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2. 3D imaging and analysis to unveil the impact of microparticles on the pellet morphology of filamentous fungi.

Author

Dinius, Anna, Müller, Henri, Kellhammer, Diana, Deffur, Charlotte, Schmideder, Stefan, Hammel, Jörg U., Krull, Rainer, and Briesen, Heiko

Abstract

Controlling the morphology of filamentous fungi is crucial to improve the performance of fungal bioprocesses. Microparticle‐enhanced cultivation (MPEC) increases productivity, most likely by changing the fungal morphology. However, due to a lack of appropriate methods, the exact impact of the added microparticles on the structural development of fungal pellets is mostly unexplored. In this study synchrotron radiation‐based microcomputed tomography and three‐dimensional (3D) image analysis were applied to unveil the detailed 3D incorporation of glass microparticles in nondestructed pellets of Aspergillus niger from MPEC. The developed method enabled the 3D analysis based on 375 pellets from various MPEC experiments. The total and locally resolved volume fractions of glass microparticles and hyphae were quantified for the first time. At increasing microparticle concentrations in the culture medium, pellets with lower hyphal fraction were obtained. However, the total volume of incorporated glass microparticles within the pellets did not necessarily increase. Furthermore, larger microparticles were less effective than smaller ones in reducing pellet density. However, the total volume of incorporated glass was larger for large microparticles. In addition, analysis of MPEC pellets from different times of cultivation indicated that spore agglomeration is decisive for the development of MPEC pellets. The developed 3D morphometric analysis method and the presented results will promote the general understanding and further development of MPEC for industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Tuberculous meningitis in children is characterized by compartmentalized immune responses and neural excitotoxicity

Author

Ursula K. Rohlwink, Anthony Figaji, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Stuart Horswell, Abdul K. Sesay, Armin Deffur, Nico Enslin, Regan Solomons, Ronald Van Toorn, Brian Eley, Michael Levin, Robert J. Wilkinson, and Rachel P. J. Lai

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of TB with limited treatment options. Here, the authors perform RNA sequencing on whole blood and on ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from pediatric patients treated for TBM to characterize the immune response and tissue damage.

Published
2019
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7. Wearable-ome meets epigenome: A novel approach to measuring biological age with wearable devices

Author

Cameron Sugden, Franco B du Preez, Laurence R Olivier, and Armin Deffur

Abstract

Aging is an inevitable process of cellular and physiological decline. These markers of age can be measured on the molecular and functional level. Wearable devices offer a non-invasive continuous measure of physiological and behavioural features and how they pertain to aging. Wearable data can be used to extrapolate information derived from epigenetic biological age predictions and its underlying biology. LifeQ-enabled wearable devices were worn for 40 days to harvest data on 48 human participants. Thereafter blood was drawn and methylation levels determined using the Illumina EPIC array. Multiple epigenetic clock ages were calculated and compared with wearable features. Activity minutes correlated with VO2max (p = 0.003), subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR, p < 0.01), blood pressure index (BPI, p = 0.02), resting heart rate (RHR, p < 0.01) and heart outflow (HO, p < 0.01). Sedentary time correlated with RHR (p < 0.01), VO2max (p = 0.01), SEVR (p = 0.04), and HO (p = 0.04). VO2max, SEVR, small artery resistance (SAR), BPI and large artery stiffness index (LASI) correlated with multiple epigenetic age clock outputs and chronological age but were most strongly correlated with PCPhenoAge. VO2max, (p = 0.04) RHR (p < 0.01) and LASI (p = 0.04) were significantly correlated with PCPhenoAge acceleration. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of the differentially methylated positions of PCPhenoAge acceleration was used to construct modules, identifying 3 modules correlating with wearable features. Behavioural features impact physiological state, measured by the wearable, which are associated with epigenetic age and age acceleration. Signal from the underlying biology of age acceleration can be picked up by the wearable, presenting a case that wearable devices can capture portions of biological aging.

Published
2023
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8. ANIMA: Association network integration for multiscale analysis [version 3; referees: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Armin Deffur, Robert J. Wilkinson, Bongani M. Mayosi, and Nicola M. Mulder

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of data points on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publicly available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we describe ANIMA (association network integration for multiscale analysis), a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs. ANIMA is implemented in R and Neo4j and runs in Docker containers. In short, the build algorithm iterates over one or more transcriptomics datasets to generate a large, multipartite association network by executing multiple independent analytic steps (differential expression, deconvolution, modular analysis based on co-expression, pathway analysis) and integrating the results. Once the network is built, it can be queried directly using Cypher (a graph query language), or by custom functions that communicate with the graph database via language-specific APIs. We developed a web application using Shiny, which provides fully interactive, multiscale views of the data. Using our approach, we show that we can reconstruct multiple features of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behaviour in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well in meta-analyses of multiple datasets.

Published
2018
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9. ANIMA: Association network integration for multiscale analysis [version 2; referees: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Armin Deffur, Robert J. Wilkinson, Bongani M. Mayosi, and Nicola M. Mulder

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of data points on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publicly available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we describe ANIMA (association network integration for multiscale analysis), a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs. ANIMA is implemented in R and Neo4j and runs in Docker containers. In short, the build algorithm iterates over one or more transcriptomics datasets to generate a large, multipartite association network by executing multiple independent analytic steps (differential expression, deconvolution, modular analysis based on co-expression, pathway analysis) and integrating the results. Once the network is built, it can be queried directly using Cypher (a graph query language), or by custom functions that communicate with the graph database via language-specific APIs. We developed a web application using Shiny, which provides fully interactive, multiscale views of the data. Using our approach, we show that we can reconstruct multiple features of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behaviour in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well in meta-analyses of multiple datasets.

Published
2018
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11. Tuberculous meningitis in children is characterized by compartmentalized immune responses and neural excitotoxicity

Author

Armin Deffur, Abdul Karim Sesay, Regan Solomons, Nico Enslin, Ursula K. Rohlwink, Robert J. Wilkinson, Michael Levin, Ronald van Toorn, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Stuart Horswell, Rachel P. J. Lai, Anthony Figaji, Brian Eley, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_treatment, Excitotoxicity, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease_cause, urologic and male genital diseases, Nervous System, GLUTAMATE, Cerebrospinal fluid, Medicine, Child, lcsh:Science, Whole blood, Multidisciplinary, RNA sequencing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, DEXAMETHASONE, Multidisciplinary Sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, Child, Preschool, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Cytokines, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, 0210 nano-technology, medicine.drug, EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, PROTEINS, Science, Central nervous system, Paediatric research, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Tuberculous meningitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID, Humans, Tuberculosis, Dexamethasone, Science & Technology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, business.industry, Infant, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, Transcriptome, business
Abstract

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of TB with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Here we conduct RNA-sequencing on whole blood as well as on ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric patients treated for TBM. Differential transcript expression of TBM cases are compared with healthy controls in whole blood and with non-TB cerebral infection controls in CSF. Whole blood RNA-Seq analysis demonstrates a distinct immune response pattern in TBM, with significant increase in both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activation and decrease in T-cell activation. In ventricular CSF, a significant enrichment associated with neuronal excitotoxicity and cerebral damage is detected in TBM. Finally, compartmental comparison in TBM indicates that the ventricular profile represents brain injury whereas the lumbar profile represents protein translation and cytokine signaling. Together, transcriptomic analysis shows that disease processes differ between the periphery and the central nervous system, and within brain compartments., Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of TB with limited treatment options. Here, the authors perform RNA sequencing on whole blood and on ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from pediatric patients treated for TBM to characterize the immune response and tissue damage.

Published
2019

13. Statement on analysis and interpretation of clinical human gastrointestinal microbiome testing using next-generation sequencing in South Africa

Author

A Deffur, J M Wojno, E. Du Toit, and Adrian Brink

Subjects
Statement (computer science), business.industry, Interpretation (philosophy), Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Human microbiome, MEDLINE, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, General Medicine, Data science, DNA sequencing, South Africa, Metagenomics, Humans, Medicine, Microbiome, business
Abstract

Advances in DNA sequencing technologies and computational tools over the past few years have led to vast improvements in the metagenomic analysis of the human microbiota. While this has also significantly improved our understanding of the role of the host-microbiome interaction in health and disease, the current clinical expectation is that testing, particularly of the gastrointestinal biome, can be used to diagnose, manage and treat patients. The authors outline the available technologies and highlight current limitations of these techniques to address this clinical demand. Through understanding the limitations of and need for more research and data collection, one can improve the appropriate utilisation and interpretation, as well as the current rational clinical application of these techniques.

Published
2021

14. Prevalence, hemodynamics, and cytokine profile of effusive-constrictive pericarditis in patients with tuberculous pericardial effusion.

Author

Mpiko Ntsekhe, Kerryn Matthews, Faisal F Syed, Armin Deffur, Motasim Badri, Patrick J Commerford, Bernard J Gersh, Katalin A Wilkinson, Robert J Wilkinson, and Bongani M Mayosi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Effusive constrictive pericarditis (ECP) is visceral constriction in conjunction with compressive pericardial effusion. The prevalence of proven tuberculous ECP is unknown. Whilst ECP is distinguished from effusive disease on hemodynamic grounds, it is unknown whether effusive-constrictive physiology has a distinct cytokine profile. We conducted a prospective study of prevalence and cytokine profile of effusive-constrictive disease in patients with tuberculous pericardial effusion. METHODS:From July 2006 through July 2009, the prevalence of ECP and serum and pericardial levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined in adults with tuberculous pericardial effusion. The diagnosis of ECP was made by combined pericardiocentesis and cardiac catheterization. RESULTS:Of 91 patients evaluated, 68 had tuberculous pericarditis. The 36/68 patients (52.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 41.2-65.4) with ECP were younger (29 versus 37 years, P=0.02), had a higher pre-pericardiocentesis right atrial pressure (17.0 versus 10.0 mmHg, P 15 mmHg (odds ratio [OR] = 48, 95%CI: 8.7-265; P 200 pg/ml (OR=10, 95%CI: 1.1, 93; P=0.04) were independently associated with ECP. CONCLUSION:Effusive-constrictive disease occurs in half of cases of tuberculous pericardial effusion, and is characterized by greater elevation in the pre-pericardiocentesis right atrial pressure and pericardial and serum IL-10 levels compared to patients with effusive non-constrictive tuberculous pericarditis.

Published
2013
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17. Experimental study of hard photon radiation processes at HERA

Author

Ahmed, T., Aid, S., Andreev, V., Andrieu, B., Appuhn, R. -D., Arpagaus, M., Babaev, A., Baehr, J., Bán, J., Baranov, P., Barrelet, E., Bartel, W., Barth, M., Bassler, U., Beck, H. P., Behrend, H. -J., Belousov, A., Berger, Ch., Bergstein, H., Bernardi, G., Bernet, R., Bertrand-Coremans, G., Besançon, M., Beyer, R., Biddulph, P., Bizot, J. C., Blobel, V., Borras, K., Botterweck, F., Boudry, V., Braemer, A., Brasse, F., Braunschweig, W., Brisson, V., Bruncko, D., Brune, C., Buchholz, R., Büngener, L., Bürger, J., Büsser, F. W., Buniatian, A., Burke, S., Buschhorn, G., Campbell, A. J., Carli, T., Charles, F., Clarke, D., Clegg, A. B., Clerbaux, B., Colombo, M., Contreras, J. G., Cormack, C., Coughlan, J. A., Courau, A., Coutures, Ch., Cozzika, G., Criegee, L., Cussans, D. G., Cvach, J., Dagoret, S., Dainton, J. B., Danilov, M., Dau, W. D., Daum, K., David, M., Deffur, E., Delcourt, B., Del Buono, L., De Roeck, A., De Wolf, E. A., Di Nezza, P., Dollfus, C., Dowell, J. D., Dreis, H. B., Droutskoi, A., Duboc, J., Düllmann, D., Dünger, O., Duhm, H., Ebert, J., Ebert, T. R., Eckerlin, G., Efremenko, V., Egli, S., Ehrlichmann, H., Eichenberger, S., Eichler, R., Eisele, F., Eisenhandler, E., Ellison, R. J., Elsen, E., Erdmann, M., Erdmann, W., Evrard, E., Favart, L., Fedotov, A., Feeken, D., Felst, R., Feltesse, J., Ferencei, J., Ferrarotto, F., Flamm, K., Fleischer, M., Flieser, M., Flügge, G., Fomenko, A., Fominykh, B., Forbush, M., Formánek, J., Foster, J. M., Franke, G., Fretwurst, E., Gabathuler, E., Gabathuler, K., Gamerdinger, K., Garvey, J., Gayler, J., Gebauer, M., Gellrich, A., Genzel, H., Gerhards, R., Goerlach, U., Goerlich, L., Gogitidze, N., Goldberg, M., Goldner, D., Gonzalez-Pineiro, B., Gorelov, I., Goritchev, P., Grab, C., Grässler, H., Grässler, R., Greenshaw, T., Grindhammer, G., Gruber, A., Gruber, C., Haack, J., Haidt, D., Hajduk, L., Hamon, O., Hampel, M., Hanlon, E. M., Hapke, M., Haynes, W. J., Heatherington, J., Heinzelmann, G., Henderson, R. C. W., Henschel, H., Herma, R., Herynek, I., Hess, M. F., Hildesheim, W., Hill, P., Hiller, K. H., Hilton, C. D., Hladký, J., Hoeger, K. C., Höppner, M., Horisberger, R., Hudgson, V. L., Huet, Ph., Hütte, M., Hufnagel, H., Ibbotson, M., Itterbeck, H., Jabiol, M. -A., Jacholkowska, A., Jacobsson, C., Jaffre, M., Janoth, J., Jansen, T., Jönsson, L., Johannsen, K., Johnson, D. P., Johnson, L., Jung, H., Kalmus, P. I. P., Kant, D., Kaschowitz, R., Kasselmann, P., Kathage, U., Katzy, J., Kaufmann, H. H., Kazarian, S., Kenyon, I. R., Kermiche, S., Keuker, C., Kiesling, C., Klein, M., Kleinwort, C., Knies, G., Ko, W., Köhler, T., Köhne, J., Kolanoski, H., Kole, F., Kolya, S. D., Korbel, V., Korn, M., Kostka, P., Kotelnikov, S. K., Krämerkämper, T., Krasny, M. W., Krehbiel, H., Krücker, D., Krüger, U., Krüner-Marquis, U., Kubenka, J. P., Küster, H., Kuhlen, M., Kurča, T., Kurzhöfer, J., Kuznik, B., Lacour, D., Lamarche, F., Lander, R., Landon, M. P. J., Lange, W., Lanius, P., Laporte, J. -F., Lebedev, A., Leverenz, C., Levonian, S., Ley, Ch., Lindner, A., Lindström, G., Linsel, F., Lipinski, J., List, B., Loch, P., Lohmander, H., Lopez, G. C., Lubimov, V., Lüke, D., Magnussen, N., Malinovski, E., Mani, S., Maraček, R., Marage, P., Marks, J., Marshall, R., Martens, J., Martin, R., Martyn, H. -U., Martyniak, J., Masson, S., Mavroidis, T., Maxfield, S. J., McMahon, S. J., Mehta, A., Meier, K., Mercer, D., Merz, T., Meyer, C. A., Meyer, H., Meyer, J., Mikocki, S., Milstead, D., Moreau, F., Morris, J. V., Mroczko, E., Müller, G., Müller, K., Murín, P., Nagovizin, V., Nahnhauer, R., Naroska, B., Naumann, Th., Newman, P. R., Newton, D., Neyret, D., Nguyen, H. K., Nicholls, T. C., Niebergall, F., Niebuhr, C., Nisius, R., Nowak, G., Noyes, G. W., Nyberg-Werther, M., Oakden, M., Oberlack, H., Obrock, U., Olsson, J. E., Ozerov, D., Panaro, E., Panitch, A., Pascaud, C., Patel, G. D., Peppel, E., Perez, E., Phillips, J. P., Pichler, Ch., Pitzl, D., Pope, G., Prell, S., Prosi, R., Rädel, G., Raupach, F., Reimer, P., Reinshagen, S., Ribarics, P., Rick, H., Riech, V., Riedlberger, J., Riess, S., Rietz, M., Rizvi, E., Robertson, S. M., Robmann, P., Roloff, H. E., Roosen, R., Rosenbauer, K., Rostovtsev, A., Rouse, F., Royon, C., Rüter, K., Rusakov, S., Rybicki, K., Rylko, R., Sahlmann, N., Sanchez, E., Sankey, D. P. C., Savitsky, M., Schacht, P., Schiek, S., Schleper, P., von Schlippe, W., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, D., Schmidt, G., Schöning, A., Schröder, V., Schuhmann, E., Schwab, B., Schwind, A., Seehausen, U., Sefkow, F., Seidel, M., Sell, R., Semenov, A., Shekelyan, V., Sheviakov, I., Shooshtari, H., Shtarkov, L. N., Siegmon, G., Siewert, U., Sirois, Y., Skillicorn, I. O., Smirnov, P., Smith, J. R., Solochenko, V., Soloviev, Y., Spiekermann, J., Spitzer, H., Starosta, R., Steenbock, M., Steffen, P., Steinberg, R., Stella, B., Stephens, K., Stier, J., Stiewe, J., Stösslein, U., Stolze, K., Strachota, J., Straumann, U., Struczinski, W., Sutton, J. P., Tapprogge, S., Taylor, R. E., Tchernyshov, V., Thiebaux, C., Thompson, G., Truöl, P., Turnau, J., Tutas, J., Uelkes, P., Usik, A., Valkár, S., Valkárová, A., Vallée, C., Van Esch, P., Van Mechelen, P., Vartapetian, A., Vazdik, Y., Vecko, M., Verrecchia, P., Villet, G., Wacker, K., Wagener, A., Wagener, M., Walker, I. W., Walther, A., Weber, G., Weber, M., Wegener, D., Wegner, A., Wellisch, H. P., West, L. R., Willard, S., Winde, M., Winter, G. -G., Wright, A. E., Wünsch, E., Wulff, N., Yiou, T. P., Žáček, J., Zarbock, D., Zhang, Z., Zhokin, A., Zimmer, M., Zimmermann, W., Zomer, F., Zuber, K., and H1 Collaboration

Published
1995
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18. A search for leptoquarks and squarks at HERA

Author

Ahmed, T., Aid, S., Andreev, V., Andrieu, B., Appuhn, R. -D., Arpagaus, M., Babaev, A., Baehr, J., Bán, J., Baranov, P., Barrelet, E., Bartel, W., Barth, M., Bassler, U., Beck, H. P., Behrend, H. -J., Belousov, A., Berger, Ch., Bergstein, H., Bernardi, G., Bernet, R., Bertrand-Coremans, G., Besançon, M., Beyer, R., Biddulph, P., Bizot, J. C., Blobel, V., Borras, K., Botterweck, F., Boudry, V., Braemer, A., Brasse, F., Braunschweig, W., Brisson, V., Bruncko, D., Brune, C., Buchholz, R., Büngener, L., Bürger, J., Büsser, F. W., Buniatian, A., Burke, S., Buschhorn, G., Campbell, A. J., Carli, T., Charles, F., Clarke, D., Clegg, A. B., Colombo, M., Contreras, J. G., Coughlan, J. A., Courau, A., Coutures, Ch., Cozzika, G., Criegee, L., Cussans, D. G., Cvach, J., Dagoret, S., Dainton, J. B., Danilov, M., Dau, W. D., Daum, K., David, M., Deffur, E., Delcourt, B., Del Buono, L., De Roeck, A., De Wolf, E. A., Di Nezza, P., Dollfus, C., Dowell, J. D., Dreis, H. B., Duboc, J., Düllmann, D., Dünger, O., Duhm, H., Ebert, J., Ebert, T. R., Eckerlin, G., Efremenko, V., Egli, S., Ehrlichmann, H., Eichenberger, S., Eichler, R., Eisele, F., Eisenhandler, E., Ellison, R. J., Elsen, E., Erdmann, M., Erdmann, W., Evrard, E., Favart, L., Fedotov, A., Feeken, D., Felst, R., Feltesse, J., Ferencei, J., Ferrarotto, F., Flamm, K., Fleischer, M., Flieser, M., Flügge, G., Fomenko, A., Fominykh, B., Forbush, M., Formánek, J., Foster, J. M., Franke, G., Fretwurst, E., Gabathuler, E., Gabathuler, K., Gamerdinger, K., Garvey, J., Gayler, J., Gebauer, M., Gellrich, A., Genzel, H., Gerhards, R., Goerlach, U., Goerlich, L., Gogitidze, N., Goldberg, M., Goldner, D., Gonzalez-Pineiro, B., Goodall, A. M., Gorelov, I., Goritchev, P., Grab, C., Grässler, H., Grässler, R., Greenshaw, T., Grindhammer, G., Gruber, A., Gruber, C., Haack, J., Haidt, D., Hajduk, L., Hamon, O., Hampel, M., Hanlon, E. M., Hapke, M., Haynes, W. J., Heatherington, J., Hedberg, V., Heinzelmann, G., Henderson, R. C. W., Henschel, H., Herma, R., Herynek, I., Hess, M. F., Hildesheim, W., Hill, P., Hiller, K. H., Hilton, C. D., Hladký, J., Hoeger, K. C., Höppner, M., Horisberger, R., Huet, Ph., Hufnagel, H., Ibbotson, M., Itterbeck, H., Jabiol, M. -A., Jacholkowska, A., Jacobsson, C., Jaffre, M., Janoth, J., Jansen, T., Jönsson, L., Johannsen, K., Johnson, D. P., Johnson, L., Jung, H., Kalmus, P. I. P., Kant, D., Kaschowitz, R., Kasselmann, P., Kathage, U., Kaufmann, H. H., Kazarian, S., Kenyon, I. R., Kermiche, S., Keuker, C., Kiesling, C., Klein, M., Kleinwort, C., Knies, G., Ko, W., Köhler, T., Kolanoski, H., Kole, F., Kolya, S. D., Korbel, V., Korn, M., Kostka, P., Kotelnikov, S. K., Krasny, M. W., Krehbiel, H., Krücker, D., Krüger, U., Krüner-Marquis, U., Kubenka, J. P., Küster, H., Kuhlen, M., Kurča, T., Kurzhöfer, J., Kuznik, B., Lacour, D., Lamarche, F., Lander, R., Landon, M. P. J., Lange, W., Lanius, P., Laporte, J. -F., Lebedev, A., Leverenz, C., Levonian, S., Ley, Ch., Lindner, A., Lindström, G., Linsel, F., Lipinski, J., List, B., Loch, P., Lohmander, H., Lopez, G. C., Lüke, D., Magnussen, N., Malinovski, E., Mani, S., Maraček, R., Marage, P., Marks, J., Marshall, R., Martens, J., Martin, R., Martyn, H. -U., Martyniak, J., Masson, S., Mavroidis, T., Maxfield, S. J., McMahon, S. J., Mehta, A., Meier, K., Mercer, D., Merz, T., Meyer, C. A., Meyer, H., Meyer, J., Mikocki, S., Milstead, D., Moreau, F., Morris, J. V., Müller, G., Müller, K., Murín, P., Nagovizin, V., Nahnhauer, R., Naroska, B., Naumann, Th., Newman, P. R., Newton, D., Neyret, D., Nguyen, H. K., Niebergall, F., Niebuhr, C., Nisius, R., Nowak, G., Noyes, G. W., Nyberg-Werther, M., Oberlack, H., Obrock, U., Olsson, J. E., Panaro, E., Panitch, A., Pascaud, C., Patel, G. D., Peppel, E., Perez, E., Phillips, J. P., Pichler, Ch., Pitzl, D., Pope, G., Prell, S., Prosi, R., Rädel, G., Raupach, F., Reimer, P., Reinshagen, S., Ribarics, P., Riech, V., Riedlberger, J., Riess, S., Rietz, M., Robertson, S. M., Robmann, P., Roloff, H. E., Roosen, R., Rosenbauer, K., Rostovtsev, A., Rouse, F., Royon, C., Rüter, K., Rusakov, S., Rybicki, K., Rylko, R., Sahlmann, N., Sanchez, E., Sankey, D. P. C., Savitsky, M., Schacht, P., Schiek, S., Schleper, P., von Schlippe, W., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, D., Schmidt, G., Schöning, A., Schröder, V., Schuhmann, E., Schwab, B., Schwind, A., Seehausen, U., Sefkow, F., Seidel, M., Sell, R., Semenov, A., Shekelyan, V., Sheviakov, I., Shooshtari, H., Shtarkov, L. N., Siegmon, G., Siewert, U., Sirois, Y., Skillicorn, I. O., Smirnov, P., Smith, J. R., Soloviev, Y., Spitzer, H., Starosta, R., Steenbock, M., Steffen, P., Steinberg, R., Stella, B., Stephens, K., Stier, J., Stiewe, J., Stösslein, U., Strachota, J., Straumann, U., Struczinski, W., Sutton, J. P., Tapprogge, S., Taylor, R. E., Tchernyshov, V., Thiebaux, C., Thompson, G., Tichomirov, I., Truöl, P., Turnau, J., Tutas, J., Uelkes, P., Usik, A., Valkár, S., Valkárová, A., Vallée, C., Van Esch, P., Van Mechelen, P., Vartapetian, A., Vazdik, Y., Vecko, M., Verrecchia, P., Villet, G., Wacker, K., Wagener, A., Wagener, M., Walker, I. W., Walther, A., Weber, G., Weber, M., Wegener, D., Wegner, A., Wellisch, H. P., West, L. R., Willard, S., Winde, M., Winter, G. -G., Wright, A. E., Wünsch, E., Wulff, N., Yiou, T. P., Žáček, J., Zarbock, D., Zhang, Z., Zimmer, M., Zimmermann, W., Zomer, F., Zuber, K., and Hl Collaboration

Published
1994
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19. Energy flow and charged particle spectra in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

Abt, I., Ahmed, T., Andreev, V., Aid, S., Andrieu, B., Appuhn, R. -D., Arpagaus, M., Babaev, A., Bärwolff, H., Bán, J., Baranov, P., Barrelet, E., Bartel, W., Bassler, U., Beck, H. P., Behrend, H. -J., Belousov, A., Berger, Ch., Bergstein, H., Bernardi, G., Bernet, R., Bertrand-Coremans, G., Besançon, M., Biddulph, P., Binder, E., Bizot, J. C., Blobel, V., Borras, K., Bosetti, P. C., Boudry, V., Bourdarios, C., Braemer, A., Brasse, F., Braun, U., Braunschweig, W., Brisson, V., Bruncko, D., Büngener, L., Bürger, J., Büsser, F. W., Buniatian, A., Burke, S., Buschhorn, G., Campbell, A. J., Carli, T., Charles, F., Chyla, J., Clarke, D., Clegg, A. B., Colombo, M., Coughlan, J. A., Courau, A., Coutures, Ch., Cozzika, G., Criegee, L., Cvach, J., Dagoret, S., Dainton, J. B., Danilov, M., Dann, A. W. E., Dau, W. D., David, M., Deffur, E., Delcourt, B., Del Buono, L., Devel, M., De Roeck, A., Di Nezza, P., Dingus, P., Dollfus, C., Dowell, J. D., Dreis, H. B., Drescher, A., Duboc, J., Düllmann, D., Dünger, O., Duhm, H., Ebbinghaus, R., Eberle, M., Ebert, J., Ebert, T. R., Eckerlin, G., Efremenko, V., Egli, S., Ehrlichmann, H., Eichenberger, S., Eichler, R., Eisele, F., Eisenhandler, E., Ellis, N. N., Ellison, R. J., Elsen, E., Erdmann, M., Evrard, E., Favart, L., Fedotov, A., Feeken, D., Felst, R., Feltesse, J., Fensome, I. F., Ferencei, J., Ferrarotto, F., Flamm, K., Flauger, W., Fleischer, M., Flieser, M., Flügge, G., Fomenko, A., Fominykh, B., Forbush, M., Formánek, J., Foster, J. M., Franke, G., Fretwurst, E., Fuhrmann, P., Gabathuler, E., Gamerdinger, K., Garvey, J., Gayler, J., Gebauer, M., Gellrich, A., Gennis, M., Genzel, H., Gerhards, R., Godfrey, L., Goerlach, U., Goerlich, L., Gogitidze, N., Goldberg, M., Goldner, D., Goodall, A. M., Gorelov, I., Goritchev, P., Grab, C., Grässler, H., Grässler, R., Greenshaw, T., Greif, H., Grindhammer, G., Gruber, A., Gruber, C., Haack, J., Haidt, D., Hajduk, L., Hamon, O., Hampel, M., Hanlon, E. M., Hapke, M., Harjes, J., Haydar, R., Haynes, W. J., Heatherington, J., Hedberg, V., Heinzelmann, G., Henderson, R. C. W., Henschel, H., Herma, R., Herynek, I., Hildesheim, W., Hill, P., Hilton, C. D., Hladký, J., Hoeger, K. C., Höppner, M., Huet, Ph., Hufnagel, H., Huot, N., Ibbotson, M., Itterbeck, H., Jabiol, M. -A., Jacholkowska, A., Jacobsson, C., Jaffre, M., Jansen, T., Jönsson, L., Johannsen, K., Johnson, D. P., Johnson, L., Jung, H., Kalmus, P. I. P., Kant, D., Kazarian, S., Kaschowitz, R., Kasselmann, P., Kathage, U., Kaufmann, H. H., Kenyon, I. R., Kermiche, S., Keuker, C., Kiesling, C., Klein, M., Kleinwort, C., Knies, G., Ko, W., Köhler, T., Kolanoski, H., Kole, F., Kolya, S. D., Korbel, V., Korn, M., Kostka, P., Kotelnikov, S. K., Krasny, M. W., Krücker, D., Krüger, U., Kubenka, J. P., Küster, H., Kuhlen, M., Kurča, T., Kurzhöfer, J., Kuznik, B., Lacour, D., Lamarche, F., Lander, R., Landon, M. P. J., Lange, W., Langkau, R., Lanius, P., Laporte, J. F., Lebedev, A., Leuschner, A., Leverenz, C., Levonian, S., Lewin, D., Ley, Ch., Lindner, A., Lindström, G., Linsel, F., Lipinski, J., Loch, P., Lohmander, H., Lopez, G. C., Lüers, D., Lüke, D., Magnussen, N., Malinovski, E., Mani, S., Marage, P., Marks, J., Marshall, R., Martens, J., Martin, R., Martyn, H. -U., Martyniak, J., Masson, S., Mavroidis, A., Maxfield, S. J., McMahon, S. J., Mehta, A., Meier, K., Mercer, D., Merz, T., Meyer, C. A., Meyer, H., Meyer, J., Mikocki, S., Monnier, E., Moreau, F., Moreels, J., Morris, J. V., Müller, K., Murín, P., Murray, S. A., Nagovizin, V., Naroska, B., Naumann, Th., Newman, P. R., Newton, D., Neyret, D., Nguyen, H. K., Niebergall, F., Niebuhr, C., Nisius, R., Nowak, G., Noyes, G. W., Nyberg, M., Oberlack, H., Obrock, U., Olsson, J. E., Orenstein, S., Ould-Saada, F., Pascaud, C., Patel, G. D., Peppel, E., Peters, S., Phillips, H. T., Phillips, J. P., Pichler, Ch., Pilgram, W., Pitzl, D., Prell, S., Prosi, R., Rädel, G., Raupach, F., Rauschnabel, K., Reimer, P., Reinshagen, S., Ribarics, P., Riech, V., Riedlberger, J., Riess, S., Rietz, M., Robertson, S. M., Robmann, P., Roosen, R., Rosenbauer, K., Rostovtsev, A., Royon, C., Rudowicz, M., Ruffer, M., Rusakov, S., Rybicki, K., Sahlmann, N., Sanchez, E., Sankey, D. P. C., Savitsky, M., Schacht, P., Schleper, P., von Schlippe, W., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, D., Schmitz, W., Schöning, A., Schröder, V., Schuhmann, E., Schulz, M., Schwab, B., Schwind, A., Scobel, W., Seehausen, U., Sell, R., Semenov, A., Shekelyan, V., Sheviakov, I., Shooshtari, H., Shtarkov, L. N., Siegmon, G., Siewert, U., Sirois, Y., Skillicorn, I. O., Smirnov, P., Smith, J. R., Soloviev, Y., Spitzer, H., Steenbock, M., Steffen, P., Steinberg, R., Stella, B., Stephens, K., Stier, J., Stösslein, U., Strachota, J., Straumann, U., Struczinski, W., Sutton, J. P., Taylor, R. E., Tchernyshov, V., Thiebaux, C., Thompson, G., Tichomirov, I., Truöl, P., Turnau, J., Tutas, J., Urban, L., Usik, A., Valkar, S., Valkarova, A., Vallée, C., Van Esch, P., Vartapetian, A., Vazdik, Y., Vecko, M., Verrecchia, P., Vick, R., Villet, G., Vogel, E., Wacker, K., Walker, I. W., Walther, A., Weber, G., Wegener, D., Wegener, A., Wellisch, H. P., West, L. R., Willard, S., Winde, M., Winter, G. -G., Wolff, Th., Womersley, L. A., Wright, A. E., Wulff, N., Yiou, T. P., Žáček, J., Zeitnitz, C., Ziaeepour, H., Zimmer, M., Zimmermann, W., Zomer, F., and H1 Collaboration

Published
1994
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20. A measurement of multi-jet rates in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

Abt, I., Ahmed, T., Andreev, V., Andrieu, B., Appuhn, R. -D., Arpagaus, M., Babaev, A., Bärwolff, H., Bán, J., Baranov, P., Barrelet, E., Bartel, W., Bassler, U., Beck, H. P., Behrend, H. -J., Belousov, A., Berger, Ch., Bergstein, H., Bernardi, G., Bernet, R., Bertrand-Coremans, G., Besançon, M., Biddulph, P., Binder, E., Bischoff, A., Bizot, J. C., Blobel, V., Borras, K., Bosetti, P. C., Boudry, V., Bourdarios, C., Brasse, F., Braun, U., Braunschweig, W., Brisson, V., Bruncko, D., Büngener, L., Bürger, J., Büsser, F. W., Buniatian, A., Burke, S., Buschhorn, G., Campbell, A. J., Carli, T., Charles, F., Clarke, D., Clegg, A. B., Colombo, M., Coughlan, J. A., Courau, A., Coutures, Ch., Cozzika, G., Criegee, L., Cvach, J., Dagoret, S., Dainton, J. B., Danilov, M., Dann, A. W. E., Dau, W. D., David, M., Deffur, E., Delcourt, B., Del Buono, L., Devel, M., De Roeck, A., Dingus, P., Dollfus, C., Dowell, J. D., Dreis, H. B., Drescher, A., Duboc, J., Düllmann, D., Dünger, O., Duhm, H., Ebbinghaus, R., Eberle, M., Ebert, J., Ebert, T. R., Eckerlin, G., Efremenko, V., Egli, S., Eichenberger, S., Eichler, R., Eisele, F., Eisenhandler, E., Ellis, N. N., Ellison, R. J., Elsen, E., Erdmann, M., Evrard, E., Favart, L., Fedotov, A., Feeken, D., Felst, R., Feltesse, J., Fensome, I. F., Ferencei, J., Ferrarotto, F., Flamm, K., Flauger, W., Fleischer, M., Flieser, M., Flügge, G., Fomenko, A., Fominykh, B., Forbush, M., Formánek, J., Foster, J. M., Franke, G., Fretwurst, E., Fuhrmann, P., Gabathuler, E., Gamerdinger, K., Garvey, J., Gayler, J., Gellrich, A., Gennis, M., Genzel, H., Gerhards, R., Godfrey, L., Goerlach, U., Goerlich, L., Gogitidze, N., Goldberg, M., Goodall, A. M., Gorelov, I., Goritchev, P., Grab, C., Grässler, H., Grässler, R., Greenshaw, T., Greif, H., Grindhammer, G., Gruber, C., Haack, J., Haidt, D., Hajduk, L., Hamon, O., Handschuh, D., Hanlon, E. M., Hapke, M., Harjes, J., Haydar, R., Haynes, W. J., Heatherington, J., Hedberg, V., Heinzelmann, G., Henderson, R. C. W., Henschel, H., Herma, R., Herynek, I., Hildesheim, W., Hill, P., Hilton, C. D., Hladký, J., Hoeger, K. C., Huet, Ph., Hufnagel, H., Huot, N., Ibbotson, M., Itterbeck, H., Jabiol, M. -A., Jacholkowska, A., Jacobsson, C., Jaffre, M., Jansen, T., Jönsson, L., Johannsen, K., Johnson, D. P., Johnson, L., Jung, H., Kalmus, P. I. P., Kasarian, S., Kaschowitz, R., Kasselmann, P., Kathage, U., Kaufmann, H. H., Kenyon, I. R., Kermiche, S., Keuker, C., Kiesling, C., Klein, M., Kleinwort, C., Knies, G., Ko, W., Köhler, T., Kolanoski, H., Kole, F., Kolya, S. D., Korbel, V., Korn, M., Kostka, P., Kotelnikov, S. K., Krasny, M. W., Krehbiel, H., Krücker, D., Krüger, U., Kubenka, J. P., Küster, H., Kuhlen, M., Kurča, T., Kurzhöfer, J., Kuznik, B., Lacour, D., Lamarche, F., Lander, R., Landon, M. P. J., Lange, W., Langkau, R., Lanius, P., Laporte, J. F., Lebedev, A., Leuschner, A., Leverenz, C., Levonian, S., Lewin, D., Ley, Ch., Lindner, A., Lindström, G., Linsel, F., Lipinski, J., Loch, P., Lohmander, H., Lopez, G. C., Lüers, D., Magnussen, N., Malinovski, E., Mani, S., Marage, P., Marks, J., Marshall, R., Martens, J., Martin, R., Martyn, H. -U., Martyniak, J., Masson, S., Mavroidis, A., Maxfield, S. J., McMahon, S. J., Mehta, A., Meier, K., Mercer, D., Merz, T., Meyer, C. A., Meyer, H., Meyer, J., Mikocki, S., Milone, V., Monnier, E., Moreau, F., Moreels, J., Morris, J. V., Müller, K., Murín, P., Murray, S. A., Nagovizin, V., Naroska, B., Naumann, Th., Newman, P. R., Newton, D., Neyret, D., Nguyen, H. K., Niebergall, F., Niebuhr, C., Nisius, R., Nowak, G., Noyes, G. W., Nyberg, M., Oberlack, H., Obrock, U., Olsson, J. E., Orenstein, S., Ould-Saada, F., Pascaud, C., Patel, G. D., Peppel, E., Peters, S., Phillips, H. T., Phillips, J. P., Pichler, Ch., Pilgram, W., Pitzl, D., Prell, S., Prosi, R., Rädel, G., Raupach, F., Rauschnabel, K., Reimer, P., Reinshagen, S., Ribarics, P., Riech, V., Riedlberger, J., Riess, S., Rietz, M., Robertson, S. M., Robmann, P., Roosen, R., Rostovtsev, A., Royon, C., Rudowicz, M., Ruffer, M., Rusakov, S., Rybicki, K., Sahlmann, N., Sanchez, E., Sankey, D. P. C., Savitsky, M., Schacht, P., Schleper, P., von Schlippe, W., Schmidt, C., Schmidt, D., Schmitz, W., Schöning, A., Schröder, V., Schulz, M., Schwab, B., Schwind, A., Scobel, W., Seehausen, U., Sell, R., Semenov, A., Shekelyan, V., Sheviakov, I., Shooshtari, H., Shtarkov, L. N., Siegmon, G., Siewert, U., Sirois, Y., Skillicorn, I. O., Smirnov, P., Smith, J. R., Smolik, L., Soloviev, Y., Spitzer, H., Staroba, P., Steenbock, M., Steffen, P., Steinberg, R., Stella, B., Stephens, K., Stier, J., Stösslein, U., Strachota, J., Straumann, U., Struczinski, W., Sutton, J. P., Taylor, R. E., Tchernyshov, V., Thiebaux, C., Thompson, G., Tichomirov, I., Truöl, P., Turnau, J., Tutas, J., Urban, L., Usik, A., Valkar, S., Valkarova, A., Vallée, C., Van Esch, P., Vartapetian, A., Vazdik, Y., Vecko, M., Verrecchia, P., Vick, R., Villet, G., Vogel, E., Wacker, K., Walker, I. W., Walther, A., Weber, G., Wegener, D., Wegner, A., Wellisch, H. P., West, L. R., Willard, S., Winde, M., Winter, G. -G., Wolff, Th., Womersley, L. A., Wright, A. E., Wulff, N., Yiou, T. P., Žáček, J., Závada, P., Zeitnitz, C., Ziaeepour, H., Zimmer, M., Zimmermann, W., Zomer, F., and H1 Collaboration

Published
1994
Full Text
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21. ANIMA: Association network integration for multiscale analysis [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Deffur, A, Wilkinson, R, Mayosi, B, Mulder, N, Wellcome Trust, and The Royal Society

Subjects
graph databases, complex networks, Transcriptomics, data integration
Abstract

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of data points on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publicly available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we describe ANIMA (association network integration for multiscale analysis), a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs. ANIMA is implemented in R and Neo4j and runs in Docker containers. In short, the build algorithm iterates over one or more transcriptomics datasets to generate a large, multipartite association network by executing multiple independent analytic steps (differential expression, deconvolution, modular analysis based on co-expression, pathway analysis) and integrating the results. Once the network is built, it can be queried directly using Cypher (a graph query language), or by custom functions that communicate with the graph database via language-specific APIs. We developed a web application using Shiny, which provides fully interactive, multiscale views of the data. Using our approach, we show that we can reconstruct multiple features of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behaviour in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well in meta-analyses of multiple datasets.

Published
2018

22. ANIMA: Association network integration for multiscale analysis [version 1; referees: 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Deffur, A, Wilkinson, RJ, Mayosi, BM, Mulder, N, Wellcome Trust, and The Royal Society

Abstract

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of data points on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publically available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we describe ANIMA (association network integration for multiscale analysis), a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs. ANIMA is implemented in R and Neo4j and runs in Docker containers. In short, the build algorithm iterates over one or more transcriptomics datasets to generate a large, multipartite association network by executing multiple independent analytic steps (differential expression, deconvolution, modular analysis based on co-expression, pathway analysis) and integrating the results. Once the network is built, it can be queried directly using Cypher, or via custom functions that communicate with the graph database via language-specific APIs. We developed a web application using Shiny, which provides fully interactive, multiscale views of the data. Using our approach, we show that we can reconstruct multiple features of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behaviour in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well as in a meta-analysis of multiple datasets.

Published
2018

23. REVISEDANIMA: Association network integration for multiscale analysis [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]

Author

Deffur, A, Wilkinson, R, Mayosi, B, Mulder, N, Wellcome Trust, and The Royal Society

Abstract

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of data points on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publicly available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we describe ANIMA (association network integration for multiscale analysis), a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs. ANIMA is implemented in R and Neo4j and runs in Docker containers. In short, the build algorithm iterates over one or more transcriptomics datasets to generate a large, multipartite association network by executing multiple independent analytic steps (differential expression, deconvolution, modular analysis based on co-expression, pathway analysis) and integrating the results. Once the network is built, it can be queried directly using Cypher (a graph query language), or by custom functions that communicate with the graph database via language-specific APIs. We developed a web application using Shiny, which provides fully interactive, multiscale views of the data. Using our approach, we show that we can reconstruct multiple features of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behaviour in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well in meta-analyses of multiple datasets.

Published
2018

24. Tuberculous meningitis in children is characterized by compartmentalized immune responses and neural excitotoxicity

Author

Rohlwink, Ursula K., primary, Figaji, Anthony, additional, Wilkinson, Katalin A., additional, Horswell, Stuart, additional, Sesay, Abdul K., additional, Deffur, Armin, additional, Enslin, Nico, additional, Solomons, Regan, additional, Van Toorn, Ronald, additional, Eley, Brian, additional, Levin, Michael, additional, Wilkinson, Robert J., additional, and Lai, Rachel P. J., additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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25. ANIMA: Association Network Integration for Multiscale Analysis

Author

Deffur, A, Wilkinson, R, Mayosi, B, Mulder, N, Wellcome Trust, and The Royal Society

Abstract

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of datapoints on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publically available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we show, using a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs, that we can reconstruct multiple features (or endophenotypes) of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behavior in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well as in a meta-analysis of multiple datasets.

Published
2018

26. Cytotoxic Mediators in Paradoxical HIV–Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Author

Naomi F. Walker, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Robert J. Wilkinson, Gurdyal S. Besra, Rebecca Tadokera, Keira H. Skolimowska, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Mark P. Nicol, Armin Deffur, Kerryn Matthews, Gary Maartens, Graeme Meintjes, and Ronnett Seldon

Subjects
Adult, Male, Infectious Disease and Host Response, Immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, HIV Infections, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Granzymes, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Humans, Tuberculosis, Interferon gamma, Longitudinal Studies, 030304 developmental biology, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 0303 health sciences, biology, Coinfection, Perforin, ELISPOT, hemic and immune systems, medicine.disease, Flow Cytometry, 3. Good health, Granzyme B, Cross-Sectional Studies, Granzyme, biology.protein, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Female, 030215 immunology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) frequently complicates combined antiretroviral therapy and antituberculosis therapy in HIV-1–coinfected tuberculosis patients. The immunopathological mechanisms underlying TB-IRIS are incompletely defined, and improved understanding is required to derive new treatments and to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. We performed longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of human PBMCs from paradoxical TB-IRIS patients and non-IRIS controls (HIV-TB–coinfected patients commencing antiretroviral therapy who did not develop TB-IRIS). Freshly isolated PBMC stimulated with heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (hkH37Rv) were used for IFN-γ ELISPOT and RNA extraction. Stored RNA was used for microarray and RT-PCR, whereas corresponding stored culture supernatants were used for ELISA. Stored PBMC were used for perforin and granzyme B ELISPOT and flow cytometry. There were significantly increased IFN-γ responses to hkH37Rv in TB-IRIS, compared with non-IRIS PBMC (p = 0.035). Microarray analysis of hkH37Rv-stimulated PBMC indicated that perforin 1 was the most significantly upregulated gene, with granzyme B among the top five (log2 fold difference 3.587 and 2.828, respectively), in TB-IRIS. Downstream experiments using RT-PCR, ELISA, and ELISPOT confirmed the increased expression and secretion of perforin and granzyme B. Moreover, granzyme B secretion reduced in PBMC from TB-IRIS patients during corticosteroid treatment. Invariant NKT cell (CD3+Vα24+) proportions were higher in TB-IRIS patients (p = 0.004) and were a source of perforin. Our data implicate the granule exocytosis pathway in TB-IRIS pathophysiology. Further understanding of the immunopathogenesis of this condition will facilitate development of specific diagnostic and improved therapeutic options.

Published
2015

27. ANIMA: Association network integration for multiscale analysis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Author

Deffur, A, Wilkinson, R, Mayosi, B, and Mulder, N

Abstract

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of data points on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publically available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we describe ANIMA (association network integration for multiscale analysis), a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs. ANIMA is implemented in R and Neo4j and runs in Docker containers. In short, the build algorithm iterates over one or more transcriptomics datasets to generate a large, multipartite association network by executing multiple independent analytic steps (differential expression, deconvolution, modular analysis based on co-expression, pathway analysis) and integrating the results. Once the network is built, it can be queried directly using Cypher, or via custom functions that communicate with the graph database via language-specific APIs. We developed a web application using Shiny, which provides fully interactive, multiscale views of the data. Using our approach, we show that we can reconstruct multiple features of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behaviour in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well as in a meta-analysis of multiple datasets.

Published
2017

29. HIV-1 infection alters CD4+memory T-cell phenotype at the site of disease in extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Author

Katalin A. Wilkinson, Mpiko Ntsekhe, James R Russell, Armin Deffur, Bongani M. Mayosi, Robert J. Wilkinson, Kerryn Matthews, Thomas J. Scriba, Faisal F. Syed, Willem A. Hanekom, and Kemi Tibazarwa

Subjects
0303 health sciences, biology, ELISPOT, Extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Immunology, Pericardial fluid, Disease, biology.organism_classification, Phenotype, Virology, 3. Good health, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Immunology and Allergy, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, 030304 developmental biology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

HIV-1-infected people have an increased risk of developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the immunopathogenesis of which is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a detailed immunological analysis of human pericardial TB, to determine the effect of HIV-1 co-infection on the phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific memory T cells and the role of polyfunctional T cells at the disease site, using cells from pericardial fluid and blood of 74 patients with (n=50) and without (n=24) HIV-1 co-infection. The MTB antigen-induced IFN-γ response was elevated at the disease site, irrespective of HIV-1 status or antigenic stimulant. However, the IFN-γ ELISpot showed no clear evidence of increased numbers of antigen-specific cells at the disease site except for ESAT-6 in HIV-1 uninfected individuals (p=0.009). Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD4+ memory T cells in the pericardial fluid of HIV-1-infected patients were of a less differentiated phenotype, with the presence of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells expressing TNF, IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that HIV-1 infection results in altered phenotype and function of MTB-specific CD4+ T cells at the disease site, which may contribute to the increased risk of developing TB at all stages of HIV-1 infection.

Published
2011
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30. HIV-1 infection alters CD4+ memory T-cell phenotype at the site of disease in extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Author

Matthews, K, Ntsekhe, M, Syed, F, Scriba, T, Russell, J, Tibazarwa, K, Deffur, A, Hanekom, W, Mayosi, BM, Wilkinson, RJ, and Wilkinson, KA

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, Immunity to Infection, HIV Infections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Middle Aged, Flow Cytometry, CD4+ T cells, Pericardial Effusion, Statistics, Nonparametric, Interferon-gamma, Young Adult, Phenotype, HIV-1, Pericarditis, Humans, RNA, Viral, Tuberculosis, Female, Immunologic Memory, Aged
Abstract

HIV-1-infected people have an increased risk of developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the immunopathogenesis of which is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a detailed immunological analysis of human pericardial TB, to determine the effect of HIV-1 co-infection on the phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific memory T cells and the role of polyfunctional T cells at the disease site, using cells from pericardial fluid and blood of 74 patients with (n = 50) and without (n = 24) HIV-1 co-infection. The MTB antigen-induced IFN-γ response was elevated at the disease site, irrespective of HIV-1 status or antigenic stimulant. However, the IFN-γ ELISpot showed no clear evidence of increased numbers of antigen-specific cells at the disease site except for ESAT-6 in HIV-1 uninfected individuals (p = 0.009). Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD4+ memory T cells in the pericardial fluid of HIV-1-infected patients were of a less differentiated phenotype, with the presence of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells expressing TNF, IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that HIV-1 infection results in altered phenotype and function of MTB-specific CD4+ T cells at the disease site, which may contribute to the increased risk of developing TB at all stages of HIV-1 infection.

Published
2011

31. The reliability of chest radiographs in predicting left atrial enlargement

Author

Armin Deffur, Paul Rheeder, S.J. Quinton, and James A. Ker

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Supine position, Adolescent, Radiography, Concordance, Cardiomegaly, sub-angle distance, Logistic regression, Young Adult, Left atrial enlargement, medicine, Humans, Heart Atria, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Ultrasonography, chest radiograph, Aged, 80 and over, Models, Statistical, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cardiovascular Topics, Ultrasound, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cross-Sectional Studies, Logistic Models, ROC Curve, Quartile, sub-carinal angle, Female, left atrial size, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Nuclear medicine, Chest radiograph
Abstract

summary Introduction: Estimates of left atrial size in patients with suspected cardiac disease play an important role in predict- ing prognosis and events, as well as treatment decisions. Two methods are commonly used to estimate left atrial size: chest radiography and cardiac ultrasound. This study aims to determine the test characteristics by comparing the use of radiographs to cardiac ultrasound (the gold-standard test). Methods: Data from patients older than 18 years admitted to Steve Biko Academic Hospital during 2000-2003 who had both chest radiographs and cardiac ultrasound were included in this cross-sectional, retrospective analysis. Chest radiographs were classified into three quality classes, and the sub-carinal angle (SCA) and sub-angle distance (SAD) were measured twice in all available radiographs by two observers. Intra- and inter-observer variability (three meth- ods) as well as the predictive value of the carinal angle and sub-angle distance measurements were determined using logistic regression (with left atrial enlargement - determined by ultrasound as comparator). Results: Data for 159 patients were available (154 cardiac ultrasounds and 178 chest radiographs). Intra-observer variability for chest radiograph measurements was low with almost perfect concordance (p = 0.000). Inter-observer vari- ability was higher for supine radiographs. Using logistic regression, a linear model was identified which was statisti- cally significant only for erect radiographs. While goodness- of-fit analysis showed that the model fits the data, perform- ance characteristics were poor, with high sensitivity and low specificity, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.62-0.63, depending on type of radiograph and measurement (SCA or SAD). Linearity in the logit of the dependent variable was assessed, and found to be present at the extremes of SCA measurements for the supine radiograph data and in the first three quartiles for erect radiograph data. A non- linear model determined by fractional polynomial analysis did not perform significantly better than the original linear model. Cut-off values for the SCA of 72° and 84° (erect and supine radiographs, respectively) were found to give the best compromise between sensitivity and specificity. The corre- sponding cut-off values for SAD were 24.1 and 26.9 mm. Conclusion: Assessment of either SCA or SAD to determine left atrial size was equivalent and repeatable, both with the same observer and between two observers (less so for supine radiographs). While this measure was precise, it was found not to be very accurate. Therefore, chest radiographs are not reliable in predicting left atrial enlargement.

Published
2010
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32. Six host-range restricted poxviruses from three genera induce distinct gene expression profiles in an in vivo mouse model

Author

Robert J. Wilkinson, Kristy Offerman, Anna-Lise Williamson, Olivia Carulei, Armin Deffur, Nicola Douglass, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Faculty of Health Sciences

Subjects
Modified vaccinia Ankara, Micro-array, Bioinformatics, viruses, Genetic Vectors, HIV Infections, Canarypox virus, complex mixtures, Virus, Host Specificity, Mice, Antigen, Interferon, medicine, Genetics, LSDV, Animals, Humans, Poxviridae, 08 Information And Computing Sciences, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Vaccines, biology, Immunogenicity, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, 06 Biological Sciences, MVA, Avipoxviruses, biology.organism_classification, Avipoxvirus, Virology, 3. Good health, Up-Regulation, Poxvirus, Immunoglobulin G, HIV-1, Female, Interferons, Transcriptome, Vaccine, medicine.drug, Biotechnology, Research Article
Abstract

Background Host-range restricted poxviruses make promising vaccine vectors due to their safety profile and immunogenicity. An understanding of the host innate immune responses produced by different poxvirus vectors would aid in the assessment, selection and rational design of improved vaccines for human and veterinary applications. Novel avipoxviruses are being assessed to determine if they are different from other poxvirus vectors. Analysis of the transcriptome induced in a mouse model would aid in determining if there were significant differences between different poxvirus vectors which may reflect different adjuvant potential as well as establish if they should be further evaluated as vaccine vectors. Results We compared host transcript abundance in the spleens of BALB/c mice twenty four hours after intravenous infection (105 pfu/mouse) with six host-restricted poxvirus species from three genera, namely Lumpy Skin Disease virus (LSDV), Canarypox virus (CNPV), Fowlpox virus (FWPV), modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and two novel South African avipoxviruses, Feral Pigeonpox virus (FeP2) and Penguinpox virus (PEPV). These six viruses produced qualitatively and quantitatively distinct host responses with LSDV, followed by MVA, inducing the greatest interferon (IFN) response. FeP2 and PEPV caused very little change to host transcript abundance compared to the other 4 viruses tested. CNPV and FWPV induced the up regulation of two immunoglobulin genes (Ighg and Ighg3 (IgG3)) with CNPV inducing a third, Ighm (IgM). HIV-1–specific IgG3 antibodies have been correlated with decreased risk of HIV-1 infection in the RV144 trial, which included a CNPV-based vector (Yates et al. (Sci Transl Med, 6(228) p228, 2014). Up regulation of IgG3 by CNPV and FWPV but not the other poxviruses tested in vivo, implies that these two avipoxvirus-vector backbones may be involved in stimulation of the clinically important IgG3 antibody subclass. Differential transcript abundance associated with the different poxviruses is further discussed with particular emphasis on responses related to immune responses. Conclusion Six, genetically diverse host-restricted poxviruses produce different responses in a mouse model early after infection. These differences may affect the immune response induced to vaccine antigen in vectors based on these viruses. The two novel avipoxviruses were clearly distinguishable from the other viruses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1659-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2015

33. Tricks to translating TB transcriptomics

Author

Deffur, Armin, Wilkinson, Robert J, and Coussens, Anna K

Subjects
Model organisms, Human Biology & Physiology, Editorial, FOS: Clinical medicine, Immunology, Infectious Disease
Abstract

Transcriptomics and other high-throughput methods are increasingly applied to questions relating to tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Whole blood transcriptomics has repeatedly been applied to define correlates of TB risk and has produced new insight into the late stage of disease pathogenesis. In a novel approach, authors of a recently published study in Science Translational Medicine applied complex data analysis of existing TB transcriptomic datasets, and in vitro models, in an attempt to identify correlates of protection in TB, which are crucially required for the development of novel TB diagnostics and therapeutics to halt this global epidemic. Utilizing latent TB infection (LTBI) as a surrogate of protection, they identified IL-32 as a mediator of interferon gamma (IFNγ)-vitamin D dependent antimicrobial immunity and a marker of LTBI. Here, we provide a review of all TB whole-blood transcriptomic studies to date in the context of identifying correlates of protection, discuss potential pitfalls of combining complex analyses originating from such studies, the importance of detailed metadata to interpret differential patient classification algorithms, the effect of differing circulating cell populations between patient groups on the interpretation of resulting biomarkers and we decipher weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a recently developed systems biology tool which holds promise of identifying novel pathway interactions in disease pathogenesis. In conclusion, we propose the development of an integrated OMICS platform and open access to detailed metadata, in order for the TB research community to leverage the vast array of OMICS data being generated with the aim of unraveling the holy grail of TB research: correlates of protection.

Published
2015

34. HIV-tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is characterized by Toll-like receptor and inflammasome signalling

Author

Armin Deffur, Charlotte Schutz, Jacques Banchereau, Anne O'Garra, Robert J. Wilkinson, Suzaan Marais, Christine M. Graham, Graeme Meintjes, Chloe I Bloom, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Gary Maartens, Indira Munagala, Damien Chaussabel, Helen van der Plas, Esperanza Anguiano, Rachel P. J. Lai, Rene Goliath, and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
Male, Inflammasomes, General Physics and Astronomy, HIV Infections, urologic and male genital diseases, NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME, ACTIVATION, 0302 clinical medicine, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, 030212 general & internal medicine, MACROPHAGES, Receptors, Immunologic, Caspase, 0303 health sciences, Toll-like receptor, INFECTED PATIENTS, Multidisciplinary, Membrane Glycoproteins, biology, Caspase 1, Toll-Like Receptors, Interleukin, Inflammasome, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Caspases, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Cytokines, Female, MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS, Inflammation Mediators, medicine.drug, Adult, INNATE, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, medicine, Humans, Tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Innate immune system, Science & Technology, INTERFERON-GAMMA, urogenital system, Gene Expression Profiling, Receptors, Interleukin-1, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, Immunity, Innate, Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1, Immunology, biology.protein, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, RESPONSES, Interleukin-1
Abstract

Patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) may develop immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). No biomarkers for TB-IRIS have been identified and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we perform transcriptomic profiling of the blood samples of patients with HIV-associated TB. We identify differentially abundant transcripts as early as week 0.5 post ART initiation that predict downstream activation of proinflammatory cytokines in patients who progress to TB-IRIS. At the characteristic time of TB-IRIS onset (week 2), the signature is characterized by over-representation of innate immune mediators including TLR signalling and TREM-1 activation of the inflammasome. In keeping with the transcriptional data, concentrations of plasma cytokines and caspase-1/5 are elevated in TB-IRIS. Inhibition of MyD88 adaptor and group 1 caspases reduces secretion of cytokines including IL-1 in TB-IRIS patients. These data provide insight on the pathogenesis of TB-IRIS and may assist the development of specific therapies., Some patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis develop an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in response to antiretroviral therapy. Here the authors identify genes differentially expressed in patients likely to progress to TB-IRIS and find activation of Toll-like receptor and inflammasome pathways.

Published
2015

35. Neutrophil-Associated Central Nervous System Inflammation in Tuberculous Meningitis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

Author

Dominique J. Pepper, Suzaan Marais, Zahiera Ismail, Armin Deffur, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Maia Lesosky, Charlotte Schutz, Robert J. Wilkinson, Graeme Meintjes, and Anna K. Coussens

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microbiology (medical), Chemokine, Tuberculosis, Neutrophils, antiretroviral therapy, HIV Infections, Inflammation, urologic and male genital diseases, Tuberculous meningitis, Leukocyte Count, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, Antigen, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, urogenital system, Lumbar puncture, business.industry, fungi, HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, tuberculosis, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Tuberculosis, Meningeal, Immunology, biology.protein, HIV/AIDS, Cytokines, Female, medicine.symptom, therapy-complications, business
Abstract

Tuberculous meningitis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TBM-IRIS) is characterized by severe, compartmentalized cerebral inflammation, involving mediators of innate and adaptive immune responses. A high baseline cerebrospinal fluid bacillary load predisposes to recurrent inflammation during antiretroviral therapy, manifesting as TBM-IRIS., Background. The immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) remains incompletely understood, and we know of only 1 disease site-specific study of the underlying immunology; we recently showed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positivity and increased neutrophils in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are associated with TBM-IRIS. In this study we investigated inflammatory mediators at the disease site in patients with TBM-IRIS. Methods. We performed lumbar puncture at 3–5 time points in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients with TBM (n = 34), including at TBM diagnosis, at initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (day 14), 14 days after ART initiation, at presentation of TBM-IRIS, and 14 days thereafter. We determined the concentrations of 40 mediators in CSF (33 paired with blood) with Luminex or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Findings were compared between patients who developed TBM-IRIS (n = 16) and those who did not (TBM-non-IRIS; n = 18). Results. At TBM diagnosis and 2 weeks after ART initiation, TBM-IRIS was associated with severe, compartmentalized inflammation in the CSF, with elevated concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, neutrophil-associated mediators, and matrix metalloproteinases, compared with TBM-non-IRIS. Patients with TBM-non-IRIS whose CSF cultures were positive for M. tuberculosis at TBM diagnosis (n = 6) showed inflammatory responses similar to those seen in patients with TBM-IRIS at both time points. However, at 2 weeks after ART initiation, S100A8/A9 was significantly increased in patients with TBM-IRIS, compared with patients with TBM-non-IRIS whose cultures were positive at baseline. Conclusions. A high baseline M. tuberculosis antigen load drives an inflammatory response that manifests clinically as TBM-IRIS in most, but not all, patients with TBM. Neutrophils and their mediators, especially S100A8/A9, are closely associated with the central nervous system inflammation that characterizes TBM-IRIS.

Published
2014

36. Improved quantification of aggregated bacteria by combined enzymatic and mechanical treatment of flocs and biofilm from a rotating drum bioreactor

Author

Antonette Uelker-Deffur and Nazir Salhani

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Denitrification, biology, Ecological Modeling, Sonication, Biofilm, Cellulase, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Microbiology, Extracellular polymeric substance, Bioreactor, biology.protein, Biophysics, Homogenizer, Waste Management and Disposal, Bacteria, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

For estimates by plate counts of cell numbers of aggregated bacteria growing in a rotating drum bioreactor (RBR) used to examine biological nitrate elimination (denitrification) it was necessary to develop or to improve treatment methods for the disaggregation of bacterial flocs and biofilm into individual cells. In order to propagate and identify single strains (1) conventional mechanical methods and (2) a combination of enzymatic and mechanical methods were tested. Ultrasonic treatment of bacterial flocs at 50 W for 120 sec yielded the highest number of colony-forming units (CFU) as determined by plate counts. Cellulase pre-treatment of bacterial aggregates or biofilms consisting mainly of pseudomonads was used to loosen the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which are responsible for the stability of these bacterial aggregates. Subsequent mechanical treatment led to substantially improved disaggregation without significant impairment or disrupture of cells. For the detachment of bacterial biofilm growth on the packing material, ultrasonication was used for post-treatment, whereas an ultra-turrax homogenizer was sufficient for disaggregation of the bacterial flocs.

Published
1998
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37. Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus: an overview and motivation for systems approaches

Author

Armin Deffur, Nicola Mulder, and Robert J. Wilkinson

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Tuberculosis, Systems biology, HIV Infections, Disease, Computational biology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Host-pathogen interface, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Coinfection, Systems Biology, General Medicine, Systems approaches, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Immunology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, HIV-1
Abstract

Tuberculosis is a devastating disease that accounts for a high proportion of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide. HIV-1 co-infection exacerbates tuberculosis. Enhanced understanding of the host–pathogen relationship in HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection is required. While reductionist approaches have yielded many valuable insights into disease pathogenesis, systems approaches are required that develop data-driven models able to predict emergent properties of this complex co-infection system in order to develop novel therapeutic approaches and to improve diagnostics. Here, we provide a pathogenesis-focused overview of HIV–TB co-infection followed by an introduction to systems approaches and concrete examples of how such approaches are useful.

Published
2013

38. The transciptomic landscape of HIV-TB

Author

Deffur, Armin, Mulder, Nicola, Wilkinson, Robert J, and Mayosi, Bongani M

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Includes abstract., Includes bibliographical references., The thesis consists of four main parts. In Part 1 of this thesis I provide a broad overview of HIVTB with an emphasis on systems approaches followed by an overview of a systems-level study aiming at addressing hypotheses relating to transcriptional differences in active tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection, measured in blood and the site of disease in tuberculous pericarditis. The final chapter in this part describes the methods used to generate and analyse the systems-level data, with emphasis on microarray data generation and analysis. Part 2 first presents analysis of transcriptional data generated by RT-PCR at the site of disease compared to blood in study subjects with tuberculous pericarditis, with results showing clear evidence of transcriptional differences between compartments. A Technical Results chapter then provides an overview of the microarray data, and an analytic paradigm based on sample embedding in high-dimensional phenotype space is developed. I then assess the overall quality of the dataset and exclude large-scale systematic bias, while comparison of the IMPI-MA data to exiting TBtranscriptomic data shows a close match. Part 2 concludes with a description of a comprehensive analytic framework developed for the IMPI-MA data. Part 3 presents the results of the analytic pipeline as applied to the transcriptional response in blood to active tuberculosis in an HIV-1 uninfected population. A signature of active tuberculosis is described, and deconvolution analysis finds significant NK cell activation in active tuberculosis. Cell-type specific differential expression identifies CD4 T cells, NK cells and neutrophils as the most likely contributors to the overall “signature” of active tuberculosis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals multiple modules, whose expression is shown to be differentially regulated based on disease category. Part 4 summarises the results of analysing contrasts in three main contexts: tuberculosis, HIV-1 infection and compartment. Two novel results are presented: Firstly, NK cells are shown to be functionally downregulated at the site of disease, suggesting a possible defence mechanism by M. tuberculosis, and secondly, large-scale metabolic pathway dysregulation at the site of disease, possibly favouring M. tuberculosis, is demonstrated. Part 5 concludes the thesis with a summary and outlines future work.

Published
2013

39. A search for heavy leptons at HERA

Author

Peter Robmann, S. Aid, P. E. Reimer, J. Duboc, B. Stella, G. Müller, E. M. Hanlon, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, L. R. West, V. Korbel, K. Rüter, C. Niebuhr, R. D. Appuhn, H. Krehbiel, A. Gellrich, F. Lamarche, G. G. Winter, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, Hermann Kolanoski, P. Steffen, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, Horst Oberlack, K. Rosenbauer, M. Vecko, P. R. Newman, J. Riedlberger, D. Mercer, G. Buschhorn, S. M. Robertson, R. L. Lander, S. Levonian, S. Masson, M. Colombo, D. Goldner, Y. Soloviev, Mikhail Danilov, F. Charles, M. F. Hess, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, G. Lindström, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, R. Roosen, C. Gruber, H. P. Wellisch, Max Weber, J. Turnau, T. Jansen, M. Steenbock, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, J. Martyniak, G. Thompson, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, A. Courau, B. Andrieu, T. Carli, K. Flamm, Christophe Royon, R. Nisius, Benno List, A. Buniatian, K. C. Hoeger, C. A. Meyer, G. Grindhammer, G. Rädel, D. Lüke, E. Wünsch, B. Fominykh, P. I. P. Kalmus, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, R. Kaschowitz, W. Hildesheim, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, V. Riech, I. Sheviakov, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, Ph. Huet, S. Riess, A. Gruber, I. W. Walker, A. Braemer, K. Rybicki, H. Itterbeck, P. Van Mechelen, M. Hapke, D. Düllmann, H. Henschel, D. Kant, Ch. Pichler, P. Hill, J. Bán, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, Emmanuelle Perez, Christoph Grab, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, M. Goldberg, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, O. Dünger, M. Korn, Winston Ko, Dave Sankey, G. Siegmon, Jean-Arcady Meyer, R. Nahnhauer, E. Barrelet, U. Krüger, F. Botterweck, K. Daum, C. Pascaud, P. Loch, R. Gerhards, G. Weber, U. Straumann, David Cussans, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. Martens, Daniel Johnson, Vincent Hedberg, Frank Raupach, G. Knies, Armen Vartapetian, J. D. Dowell, R. J. Ellison, R. Marshall, Guenter Eckerlin, G. Cozzika, Dirk Krücker, L. N. Shtarkov, G. D. Patel, André Schöning, F. Kole, S. Schiek, F. Eisele, A. Jacholkowska, P. Verrecchia, J. R. Smith, S. Dagoret, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, F. Linsel, A. Wegener, L. Goerlich, A. Panitch, Martin Erdmann, S. D. Kolya, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, V. Schröder, R. Herma, Karlheinz Meier, J. Heatherington, J. Haack, Stefan Valkar, U. Obrock, Wolfgang Lange, E. Eisenhandler, Gregorio Bernardi, F. Niebergall, K. H. Hiller, Eckhart Fretwurst, I. O. Skillicorn, H. H. Kaufmann, H. B. Dreis, Eckhard Elsen, F. Brasse, R. C. W. Henderson, D. Newton, J. Gayler, R. Maraček, Anton Babaev, V. Efremenko, J. Ferencei, Steve McMahon, C. Thiebaux, S. Eichenberger, V I. Shekelyan, A. Walther, N. Wulff, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Prosi, L. Büngener, Hannes Jung, W. von Schlippe, T. Merz, U. Krüner-Marquis, P. Lanius, C. Vallée, E. Sanchez, W. Zimmermann, I. Tichomirov, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, I. Herynek, J. Baehr, N. Magnussen, S. Mikocki, David Schmidt, J. Strachota, Markus Seidel, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tapprogge, W.D. Dau, N. Sahlmann, E. Evrard, P. Kasselmann, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, K. Gabathuler, A. Lebedev, Grzegorz Nowak, S. Egli, J. B. Dainton, C. Jacobsson, P. Biddulph, M. Fleischer, K. Johanssen, M. A. Jabiol, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, H. Hufnagel, J. Feltesse, U. Bassler, M. Ibbotson, G. Bertrand-Coremans, R. Starosta, Daniel Pitzl, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, U. Seehausen, R. Eichler, F. Sefkow, P. Ribarics, G. Heinzelmann, C.D. Hilton, L. Criegee, B. Delcourt, M. Höppner, R. Felst, J.G. Contreras, J. P. Kubenka, U. Kathage, U. Stösslein, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, Laurent Favart, S. Prell, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, J. Formánek, M. Gebauer, C. Dollfus, J. Garvey, R. Buchholz, C. Leverenz, David Milstead, V. Brisson, G. W. Noyes, A. M. Fomenko, P. A. Smirnov, O. Hamon, H. Küster, H. Shooshtari, F. Rouse, P. Baranov, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, Didier Lacour, G. Pope, Peter Schleper, Ulrich Goerlach, Dusan Bruncko, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, Marc Besancon, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, H. Genzel, W. Bartel, T. Greenshaw, C. Schmidt, J.P. Phillips, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, Rosario Martín, P. Van Esch, Stephen Maxfield, A. Lindner, J. Janoth, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, J. Stiewe, F. W. Büsser, Volker Blobel, P. Goritchev, C. Keuker, W. Braunschweig, K. Gamerdinger, A. B. Clegg, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, R. Sell, D. Neyret, T. Mavroidis, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, L. Del Buono, V. Andreev, M. Zimmer, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, H. Ehrlichmann, Yves Sirois, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, Zhen Zhang, J. Žáček, J. Ebert, J. M. Foster, S. Mani, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, A. Usik, M. Savitsky, K. Zuber, J. Cvach, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, P. Kostka, Ch. Ley, M. David, S. Reinshagen, A. Wagener, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, M. Flieser, J. Stier, M. Arpagaus, Y. Vazdik, M. Nyberg-Werther, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, Richard E. Taylor, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, T. Kurča, S. Willard, I. R. Kenyon, H. Spitzer, M. Winde, R. Bernet, P. Uelkes, L. Johnson, H. E. Roloff, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Lohmander, and D. Feeken

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Branching fraction, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HERA, Massless particle, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, W and Z bosons, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

A search for direct production of new leptons in the mass range from 10 GeV up to 225 GeV is presented by the H1 experiment at HERA. The data were obtained during 1993 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 528 nb −1 . The search includes heavy lepton decays to final states e ( ν ) γ and e ( ν ) W , e ( ν ) Z with the subsequent decay of the W and Z bosons into jets or lepton pairs. No evidence was found for the production of new massive electrons or neutrinos in any of the decay channels. Rejection limits for excited electrons and neutrinos are derived.

Published
1994
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40. Inclusive charged particle cross sections in photoproduction at HERA

Author

T. Jansen, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, I. Tichomirov, G. Rädel, L. Criegee, H. Hufnagel, S. Kermiche, J. Formánek, R. D. Appuhn, M. Hampel, Ph. Huet, C.D. Hilton, M. Gebauer, J. Garvey, Ch. Pichler, A. M. Fomenko, I. R. Kenyon, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Gennis, R. C. W. Henderson, S. Levonian, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, H. Spitzer, P. Baranov, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, Peter Schleper, G. Grindhammer, C. Bourdarios, R. Prosi, A. Buniatian, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Dusan Bruncko, K. Flamm, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. Mavroidis, P. Goritchev, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, W. Flauger, D. Pitzl, R. Roosen, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, Grzegorz Nowak, J. Martyniak, C. Jacobsson, B. Fominykh, Emmanuel Monnier, Eckhart Fretwurst, Fabian Zomer, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, K. Gamerdinger, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, H. Genzel, J. Martens, P. I. P. Kalmus, Michel Devel, J. M. Foster, V. Efremenko, Peter Loch, D. Kant, P. Dingus, W. von Schlippe, K. Johannsen, Kerstin Borras, Didier Lacour, T. Merz, R. J. Ellison, G. Cozzika, J. Hladký, A. Braemer, T. Greenshaw, G. Siegmon, J. Feltesse, J. Ebert, F. Eisele, S. Mikocki, C. A. Meyer, J.P. Phillips, W. Pilgram, Christophe Royon, A. Semenov, K. C. Hoeger, J. Žáček, Steve McMahon, U. Kathage, M. Savitsky, A. Gruber, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, J. Haack, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, F. Moreau, J. D. Dowell, A. Jacholkowska, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, Leith Godfrey, W. Schmitz, V. Brisson, S. Aid, F. Charles, R. Taylor, P. Van Esch, H. Greif, P. Robmann, P. Fuhrmann, N. Magnussen, M. Goldberg, Max Klein, V. Boudry, H. Duhm, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, C. Niebuhr, Anton Babaev, M. Rudowicz, J. Marks, S. D. Kolya, S. Mani, L. N. Shtarkov, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, Hannes Jung, Mario David, Claus Kleinwort, F. Brasse, J. Turnau, J. Cvach, L. Goerlich, A. Drescher, I. Abt, T. P. Yiou, Stephen Burke, L. R. West, U. Bassler, I.F. Fensome, Winston Ko, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, D. Feeken, D. Goldner, P. Kostka, Leif J. Jönsson, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, R. Nisius, André Schöning, C. Vallée, M. Steenbock, A. Lindner, S. J. Maxfiedl, Y. Soloviev, I. Sheviakov, A. Usik, E. Barrelet, A. M. Goodall, Volker Blobel, Ch. Berger, R. Eichler, C. Keuker, H. Lohmander, P. A. Smirnov, U. Krüger, E. Evrard, W. Hildesheim, P. R. Newman, B. Andrieu, A. Gellrich, V. Riech, Karlheinz Meier, P. Ribarics, V. Andreev, G. Villet, R. Felst, Pierre Marage, L. Büngener, D. Mercer, F. Lamarche, B. Schwab, M. Eberle, W. Lange, S. Willard, Roland Bernet, J. R. Smith, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, I. W. Walker, R. Herma, Hermann Kolanoski, S. Dagoret, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, J. Moreels, K. Rybicki, D. Clarke, A. Courau, M. Ibbotson, M. Vecko, T. R. Ebert, John A Coughlan, M. Winde, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, L. Johnson, H. Ehrlichmann, E. Eisenhandler, M. Hapke, S. Masson, R. Langkau, Horst Oberlack, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, B. Delcourt, R. Sell, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, S. Reinshagen, U. Stösslein, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, F. Kole, N. Sahlmann, C. Kiesling, Armen Vartapetian, E. Schuhmann, A. De Roeck, P. C. Bosetti, C. Leverenz, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, A. Rostovtsev, M. Arpagaus, P. Biddulph, R. Ebbinghaus, M. Zimmer, J. Lipinski, Jean-Francois Laporte, Ulrich Goerlach, L. Urban, G. Franke, M. A. Jabiol, B. Kuznik, T. Kurča, R. L. Lander, M. Ruffer, K. Rosenbauer, M. Flieser, S. Orenstein, G. Bertrand-Coremans, H. Bärwolff, S. Eichenberger, Frank Raupach, J. Stier, R. Kaschowitz, Y. Vazdik, Y. Sirois, Jean-Arcady Meyer, M. Jaffré, H. Meyer, N. Wulff, A. Valkárová, P. Kasselmann, G. Thompson, A. Wegner, M. Colombo, M. Fleischer, S. Riess, H. Ziaeepour, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, D. Düllmann, Hans Peter Beck, R. Gerhards, P. Hill, A. W. E. Dann, J. P. Kubenka, H. Henschel, J. Bán, Ch. Ley, U. Seehausen, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, D. Lüers, Murrough Landon, N. Huot, G. W. Noyes, P. Verrecchia, A. E. Wright, K. Müller, P. E. Reimer, H. Shooshtari, V. Schröder, J. Riedlberger, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, D. Neyret, Nicolas Ellis, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, O. Hamon, G. G. Winter, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, P. Steffen, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, H. P. Wellisch, T. Carli, V. Korbel, F. Linsel, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, H. U. Martyn, F. Ould-Saada, M. Höppner, S. Prell, S. A. Murray, J. Chyla, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, J. Duboc, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, U. Braun, K. Rauschnabel, E. Binder, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, E. Sanchez, L. Del Buono, O. Dünger, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, H. Krehbiel, G. Buschhorn, I. Herynek, L.A. Womersley, A. Walther, W. Zimmermann, J. V. Morris, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, C. Pascaud, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, S. Valkar, H. Küster, D. Lüke, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, and David Schmidt

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Particle physics, Elementary particle, HERA, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Particle mass, Pseudorapidity, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Cross sections are presented for the inclusive production of charged particles measured in electron-proton collisions at low Q 2 with the H1 detector at HERA. The transverse momentum distribution extends up to 8 GeV/ c . Its shape is found to be harder than that observed in p p collisions at comparable centre-of-mass energies √S γp ≈ √S p p ≈ 200 GeV , and also harder than in γp collisions at lower energies √ S γp ≈ 18 GeV. Results from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations agree with the measured transverse momentum and pseudorapidity cross sections.

Published
1994
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41. First measurement of the charged current cross section at HERA

Author

T. Ahmed, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.-D. Appuhn, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, J. Bán, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, H.P. Beck, H.-J. Behrend, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, H. Bergstein, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, P. Biddulph, J.C. Bizot, V. Blobel, K. Borras, V. Boudry, A. Braemer, F. Brasse, W. Braunschweig, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, M. Colombo, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, Ch. Coutures, G. Cozzika, L. Criegee, D.G. Cussans, J. Cvach, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, M. Danilov, A.W.E. Dann, W.D. Dau, K. Daum, M. David, E. Deffur, B. Delcourt, L. Del Buono, A. De Roeck, E. De Wolf, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, J. Duboc, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, H. Ehrlichmann, S. Eichenberger, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, M. Erdmann, E. Evrard, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Flamm, W. Flauger, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, M. Forbush, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, E. Gabathuler, K. Gamerdinger, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, M. Gebauer, A. Gellrich, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, D. Goldner, A.M. Goodall, I. Gorelov, P. Goritchev, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, G. Grindhammer, C. Gruber, J. Haack, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, O. Hamon, M. Hampel, E.M. Hanlon, M. Hapke, W.J. Haynes, J. Heatherington, V. Hedberg, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, R. Herma, I. Herynek, W. Hildesheim, P. Hill, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, M. Höppner, Ph. Huet, H. Hufnagel, M. Ibbotson, H. Itterbeck, M.-A. Jabiol, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffre, J. Janoth, T. Jansen, L. Jönsson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, D. Kant, S. Kazarian, R. Kaschowitz, P. Kasselmann, U. Kathage, H.H. Kaufmann, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, W. Ko, T. Köhler, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, S.D. Kolya, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, M. Krüner-Marquis, J.P. Kubenka, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Kuznik, D. Lacour, F. Lamarche, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, P. Lanius, J.F. Laporte, A. Lebedev, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, Ch. Ley, A. Lindner, G. Lindström, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, P. Loch, H. Lohmander, G.C. Lopez, D. Lüers, D. Lüke, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, P. Marage, R. Marshall, J. Martens, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, S. Masson, A. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, D. Mercer, T. Merz, C.A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, S. Mikocki, V. Milone, D. Milstead, F. Moreau, J.V. Morris, G. Müller, P. Murín, V. Nagovizin, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, G. Nawrath, P.R. Newman, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, R. Nisius, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg-Werther, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, A. Panitch, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, E. Peppel, E. Perez, J.P. Phillips, Ch. Pichler, D. Pitzl, G. Pope, S. Prell, R. Prosi, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, P. Reimer, S. Reinshagen, P. Ribarics, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, S. Riess, M. Rietz, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, C. Royon, K. Rüter, M. Ruffer, S. Rusakov, K. Rybicki, N. Sahlmann, E. Sanchez, D.P.C. Sankey, M. Savitsky, P. Schacht, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, C. Schmidt, D. Schmidt, A. Schöning, V. Schröder, M. Schulz, B. Schwab, A. Schwind, U. Seehausen, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, A. Semenov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, H. Shooshtari, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, Y. Soloviev, H. Spitzer, P. Staroba, M. Steenbock, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, K. Stephens, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stösslein, J. Strachota, U. Straumann, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, S. Tapprogge, R.E. Taylor, V. Tchernyshov, C. Thiebaux, G. Thompson, I. Tichomirov, P. Truöl, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, A. Usik, S. Valkar, A. Valkarova, C. Vallée, P. Van Esch, P. Van Mechelen, A. Vartapetian, Y. Vazdik, M. Vecko, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet, K. Wacker, A. Wagener, I.W. Walker, A. Walther, G. Weber, M. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, H.P. Wellisch, L.R. West, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, Th. Wolff, A.E. Wright, E. Wünsch, N. Wulff, T.P. Yiou, J. Žáček, Z. Zhang, M. Zimmer, W. Zimmermann, F. Zomer, and K. Zuber

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Propagator, Elementary particle, HERA, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), Transverse plane, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Charged current
Abstract

The cross section of the charged current process e − p → v e + hadrons is measured at HERA for transverse momenta of the hadron system larger than 25 GeV. The size of the cross section exhibits the W propagator.

Published
1994
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42. Scaling violations of the proton structure function F2 at small x

Author

F. Kole, B. Schwab, Petr Zavada, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Ibbotson, M. Schulz, D. Lüers, F. Charles, R. Taylor, N. Magnussen, Steve McMahon, Armen Vartapetian, Th. Wolff, Pavel Staroba, P. Verrecchia, H. Spitzer, Richard Nisius, Michel Devel, M. Colombo, E. Evrard, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, J. Turnau, M. Steenbock, B. Andrieu, N. Sahlmann, V. Korbel, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, Stephen Maxfield, Kerstin Borras, C. Pascaud, V. Schröder, W. von Schlippe, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, I. Tichomirov, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, G. Lindström, B. Delcourt, G. Bertrand-Coremans, J. Feltesse, Ulrich Goerlach, R. Kaschowitz, R. Ebbinghaus, A. B. Clegg, N. Gogitidze, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, K. C. Hoeger, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Hufnagel, Alexandre Lebedev, H. Lohmander, L. Criegee, A. Semenov, J. Riedlberger, M. Nyberg, S. Egli, M. Rietz, T. Merz, S. Kasarian, U. Stösslein, C. Leverenz, J. Žáček, Max Klein, L.A. Womersley, J. Formánek, M. A. Jabiol, V. Riech, R. Sell, A. Valkárová, S. Orenstein, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, S. Riess, G. Heinzelmann, Mario David, S. Kermiche, E. Barrelet, Tancredi Carli, I. R. Kenyon, S. Reinshagen, A. Walther, C.D. Hilton, Fabian Zomer, M. Hapke, F. Linsel, P. A. Smirnov, A. Lindner, L. N. Shtarkov, U. Bassler, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, J. Ebert, U. Siewert, F. Brasse, W. Zimmermann, Hans Peter Beck, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, M. Zimmer, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, Vincent Boudry, A. Buniatian, Mikhail Danilov, J. Heatherington, R. C. W. Henderson, I. F. Fensome, Volker Blobel, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, D. Newton, D. Lewin, L. Büngener, V. Milone, S. Eichenberger, G. Cozzika, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, Jean-Francois Laporte, Jean-Arcady Meyer, R. Eichler, C. Keuker, R. Roosen, H. Shooshtari, G. Grindhammer, J. Martyniak, R. Gerhards, A. Drescher, O. Hamon, M. Fleischer, Ch. Ley, Dave Sankey, D. Handschuh, I. Herynek, P. Lanius, Emmanuel Monnier, S. A. Murray, S. Levonian, H. Krehbiel, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, P. E. Reimer, B. Fominykh, E. M. Hanlon, V. Tchernyshov, Stefan Valkar, M. Arpagaus, J. Duboc, B. Stella, H. T. Phillips, H. Greif, P. Hill, J. Bán, P. Ribarics, C. Niebuhr, R. Felst, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, Paul Newman, K. Flamm, A. Mavroidis, V. Efremenko, Hannes Jung, G. Buschhorn, Daniel Pitzl, G. G. Winter, S. Mani, R. M. Martin, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, M. Rudowicz, M. Eberle, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, Grzegorz Nowak, Eckhart Fretwurst, M. Korn, P. I. P. Kalmus, David Schmidt, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, S. Mikocki, P. Steffen, C. Vallée, P. Biddulph, I. Abt, Stephen Burke, Martin Erdmann, R. Prosi, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, Nicolas Ellis, G. Weber, U. Straumann, J. V. Morris, H. P. Wellisch, A. Wegner, T. Ahmed, K. Johannsen, J. R. Smith, R. Herma, Christophe Royon, A. Usik, R. D. Appuhn, E. Eisenhandler, Y. Soloviev, T. Kurca, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, M. Jaffré, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, P. Dingus, A. M. Goodall, M. Forbush, P. Baranov, H. Ziaeepour, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, C. A. Meyer, J. Kurzhöfer, A. Schwind, V. Nagovizin, M. Vecko, Peter Schleper, J. Haack, A. W. E. Dann, C. Zeitnitz, Rudolf Langkau, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, A. Gellrich, V. Andreev, M. Rüffer, J. M. Foster, R. J. Ellison, F. Lamarche, M. Savitsky, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, I. W. Walker, K. Rybicki, J. P. Kubenka, Marc Besancon, P. Fuhrmann, A.S. Belousov, D. Düllmann, H. U. Martyn, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, Peter Loch, Winston Ko, Didier Lacour, Guenter Eckerlin, Daniel Johnson, E. Vogel, G. W. Noyes, M. Gennis, H. Henschel, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, W. Pilgram, J. Cvach, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, Horst Oberlack, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, L. Goerlich, R. Vick, André Schöning, I. Sheviakov, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, Yves Sirois, Frank Raupach, J. Strachota, U. Krüger, A. Courau, Roland Bernet, J. Lipinski, K. Gamerdinger, S. Dagoret, J. Garvey, J. Hladký, F. Eisele, G. Franke, V I. Shekelyan, A. M. Fomenko, J. D. Dowell, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, G. Siegmon, Wolfgang Scobel, Ankita Mehta, N. Wulff, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, E. J. Sanchez, N. Huot, P. Goritchev, Dusan Bruncko, P. Kasselmann, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, T. Greenshaw, D. Neyret, J.P. Phillips, D. Feeken, W. Hildesheim, R. L. Lander, J. Ferencei, H. Bärwolff, P. Van Esch, J. Marks, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, F. Moreau, S. Willard, A. Jacholkowska, M. Winde, S. D. Kolya, L. Johnson, T. Jansen, G. Rädel, B. Kuznik, Ph. Huet, Ch. Pichler, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, E. Binder, J. Gayler, G. Thompson, S. Prell, C. Jacobsson, U. Kathage, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, H. Bergstein, Peter Robmann, Th. Naumann, L. Del Buono, A. Bischoff, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, O. Dünger, P. Kostka, J. Moreels, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, Farid Ould-Saada, Leith Godfrey, L. Urban, M. Flieser, D. Mercer, J. Stier, Y. Vazdik, L.R. West, S. Masson, J. Martens, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and H1

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Distribution function, Proton, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Range (statistics), Perturbative QCD, HERA, Event (particle physics), Scaling, Gluon
Abstract

An analysis is presented of scaling violations of the proton structure function F 2 ( x , Q 2 ) measured with the H1 detector at HERA in the range of Bjorken x values between x = 3 × 10 −4 and 10 −2 for four-momentum transfers Q > 2 larger than 8.7 GeV 2 . The structure function F 2 ( x , Q 2 ) is observed to rise linearly with ln Q 2 . Under the assumption that the observed scaling violations at small x ⩽ 0.01 are described correctly by perturbative QCD, an estimate is obtained of the gluon distribution function G ( x , Q 0 2 ) at Q 2 2 = 20 GeV 2 .

Published
1994
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43. Measurement of the proton structure function F2 (x, Q2) in the low-x region at HERA

Author

Steve McMahon, C. A. Meyer, G. Siegmon, A. Drescher, P. Fuhrmann, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, A. Jacholkowska, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, G. Villet, L. Goerlich, S. D. Kolya, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, Pierre Marage, G. Heinzelmann, A. Courau, H. Küster, A. Usik, N. Magnussen, R. C. W. Henderson, N. Sahlmann, P. Biddulph, M. Colombo, J. V. Morris, Frank Raupach, R. Ebbinghaus, M. A. Jabiol, A. E. Wright, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, N. Wulff, R. Prosi, P. Kasselmann, D. P. C. Sankey, U. Bassler, Daniel Pitzl, M. Forbush, V. Milone, A. Schwind, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, R. Felst, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, M. Eberle, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, C. Zeitnitz, V. Korbel, K. C. Hoeger, T. Jansen, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, Peter Loch, W. Scobel, Vincent Hedberg, G. Rädel, G. Knies, B. Kuznik, Ph. Huet, W. Pilgram, D. Lüers, Ch. Pichler, D.P. Johnson, David Schmidt, J. Haack, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, Ch. Ley, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, V. Riech, M. Hapke, R. Bernet, Pavel Staroba, Kerstin Borras, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W. von Schlippe, A. Semenov, T. Merz, J. Turnau, J. Strachota, W.J. Haynes, P. Verrecchia, I.F. Fensome, P. Goritchev, Stefan Valkar, M. Steenbock, A. Lindner, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, V. Schröder, S. Kasarian, K. Gamerdinger, T. Köhler, D. Neyret, S. Levonian, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, B. Andrieu, Hannes Jung, K. Johannsen, B. Schwab, C. Vallée, E. Malinovski, Pavel Murin, D. Mercer, H. Grässler, J. Riedlberger, H. K. Nguyen, F. Brasse, E. Binder, M. Ibbotson, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, Leif J. Jönsson, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, Christophe Royon, P. Baranov, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, J. Gayler, Jean-Arcady Meyer, V. Efremenko, Mario David, F. Linsel, Peter Schleper, Ulrich Goerlach, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, J. Heatherington, J. M. Foster, R. Kaschowitz, S. M. Robertson, R. Gerhards, P. Závada, E. Evrard, M. Savitsky, E. Sanchez, S. Riess, M. Kuhlen, H. Lohmander, G. Grindhammer, S. Mikocki, K. Flamm, A. Mavroidis, D. Newton, L. N. Shtarkov, Leith Godfrey, Marc Besancon, J. Cvach, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, L. Del Buono, Winston Ko, B. Delcourt, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, U. Stösslein, P. Lanius, C. Pascaud, I. W. Walker, K. Rybicki, J. Duboc, B. Stella, S. Kermiche, P. I. P. Kalmus, P. Hill, J. Bán, P. Truöl, Mikhail Danilov, Peter Robmann, D. Lewin, H. Greif, L. Criegee, Stephen Maxfield, C. Leverenz, V. Tchernyshov, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, O. Hamon, Nicolas Ellis, Guenter Eckerlin, J. Martyniak, E. Barrelet, R. Vick, M. Vecko, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, T. Ahmed, J. Formánek, A. Bischoff, Th. Wolff, M. Rudowicz, Yves Sirois, H. Shooshtari, I. R. Kenyon, I. Abt, M. Korn, J. Lipinski, R. Nisius, B. Fominykh, G. Franke, J. Žáček, S. Masson, R. Langkau, M. Ruffer, Armen Vartapetian, G. Thompson, S. Orenstein, G. Weber, U. Straumann, H. Spitzer, Ch. Berger, O. Dünger, J. Ebert, R. J. Ellison, L.A. Womersley, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, A. Gellrich, F. Lamarche, S. Mani, R. D. Appuhn, D. Düllmann, J. R. Smith, H. P. Beck, Eckhart Fretwurst, S. Eichenberger, H. Henschel, Stephen Burke, R. Herma, I. Tichomirov, E. Eisenhandler, L. Büngener, J. Martens, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, M. Gennis, M. Fleischer, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, Michel Devel, John A Coughlan, K. Meier, Horst Oberlack, A. Walther, S. Prell, F. Kole, G. Bertrand-Coremans, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, H. Hufnagel, W. Zimmermann, I. Herynek, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, A. Wegner, C.D. Hilton, P. Kotska, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, N. Huot, H. Ziaeepour, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, W.D. Dau, A. W. E. Dann, J. B. Dainton, R. Eichler, M. W. Krasny, Claire Bourdarios, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, U. Kathage, D. Handschuh, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, H. Krehbiel, V. Brisson, J. P. Kubenka, C. Thiebaux, G. Buschhorn, G. W. Noyes, P. Dingus, J. Feltesse, Max Klein, P. A. Smirnov, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, U. Krüger, J. Stier, J. Marks, S. Dagoret, Y. Vazdik, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, Vladimir Andreev, H. U. Martyn, H. Duhm, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, K. Wacker, P. Ribarics, R. Steinberg, Y. Soloviev, J. Moreels, T. R. Ebert, Dusan Bruncko, P. E. Reimer, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, P. Steffen, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, H. P. Wellisch, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, T. Carli, Richard E. Taylor, F. Ould-Saada, H. Genzel, L. Urban, T. Kurča, T. Greenshaw, J.P. Phillips, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, S. Reinshagen, M. Arpagaus, W. Hildesheim, S. Willard, M. Winde, L. Johnson, D. Feeken, A. Valkarova, S. A. Murray, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, and M. P. J. Landon

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Luminosity (scattering theory), Neutral current, Proton, Detector, Elementary particle, HERA, Atomic physics, Deep inelastic scattering
Abstract

A measurement of the proton structure function F2 (x, Q2) is presented with about 1000 neutral current deep inelastic scattering events for Bjorken x in the range x ⋍ 10−2 – 10−4 and Q2 > 5 GeV2. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of 22.5 nb−1 recorded by the H1 detector in the first year of HERA operation. The structure function F2 (x, Q2) shows a significant rise with decreasing x.

Published
1993
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44. Measurement of inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA

Author

J. Duboc, B. Stella, Kerstin Borras, A. Lebedev, A. Semenov, M. Rietz, C. Vallée, M. Colombo, R. D. Appuhn, Vladimir Andreev, H. Greif, M. Gennis, N. Magnussen, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, H. Bergstein, S. D. Kolya, D. Haidt, Th. Naumann, F. Brasse, R. C. W. Henderson, M. Rudowicz, N. Sahlmann, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, H. Duhm, J-P. Meyer, P. Biddulph, R. Ebbinghaus, W. von Schlippe, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, E. Deffur, K. C. Hoeger, G. Heinzelmann, M. A. Jabiol, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, F. Ould-Saada, R. Prosi, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, R. Bernet, P. Kostka, A. Buniatian, M. Jaffre, P. Ribarics, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, U. Bassler, M. Fleischer, Leith Godfrey, C. Kiesling, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, V. Riech, Armen Vartapetian, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, Y. Soloviev, L. Del Buono, V. Milone, S. Kasarian, S. A. Murray, H. Küster, J. Feltesse, M. Hapke, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, Leif J. Jönsson, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Mario David, E. Binder, J. V. Morris, V. Efremenko, H. Lohmander, G. Siegmon, Martin Erdmann, R. Felst, U. Obrock, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, M. Eberle, M. Korn, L.A. Womersley, R. Nisius, F. W. Büsser, M. Arpagaus, W. Braunschweig, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, J. Stier, K. Rybicki, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, S. Mikocki, M. Forbush, Max Klein, R. L. Lander, R. J. Ellison, J. Marks, R. Gerhards, J. M. Foster, H. Bärwolff, Y. Vazdik, J. Riedlberger, A. Schwind, R. Sell, E. Sanchez, G. Weber, U. Straumann, M. Nyberg, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, P. E. Reimer, Christophe Royon, F. Moreau, L. N. Shtarkov, J. D. Dowell, C. A. Meyer, M. Vecko, J. R. Smith, I. R. Kenyon, Alan Campbell, J. Harjes, J. Moreels, J. Haack, E. M. Hanlon, S. M. Robertson, R. Herma, W. Hildesheim, H. U. Martyn, U. Siewert, I. O. Skillicorn, T. R. Ebert, A. Walther, A. Jacholkowska, H. Spitzer, D. Mercer, G. G. Winter, M. Savitsky, H. B. Dreis, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, J. Turnau, A. Fedotov, B. Naroska, Winston Ko, Yves Sirois, P. Fuhrmann, G. Grindhammer, F. Linsel, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, M. Zimmer, S. Willard, P. Baranov, C. Zeitnitz, S. Eichenberger, Dave Sankey, P. Steffen, J. Martens, C. Pascaud, Tim Greenshaw, Jean-Francois Laporte, W. Zimmermann, M. Steenbock, A. De Roeck, Richard E. Taylor, A. Valkarova, J. Heatherington, F. Kole, Guenter Eckerlin, L. Goerlich, Peter Robmann, Peter Schleper, Michel Devel, S. Kermiche, L. Urban, S. Masson, L. Criegee, H. Henschel, T. Kurča, J. Lipinski, R. Vick, D. Newton, G. D. Patel, G. Franke, B. Andrieu, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, A. Bischoff, D.P. Johnson, A. Gellrich, H. P. Wellisch, H. Shooshtari, M. Winde, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, L. Johnson, F. Lamarche, R. Kaschowitz, J. Cvach, P. Lanius, T. Carli, R. Langkau, T. Jansen, P. Goritchev, V. Tchernyshov, S. Riess, S. Egli, Frank Raupach, Marc Besancon, W.D. Dau, U. Kathage, J. B. Dainton, O. Dünger, K. Gamerdinger, A.S. Belousov, P. Hill, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, G. Rädel, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, B. Kuznik, J. Bán, John A Coughlan, D. Neyret, Claire Bourdarios, J.C. Phillips, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, J. Gayler, P. Truöl, Horst Oberlack, N. Wulff, J. Garvey, Mikhail Danilov, I. Abt, E. Gabathuler, Nicolas Ellis, Ph. Huet, D. Lewin, Stephen Maxfield, Ch. Pichler, J. Žáček, A. M. Fomenko, I. W. Walker, E. Eisenhandler, P. Kasselmann, R. Marshall, S. Prell, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, Dirk Krücker, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, J. Martyniak, D. Feeken, G. Buschhorn, S. Levonian, S. Mani, B. Fominykh, N. Huot, D. Lüers, E. Barrelet, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, P. Dingus, Pavel Staroba, P. Verrecchia, M. Ruffer, V. Schröder, S. Orenstein, Ch. Berger, H. H. Kaufmann, K. Flamm, Eckhart Fretwurst, A. Mavroidis, L. Büngener, I. Tichomirov, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, J. Ebert, P. I. P. Kalmus, I. Herynek, H. Hufnagel, A. Usik, Ch. Ley, C.D. Hilton, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, D. Schmidt, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, I.F. Fensome, A. Lindner, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, Petr Zavada, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, Ulrich Goerlach, U. Krüger, S. Dagoret, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, J. Hladký, Stefan Valkar, Hannes Jung, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, E. Evrard, Dusan Bruncko, F. Ferrarotto, B. Delcourt, H. Genzel, U. Stösslein, C. Leverenz, O. Hamon, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, G. Bertrand-Coremans, G. Thompson, A. Wegner, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, D. Düllmann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, G. W. Noyes, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Steve McMahon, A. Drescher, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, Daniel Pitzl, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Loch, W. Pilgram, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Damoiseaux, Magali

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Perpendicular, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Perturbative QCD, HERA, Transverse plane, Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Underlying event
Abstract

Inclusive jet cross sections are measured in photoproduction at HERA using the H1 detector. The data sample of e+ p -> e+ + jet + X events in the kinematic range of photon virtualities Q^2 < 1 GeV^2 and photon-proton centre-of-mass energies 95 < W_gammap < 285 GeV represents an integrated luminosity of 24.1 pb^-1. Jets are defined using the inclusive k_T algorithm. Single- and multi-differential cross sections are measured as functions of jet transverse energy E_T^jet and pseudorapidity ��^jet in the domain 5 < E_T^jet < 75 GeV and -1 < ��^jet < 2.5. The cross sections are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations corrected for fragmentation and underlying event effects. The cross section differential in E_T^jet, which varies by six orders of magnitude over the measured range, is compared with similar distributions from p pbar colliders at equal and higher energies., 34 pages, 9 figures and 7 tables

Published
1993
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45. A search for leptoquarks, leptogluons and excited leptons in H1 at HERA

Author

C. Jacobsson, Leith Godfrey, M. Savitsky, Th. Wolff, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, I. R. Kenyon, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, E. Evrard, H. Spitzer, G. Siegmon, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, D.P. Johnson, R. Nisius, M. W. Krasny, J. Cvach, A. Courau, M. Colombo, Murrough Landon, J. V. Morris, Michel Devel, U. Kathage, J. Riedlberger, M. Vecko, T. Ahmed, M. Jaffre, W. Ko, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, C. A. Meyer, H. U. Martyn, B. Delcourt, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, A. E. Wright, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, S. M. Robertson, Kerstin Borras, U. Stösslein, J. Garvey, A. Semenov, P. Baranov, R. J. Ellison, R. Bernet, A. Jacholkowska, F. W. Büsser, P. Goritchev, E. Gabathuler, C. Leverenz, A. M. Fomenko, W. Braunschweig, P. Fuhrmann, A. Lebedev, F. Charles, M. Rietz, I. Sheviakov, D. Haidt, Peter Schleper, O. Hamon, K. Gamerdinger, R. Sell, R. Herma, I. O. Skillicorn, S. J. McMahon, D. Neyret, L. Goerlich, Andrew Mehta, J. Moreels, G. Heinzelmann, F. Brasse, Leif J. Jönsson, D. Handschuh, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, U. Krüger, M. Fleischer, U. Siewert, J-P. Meyer, H. Küster, S. Masson, U. Bassler, G. Cozzika, Marc Besancon, E. Barrelet, N. Huot, S. A. Murray, M. Zimmer, W. von Schlippe, A.S. Belousov, F. Eisele, T. Merz, Daniel Pitzl, J. Žáček, S. Dagoret, H. Lohmander, V. Milone, H. Krehbiel, K. Johannsen, J.P. Phillips, Stefan Valkar, M. Ibbotson, T. Jansen, P. Truöl, I. Tichomirov, Christophe Royon, M. Ruffer, Ch. Berger, S. Orenstein, T. R. Ebert, F. Raupach, P. I. P. Kalmus, S. Kasarian, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, G. Rädel, R. Felst, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, C. Trenkel, Hannes Jung, D. Gillespie, B. Kuznik, L. Büngener, Armen Vartapetian, C. Vallée, M. Eberle, Mario David, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, P. Závada, Ph. Huet, B. Naroska, G. Buschborn, J. M. Foster, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, H. Hufnagel, J. Ebert, Hermann Kolanoski, I. Herynek, D. Clarke, M. Korn, R. D. Appuhn, Ch. Pichler, S. Mani, Pavel Murin, D. Mercer, V. Brisson, John A Coughlan, A. Fedotov, G. Nowak, T. P. Yiou, C. Pascaud, H. Grässler, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, Peter Loch, Dusan Bruncko, Martin Erdmann, H. P. Beck, U. Obrock, Stephen Burke, H. Shooshtari, R. D. Martin, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, N. Wulff, D. Lüers, J. Haack, F. Ferrarotto, W. Pilgram, H. Genzel, M. Gennis, S. Kermiche, Ch. Ley, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, P. Kasselmann, G. Thompson, R. Prosi, J. Duboc, B. Stella, N. Magnussen, H. Greif, C.D. Hilton, H. B. Dreis, N. Sahlmann, Pavel Staroba, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, S. J. Maxfield, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, M. Rudowicz, W. Flauger, R. Langkau, D. Düllmann, P. Biddulph, L. Del Buono, R. Ebbinghaus, A. De Roeck, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, I. Abt, Richard E. Taylor, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, M. Goldberg, M. A. Jabiol, S. Eichenberger, G. Bertrand-Coremans, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, V. Schröder, A. Drescher, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, L. Urban, Laurent Favart, H. Henschel, A. Wegner, H. Oberlack, Yves Sirois, A. Valkarova, H. H. Kaufmann, S. Egli, G. Weber, T. Kurča, H. Bärwolff, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, U. Straumann, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, C. Dollfus, L. Criegee, S. Levonian, R. Eichler, J. Martyniak, J. P. Kubenka, A. Usik, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, C. Thiebaux, A. B. Clegg, Vladimir Andreev, B. Fominykh, L.A. Womersley, G. W. Noyes, G. Flügge, I. W. Walker, K. Flamm, P. Schacht, R. Kaschowitz, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, A. Mavroidis, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, A. Walther, J. Stier, Ulrich Goerlach, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, W. Zimmermann, A. Gellrich, P. Verrecchia, H. Bergstein, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, F. Ould-Saada, H. Duhm, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, E. Deffur, I.F. Fensome, P. Kostka, J. Gayler, J. F. Laporte, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, E. Fretwurst, Tim Greenshaw, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. Lindner, R. Roosen, R. Marshall, P. Hill, J. Bán, J. Heatherington, Emmanuel Monnier, T. Köhler, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, D. Newton, V. Efremenko, S. Mikocki, Nicolas Ellis, D. Schmidt, M. Seman, P. Lanius, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, V. Tchernyshov, E. Vogel, J. Turnau, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, J. Strachota, M. Steenbock, B. Andrieu, G. Bernardi, D. Krücker, K. C. Hoeger, V. Riech, M. Hapke, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, R. Gerhards, P. E. Reimer, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, G. Grindhammer, P. Steffen, E. Binder, H. P. Wellisch, T. Carli, E. Sanchez, Peter Robmann, A. Bischoff, W. Hildesheim, R. C. W. Henderson, J. R. Smith, S. Willard, O. Dünger, M. Winde, J. P. Pharabod, L. Johnson, C. Kiesling, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, Richard Lander, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, E. Eisenhandler, P. Dingus, J. Martens, F. Kole, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, J. Feltesse, Max Klein, D. Feeken, P. A. Smirnov, and K. Meier

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Elementary particle, HERA, Nuclear physics, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Leptoquark, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract

A direct search for new particles in the H1 experiment at HERA is presented for masses ranging from 35 GeV up to ∼ 250 GeV. The data sample of 24 nb −1 accumulated during the first year of operation was analysed for signatures of scalar and vector leptoquarks, leptogluons, excited electrons and excited neutrinos with flavours of the first generation. No evidence for the production of such particles was found in various possible decay channels. Rejection limits are derived.

Published
1993
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46. Observation of deep inelastic scattering at low x

Author

F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, Grzegorz Nowak, G. Cozzika, C. Jacobsson, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, E. Malinovski, Stefan Valkar, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, M. Kuhlen, G. Grindhammer, Hannes Jung, C. Vallée, U. Kathage, P. E. Reimer, P. S. Flower, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, E. Eisenhandler, P. Staroba, G. G. Winter, Vincent Hedberg, J. Turnau, G. Knies, Leif J. Jönsson, M. Steenbock, G. Bertrand-Coremans, P. Steffen, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, G. Thompson, F. Brasse, P. Hartz, R. J. Ellison, B. Andrieu, E. Barrelet, H. Lohmander, A. Wegner, H. P. Wellisch, R. Hedgecock, A. Gellrich, R. Kaschowitz, U. Bassler, J. Moreels, D. Düllmann, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, C. Trenkel, H. Shooshtari, J. Haack, I. O. Skillicorn, P. Zavada, M. Vecko, K. C. Hoeger, D. Handschuh, I. W. Walker, H. Krehbiel, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, I. Herynek, K. Rybicki, H. Henschel, M. Gennis, Ch. Ley, Hans Peter Beck, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, Frank Raupach, M. Goldberg, H. B. Dreis, M. Colombo, V. Riech, U. Berthon, V. Milone, W.D. Dau, E. Evrard, G. W. Noyes, G. Lindström, P. Hill, J. Bán, C. Gruber, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, W. Flauger, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, Murrough Landon, F. Charles, N. Wulff, A. E. Wright, V. Korbel, I. Sheviakov, M. Hapke, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Armen Vartapetian, P. Kasselmann, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, R. C. W. Henderson, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, U. Krüger, Nicolas Ellis, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, B. Delcourt, R. Felst, G. Bushhorn, M. Eberle, I. R. Kenyon, V. Efremenko, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, U. Gensch, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, P. Baranov, Anton Babaev, C. Leverenz, J. Hladký, S. Eichenberger, H. K. Nguyen, O. Hamon, Jean-Arcady Meyer, H.T. Phillips, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, H. Spitzer, M. Schulz, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, J. D. Burger, S. Peters, C. Schmidt, J. Strachota, U. Braun, S. Mikocki, Peter Schleper, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Stephen Maxfield, I.F. Fensome, Hermann Kolanoski, R. Prosi, T. R. Ebert, D. Clarke, R. Gerhards, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, A. Lindner, K. Rauschnabel, A. Usik, E. Binder, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, L. Del Buono, Marc Besancon, J. Gayler, Michel Devel, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, S. Kermiche, V. Andreev, Volker Blobel, L.A. Womersley, F. Ould-Saada, E. Sanchez, Dusan Bruncko, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, P. Truöl, A. Walther, H. Genzel, I. Tichomirov, John A Coughlan, Horst Oberlack, W. Zimmermann, Peter Robmann, M. Ruffer, S. A. Murray, T. Greenshaw, N. Magnussen, S. Orenstein, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, J.P. Phillips, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, L. Criegee, H. Hufnagel, P. Van Esch, J. Sacton, N. Sahlmann, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, J. Ebert, O. Dünger, M. Ibbotson, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, J. M. Foster, J. Formánek, P. Biddulph, B. Kuznik, M. A. Jabiol, F. Niebergall, Ph. Huet, C.D. Hilton, M. Savitsky, Ch. Pichler, W. von Schlippe, G. Siegmon, C. A. Meyer, T. Merz, J. Cvach, F. Moreau, P. Fuhrmann, J. D. Dowell, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, A. Jacholkowska, Mikhail Danilov, S. D. Kolya, H. Steiner, L. Goerlich, A. Valkarova, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, C. Kiesling, Roland Bernet, S. Kasarian, B. Fominykh, J. Riedlberger, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Eckhart Fretwurst, A. De Roeck, Mario David, G. Franke, Richard E. Taylor, R. Nisius, J. R. Smith, L. Urban, S. Mani, R. Herma, Stephen Burke, J. Duboc, B. Stella, T. Kurča, H. Greif, P. Goritchev, K. Gamerdinger, M. Rudowicz, J. Stier, Leith Godfrey, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, H. Bergstein, C. Zeitnitz, Th. Naumann, Dave Sankey, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, J.M. Morton, P. Kostka, G. D. Patel, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, David Schmidt, T. Carli, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, S. Masson, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, J.P. Sutton, J. V. Morris, D. Lüers, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, P. Verrecchia, V. Schröder, S. Levonian, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, A. Mavroidis, P. I. P. Kalmus, Y. Feng, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, N. Huot, W. Hildesheim, S. Willard, M. Winde, L. Johnson, M. Fleischer, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Arpagaus, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, J. Zacek, Christophe Royon, D. Gillespie, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, D. Feeken, R. Langkau, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, E. Ryseck, Ulrich Goerlach, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, P. Dingus, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, Daniel Pitzl, M. Seman, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, J. Martens, F. Kole, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Loch, J. B. Dainton, W. Pilgram, Claire Bourdarios, J. Feltesse, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, P. A. Smirnov, F. Eisele, Steve McMahon, A. Drescher, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, and W. Bartel

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Proton, Neutral current, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Elementary particle, Electron, HERA, Nuclear Experiment, Deep inelastic scattering
Abstract

Measurements of the scattered electron energy spectrum and the differential cross sections dσ/d log(x) and dσ/dQ2 for inclusive neutral current deep inelastic electron-proton scattering are presented. The data were obtained with the H1 detector at HERA during its first running period in which 26.7 GeV electrons collided with 820 GeV protons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.3 nb−1 and allow the first studies of the structure of the proton at values of x down to 10−4 for Q2 > 5 GeV2.

Published
1993
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47. Total photoproduction cross section measurement at HERA energies

Author

J. D. Burger, M. Colombo, R. Prosi, I.F. Fensome, P. S. Flower, Murrough Landon, A. Lindner, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, A. E. Wright, Max Klein, J. M. Foster, Volker Blobel, C. Kiesling, L. Del Buono, M. Savitsky, Leif J. Jönsson, K. C. Hoeger, J. Hladký, D. Schmidt, M. Nyberg, S. Levonian, S. Peters, H. Lohmander, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, P. Závada, V. Riech, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, J. Cvach, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, T. Ahmed, J.P. Phillips, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, M. Hapke, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, R. Nisius, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, A. Usik, J. Strachota, Hannes Jung, P. Baranov, B. Kuznik, N. Magnussen, W. Hildesheim, Roland Bernet, N. Sahlmann, Ph. Huet, E. Eisenhandler, Ch. Pichler, Peter Schleper, G. Villet, S. Egli, S. Willard, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, E. Evrard, G. Franke, H. Grässler, H. Bergstein, J. Riedlberger, Th. Wolff, Stephen Maxfield, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, G. Siegmon, A. Buniatian, Pierre Marage, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, J. Turnau, P. Biddulph, Laurent Favart, P. Dingus, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, I. R. Kenyon, R. Gerhards, J. Martens, H. Spitzer, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, M. Steenbock, F. W. Büsser, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, W. Braunschweig, C. Dollfus, P. Truöl, R. Roosen, A. Courau, M. Winde, B. Delcourt, Emmanuel Monnier, R. Sell, L. Johnson, Ulrich Goerlach, M. Korn, M. A. Jabiol, P. Staroba, I. W. Walker, J. Haack, F. Moreau, J. D. Dowell, P. Goritchev, H. Duhm, U. Siewert, I. Tichomirov, Grazyna Nowak, M. Zimmer, R. Herma, P. E. Reimer, T. Köhler, B. Andrieu, C. Leverenz, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, G. Weber, M. Ruffer, Jean-Francois Laporte, S. Orenstein, Michel Devel, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, A. Jacholkowska, S. Mani, M. Vecko, K. Gamerdinger, E. Barrelet, O. Hamon, U. Straumann, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, J. Zacek, J. Ebert, A. Gellrich, G. G. Winter, H. Hufnagel, V. Efremenko, E. Deffur, U. Berthon, Frank Raupach, Armen Vartapetian, G. Grindhammer, H. Shooshtari, C. A. Meyer, J. Heatherington, P. Steffen, H. U. Martyn, S. Mikocki, J.M. Morton, N. Wulff, P. Kostka, P. Ribarics, Ch. Ley, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, P. Kasselmann, P. Fuhrmann, C.D. Hilton, G. Thompson, Ch. Berger, Horst Oberlack, Y. Soloviev, H. P. Wellisch, J. Duboc, B. Stella, D. Feeken, H. Greif, S. Kermiche, L. Goerlich, M. Rudowicz, C. Trenkel, D. Düllmann, Mikhail Danilov, H. Steiner, S. Eichenberger, Stephen Burke, U. Bassler, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, Daniel Pitzl, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, L. Criegee, R. Kaschowitz, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, V. Milone, W.D. Dau, A. Mavroidis, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, F. Kole, E. Ryseck, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, B. Fominykh, Tim Greenshaw, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, R. Felst, P. I. P. Kalmus, M. Eberle, I. Herynek, J. Moreels, Eckhart Fretwurst, J-P. Meyer, Peter Loch, Hans Peter Beck, D. Newton, W. Pilgram, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, C. Jacobsson, Steve McMahon, T. R. Ebert, M. Seman, S. Kasarian, P. Lanius, P. Hill, J. Bán, V. Tchernyshov, Mario David, A. Fedotov, A. Drescher, M. W. Krasny, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, U. Kathage, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, E. Gabathuler, Nicolas Ellis, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, F. Brasse, A. De Roeck, P. Hartz, R. J. Ellison, R. Hedgecock, C. Vallée, Richard E. Taylor, J.R. Smith, M. Gennis, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, L. Urban, H. Henschel, T. Kurča, J. Stier, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, G. Bertrand-Coremans, A. Wegner, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, G. W. Noyes, Peter Robmann, W. von Schlippe, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, F. Charles, Christophe Royon, I. Sheviakov, D. Gillespie, U. Krüger, B. Naroska, J. Sacton, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, O. Dünger, R. Langkau, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, Dusan Bruncko, S. A. Murray, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, N. Huot, K. Rauschnabel, E. Binder, Martin Erdmann, H. Obrock, Rosario Martín, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, E. Sanchez, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, L.A. Womersley, A. Valkarova, Vladimir Andreev, U. Gensch, A. Walther, F. Ould-Saada, C. Schmidt, U. Braun, W. Zimmermann, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, D. Lüers, P. Verrecchia, G. Buschhorn, V. Schröder, H. H. Kaufmann, Leith Godfrey, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, S. Masson, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, J. V. Morris, Y. Feng, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, A. Lebedev, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, M. Fleischer, J.P. Sutton, S. Valkar, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, T. Carli, R. C. W. Henderson, and J. Feltesse

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Photon, Hadron, Elementary particle, Electron, HERA, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Center of mass, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present first results on the total photoproduction cross section measurement with the H1 detector at HERA. The data were extracted from low Q2 collisions of 26.7 GeV electrons with 820 GeV protons. The γp total cross section has been measured by two independent methods in the γp center of mass energy range from 90 to 290 GeV. For an average center of mass energy of 195 GeV a value of σtot (γp) = 159 ± 7 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) μb was obtained.

Published
1993
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48. HIV–tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is characterized by Toll-like receptor and inflammasome signalling

Author

Lai, Rachel P. J., primary, Meintjes, Graeme, additional, Wilkinson, Katalin A., additional, Graham, Christine M., additional, Marais, Suzaan, additional, Van der Plas, Helen, additional, Deffur, Armin, additional, Schutz, Charlotte, additional, Bloom, Chloe, additional, Munagala, Indira, additional, Anguiano, Esperanza, additional, Goliath, Rene, additional, Maartens, Gary, additional, Banchereau, Jacques, additional, Chaussabel, Damien, additional, O’Garra, Anne, additional, and Wilkinson, Robert J., additional

Published
2015
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50. Hard scattering in γp interactions

Author

Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, T. Ahmed, G. Grindhammer, P. Steffen, P. Baranov, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, J-P. Meyer, Peter Schleper, H. P. Wellisch, W. Bartel, C. Schmidt, U. Braun, F. W. Büsser, Marc Besancon, W. Braunschweig, Stephen Maxfield, W. von Schlippe, R. Sell, A. DeRoeck, T. Merz, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, A.S. Belousov, W. Pilgram, P. Truöl, A. Buniatian, Jean-Francois Laporte, M. Ibbotson, M. Rüffer, P. Loch, I. Tichomirov, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. B. Clegg, B. Kuznik, Emmanuel Monnier, C. A. Meyer, R. Kaschowitz, K. C. Hoeger, Andrew Mehta, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Lohmander, S. Kasarian, Frank Raupach, S. A. Murray, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, S. M. Robertson, I. R. Kenyon, H. Spitzer, H. U. Martyn, V. Riech, Ph. Huet, K. Rauschnabel, N. Wulff, Armen Vartapetian, Ch. Pichler, E. Binder, J. Riedlberger, Michel Devel, G. Thompson, V. Efremenko, H. Hufnagel, P. Kasselmann, P. VanEsch, M. Hapke, G. Buschhorn, P. Fuhrmann, P. Hill, J. Bán, S. Mikocki, E. Sanchez, D. Düllmann, E. Vogel, L. Goerlich, R. C. W. Henderson, C.D. Hilton, Kerstin Borras, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, S. Orenstein, Nicolas Ellis, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Martin Erdmann, W. Zimmermann, U. Obrock, J. Moreels, A. Semenov, R. Gerhards, E. Malinovski, J. Ference, H. Steiner, G. Bertrand-Coremans, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, R. Roosen, N. Magnussen, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, M. Kuhlen, D. Lüers, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, J.P. Phillips, R. Bernet, Stefan Valkar, L. Criegee, N. Sahlmann, A. Usik, J. Ebert, J. Haack, B. Fominykh, R. Nisius, R. Prosi, F. Brasse, R. L. Lander, Peter Robmann, H. Shooshtari, S. Egli, P. Hartz, I. O. Skillicorn, Hannes Jung, H. B. Dreis, T. R. Ebert, H. Bärwolff, E. Barrelet, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, P. Biddulph, M. A. Jabiol, J. Zacek, S. Mani, U. Berthon, P. Staroba, A. Wegner, Vladimir Andreev, D. Gillespie, M. Danilov, Ch. Ley, P. Verrecchia, A. Fedotov, Ch. Berger, H. P. Beck, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, Eckhart Fretwurst, Günter Flügge, Stephen Burke, T. P. Yiou, J. Turnau, D. P. C. Sankey, I. F. Fensome, U. Bassler, R. J. Ellison, I. W. Walker, E. Evrard, O. Dünger, C. Trenkel, M. Steenbock, G. A. Beck, R. Hedgecock, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Andrieu, M. Colombo, V. Milone, Murrough Landon, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, W.D. Dau, John A Coughlan, A. Babayev, J. Hladky, R. Eichler, I. Herynek, Horst Oberlack, G. Siegmon, B. Delcourt, A. Lebedev, L. Delbuono, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Vallée, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, A. E. Wright, V. Schröder, R. Felst, Richard E. Taylor, M. Eberle, J. M. Foster, C. Leverenz, J. Duboc, B. Stella, S. Eichenberger, H. Greif, F. Ould-Saada, O. Hamon, J. P. Kubenka, M. Savitsky, L. A. Womersley, P. Zavada, M. Vecko, L. Urban, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, U. Gensch, M. Rietz, H. Henschel, F. Moreau, H. H. Kaufmann, J. D. Dowell, M. Rudowicz, J. Cvach, T. Kurča, J. R. Smith, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, S. Peters, A. Jacholkowska, R. Herma, U. Kathage, M. Gennis, D. Haidt, Dusan Bruncko, G. Franke, E. Gabathuler, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, Leith Godfrey, A. Walther, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, P. Goritchev, A. Valkarova, Rosario Martín, K. Gamerdinger, E. Elsen, J. Marks, H. Bergstein, A. Rostovtsev, S. D. Kolya, Claus Kleinwort, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, E. Deffur, U. Krüger, J.M. Morton, P. Kostka, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, M. David, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, G. Heinzelmann, U. Lenhardt, S. Levonian, M. Fleischer, S. Kermiche, J.P. Sutton, J. Bürger, A. Mavroidis, H. Küster, P. I. P. Kalmus, S. Masson, C. Zeitnitz, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, A. Gellrich, M. Th. Wolff, T. Carli, J. V. Morris, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, Christophe Royon, Y. Feng, B. Naroska, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, R. Langkau, H. Grässler, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, N. Huot, J. Feltesse, D. Feeken, Max Klein, C. Kiesling, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, J. Martens, F. Kole, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, W. Hildesheim, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, H. T. Phillips, E. Eisenhandler, S. Willard, P. Dingus, J. Vasdik, M. Winde, L. Johnson, Steve McMahon, Tim Greenshaw, J. Heatherington, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, D. Newton, M. Seman, G. W. Noyes, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, Laurent Favart, A. Drescher, C. Dollfus, Ulrich Goerlach, E. Ryseck, M. Korn, Daniel Pitzl, G. Weber, U. Straumann, Volker Blobel, D. Schmidt, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, C. Jacobson, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, J. Strachota, Jean Sacton, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, and P. E. Reimer

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Scattering, Detector, HERA, Jet (particle physics), Spectral line, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider
Abstract

We report on the investigation of the final state in interactions of quasi-real photons with protons. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the HERA ep collider. Evidence for hard interactions is seen in both single particle spectra and jet formation. The data can best be described by inclusion of resolved photon processess as predicted by QCD.

Published
1992
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