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Over the years, the rise in the fuel prices has lead the adulteration market to develop new techniques for blending the inferior adulterants into the highly taxed petroleum products. Despite of various adulteration monitoring techniques existing in place, this illegal practice of profit making by using subsidized fuels as adulterants still persists. The emission from consumption of such adulterated fuels has contributed to the global Air pollution and various health hazards linked to it. This calls for the ease and precision of monitoring techniques. This study reviews the use of emerging fields of technology like microfluidics, metamaterial, microfabrication and fiber optics to develop Adulteration detection systems for Diesel which provides higher sensitivity and portability as compared to the existing lab based methods. Also, experimentation results measuring density of the fuel suggests adulteration above16.66% is unacceptable.

FACS system (Fluorescence activated cell sorting) separate cells which are selectively labeled with electric charges. These charged cells then are sorted with help of electrostatic deflection system. Processing the signal helps in monitoring various parameters of the sample liquid like size, shape, complexity, protein content, etc. In this FACS system the liquid has to be passed through hydrodynamic focusing. But throughput of the system also has to be contemplated (FACS review paper). Droplet based microfluids constitutes a viable device set that empowers chemical and biological tests to carried out at high speed and with improved effectiveness when compared to ordinary instrumentation [1]. Droplet microfluidics will give better results in terms of speed [1] [2], throughput and accuracy of medical Diagnosis systems. Study on droplet breakup is carried out to focus characteristics of flow of liquid through microchannel for better analysis and detection in sampling the test liquid. Objective of this paper includes studying the formation of droplets of the sample liquid within the microchannel under normal circumstances and then to understand the effects of the heat emitted by the closely placed laser on droplet formation.

The electromechanical switches have been playing an important role in technology particularly in the industrial applications. Along with many components, this switch is also miniaturized and showing many interesting properties. In this work, the design and development of micro-cantilevers switch array for increasing the current handling capacity of the device for switching applications is presented. The aim is to design an array of MEMS cantilever beam switch with low actuation voltage for large current handling applications. The aluminum interconnects having current density in the endurable range is the backbone for the designed cantilever switch. These switches are arranged in parallel to split the current in multiple interconnect. The switch is fabricated and electrically tested to compare the experimental values and theoretical model. The characterization results show an increase in current handling capacity with lower actuation voltage in these switches. This switch can also be configured for multiple numbers of cantilever beams for scaling up the current capacity with low actuation voltage. Thus MEMS-based switch can be used for various power electronic circuits and applications with added advantages. Display Omitted Increasing the current handling capacity of cantilever switches.Batch Fabrication - Cantilever Array.Performance analysis based on our previous finding "reference 4".Power - 10mW for single beam.Testing of these devices is done to ascertain the enhancement in full power handling potential (Current capacity).

This paper presents a design optimization and fabrication of Micro Cantilever which is used for switching application. The length and thickness of a cantilever beam as well as a gap space between the electrodes determines actuation voltage and should be optimized to ensure the best performance of a device. To design the cantilever switch with low actuation voltage and the current density which can be handled by the aluminium interconnects. We have optimized the design of cantilever with Taguchi method of Design of Experiments. Analysis of variance is performed to get the important design parameters from varied parameters considered. It also provides a better understanding of the key factors contributing to the performances of MEMS cantilever switch. The optimized statistical data evaluated is used to simulate the design with help of CoventorWare software. The optimized device design is implemented and electrically tested.

Silicon nitride thin film dielectrics are used in capacitive radio frequency micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) switches since they provide a low insertion loss, good isolation, and low return loss. The lifetime of these switches is believed to be adversely affected by charge trapping in the silicon nitride. The goal of this research was to characterize Si 3 N 4 -based MIM (Metal–Insulator–Metal) capacitors to describe the mechanisms responsible for the conduction and trapping behaviour in MEMS switches. The silicon nitride films were deposited by ICP chemical vapour deposition at room temperatures. The upper Si 3 N 4 layer was removed by the reactive ion etching process (RIE) in order to provide contact paths to the bottom electrode. In the near-stoichiometric films, different electrical characterizations were performed to study dependence of the leakage current on different electrical parameters. It was concluded that the Poole–Frenkel mechanism dominated the conduction in the silicon nitride films at high fields.