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Studiens syfte var att studera sociala insatsgruppers avhopparverksamhet i Stockholm utifrån de yrkesverksammas perspektiv för att undersöka hur de upplever att stödet möter deltagarnas behov samt vilka faktorer de anser vara avgörande för att hjälpa deltagarna. I studien användes kvalitativ forskningsmetod, där empirin insamlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra yrkesverksamma inom SIG. Intervjumaterialet har med hjälp av tematisk analys tematiserats och analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning och teorin om sociala band. Studiens resultat visade att stöd, boende/en stabil bas, jobb/sysselsättning, mognad samt motivation var de mest betydelsefulla faktorer för avhopparprocessen, enligt de yrkesverksamma. Studiens resultat visade även att SIG kunde möta deltagarnas behov relativt bra men att särskilda behov var svåra att tillgodose. Studiens huvudsakliga slutsats är att avgörande faktorer varierar utifrån deltagarens behov, men att det finns några återkommande varav några kan förklaras av teorin om sociala band samt att SIG till stor del kan möta dessa behov. The purpose of this study was to investigate the defector program within sociala insatsgrupper in Stockholm from the perspective of the employees to find out how they perceive that the support meets the needs of the participants and which factors they find crucial to help the participants. A qualitative method was used, where the material was gathered through semi-structured interviews with four employees within SIG. The interview material was analyzed and thematized through a thematic analysis and was then compared with previous research and social bond theory. The result showed that support, accommodation, employment/studies/extracurricular activities, maturity and motivation were the most important desistance factors, according to the employees. The results also showed that SIG can meet the needs of the participants relatively well, but that some were difficult to meet. The main conclusions of this study are that crucial factors depend on the needs of the participants but there are some recurring ones, some of which can be explained by social bond theory and SIG can largely meet these needs.

International audience; Yo soy el monstruo que os habla (I Am the Monster Who Speaks to You) by Paul B. Preciado (2020), constitutes a “report”, as its subtitle reads: “Report for an Academy of Psychoanalysts”, on his status as a trans subject. In the emphatic and often poetic style that characterizes Preciado’s writing, his account is mirro-red in Franz Kafka’s story “Report for an Academy” (1917). Far from being a sim-ple highbrow reference, Preciado’s text echoes Kafka’s on numerous occasions, to the point that some of its arguments are not clear if they are not contrasted with the source text. Indeed, if we do not read Preciado’s text as a palimpsest in which the traces of what was written previously are preserved, perhaps we cannot easily appreciate the scope of his proposal of “disidentification” which, beyond gender, even reaches that of the human species. This article attempts a comparative reading of I Am the Monster Who Speaks to You and “Report to an Academy”, alongside James Marsh’s documentary Project Nim (2011), in order to contrast them with another form of radical disidentification, no longer of hu-manity, but of its opposite pole, animality, as it is conceived by Western culture.

Este trabajo explora el tratamiento de figuras marcadas por la exclusión y la liminalidad en la fantasía contemporánea centrándose en el caso de la novela "Brujas de arena" (2021), de Marina Tena. Desde una original hibridez textual, que mezcla rasgos de la fantasía clásica con notas de las llamadas ficciones climáticas, la novela articula su trama en torno a dos figuras marcadas por la exclusión (parias) que los desarraiga de cualquier comunidad –tanto de origen como de posible llegada– lo que los convierte en seres entre dos mundos (tránsfugas). Ello permite reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de opresión de las comunidades y las posibilidades de resistencia a ella., This paper explores the treatment of figures marked by exclusion and liminality in contemporary fantasy, focusing on Marina Tena’s novel "Brujas de arena" (2021). Using an original textual hybridity, which mixes features of classical fantasy with notes of the so called climatic fictions, the novel articulates its plot around two figures marked by exclusion (pariahs) that uproot them from any community –both of origin and of possible arrival–; this experience turns them into beings between two worlds (defectors). This allows us to reflect on the mechanisms of oppression of the communities and the possibilities of resistance to it.

"Yo soy el monstruo que os habla", de Paul B. Preciado (2020), constituye una relación –en el sentido de “informe”, tal como reza su subtítulo: "Informe para una academia de psicoanalistas"– sobre su estatuto de sujeto trans. En el estilo enfático y con frecuencia poético que caracteriza la escritura de Preciado, este texto está construido en espejo del relato de Franz Kafka “Informe para una Academia” (1917). Lejos de ser una simple referencia culta, el “informe” de Preciado se hace eco en numerosas ocasiones del de Kafka, hasta el punto de que algunos de sus argumentos no resultan claros si no se contrastan con el texto de origen; más aún: si no leemos el de Preciado como un palimpsesto en el que se conservan las huellas de lo escrito anteriormente, quizás no se pueda apreciar fácilmente el alcance de su propuesta de “desidentificación” que, más allá del género, se aplica incluso a la especie humana. Este artículo se propone realizar una lectura comparativa de "Yo soy el monstruo que os habla" y de “Informe para una Academia” al lado del documental "Project Nim" (2011) de James Marsh, con el fin de contrastarlos con otra forma de desidentificación radical, ya no de la humanidad, sino de su polo opuesto, la animalidad, tal como la piensa la cultura occidental., "Yo soy el monstruo que os habla" ("I Am the Monster Who Speaks to You") by Paul B. Preciado (2020), constitutes a “report”, as its subtitle reads: “Report for an Academy of Psychoanalysts”, on his status as a trans subject. In the emphatic and often poetic style that characterizes Preciado’s writing, his account is mirrored in Franz Kafka’s story “Report for an Academy” (1917). Far from being a simple highbrow reference, Preciado’s text echoes Kafka’s on numerous occasions, to the point that some of its arguments are not clear if they are not contrasted with the source text. Indeed, if we do not read Preciado’s text as a palimpsest in which the traces of what was written previously are preserved, perhaps we cannot easily appreciate the scope of his proposal of “disidentification” which, beyond gender, even reaches that of the human species. This article attempts a comparative reading of "I Am the Monster Who Speaks to You" and “Report to an Academy”, alongside James Marsh’s documentary Project Nim (2011), in order to contrast them with another form of radical disidentification, no longer of humanity, but of its opposite pole, animality, as it is conceived by Western culture.

Både internationellt och i Sverige har gängkriminaliteten ökat stadigt sedan 2000-talets början. Gängkriminaliteten orsakar stort mänskligt och ekonomiskt lidande, både för de direkta offren och för samhället i stort. Utifrån denna problembild har insatserna varit många för att stoppa gängen däribland interventioner för att få individer att lämna/hoppa av kriminella gäng. Verksamheter som bistår individer att lämna kriminella gäng benämns som avhopparverksamheter. I Malmö finns bland annat avhopparverksamheten Konsultationsteamet, som består av socialsekreterare och poliser och riktar sig till kriminella individer med en stor hotbild och som är i behov av att flytta till en ny stad. Teamet genomför initialt en utredning av avhopparens motivation och hotbild som används som underlag för ett officiellt beslut om insatser. Efter beslutet flyttas avhopparen till ett boende i en annan stad. Aspekten av samverkan har aldrig tidigare studerats i relation till Konsultationsteamet och dess arbete. Därmed syftar den aktuella studien är att undersöka de verksamma aktörernas, i.e. socialsekreterare och polisers, upplevelser och erfarenheter av arbetet inom Konsultationsteamet. Fokus har lagts på informanternas upplevelser av samverkan inom Konsultationsteamet samt samverkan med andra aktörer som deltar i arbetet med avhopparen. Studien syftar även till att studera vad för upplevelser och erfarenheter anställda på boendena har på arbetet och samverkan med Konsultationsteamet. Resultatet visar att arbetet och samverkan i Konsultationsteamet överlag upplevs fungera mycket bra. Informanterna som arbetar på boendena uttrycker även de att arbetet och samverkan med Konsultationsteamet fungerar bra. Vidare har det noterats att kvaliteten på boendena kan variera mycket vilket upplevts vara ett problem. Kontakten med Socialtjänsten skulle även kunna stärkas och förbättras då det noterats vissa brister i rådande kontakt. The problem of gang criminality has increased substantially both internationally and in Sweden since the beginning of the 21st century. Criminal gangs cause a tremendous amount of harm and suffering, both physically and economically, to the victims of the crime and to society as a whole. The efforts to stop these criminal gangs have been many. Among the interventions aimed to stop criminal gangs are exit programs which aim to help gang members leave their criminal gang. One example of an exit program is Konsultationsteamet in Malmö. Konsultationsteamet is a form of cooperation between social workers and the police. They work with gang members who have an increased level of threat targeted against them and who are in need of a relocation in a new city. The team initially conducts an investigation of the gang member's motivation and the level of threat targeted against the gang member that wants to leave. This information is used as a basis for an official decision on interventions. After the official decision, the gang member is relocated to a new city. Konsultationsteamet has been studied before. However, the aspect of cooperation has never before been investigated in relation to Konsultationsteamet. The aim of this study is therefore to study the informants' experiences of the work in Konsultationsteamet, i.e. the social workers and the police officers. The focus has been on the informants' experiences of the collaboration within Konsultationsteamet as well as collaboration with other actors who participate in the work with the exit programs. The study also aims to investigate the experiences of the employees, who work at the accommodations where the defectors are placed about their thoughts on their work and cooperation with Konsultationsteamet. The results shows that the informants at Konsultationsteamet are very satisfied with the work and cooperation within the team. The employees at the accommodations where the defectors are placed also express that their work and cooperation with Konsultationsteamet is working really well. Furthermore, it has been noted that the quality of the accommodations where the defectors are placed can vary greatly, which is perceived as a problem by all informants. Finally, the results also shows that the contact with the social services could evolve and improve more, as some shortcomings in the current contact have been noted.

Djan Seriy Anaplian és, possiblement, el personatge femení més complet creat per Iain M. Banks per a la seva sèrie sobre la Cultura (1987-2013). En Matter (2008) [Materia, 2010] Anaplian comparteix protagonisme amb els seus germanastres Ferbin i Oramen però ella és el veritable heroi. Com a dona, Djan Seriy és una pària en el seu patriarcal país natal, convertida en trànsfuga en la utopia de Banks, la Cultura. Nascuda princesa en l'antiquat regne del seu pare, el Rei Hausk, Djan és criada per a ser usada en un enllaç matrimonial segons decideixi el rei. La Cultura rescata a Anaplian per a transformar-la en ciutadana lliure posthumana i, més tard, en agent secret de Circumstàncies Especials (convertint-se així en pària interna). No obstant això, la singular trajectòria de Anaplian, el seu apoderament personal i la seva ambigua actitud vers la Cultura no han estat abordats pels estudiosos de Banks malgrat demostrar el seu posicionament ant-patriarcal. Aquest és el tema que s'examina aquí. Djan Seriy Anaplian is, possibly, the most accomplished female character created by Iain M. Banks for the Culture series (1987-2013). In Matter (2008) she shares protagonism with her step-brothers Ferbin and Oramen but she is the real hero. As a woman, Djan Seriy is a pariah in her patriarchal homeland, and eventually becomes a defector to Banks’s utopia, the Culture. Born a princess in the backward kingdom of her father King Hausk, Djan is raised to be used in matrimonial alliance at her father’s convenience. The Culture rescues Anaplian to transform her into a free posthuman citizen and, later, into a Special Circumstances secret agent (thus, a sort of inner pariah). Anaplian’s singular trajectory, her personal empowerment, and conflicted attitude towards the Culture have, however, been overlooked by scholarship on Banks’ work, despite being the most positive example of the author’s own anti-patriarchal stance. The article seeks to fill this gap by examining the latter. Djan Seriy Anaplian es, posiblemente, el personaje femenino más completo creado por Iain M. Banks para su serie sobre la Cultura (1987-2013). En Matter (2008) [Materia, 2010] Anaplian comparte protagonismo con sus hermanastros Ferbin y Oramen pero ella es la verdadera heroína. Como mujer, Djan Seriy es una paria en su patriarcal país natal, y eventualmente se convierte en tránsfuga en la utopía de Banks, la Cultura. Nacida princesa en el anticuado reino de su padre, el Rey Hausk, Djan es criada para ser usada en una alianza matrimonial según decida el rey. La Cultura rescata a Anaplian para transformarla en ciudadana libre posthumana y, más tarde, en agente secreto de Circunstancias Especiales (convirtiéndose así en paria interna). No obstante, la singular trayectoria de Anaplian, su empoderamiento personal y su ambigua actitud hacia la Cultura no han sido abordados por los estudiosos de Banks pese a demostrar su posicionamiento antipatriarcal. Este es el tema que se examina en este artículo.

Just a few years after the end of WWII, the American author Lafayette Ronald Hubbard developed the new religious movement Scientology, which has evolved over the years into one of the largest new religious movements in the world. Two decades later, an American pastor’s son named David Berg, received a revelation from God, which led to the founding of the new religious movement The Family International, formerly known as God’s Children. Over the years there have been a number of defectors that wanted to change and turn their life around. But only a few managed to gather confidence to tell the rest of the world of the circumstances and living conditions in the new religious movement that have characterized major parts of their lives. The main purpose of this study was to elucidate how former members and defectors portrayed and experienced the explicit and implicit exercise of power in two, American founded, new religious movements. In addition, the study applied the Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud’s theories in dynamic psychology and religion, in order to interpret the former members depictions, in relation to the attitudes expressed. The didactic relevance of this study refers to the growth and the more frequent sight of new religious movements in our society. The society, primarily in the media, but also in scientific contexts, has associates these movements with the negative loaded word sect, which has led to appearance of difficulties in the education of religion. Therefore, contributes this study, based on a neutral and a non-evaluative perspective of new religious movements, to eliminate prejudices and create tolerance among all students. What emerged along the course of the study was that the explicit control and exercise of power was established in the charismatic attribute and, above all, the power holder’s ability to convince and persuade the members was one of the major parts in the power structure. The study also illustrates how the implicit exercise of power of the Scientology constantly revolved around money and The Family International around sex relations. In conclusion, the leaders explicit and implicit exercise of power integrates with each other and has its foundation in the charismatic leadership and the ability to convince and persuade its members. The conclusion also illustrates how the members adaption and submission to its leader was an unconscious act according to Freud’s theory, concerning defense mechanism. As a result, the leaders achieved to manage the movements without resistance and questioning, and also got expression for their own manners.

The history of the beginning of X-ray research and X-ray instrumentation development in St. Petersburg is summarized in the current article. The history of the discovery of X-ray radiation, made by Professor Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen of The University of Wuerzburg on November 8, 1895 is briefly described. The history of the formation and the development of the main scientific centers in Leningrad for the study of X-rays and the contribution of outstanding scientists in the development of this field of knowledge and the history of the formation and growth of enterprises developing and producing X-ray devices is explained. These centers include A.F. Ioffe RAS Institute of Physics and Technology, created on the basis of the world's first state X-ray and radiological institute, The Department of Solid Body Electronics of St. Petersburg State University, The NGO "Burevestnik" (now the "Burevestnik" Innovation Center), The Department of Nuclear Geophysics of Leningrad State University, The All-Russian Research Institute of Exploratory Geophysics name after Rudgeophysic A.A. Logachev, The RAS Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) Institute of Nuclear Physics named after B.P. Konstantinov, The “Svetlana” (currently “Svetlana-Roentgen”) Leningrad Association of Electronic Instrumentation, The NIPC ELECTRON Research and Production Company, and The "LETI" St. Petersburg State Electrical University named after. V.I. Ul’yanov (Lenin). The names and achievements of the outstanding scientists and developers of X-ray equipment working in universities and enterprises of the city are named. X-ray devices, which were developed in Leningrad enterprises from the first models to the state-of-the-art X-ray devices that were being developed at the St. Petersburg plants are listed. Additional attention is paid to X-ray fluorescent analytical techniques and X-ray fluorescent analysis methods.Keywords: X-ray, spectrometer, analyzer, diffractometer, separator, defector, X-ray tube, crystal analyzer, detectorDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.3.005B.D. Kalinin “Pretsizion Tekhnologies” Co. Lt,ul. Altai, 12, St. Petersburg, 196066, Russian Federation, В работе рассмотрена история начала исследований рентгеновского излучения и развития рентгеновского приборостроения в Санкт-Петербурге. Приведены сведения из истории открытия рентгеновского излучения, сделанного профессором Вюрцбургского университета Вильгельмом Конрадом Рентгеном 8 ноября 1895 года. Описана история становления и развития основных научных центров Ленинграда по изучению рентгеновского излучения, предприятий, разрабатывающих и выпускающих рентгеновские приборы, и вклад выдающихся ученых в развитие этой области знаний. К числу таких центров отнесены: Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе РАН, созданный на базе первого в мире Государственного рентгенологического и радиологического университета; НПО «Буревестник» (в настоящее время «АО Инновационный Центр «Буревестник»); кафедра электроники твёрдого тела Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета; кафедра ядерной геофизики Ленинградского государственного университета; Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт разведочной геофизики Рудгеофизика им. А.А. Логачева; Ленинградский (в настоящее время Петербургский) институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова РАН; Ленинградское объединение электронного приборостроения «Светлана» (в настоящее время АО «Светлана-Рентген»); Научно-исследовательская и производственная компания НИПК «ЭЛЕКТРОН»; Санкт-Петербургский государственный электротехнический университет «ЛЭТИ» им. В.И. Ульянова (Ленина). Названы имена и достижения выдающихся ученых и разработчиков рентгеновской аппаратуры, работающих в ВУЗах и на предприятиях города. Перечислены рентгеновские приборы, которые разработаны на Ленинградских предприятиях от первых моделей, до современного состояния рентгеновских приборов, которые разрабатываются на предприятиях Санкт-Петербурга. Большее внимание уделено рентгенофлуоресцентной аналитической технике и способам рентгенофлуоресцентного анализа.Ключевые слова: рентгеновское излучение, спектрометр, анализатор, дифрактометр, сепаратор, дефектоскоп, рентгеновская трубка, кристалл-анализатор, детектор DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2020.24.3.005

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka hur ett urval av svenska kommuner arbetar med avhoppare från kriminella grupperingar, samt huruvida detta arbete är likvärdigt mellan kommunerna. Tidigare forskning som utförts inom detta område är främst internationell vilket tyder på att forskningsfältet är relativt outforskat i Sverige. De studier som gjorts tydliggör dock att avhoppare är en målgrupp i behov av ett omfattande stöd, då individerna går igenom en stor förändring gällande livsstilen under avhopparprocessen. Vidare visar tidigare forskning att avhoppare i stor utsträckning inte upplevt myndigheter som en betydelsefull del i att lämna kriminella grupperingar, samt att tillgången till det stöd som krävs varierar. De teoretiska perspektiv som legat till grund för denna studie är Luhmanns systemteori och Goldbergs förklaringsmodell, där begrepp som funktionell differentiering av samhället, interpenetration, strukturell koppling och självbild varit användbara. Det framgår utifrån resultatet att enbart 14 av de 26 kommuner som ingick i urvalet har ett påvisat arbete med målgruppen avhoppare, och det arbete som utförs inom dessa 14 kommuner varierar gällande typ av verksamhet, insatser och krav. Detta indikerar på att arbetet med avhoppare ännu kan bli mer likvärdigt i svenska kommuner. Resultatet i denna studie kan tillföra betydelsefull kunskap gällande arbetet med avhoppare, vilket således kan bidra till en vidareutveckling av det sociala arbetet med målgruppen.

Küreselleşme ve yeni dünya düzeniyle ülkemizde, özellikle Avrupa'da nefret söylemleri günden güne artmaktadır. Yabancılara karşı olan nefret söylemleri ilerleyen zamanlarda ırkçılık hatta soykırıma kadar varacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; göç olgusunu tarihsel perspektifte ele alıp, özellikle sosyal politika açısından yabancı düşmanlığını irdeleyip, entegrasyon sorunlarına değinmektir. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde; göç, göçmen, mülteci, sığınmacı kavramlarından bahsedilmektedir. Toplum kavramı irdelenmiş olup küreselleşmenin ve yeni dünya düzeninin göçe olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Yabancı düşmanlığının kavramsal analizi yapılıp, tarihsel süreç içinde yabancı düşmanlığını ile mücadelede yapılan ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde; Türkiye'ye yapılan göçler tarihsel açıdan ele alınmış, Türkiye'deki mülteci sorunu irdelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde ise; Bursa ilinde Suriyeliler sorunu ve yabancı düşmanlığı araştırılmıştır. Bursa'nın farklı ilçelerinden rastgele 50 kişi ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Hedef kitleye mültecilerle ilgili genel görüşleri sorulmuş ve analiz edilmiştir. Globalization and the New World order, increased hatred speeches day by day in our country and especially in Europe.The hate speech against strangers will soon reach racism or even genocide. The purpose of this study is; To deal with the phenomenon of migration in a historical perspective, to examine Zenophobia especially in terms of social policy and to address the problems of integration.In the first part of the work, conceptual analysis of zenophobia were carried out and national and international regulations on zenophobia in the historical process were given.The second part of the study; Migration and history, reasons for migration, refugee, asylum seeker and immigrant are handed. The problems faced by refugees and the possibilities they have are mentioned. In the third chapter; 50 people from Bursa who are randomly from different districts of the province Conducted were interviewed about the terms of the the new world order problems experienced in the application and integration of European refugees in Turkey as a comparative, after migration, unemployment rates. The general opinion of the target group on refugees has been asked and analyzed. 115

Mülteci olarak bir ülkeye sığınma olayı 21.yüzyılda özellikle Ortadoğu ve Afrika'da meydana gelen iççatışmalardan dolayı bugün en yüksek seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Özelikle Suriye'de yaşanan iççatışmalardan dolayı ülkesini terk eden mülteciler başta Türkiye olmak üzere Lübnan ve Ürdün'demisafir edilmektedir. Fakat Avrupalı ülkeler uluslararası küresel sorun olan küresel göç sorunu ileuzun bir süre yüzleşmek istememiştir Mülteci sorununun Batı'ya özelliklede Avrupa'ya veyauzanmaya başlamasıyla Batılı devletler sorunla ilgili olarak önlem ve tedbir almaya başlamışlardır. Budoğrultuda kısmen de olsa mültecileri kabul etmeye başlamışlardır. Hatta Batılı ülkeler uluslararasıhukuk çerçevesinde yeni düzenlemeler yapmışlardır. Ayrıca Batılı devletlerle birlikte Türkiye'demülteci ve göç politikalarını yeniden gözden geçirerek yasal düzenlemeler yapmıştır. Bu yasalDüzenlemeler ile Türkiye öncelikle göç politikalarını bir düzene sokmak istemiş ve aynı zamanda dave mülteci sorunlarını en aza indiremeye çalışmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, Türkiye'deki yaşananmülteci problemleri analiz edilerek geçmişten günümüze kadar var olan temel yasalar çerçevesindeproblemlerin hukuki boyutları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu tezin amacı, milliyetleri, dinleri, ırkları ve yasiyasi düşünsel farklılıkları nedeniyle yaşadığı topraklarını bırakmak zorunda kalan insanlarınyaşadıkları sosyal ekonomik sıkıntıları ile insan hakları sorunlarını hukuki çerçeveyle ortayakoymaktır. Ayrıca bu çalışmanın bir diğer amacı, yaşanan kültürel çatışmalarla birlikte mültecilerinyaşadıkları problemleri toplumun diğer kesimi tarafından görülmesini sağlamaktır. Asylum has reached the highest level today, especially due to the domestic conflicts that occurred inthe Middle East and Africa in 21st Century. Particularly, refugees leaving their country by reason ofdomestic conflicts in Syria are being hosted mainly in Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan. However,European countries did not want to confront the migration issue, which in fact has been a globalproblem. As the refugee problem reached out to the West and began to feature in Europe, Westerncountries have begun to take measures and precautions regarding the problem. As a consequence, theyhave started to accept refugees in patches. Furthermore, they have made new regulations in theinternational law framework. Turkey, too, has revised her refugee and immigration policies and madenew arrangements. With these new arrangements, Turkey wanted to bring an order to her immigrationpolicy as well as minimising the refugee problems. In the very same process, refugee problems inTurkey have been analysed and the legal aspects of these problems have been examined in theframework of basic laws from past to present. Additionaly, this thesis aims to reveal the social andeconomic grievances faced by those, who had to leave their homeland because of their nationalities,religions, breed and diverse political thoughts; as well as the human rights problems in the legalframework. Another aim of this thesis is to enable the local community, along with their culturalconflict, to acknowledge the problems that the refugees are facing. 88

This study analyzes the migratory experiences of North Korean women who crossed the Sino-Korean border and found their way into South Korea. Transposed from the world's most digitally-disconnected societies to one of the most digitally-oriented societies, these North Korean migrants make an interesting case for scholars in the field of ICTs for Development (ICTD) regarding the role of ICTs in the course of their escape and resettlement. Based on qualitative interviews with North Korean women settled in South Korea, this study analyzes the extent to which mobile phones facilitate their resettlement process. We found that North Korean migrants use ICTs strategically to avoid direct interaction with South Koreans by hiding behind computer-mediated communications. ICTs assisted their strategic use by enabling their behaviors of 1) seeking help online anonymously; 2) hiding their identity via text-based communications; 3) managing a manipulated identity on social media. Consequently, this can lead to further segregating themselves from the host society. The paper argues that empowering migrants via ICTs is not a sufficient condition and further efforts should be made to change how the host society embraces new settlers. Accepted version

Yüksek Lisans Tezi Göç özünde bir yer değiştirme hareketidir. Bireylerin veya grupların bulundukları yerden çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak başka bir yere geçici ya da sürekli olarak geçmesidir. Yasadışı göç ise, bir ülkenin sınırları içerisinde bulunan yerlere girişte ve çıkışta o ülkenin yasalarla belirlemiş olduğu esas ve usulleri ihlal ederek sınırların geçilmesini ifade etmektedir. Giriş ve çıkışlar için o ülkenin tahsis ettiği sınır kapılarının kullanılmadan kaçak olarak geçiş yapıldığı gibi sahte seyahat belgeleri ile kara, deniz, demiryolu ve hava yolu ile de o ülkenin sınır kapılarından girmeye veya çıkmaya çalışmak yasadışı göçe başvuranların kullandığı diğer metotlar olup bu yöntemler çeşitlilik arz etmektedir. Genel olarak yasadışı göç olgusunda, düşük gelir düzeyindeki ülkelerden yüksek gelirli ülkelere doğru bir akım söz konusuyken, günümüzde artık gelişmekte olan ülkelere doğru da yasadışı göç akımıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Doksanlı yıllardan başlayarak Türkiye özellikle Asya ve Ortadoğu ülkelerinden Batı Avrupa ülkelerine doğru yapılan yasadışı göç akımına maruz kalmış olup, Sovyetler Birliğinin çökmesiyle birlikte önceden Sovyet Bloğu içinde yer alan Ukrayna, Moldova, Belarus gibi ülkelerin vatandaşlarının yasadışı göç hareketlerine maruz kalmıştır. Türkiye Avrupa?ya geçişte kendi vatandaşları tarafından da yasadışı göçte kaynak ülke haline getirilmiş olup Trakya üzerinden Avrupa?ya yasadışı yollarla geçmeye çalışan birçok yabancı uyruklu göçmenlerin yanı sıra vatandaşlarımız da yakalanmıştır. Günümüzde yasadışı göç konusunun birçok ülkeyi ilgilendiren sorun haline gelmesinde çok çeşitli etkenler bulunmaktadır. Kaynak ya da hedef ülke olarak yasadışı göç meselesi birçok devleti zor durumda bırakmakta ve devletler yasadışı göç sorununa bir çözüm aramaktadırlar. Türkiye son yıllarda büyüyen ekonomisi ve Avrupa Birliğine geçişte bir transit ülke olması münasebetiyle yasadışı göç ve mültecilik gibi sorunlarla gün geçtikçe daha fazla yüzleşmek zorunda kalmıştır. Türkiyenin önemli problemi olan yasadışı göçün Trakya bölgesindeki durumu ve etkileri ayrıntısıyla incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda konu ile ilgili olarak Edirne ilinde yakalanan kaçak göçmenlerle bir anket çalışması yapılmış ve onları göçe iten nedenler, geldikleri ülkelerdeki sorunlar, gidilmek istenen hedef ülke gibi çeşitli bilgiler araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma yasadışı göç ile ilgili yeni veriler sunarak Türkiyenin Trakya bölgesindeki yasadışı göç sorunsalını gözler önüne sermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Abstract Migration is the relocation in substance. It is the thing that individuals or groups from the place they have been, go to another place for temporarily or permanent due to various reasons. The illegal migration expresses crossing borders with violating the principles and procedures which is determined by laws of the country in the entry and exit from the places inside of a country?s borders. As a fugitive, making transition without using the border gates which provided by the country, trying to enter or exit from the border gates of the country with fake travel documents using the highway, sea, railway and airline are the methods of the people who apply to the illegal migration. These methods can be varied. In the general case of the illegal migration, when the flow was from the lowincome countries to the high-income countries, nowadays the illegal migration flow to the developing countries can be encountered. Since 1990s, Turkey was exposed illegal migration flow especially from Asia and Middle East countries to Western European countries. With collapse of the Soviet Union, Turkey was also exposed illegal migration flow from the citizens of the countries which were in Soviet Bloc before like Ukrania, Moldova and Belarus. In transition to the Europe, Turkey was worked up into source country in illegal migration by its own citizens. From Thrace, as well as many migrants from foreign nationalities who were trying to pass to Europe with illegal ways, our citizens were caught. Nowadays, There are many reasons about the topic of illegal migration like being a problem which interest many countries. With being a source or a target country, the topic of illegal migration leaves many countries in difficult situation and all the countries seek solution about it. Turkey has to face more day by day with the problems like illegal migration and refugee because of its growing economy in these last years and being a transit country in passing to Europe.The case of illegal migration which is the important problem of Turkey in Thrace region and its effects was analyzed with the details. In this context, a survey was made with the illegal immigrants which caught in Edirne city and various informations were searched like the reasons which led them to migration, the problems of the countries that they came from. This work aims at revealing the case of Turkey in Thrace region with presenting the new datas about illegal migration.