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Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions play a decisive role in biological procedures such as burning, polymer creation, ceramic construction, distillation, and catalysis. The magnetic properties of hemoglobin molecules are organic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electronic components with an electromagnetic field are now readily available, allowing for the explanation of fundamental biological processes. These ideas form the foundation of an ongoing study that attempts to look into the impact of both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactivity on the peristaltic transport of magnetohydrodynamics Oldroyd-B fluid. When convective and partial sliding conditions are present, the configuration changes to a non-uniform vertical channel. The fundamental partial differential equations are resolved utilizing the Homotopy Analysis Method. Entropy optimization has been carried out. The primary limits entering the problem are investigated, and then a graph is used to show the influences of temperature, velocity, skin fraction, Nusselt number, and pressure increase against mean circulation, trapping phenomena, homogeneous reactions, and heterogeneous way to respond. When magnetic parameter rises, the velocity of Oldroyd-B fluid and Bejan number decrease, while temperature, entropy generation, and pressure gradient increase. The tables show that the skin friction coefficient rises for accumulative values of the Grashof number and magnetic parameter, while the skin friction coefficient drops for rising values of the velocity slip parameter and Reynolds number. The Nusselt number increases for large values of Eckert, Grashof numbers, and magnetic parameters.

It is important to examine and comprehend how HIV interacts with the immune system in order to manage the infection, enhance patient outcomes, advance medical research, and support global health and socioeconomic stability. In this study, we formulate the dynamics of HIV infection to investigate the intricate interactions between HIV and T-cells. The Atangana-Baleanu and Caputo-Fabrizio derivative frameworks are applied to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of HIV viral transmission. The basic concepts and results of fractional calculus are presented for the analysis of the model. In our work, we focus on the dynamical behavior of HIV and immune system. We introduce numerical schemes to elucidate the solution pathways of the recommended system of HIV. We have shown the influence of various input factors on the solution pathways of the recommended fractional system and highlighted the oscillatory behavior and chaotic nature of the dynamics. Our findings demonstrate the complexity of the system under study by revealing the existence of the chaotic and oscillatory nature in the dynamics of HIV. In order to quantitatively characterize HIV dynamics, a number of simulations are carried out, providing a visual representation of the effects of different input variables. It has been observed that the chaos and the oscillatory behaviour is strongly related to the nonlinearity of the system. The present study provides a basis for further initiatives that try to enhance interventions and policies to lessen the worldwide burden of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles have gained recognition for significantly improving convective heat transfer efficiency near boundary layer flows. The characteristics of both momentum and thermal boundary layers are significantly influenced by the Prandtl number, which holds a crucial role. In this vein, the current study conducted a detailed computational analysis of the mixed convection flow of |$\gamma$| Al |$_2$| O |$_3$| -H |$_2$| O and |$\gamma$| Al |$_2$| O |$_3$| -C |$_2$| H |$_6$| O |$_2$| nanofluids over a stretching surface. This research integrates an effective Prandtl number, utilizing viscosity and thermal conductivity models based on empirical findings. Additionally, a unique double-fractional constitutive model is debuted to accurately evaluate the effective Prandtl number's function in the boundary layer. The equations were solved using a numerical technique that combined the finite-difference method with the L |$_1$| algorithm. This investigation presents numerical findings related to the velocity, temperature distributions, wall shear stress coefficient, and heat transfer coefficient, contrasting scenarios with and without the effective Prandtl number. The research shows that integrating nanoparticles into the base fluids reduces the temperature of the nanofluid with an effective Prandtl number while enhancing the heat transfer rate irrespective of its presence. Nonetheless, the introduction of a fractional parameter reduced the heat transfer efficiency within the system. Notably, the |$\gamma$| Al |$_2$| O |$_3$| -C |$_2$| H |$_6$| O |$_2$| nanofluid demonstrates superior heat transfer enhancement capabilities compared to its |$\gamma$| Al |$_2$| O |$_3$| -H |$_2$| O counterpart but also exacerbates the drag coefficient more significantly. Many practical applications of this study include electronics cooling, industrial process heat exchangers, and rotating and stationary gas turbines in power plants, and efficient heat exchangers in aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the flow of 2D micropolar fluid across an inclined linear shrinking/stretching surface with suction, convective, slip and thermal radiation impact. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into an ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system using a linear similarity transformation, and the bvp4c technique is then used to solve the ODEs system in MATLAB. Comparisons of both solutions are presented. The effects of regulating flow parameters on dimensionless temperature profiles, angular velocity, velocity, skin friction, wall couple stress and heat transfer are shown graphically. Stable velocity profiles are inversely related to velocity slip and material parameter. For a given suction and stretching/shrinking parameter value, graphs show double solutions. The couple stress and skin friction in the first solution, drop then increase as the material parameter K increases. Critical points of the stretching/shrinking parameter, λ c i ≥ λ where both solutions occur, are indicated by the symbols λ c i (i.e., i = 1 , 2 , 3) , and that there is no solution when λ c i > λ. A table summarizes the stability study's results and highlights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conservation and storage of energy are important issues for human beings in the 21st century. A significant part of the energy is consumed for space cooling in buildings during summer. Passive cooling systems are used due to their low-power consumption; they, however, have some limitations such as lack of sufficient low temperature for the storage of coolth, in various localities. These problems make passive cooling technologies suitable in limited regions and scenarios. In this work, the inclusions of nanomaterials were examined to accelerate the freezing of phase changing material (PCM), with the applications of fins. The base (PCM) is water and CuO nanoparticles were used in this investigation to upgrade the performance. KKL is used to estimate the properties of CuO–water nanofluids. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to simulate this unsteady process. The outcomes indicate that incorporating CuO nanoparticles into pure PCM speeds up solidification process. The total energy and average temperature profiles decrease as the number of undulations upsurges, while the solid fraction profile rises. Furthermore, for d p = 4 0 nm, the uppermost rate of solidification is acquired. Increasing the concentration of CuO can make the freezing time to decrease by about 10.11% and 12.85% when the utilized shape factors are 3 and 5.7, respectively. Using particles with a higher shape factor causes the period to decrease by about 4% and 6.9% when concentration is 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drinking or recreating water that has been polluted with disease-causing organisms or pathogens is what causes waterborne infections. It should be noted that many water-borne infections can also transmit from person to person, by contact with animals or their surroundings, or by ingesting tainted food or beverages. Schistosomiasis is a water-borne infection found in different areas of the globe. Mostly people with this viral infection live in Africa with limited resources and medications. Therefore, investigation of this infection is significant to reduce its economic burden on the society. We formulated a novel epidemic model for schistosomiasis water-borne infection with the help of the Atangana–Baleanu derivative. The rudimentary theory of fractional-calculus has been presented for the analysis of our system. We start by looking at the model solution's non-negativity and uniqueness. The basic reproduction number and equilibria of the hypothesized water-borne infection model are next evaluated. Local stability of the infection-free steady-state has been established through Jacobian matrix method for R 0 < 1. In addition, the suggested model's solution is calculated using an iterative technique. Finally, we give numerical simulations for various input values to illustrate the impact of memory index and other input factors of the system. Our findings showed the influence of input parameters on the dynamical behaviour of the schistosomiasis infection. The results demonstrate the importance and persuasive behaviour of fractional order, and reveal that fractional memory effects in the model seem to be a good fit for this type of findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]