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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a positive sense RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, which includes several medically notable arboviruses such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West [...]

Background Care seeking was assessed in preparation for a study of the health impact of novel design houses in rural Mtwara, Tanzania. Methods A total of 578 residents of 60 villages participated in this mixed-methods study from April to August 2020. Among them, 550 participated in a healthcare-seeking survey, 17 in in-depth interviews and 28 in key informant interviews. Results The decision to seek care was based on symptom severity (95.4% [370]). Caregivers first visited non-allopathic healthcare providers or were treated at home, which led to delays in seeking care at healthcare facilities. More than one-third (36.0% [140]) of respondents took >12 h seeking care at healthcare facilities. The majority (73.0% [282]) visited healthcare facilities, whereas around one-fifth (21.0% [80]) sought care at drug stores. Treatment costs deterred respondents from visiting healthcare facilities (61.4% [338]). Only 10 (3.6%) of the households surveyed reported that they were covered by health insurance. Conclusions Quality of care, related to institutional factors, impacts timely care seeking for childhood illnesses in Mtwara, Tanzania. Ensuring accessibility of facilities is therefore not sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of affordable healthy homes are needed for the rapidly expanding population of sub-Saharan Africa. This enormous challenge is an opportunity to address pervasive health issues linked to housing, where diseases that most impact children—malaria, diarrhoea and respiratory tract infections—are often acquired. A pilot project in northern Tanzania demonstrated the potential of novel house designs to reduce infectious disease transmission in homes. To conduct a randomized controlled trial of one novel-design house, the research team moved to the southeast of the country. This article describes the challenges experienced during the construction and initial evaluation of the novel house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We believe a lack of transparency undermines both the credibility of, and interest in, stated choice studies among policy makers. Unlike articles reporting the results of contingent valuation studies, papers in the stated choice literature rarely present simple tabulations of raw response data (that is, a table or graph showing the percentage of respondents agreeing to purchase a good or service, or vote for a proposed management plan as a function of price). We describe an approach for adding "policy" tasks to a standard orthogonal-in-attribute-levels research design that allows the researcher to plot raw responses as a function of changes in only one characteristic of the offered good or service. We demonstrate this approach using data from a stated choice study of private demand for cholera and typhoid vaccines in Kolkata, India, carried out in the summer of 2004.

Author(s): Lorenz von Seidlein 1,2,*, Hannah Wood 3, Otis Sloan Brittain 3, Lucy Tusting 4, Alexa Bednarz 5, Salum Mshamu 6, Catherine Kahabuka 6, Jacqueline Deen 7, David Bell 8, [...]

Objective To describe and analyse the characteristics of oral cholera vaccination campaigns; Including location, target population, logistics, vaccine coverage and delivery costs. Methods We searched PubMed, the World Health Organization (WHO) website and the Cochrane database with no date or language restrictions. We contacted public health personnel, experts In the field and in ministries of health and did targeted web searches. Findings A total of 33 documents were included In the analysis. One country, Viet Nam, incorporates oral cholera vaccination into its public health programme and has administered approximately 10.9 million vaccine doses between 1997 and 2012. In addition, over 3 million doses of the two WHO pre-qualified oral cholera vaccines have been administered in more than 16 campaigns around the world between 1997 and 2014. These campaigns have either been pre-emptive or reactive and have taken place under diverse conditions, such as in refugee camps or natural disasters. Estimated two-dose coverage ranged from 46 to 88% of the target population. Approximate delivery cost per fully immunized person ranged from 0.11-3.99 United States dollars. Conclusion Experience with oral cholera vaccination campaigns continues to Increase. Public health officials may draw on this experience and conduct oral cholera vaccination campaigns more frequently. Objectif Decrire et analyser les caracteristiques des campagnes de vaccination orale contre le cholera; y compris le site, la population cible, la logistique, la couverture vaccinale et les couts de distribution. Methodes Nous avons effectue des recherches dans PubMed, le site Internet de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) et la base de donnees Cochrane sans aucune restriction de date ou de langue. Nous avons contacte des membres du personnel de la sante publique, des experts travaillant dans le domaine et dans les ministeres de la Sante et nous avons cible les recherches sur Internet. Resultats Nous avons inclus 33 documents au total dans l'analyse. Un seul pays, le Viet Nam, inclut la vaccination orale anticholerlque dans son programme de sante publique et a administre environ 10,9 millions de doses de vacclns entre 1997 et 2012. En outre, plus de 3 millions de doses des deux vaccins oraux anticholeriques prequalifies de I'OMS ont ete administres dans plus de 16 campagnes de vaccination dans le monde entier entre 1997 et 2014. Ces campagnes ont ete menees en prevention ou en reaction et ont eu lieu dans diverses conditions, comme dans des camps de refugies ou lors de catastrophes naturelles. La couverture estimee des deux doses etait comprise entre 46 et 88% de la population cible. Les frais de distribution approximatifs par personne entierement vaccinee sont compris entre 0,11 et 3,99 dollars. Conclusion L'experience avec les campagnes de vaccination orale contre le cholera continue a se developper. Les responsables de la sante publique peuvent tirer profit de cette experience et mener plus frequemment des campagnes de vaccination orale contre le cholera. Objetivo Describir y analizar las caracteristicas de las campanas de vacunacion oral contra el colera, incluyendo la ubicacion, la poblacion objetivo, la logistica, los costes de cobertura y la entrega de vacunas. Metodos Realizamos busquedas en PubMed, la pagina web de la Organizacion Mundial de la salud (OMS) y la base de datos Cochrane sin restricciones de fechas ni idioma. Nos pusimos en contacto con el personal de salud publica, expertos del sector y los ministerios de salud, y realizamos busquedas especificas en la web. Resultados Se incluyo un total de 33 documentos en el analisis. Un pais, Viet Nam, incorpora vacunas orales contra el colera en su programa de salud publica y ha administrado aproximadamente 10,9 millones de dosis de vacunas entre 1997 y 2012. Ademas, se han administrado mas 3 de millones de dosis de las dos vacunas orales contra el colera orales que cumplen con los requisitos de la OMS en mas de 16 campanas en todo el mundo realizadas entre 1997 y 2014. Estas campanas han sido preventivas o reactivas, y se han llevado a cabo en diversas condiciones, como en campamentos de refugiados o desastres naturales. La cobertura estimada de dos dosis oscilo entre el 46 y 88% de la poblacion objetivo. El coste aproximado del suministro por persona completamente inmunizada oscilo entre 0,11 y 3,99 dolares de los Estados Unidos. Conclusion La experiencia con las campanas de vacunacion oral contra el colera sigue aumentando. Los funcionarios de salud publica pueden aprovechar esta experiencia y realizar campanas de vacunacion orales contra el colera con mayor frecuencia., Introduction Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 causes severe diarrhoea and the main strategies to prevent the disease are to promote hygiene and to ensure safe water and sanitation. These basic [...]

Author(s): Lorenz von Seidlein 1,2,*, Jacqueline L. Deen 3 The technology for a killed oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was developed by Jan Holmgren and colleagues in Sweden in the 1970s [...]