neck squamous epithelial cell cancer (HNSCC), the world's fifth most common type of cancers, is associated with short life expectancy and high death rates if not detected in early stages. The aim of this study was to investigate hRRM1 and p53R2 gene polymorphisms by using real-time PCR technique in patients with head and neck cancer. In total, 87 patients with head and neck malignancies and 87 control group who have not any malignancies were included in the study between January 2011 and February 2012 in Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Department of ORL. In the study, real-time PCR was used to detect hRRM1 (rs12806698 C/A) and p53R2 (rs2290707 G/T) gene polymorphisms in Turkish HNSCC patients and healthy individuals. Genomic DNA isolation was performed according to the kit protocol with spin column. LightCycler 1.5 system was used to perform SNP genotyping using hybridization probes consisting of 3'-fluorescein and a 5'-LightCycler Red labeled pair of oligonucleotide probes. There were significant differences in the distribution of hRRM1 genotypes. Frequency of individuals with hRRM1 AA genotype was higher in patients with less differentiation when compared with well differentiation [p 0.025, Fisher's exact test, odds ratio (OR) 0.140, 95 % confidence intervals (CI) 0.024-0.797]. It is observed that A allele carriers have nearly twofold risk for development of the disease (p = 0.022; χ (2) 5.24; OR 2.02, 95 % CI 1.10-3.72).

Background: The aim of the study is to determine whether there is a role of podoplanin and glutathione S-transferases T1 (GST-T1) expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma., Methods: In this study, 33 patients were enrolled and gene expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. The podoplanin and GST-T1 expression patterns were analyzed to determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters of laryngeal cancer., Results: Of all included patients, 20 had supraglottic, and 13 had glottic laryngeal cancer. Increased expression of podoplanin was found in seven (35%) supraglottic tumor tissues and seven (53.8%) glottic tumor tissues, but GST-T1 expression was not detected., Conclusion: Podoplanin expression did not show any prediction for tumor differentiation, regional metastasis, thyroid cartilage invasion, lymphatic vessel invasion, or tumor differentiation for laryngeal cancer, and also there were no significant differences in podoplanin expression between glottic and supraglottic regions, but extracapsullar extension is almost statistically significance (P = 0.05)., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a role of podoplanin and glutathione S-transferases T1 (GST-T1) expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The study was completed with 33 patients and gene expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. The podoplanin and GST-T1 expression patterns were analyzed to determine their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters of laryngeal cancer. Of all patients, 20 had supraglottic, and the remaining 13 had glottic laryngeal cancer. Increased expression of podoplanin was found in 14 tumor tissues, but GST-T1 expression was not detected. Podoplanin expression did not show any prediction for regional metastasis, thyroid cartilage invasion, lymphatic vessel invasion or tumor differentiation for laryngeal cancer, also there were no significant differences in podoplanin expression between glottic and supraglottic regions, but extracapsullar extension is almost statistically significant (p=0,05).

In adults, influence of body position on the occurrence of respiratory events during sleep is recognized, and increased numbers of respiratory events occur when the supine position is assumed.1-4 In 1985, Orr et al. showed that body position did not influence respiratory events during sleep in children.5 Recently, Fernandes do Prado et al. showed that children had a lower obstructive apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in supine position.6 Results of these two studies are different from others performed on adults. Moreover, upper airway abnormalities were not considered in these studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of body position on obstructive respiratory events in children with different upper airway findings., (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

It is well known that in advanced cervical metastatic disease of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the incidence of distant metastasis is high. A case of distant metastasis to the scapular muscles from an uncontrolled cervical metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma is presented. Other unusual metastatic sites are reviewed and the possible mechanism of the spread is discussed.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of several factors on the patency of the internal jugular vein (IJV) after functional neck dissection (FND). A prospective clinical study was undertaken in 21 patients (36 neck dissections) before and after FND at the 1st and 3rd postoperative months by using duplex Doppler ultrasonography. The patients who had radiation therapy (RT) were evaluated again in the 6th postoperative month in order to assess possible late effects of radiation therapy. In our patients the patency rate was 100%, and no thrombosis was found. But the area at rest and during Valsalva's maneuver was reduced, and this difference was found to be statistically significant. It was concluded that the patency of the IJV remains normal after FND. Radiation therapy, infection or fistula formation have no detrimental effects on patency. In addition, the number of ligated branches do not seem to be related to the patency rate.

Cochlear implantation has a limited but definite role in the rehabilitation of certain neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) patients. The presence of a dead ear either before, or after, tumour removal does not necessarily imply loss of function in the eighth nerve; in some instances the hearing loss will be cochlear. Promontory or round window electrical stimulation may help to identify those individuals with surviving eighth nerve function. In such patients multichannel cochlear implantation promises a better level of audition than the auditory brain stem implant. This paper highlights such a case and the management problems are discussed.

The effects of air pollution on health are of concern worldwide. There are several pollutants of concern, among which are sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulates, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic chemicals. In several studies, researchers investigated the effects of those pollutants on lung and nasal functions, although in very few studies has nasal function been addressed. We evaluated the effects of air pollution on the prevalence of rhinitis in a metropolitan of Turkey, Istanbul. Until 1994, coal was used for both domestic heating and industrial processes in the city. Consequently, sulfur dioxide and total suspended particulate concentrations in the ambient air exceeded limits of air-quality standards. In recent years, especially during the early 1990s, hazardous air pollution levels were reached in Istanbul. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of rhinitis before and after installation of a natural-gas network in a polluted area of the city. In 1994, 62.5% of the individuals studied suffered from rhinitis, compared with 51% of the sample in 1996 (p < .05). Age, gender, smoking status, heating source, nor household crowding significantly affected this outcome. The findings strengthened the role of pollutant levels as risk factors for rhinitis.

This study reports on a woman who suffered left anterior cerebral artery hemorrhage with a focal lesion undercutting the left supplementary motor area. After almost complete recovery of language the patient was left with dysfluent, halting speech. In a series of four experiments we examined the major factors influencing the patient's articulation. There was a significant effect of lexicality and syllabic length on repetition and articulatory learning (Experiments 1 and 2). The number of syllables was also found to influence, in a simple reaction task, onset latencies, but not inter-response times (Experiment 3). On the contrary, articulatory intricacy had no particular effect on either repetition or vocal reaction (Experiments 1 and 3). While repetition of real words was preserved, single word production in word generation tasks was impaired. Rhyme generation and alliteration, both of which rely on phonological processing, were particularly involved, whereas semantic word generation tasks like verb generation and generation of category members were relatively spared (Experiment 4). Control tasks revealed that the observed phonological processing deficit was confined to the condition of generating spoken language output. These experimental findings suggest that the patient's dysfluent speech could neither be attributed to a deficit of linguistic processing proper, nor to one of motor execution. Her speech disorder rather resulted from an impairment of initiating sequential articulations, particularly in association with the process of downloading temporarily stored multisyllabic strings from an articulatory buffer. This deficit could obviously be overcome in real word repetition through the use of a semantic lexical route.