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Exercise is often recommended for fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence and change in the pain characteristics of fibromyalgia patients when breathing exercises were added to their exercise program. A total of 106 patients were included and randomly divided into two groups. Τhe first group of patients followed a program of active exercises up to the limits of pain, lasting 30 min with a repetition of two times a week. Patients of the second group followed the same program with the addition of diaphragmatic breaths when they reached the pain limit. The patients completed three questionnaires: the Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and the Pain Quality Assessment Scale (PQAS)—once at the beginning, once again after three weeks of exercise, and again 3 months since the beginning of the program. Independent t-tests for the mean total change scores in pain scales demonstrated that for the second group there was a greater improvement in all pain scales, except for the PQAS Deep Pain subscale (p = 0.38). In conclusion, both groups showed significant improvement in all characteristics of the pain scales; however, the improvement of the second group was significantly higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article covers the issues associated with determining spleen topography in living individuals in an up- right body position, as well as assessing the organ displacement during a deep breath and a change in shoulder position. A review of scientific literature revealed that all previous studies on the mechanism underlying spleen injuries are based on the generally accepted topographic location of the organ, which was determined using cadaveric material. Aim. To determine spleen topography (holotopy and skeletopy) in living individuals (both male and female) of different age groups, as well as to assess the organ displacement during a deep breath and when the shoulder position is changed. Material and methods. We conducted spleen ultrasound in adults of various age groups (males and females), 30 of whom were also examined in terms of its displacement when the shoulder position was changed. The position of the organ was noted during quiet and deep breathing, as well as when the shoulder position was changed; distance between the reference points was measured with the subsequent statistical analysis of the results. Results. It was found that the spleen of a quietly breathing person in an upright body position is projected from the lower edge of the 8th left rib to 10th left rib along axillary lines. During a deep breath, the organ is displaced downward, on average by 5.15 ± 1.48 cm (from 3 cm to 8 cm), and slightly, on average by 1.34 ± 1.25 cm, forward (from 1 cm to 4.5 cm). The longitudinal axis of the spleen is perpendicular to that of the rib. Changes in the position of the shoulder in the shoulder joint revealed no spleen displacement. Conclusion. The obtained data on the topographic location of the spleen will allow forensic medical experts to establish as objectively as possible the mechanism underlying spleen damage in terms of locating injurious exposure.

Exercise is often recommended for fibromyalgia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence and change in the pain characteristics of fibromyalgia patients when breathing exercises were added to their exercise program. A total of 106 patients were included and randomly divided into two groups. Τhe first group of patients followed a program of active exercises up to the limits of pain, lasting 30 min with a repetition of two times a week. Patients of the second group followed the same program with the addition of diaphragmatic breaths when they reached the pain limit. The patients completed three questionnaires: the Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool (FiRST), the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and the Pain Quality Assessment Scale (PQAS)—once at the beginning, once again after three weeks of exercise, and again 3 months since the beginning of the program. Independent t-tests for the mean total change scores in pain scales demonstrated that for the second group there was a greater improvement in all pain scales, except for the PQAS Deep Pain subscale (p = 0.38). In conclusion, both groups showed significant improvement in all characteristics of the pain scales; however, the improvement of the second group was significantly higher.

Abstrak PenyakitParu Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) adalah penyakit progresif menahun yang ditandai dengan keterbatasan pernapasan yaitu dispnea berhubungan dengan respon inflamasi dan terpapar polusi atau racun yang terinhalasi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu efektifitas kombinasi napas dalam dengan napas diafragma untuk meningkatkan Arus Puncak Ekspirasi (APE). Desain penelitian yaitu menggunakan pre post control dengan beda kelompok, sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 25 orang kontrol dan 25 orang intervensi total 50 kresponden yang menderita PPOK. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasi uji wilcoxon untuk grup intervensi P value 0,05, grup kontrol P value0,05, untuk uji man witney 0,05. Kesimpulan terapi ombinasi napas dalam dengan napas diafragma terbukti lebih efisien untuk meningkatkkan Arus Puncak Eskpirasi (APE). Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by respiratory limitation of dyspnea associated with inflammatory responses and exposure to pollution or toxins inhaled. The purpose of this study is the effectiveness of the combination of deep breath with diaphragm breath to increase the peak flow of expiration (APE). The research design was using pre post control with different group, the sample used was 25 controls and 25 people intervention total 50 kresponden suffering from COPD. The results showed that the test results of wilcoxon for intervention group P value 0,05, control group P value 0,05, for man witney test 0,05. The conclusion of deep breathing omginations with diaphragmatic breath proves to be more efficient to increase the peak expiration flow (PEF).