Search

In this practitioner article, we describe the innovative way the 5E Instructional Model was used in an online, hybrid special education undergraduate course to prepare pre-service teachers to teach academic content to their students with disabilities. We provide a rationale for the use of the model in the course, describe how we implemented the model in the course, pre-service teachers' perceptions about the model as a way to facilitate and model the process of learning for themselves and students, and discuss implications for practice.

This article provides an overview of the literature on special education law and policy and teacher preparation for special education technology use and identifies current issues, focusing on four key obstacles regarding the status of special education technology access and implementation: (a) the mismatch between legal requirements, policy recommendations, and the supports students with disabilities actually receive in schools; (b) the limited professional knowledge about special education technology and few meaningful options for making improvements to this professional body of knowledge; (c) the rapid pace of innovation in terms of availability of new apps, products, and hardware; and (d) the inherent conflicts between the commercial nature of special education technology and best special education technology practice. Recommendations, resources, and actionable ideas toward transformative change are shared with hopes for equitable and meaningful special education technology access and implementation for students with disabilities.

We studied the influence of the distribution of prey and hydrographic fronts on the spatial distribution of foraging Brunnich's guillemots (Uria lomvia) in Storfjorden, southeastern Svalbard in late July 1992. Two large breeding colonies, comprising a total of 540,000 individuals, were located adjacent to the study area, and large numbers of Brunnich's gullemots from these colonies foraged within the area, as well as to the south, outside of Storfjorden. Within the study area, most guillemots foraged on the west side of the fjord, coincident with a weak subsurface front between warm Atlantic water, which penetrated Storfjorden from the south, and cold Arctic water. Food samples from the guillemots collected in the study area contained primarily crustaceans (Parathemisto spp. and Thysanoessa inermis) and polar cod Boreogadus saida. Acoustic observations of prey were differentiated into two classes of signals, which we interpreted as originating from aggregated and dispersed organisms. The numbers of foraging guillemots were strongly correlated with the strength of echoes of the aggregated type, whereas correlations with dispersed echoes were consistently weaker. The distribution of foraging guillemots showed no significant correlations with either horizontal or vertical gradients of physical properties of the water column. Our finding that guillemots respond differently to aggregated and dispersed prey has important implications both for the interpretation of past work on the foraging ecology of marine birds, and for the management of fisheries.

We investigated relationships among three metrics of sea-ice cover in eight regions of the eastern Bering Sea and the abundance of Calanus copepods, jellyfish medusae, and year-class strength of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). In summer, Calanus spp. were more abundant over the middle shelf when sea ice lingered late into spring, and, to a lesser extent, when February sea-ice cover was heavy. Between 1982 and 1999, there were no significant (p  ≤ 0.05) relationships between the amount or timing of sea-ice cover and pollock recruitment. However, between 2000 and 2015, pollock year-class strength was positively correlated with sea ice in the outer and middle shelves, with 17 of 24 regressions significant. Pollock year-class strength was best predicted by days with sea-ice cover after February. Pollock recruitment was positively influenced by copepod numbers, particularly in the middle shelf, with r 2 values from 0.36 to 0.47. We hypothesize that the Calanus spp. present in the southeastern Bering Sea are primarily Calanus glacialis that have been advected south in association with sea ice. None of our sea-ice metrics explained the variance in jellyfish biomass. Jellyfish biomass in our study area in the pollock age-0 year was not correlated with pollock recruitment 3 years later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Respiratory viral infections account for a substantial fraction of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits. We examined the epidemiological patterns of seven common respiratory viruses in children presenting to EDs with influenza‐like illness (ILI). Additionally, we examined the co‐occurrence of viral infections in the accompanying adults and risk factors associated with the acquisition of these viruses. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab were collected from children seeking medical care for ILI and their accompanying adults (Total N = 1315). Study sites included New York Presbyterian, Bellevue, and Tisch hospitals in New York City. PCR using a respiratory viral panel was conducted, and data on symptoms and medical history were collected. Results: Respiratory viruses were detected in 399 children (62.25%) and 118 (17.5%) accompanying adults. The most frequent pathogen detected was human rhinovirus (HRV) (28.81%). Co‐infection rates were 14.79% in children and 8.47% in adults. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza infections occurred more often in younger children. Influenza and HRV occurred more often in older children. Influenza and coronavirus were mostly isolated in winter and spring, RSV in fall and winter and HRV in fall and spring. Children with HRV were more likely to have history of asthma. Adults with the same virus as their child often accompanied ≤ 2‐year‐old‐positive children and were more likely to be symptomatic compared to adults with different viruses. Conclusions: Respiratory viruses, while presenting the same suite of symptoms, possess distinct seasonal cycles and affect individuals differently based on a number of identifiable factors, including age and history of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the Eastern Bering Sea, the jellyfish Chrysaora melanaster has fluctuated widely over recent decades. We examined the role of C. melanaster as an ecosystem-structuring agent via application of ecosystem models representing inner-, mid-, and outer-shelf regions of comparable areal coverage. Chrysaora melanaster utilize 1% of total mid-shelf consumer production, or 1/4th the energy required by forage fish (capelin Mallotus villosus , Pacific herring Clupea pallasii , age-0 Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus , age-0 walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus). Model simulations show the impacts of C. melanaster are broadly distributed across consumer groups with increasingly negative impacts with higher jellyfish biomass. Age-0 pollock represent the greater part of the forage fish biomass, and observed pollock biomass during low jellyfish years (2004–2007) was significantly greater than during high jellyfish years (2009–2014). However, sensitivity among consumer groups to observed jellyfish variability is small, within 5% of baseline (2004–2015) conditions. Estimates using similar models for the Coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGoA) and Northern California Current (NCC) suggest large differences in the role of scyphozoans among northern Pacific shelf ecosystems. Only 0.1% of total summer consumer production is required to support CGoA Chrysaora , while the coastal NCC population uses 19%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]