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2. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave050): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial

Author

Thompson, Alexander, Danta, Mark, Poursoltan, Pirooz, Kiberu, Andrew, Chittajallu, Renuka, Sood, Siddarth, Stauber, Rudolf, Pinter, Matthias, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, Decaestecker, Jochen, Cuyle, Pieter-Jan, Verset, Gontran, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, De Azevedo, Sergio, Andrade, Livia, Cunha Júnior, Ademar, Faria, Luiza, Yen, Cheng Tzu, Colli, Leandro, Asselah, Jamil, Kavan, Petr, Marquez, Vladimir, Brahmania, Mayur, Li, Qiang, Xing, Baocai, Guo, Yabing, Chen, Zhendong, Zhao, Haitao, Peng, Tao, Wang, Liming, Wang, Lu, Liu, Hongming, Wu, Feixiang, Qin, Lunxiu, Zheng, Qichang, Ying, Jieer, Li, Haitao, Wen, Tianfu, Qin, Shukui, Wen, Xiaoyu, Liu, Yunpeng, Chen, Minshan, Wang, Boqing, Bai, Yuxian, He, Yifu, Zhao, Hong, Zhou, Dong, Dai, Chaoliu, Teng, Gaojun, Cui, Shuzhong, Gao, Yi, Zhang, Xizhi, Lu, Zheng, Yin, Tao, Ding, Youming, Jia, Weidong, Xia, Yongxiang, Sun, Beicheng, Xia, Qiang, Yuan, Yufeng, Sun, Huichuan, Shi, Xuetao, Guzmán, Adrián, Corrales, Luis, Kral, Zdenek, Priester, Peter, Kubala, Eugen, Blanc, Jean Frederic, Bourliere, Marc, Peron, Jean Marie, Borg, Christophe, Bronowicki, Jean-Pierre, Ganne, Nathalie, Decaens, Thomas, Uguen, Thomas, Heurgue, Alexandra, Trojan, Joerg, Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria Angeles, Roderburg, Christoph, Ettrich, Thomas, Schotten, Clemens, Kandulski, Arne, Yau, Thomas, Chan, Lam, Scartozzi, Mario, Masi, Gianluca, Fanello, Silvia, Battezzati, Pier Maria, Leonardi, Francesco, Ghidini, Michele, Numata, Kazushi, Morimoto, Manabu, Hidaka, Hisashi, Tsuchiya, Kaoru, Yamashita, Tatsuya, Kato, Naoya, Kudo, Masatoshi, Hagihara, Atsushi, Koga, Hironori, Arakawa, Tomohiro, Nakamura, Ikuo, Kawamura, Yusuke, Kawaoka, Tomokazu, Shimada, Mitsuo, Hasegawa, Kiyoshi, Marusawa, Hiroyuki, Nakamura, Shinchiro, Hiraoka, Atsushi, Hayashi, Hiromitsu, Takeda, Shin, Lee, Han Chu, Paik, Seung Woon, Kim, Do Young, Lee, Jung Il, Jeong, Sook-Hyang, Kim, Won, Tak, Won Young, Heo, Jeong, Kim, Hyeyeong, Chon, Hong Jae, Cheong, Jaeyoun, Yoon, Seung Kew, Yoon, Jung-Hwan, Villalobos, Ricardo, Martinez Rodriguez, Jorge Luis, Oyervides Juarez, Victor, Hernández, Carlos Alberto, Klumpen, Heinz-Josef, de Vos-Geelen, Judith, Gane, Edward, Montenegro, Paola, Torres Mattos, Cesar, Janczewska, Ewa, Kawecki, Maciej, Nowakowska-Zajdel, Ewa, Fedenko, Alexander, Granov, Dmitrii, Alyasova, Anna, Sekacheva, Marina, Ledin, Evgeny, Samol, Jens, Toh, Han Chong, Calvo Campos, Mariona, Gomez Martin, Carlos, Lopez Lopez, Carlos, Muñoz Martin, Andres Jesus, Calleja Panero, Jose Luis, Montero Alvarez, Jose Luis, Reig Monzón, Maria, Delgado Mingorance, Ignacio, Minguez Rosique, Beatriz, Cheng, Ann Lii, Huang, Yi-Hsiang, Lin, Shi-Ming, Huang, Jee-Fu, Yu, Ming-Lung, Su, Wei-Wen, Korphaisarn, Krittiya, Maneenil, Kunlatida, Samdaengpan, Chayanee, Tharavichitkul, Ekkapong, Ozguroglu, Mustafa, Kose, Fatih, Harputluoglu, Hakan, Buchschacher, Gary, Thuluvath, Paul, Xiong, Henry, Patel, Mital, Gold, Philip, Li, Daneng, Brooks, Gabriel, Masood, Ashiq, Patel, Reema, George, Ben, Salgia, Reena, Manji, Gulam, Crow, Mary, Kaseb, Ahmed, Dugan, Matthew, Kadakia, Kunal, Kardosh, Adel, Gibbs, John, Shah, Ashesh, Burris III, Howard, Hsiehchen, David, Cheng, Ann-Lii, Kaseb, Ahmed O, Yopp, Adam C, Zhou, Jian, Nakamura, Shinichiro, Cha, Edward, Hack, Stephen P, Lian, Qinshu, Ma, Ning, Spahn, Jessica H, Wang, Yulei, Wu, Chun, and Chow, Pierce K H

Published
2023
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3. Viral clade is associated with severity of symptomatic genotype 3 hepatitis E virus infections in Belgium, 2010–2018

Author

Peeters, Michael, Schenk, Julie, De Somer, Thomas, Roskams, Tania, Locus, Tatjana, Klamer, Sofieke, Subissi, Lorenzo, Suin, Vanessa, Delwaide, Jean, Stärkel, Peter, De Maeght, Stéphane, Willems, Philippe, Colle, Isabelle, Van Hoof, Marc, Van Acker, Jos, Van Steenkiste, Christophe, Moreno, Christophe, Janssens, Filip, Reynders, Marijke, Steverlynck, Matthias, Verlinden, Wim, Lasser, Luc, de Galocsy, Chantal, Geerts, Anja, Maus, Jeroen, Gallant, Marie, Van Outryve, Steven, Marot, Astrid, Reynaert, Hendrik, Decaestecker, Jochen, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Schreiber, Jonas, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, de Goeij, Sébastien, Salame, Mikhaël, Dooremont, Diederik, Dastis, Sergio Negrín, Boes, Juul, Nijs, Jochen, Beyls, Jan, Hens, Niel, Nevens, Frederik, Van Gucht, Steven, and Vanwolleghem, Thomas

Published
2023
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4. Supplementary Figure S3 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2024
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5. Supplementary Materials and Methods S1 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2024
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6. Supplementary Data S1 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2024
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7. Supplementary Tables S1-S10 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2024
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8. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave050): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial

Author

Qin, Shukui, primary, Chen, Minshan, additional, Cheng, Ann-Lii, additional, Kaseb, Ahmed O, additional, Kudo, Masatoshi, additional, Lee, Han Chu, additional, Yopp, Adam C, additional, Zhou, Jian, additional, Wang, Lu, additional, Wen, Xiaoyu, additional, Heo, Jeong, additional, Tak, Won Young, additional, Nakamura, Shinichiro, additional, Numata, Kazushi, additional, Uguen, Thomas, additional, Hsiehchen, David, additional, Cha, Edward, additional, Hack, Stephen P, additional, Lian, Qinshu, additional, Ma, Ning, additional, Spahn, Jessica H, additional, Wang, Yulei, additional, Wu, Chun, additional, Chow, Pierce K H, additional, Thompson, Alexander, additional, Danta, Mark, additional, Poursoltan, Pirooz, additional, Kiberu, Andrew, additional, Chittajallu, Renuka, additional, Sood, Siddarth, additional, Stauber, Rudolf, additional, Pinter, Matthias, additional, Peck-Radosavljevic, Markus, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Cuyle, Pieter-Jan, additional, Verset, Gontran, additional, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, additional, De Azevedo, Sergio, additional, Andrade, Livia, additional, Cunha Júnior, Ademar, additional, Faria, Luiza, additional, Yen, Cheng Tzu, additional, Colli, Leandro, additional, Asselah, Jamil, additional, Kavan, Petr, additional, Marquez, Vladimir, additional, Brahmania, Mayur, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Xing, Baocai, additional, Guo, Yabing, additional, Chen, Zhendong, additional, Zhao, Haitao, additional, Peng, Tao, additional, Wang, Liming, additional, Liu, Hongming, additional, Wu, Feixiang, additional, Qin, Lunxiu, additional, Zheng, Qichang, additional, Ying, Jieer, additional, Li, Haitao, additional, Wen, Tianfu, additional, Qin, Shukui, additional, Liu, Yunpeng, additional, Wang, Boqing, additional, Bai, Yuxian, additional, He, Yifu, additional, Zhao, Hong, additional, Zhou, Dong, additional, Dai, Chaoliu, additional, Teng, Gaojun, additional, Cui, Shuzhong, additional, Gao, Yi, additional, Zhang, Xizhi, additional, Lu, Zheng, additional, Yin, Tao, additional, Ding, Youming, additional, Jia, Weidong, additional, Xia, Yongxiang, additional, Sun, Beicheng, additional, Xia, Qiang, additional, Yuan, Yufeng, additional, Sun, Huichuan, additional, Shi, Xuetao, additional, Guzmán, Adrián, additional, Corrales, Luis, additional, Kral, Zdenek, additional, Priester, Peter, additional, Kubala, Eugen, additional, Blanc, Jean Frederic, additional, Bourliere, Marc, additional, Peron, Jean Marie, additional, Borg, Christophe, additional, Bronowicki, Jean-Pierre, additional, Ganne, Nathalie, additional, Decaens, Thomas, additional, Heurgue, Alexandra, additional, Trojan, Joerg, additional, Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria Angeles, additional, Roderburg, Christoph, additional, Ettrich, Thomas, additional, Schotten, Clemens, additional, Kandulski, Arne, additional, Yau, Thomas, additional, Chan, Lam, additional, Scartozzi, Mario, additional, Masi, Gianluca, additional, Fanello, Silvia, additional, Battezzati, Pier Maria, additional, Leonardi, Francesco, additional, Ghidini, Michele, additional, Morimoto, Manabu, additional, Hidaka, Hisashi, additional, Tsuchiya, Kaoru, additional, Yamashita, Tatsuya, additional, Kato, Naoya, additional, Hagihara, Atsushi, additional, Koga, Hironori, additional, Arakawa, Tomohiro, additional, Nakamura, Ikuo, additional, Kawamura, Yusuke, additional, Kawaoka, Tomokazu, additional, Shimada, Mitsuo, additional, Hasegawa, Kiyoshi, additional, Marusawa, Hiroyuki, additional, Nakamura, Shinchiro, additional, Hiraoka, Atsushi, additional, Hayashi, Hiromitsu, additional, Takeda, Shin, additional, Paik, Seung Woon, additional, Kim, Do Young, additional, Lee, Jung Il, additional, Jeong, Sook-Hyang, additional, Kim, Won, additional, Kim, Hyeyeong, additional, Chon, Hong Jae, additional, Cheong, Jaeyoun, additional, Yoon, Seung Kew, additional, Yoon, Jung-Hwan, additional, Villalobos, Ricardo, additional, Martinez Rodriguez, Jorge Luis, additional, Oyervides Juarez, Victor, additional, Hernández, Carlos Alberto, additional, Klumpen, Heinz-Josef, additional, de Vos-Geelen, Judith, additional, Gane, Edward, additional, Montenegro, Paola, additional, Torres Mattos, Cesar, additional, Janczewska, Ewa, additional, Kawecki, Maciej, additional, Nowakowska-Zajdel, Ewa, additional, Fedenko, Alexander, additional, Granov, Dmitrii, additional, Alyasova, Anna, additional, Sekacheva, Marina, additional, Ledin, Evgeny, additional, Samol, Jens, additional, Toh, Han Chong, additional, Calvo Campos, Mariona, additional, Gomez Martin, Carlos, additional, Lopez Lopez, Carlos, additional, Muñoz Martin, Andres Jesus, additional, Calleja Panero, Jose Luis, additional, Montero Alvarez, Jose Luis, additional, Reig Monzón, Maria, additional, Delgado Mingorance, Ignacio, additional, Minguez Rosique, Beatriz, additional, Cheng, Ann Lii, additional, Huang, Yi-Hsiang, additional, Lin, Shi-Ming, additional, Huang, Jee-Fu, additional, Yu, Ming-Lung, additional, Su, Wei-Wen, additional, Korphaisarn, Krittiya, additional, Maneenil, Kunlatida, additional, Samdaengpan, Chayanee, additional, Tharavichitkul, Ekkapong, additional, Ozguroglu, Mustafa, additional, Kose, Fatih, additional, Harputluoglu, Hakan, additional, Buchschacher, Gary, additional, Thuluvath, Paul, additional, Xiong, Henry, additional, Patel, Mital, additional, Gold, Philip, additional, Li, Daneng, additional, Brooks, Gabriel, additional, Masood, Ashiq, additional, Patel, Reema, additional, George, Ben, additional, Salgia, Reena, additional, Manji, Gulam, additional, Crow, Mary, additional, Kaseb, Ahmed, additional, Dugan, Matthew, additional, Kadakia, Kunal, additional, Kardosh, Adel, additional, Gibbs, John, additional, Shah, Ashesh, additional, and Burris III, Howard, additional

Published
2023
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10. Belgian experience with direct acting antivirals in people who inject drugs

Author

Bielen, Rob, Moreno, Christophe, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Bourgeois, Stefan, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Verlinden, Wim, Brixko, Christian, Decaestecker, Jochen, De Galocsy, Chantal, Janssens, Filip, Cool, Mike, Van Overbeke, Lode, Van Steenkiste, Christophe, D'heygere, François, Cools, Wilfried, Nevens, Frederik, and Robaeys, Geert

Published
2017
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11. Data from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2023
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12. Supplementary Tables S1-S10 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2023
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13. Supplementary Figure S5 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2023
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14. Supplementary Data S1 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2023
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15. Supplementary Materials and Methods S1 from NPY Methylated ctDNA is a Promising Biomarker for Treatment Response Monitoring in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, primary, Lybaert, Willem, primary, Demey, Wim, primary, Decaestecker, Jochen, primary, Hendrickx, Koen, primary, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, primary, Zwaenepoel, Karen, primary, Pauwels, Patrick, primary, Fransen, Erik, primary, Op de Beeck, Ken, primary, Van Camp, Guy, primary, Rolfo, Christian, primary, and Peeters, Marc, primary

Published
2023
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16. NPY methylated ctDNA is a promising biomarker for treatment response monitoring in metastatic colorectal cancer

Author

Janssens, Katleen, primary, Vanhoutte, Greetje, additional, Lybaert, Willem, additional, Demey, Wim, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Hendrickx, Koen, additional, Rezaei Kalantari, Hassan, additional, Zwanenpoel, Karen, additional, Pauwels, Patrick, additional, Fransen, Erik, additional, Op de Beeck, Ken, additional, Van Camp, Guy, additional, Rolfo, Christian, additional, and Peeters, Marc, additional

Published
2023
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17. Large-scale, multi-centric prospective validation of the polycystic liver disease complaint-specific assessment (POLCA)

Author

Billiet, Antoon, primary, Temmerman, Frederik, additional, Coudyzer, Walter, additional, Van den Ende, Natalie, additional, Colle, Isabelle, additional, Francque, Sven, additional, Anh, Ho Thien, additional, De Maeght, Stéphane, additional, Janssens, Filip, additional, Orlent, Hans, additional, Sprengers, Dirk, additional, Delwaide, Jean, additional, Decock, Sofie, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, van der Merwe, Schalk, additional, Verbeek, Jef, additional, and Nevens, Frederik, additional

Published
2022
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18. Viral clade is associated with severity of symptomatic genotype 3 Hepatitis E virus infections in Belgium, 2010-2018.

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Service de gastro-entérologie, Peeters, Michael, Schenk, Julie, De Somer, Thomas, Roskams, Tania, Locus, Tatjana, Klamer, Sofieke, Subissi, Lorenzo, Suin, Vanessa, Delwaide, Jean, Stärkel, Peter, De Maeght, Stéphane, Willems, Philippe, Colle, Isabelle, Van Hoof, Marc, Van Acker, Jos, Van Steenkiste, Christophe, Moreno, Christophe, Janssens, Filip, Reynders, Marijke, Steverlynck, Matthias, Verlinden, Wim, Lasser, Luc, de Galocsy, Chantal, Geerts, Anja, Maus, Jeroen, Gallant, Marie, Van Outryve, Steven, Marot, Astrid, Reynaert, Hendrik, Decaestecker, Jochen, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Schreiber, Jonas, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, de Goeij, Sébastien, Salame, Mikhaël, Dooremont, Diederik, Dastis, Sergio Negrín, Boes, Juul, Nijs, Jochen, Beyls, Jan, Hens, Niel, Nevens, Frederik, Van Gucht, Steven, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Belgian Association for the Study of the Liver, UCL - SSS/IREC/MONT - Pôle Mont Godinne, UCL - (MGD) Service de gastro-entérologie, Peeters, Michael, Schenk, Julie, De Somer, Thomas, Roskams, Tania, Locus, Tatjana, Klamer, Sofieke, Subissi, Lorenzo, Suin, Vanessa, Delwaide, Jean, Stärkel, Peter, De Maeght, Stéphane, Willems, Philippe, Colle, Isabelle, Van Hoof, Marc, Van Acker, Jos, Van Steenkiste, Christophe, Moreno, Christophe, Janssens, Filip, Reynders, Marijke, Steverlynck, Matthias, Verlinden, Wim, Lasser, Luc, de Galocsy, Chantal, Geerts, Anja, Maus, Jeroen, Gallant, Marie, Van Outryve, Steven, Marot, Astrid, Reynaert, Hendrik, Decaestecker, Jochen, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Schreiber, Jonas, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, de Goeij, Sébastien, Salame, Mikhaël, Dooremont, Diederik, Dastis, Sergio Negrín, Boes, Juul, Nijs, Jochen, Beyls, Jan, Hens, Niel, Nevens, Frederik, Van Gucht, Steven, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, and Belgian Association for the Study of the Liver

Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype (gt) 3 infections are prevalent in high income countries and display a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Host - but not viral - factors are reported to be associated with worse clinical outcomes. Demographic, clinical and biochemical data of laboratory confirmed HEV infections (by PCR and/or a combination of IgM and IgG serology) at the Belgian National Reference Centre between January 2010 and June 2018 were collected using standardised case report forms. Genotyping was based on HEV Open Reading Frame 2 sequences. Serum CXCL10 levels were measured by a magnetic bead-based assay. H&E staining was performed on liver biopsies. 274 HEV-infected patients were included. Subtype assignment was possible for 179/218 viremic cases, confirming gt3 as dominant with an almost equal representation of clades abchijklm and efg. An increased hospitalisation rate and higher peak serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were found in clade efg infected patients in univariate analyses. In multivariable analyses, clade efg infections remained more strongly associated with severe disease presentation than any of the previously identified host risk factors. It associated with a 2·1-fold higher risk of hospitalisation (95% CI=1·1-4·4, p-value (p)=0·034) and with a 68·2% fold higher peak of bilirubin levels (95% CI=13·3-149·9, p=0·010), independently of other factors included in the model. In addition, acute clade efg infections were characterised by higher serum CXCL10 levels (p = 0·0005) and a more pronounced liver necro-inflammatory activity (p = 0·022). In symptomatic HEV gt3 infections, clade efg is associated with a more severe disease presentation, higher serum CXCL10 levels and liver necro-inflammatory activity, irrespective of known host risk factors. Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections are prevalent in high income countries and display a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. We here analysed the ro

Published
2022

19. Stopping nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment in Caucasian hepatitis B patients after HBeAg seroconversion is associated with high relapse rates and fatal outcomes

Author

Van Hees, S., Bourgeois, S., Van Vlierberghe, H., Sersté, T., Francque, S., Michielsen, P., Sprengers, D., Reynaert, H., Henrion, J., Negrin Dastis, S., Delwaide, J., Lasser, L., Decaestecker, J., Orlent, H., Janssens, F., Robaeys, G., Colle, I., Stärkel, P., Moreno, C., Nevens, F., Vanwolleghem, T., Van Hees, Stijn, Bourgeois, Stefan, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Sersté, Thomas, Francque, Sven, Michielsen, Peter, Sprengers, Dirk, Reynaert, Hendrik, Henrion, Jean, Negrin‐Dastis, Sergio, Delwaide, Jean, Lasser, Luc, Decaestecker, Jochen, Orlent, Hans, Janssens, Filip, Robaeys, Geert, Colle, Isabelle, Stärkel, Peter, Moreno, Christophe, Nevens, Frederik, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Nuclear Medicine, Liver Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecullar and Cellular Therapy, Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, and Belgian NA Stop Study Group

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, HBsAg, Antibodies, Viral, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, Fatal Outcome, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA, E-ANTIGEN, Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacology (medical), Hepatitis B e Antigens, ENTECAVIR TREATMENT, Pharmacology. Therapy, Nucleosides, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, PREDICTS, Treatment Outcome, HBeAg, Seroconversion, Hepatocellular carcinoma, SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE, Cohort, Original Article, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINES, Cohort study, Adult, Hepatitis B virus, medicine.medical_specialty, DISCONTINUATION, VIRUS-INFECTION, GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-TRANSFERASE, Antiviral Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepatitis B, Chronic, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Fatal Outcomes from Stopping Nucleoside Analogues in Hepatitis B, Internal medicine, SEROCONVERSION, medicine, Humans, CONSOLIDATION THERAPY, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Discontinuation, 030104 developmental biology, Withholding Treatment, Human medicine, business
Abstract

Background: Stopping nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) after hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is associated with high relapse rates in Asian patients, but data in Caucasian cohorts are scarce. Clinical course, outcomes and immunological aspects of chronic hepatitis B infections differ substantially between distinct ethnicities. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine relapse rates, factors predicting relapse and clinical outcomes after nucleos(t)ide analogue cessation in a large, predominantly Caucasian cohort of chronic hepatitis B patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion. Methods: This is a nationwide observational cohort study including HBeAg positive, mono-infected chronic hepatitis B patients with nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion from 18 centres in Belgium. Results: A total of 98 patients with nucleo(s)tide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion were included in the study. Of the 62 patients who stopped treatment after a median consolidation treatment of 8 months, 30 relapsed. Higher gamma-glutamyl transferase levels at both treatment initiation (HR 1.004; P = 0.001 per unit increment) and HBeAg seroconversion (HR 1.006; P = 0.013 per unit increment) were associated with an increased risk of clinically significant relapse in a multivariate Cox regression model. Treatment cessation led to liver-related death in 2 patients, of whom one showed a severe flare. Of the patients who continued treatment after HBeAg seroconversion, none relapsed or developed severe hepatic outcomes. Conclusion: Treatment withdrawal in Caucasian chronic hepatitis B patients after nucleos(t)ide analogue-induced HBeAg seroconversion results in viral relapses in more than half of patients with potential fatal outcomes. These real-world data further lend support to preferentially continue NA treatment after HBeAg seroconversion until HBsAg loss. Foundation Against Cancer Belgium, Grant/Award Number: 2014-087

Published
2018

20. Resection rate of locally advanced pancreatic cancer in gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel versus FOLFIRINOX.

Author

Sharif, Shahriar, primary, Zureikat, Amer H., additional, Novelli, Paula M., additional, Lopez, Charles D., additional, Kardosh, Adel, additional, Chung, Ki Y., additional, Jones, Wesley B., additional, Hatoum, Hassan, additional, Meredith, Kenneth Lee, additional, Zervos, Emmanuel E., additional, Ucar, Antonio, additional, Gandhi, Ripal T, additional, Nazemzadeh, Reza, additional, Kasi, Pashtoon Murtaza, additional, Vandestraeten, Erik, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Delaunoit, Thierry, additional, Li, Charles Charles, additional, Agah, Ramtin, additional, and Pishvaian, Michael J., additional

Published
2021
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21. Sepsis and pancreatic cancer: Biliary stents a significant risk factor in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Author

Li, Charles Charles, primary, Zureikat, Amer H., additional, Novelli, Paula M., additional, Lopez, Charles D., additional, Kardosh, Adel, additional, Chung, Ki Y., additional, Devane, Aron Michael, additional, Hatoum, Hassan, additional, Meredith, Kenneth Lee, additional, Zervos, Emmanuel E., additional, Ucar, Antonio, additional, Gandhi, Ripal T, additional, Nazemzadeh, Reza, additional, Kasi, Pashtoon Murtaza, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Vandestraeten, Erik, additional, Delaunoit, Thierry, additional, Sharif, Shahriar, additional, Agah, Ramtin, additional, and Pishvaian, Michael J., additional

Published
2021
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23. Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 subtype dependent clinical outcomes in Belgium 2010–2018

Author

Peeters, Michael, primary, De Somer, Thomas, additional, Klamer, Sofieke, additional, Nevens, Frederik, additional, Delwaide, Jean-Pierre, additional, Stärkel, Peter, additional, Willems, Philippe, additional, De Maeght, Stéphane, additional, Moreno, Christophe, additional, Van Hoof, Marc, additional, Colle, Isabelle, additional, Van Steenkiste, Christophe, additional, Janssens, Filip, additional, Van Acker, Jos, additional, Marot, Astrid, additional, Bottieau, Emmanuel, additional, Reynders, Marijke, additional, De Galocsy, Chantal, additional, Lasser, Luc, additional, Steverlynck, Matthias, additional, Maus, Jeroen, additional, Verlinden, Wim, additional, Geerts, Anja, additional, Gallant, Marie, additional, Steven, Van Outryve, additional, Reynaert, Hendrik, additional, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Suin, Vanessa, additional, Negrin-Dastis, Sergio, additional, Beyls, Jan, additional, Nijs, Jochen, additional, Boes, Juul, additional, Van Gucht, Steven, additional, and Vanwolleghem, Thomas, additional

Published
2020
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25. FRI-221-Management of drug-drug interactions in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with second generation direct acting antivirals in Belgium

Author

Bourgeois, Stefan, primary, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, additional, Cool, Mike, additional, Xavier, Verhelst, additional, Robaeys, Geert, additional, Lasser, Luc, additional, Lefebvre, Veronique, additional, Colle, Isabelle, additional, Steenkiste, Christophe Van, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Coulon, Stephanie, additional, Venken, Katrien, additional, and Vanwolleghem, Thomas, additional

Published
2019
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26. Gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): A quality of life randomized cross-over study (QOLINPAC)

Author

Chiritescu, Gabriela, Dumon, Kristien, Verslype, Chris, Prenen, Hans, Houbiers, Ghislain, Peeters, Michel, Janssens, Jos, Van Daele, Daniel, Laurent, Stéphanie, Arts, Joris, Hendrickx, Koen, Borbath, Ivan, Ferrante, Michel, Bastin, F.M., Goeminne, Jean Charles, Van Laethem, Jean-Luc, Vanderstraeten, Erik, Decaestecker, Jochen, Van Vaerenbergh, Willem, Delhougne, Bernard, Van Cutsem, Eric, Chiritescu, Gabriela, Dumon, Kristien, Verslype, Chris, Prenen, Hans, Houbiers, Ghislain, Peeters, Michel, Janssens, Jos, Van Daele, Daniel, Laurent, Stéphanie, Arts, Joris, Hendrickx, Koen, Borbath, Ivan, Ferrante, Michel, Bastin, F.M., Goeminne, Jean Charles, Van Laethem, Jean-Luc, Vanderstraeten, Erik, Decaestecker, Jochen, Van Vaerenbergh, Willem, Delhougne, Bernard, and Van Cutsem, Eric

Abstract

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018

27. Cessation of Nucleos(t)ide Analogue treatment after HBeAg seroconversion is associated with a 4-fold increased risk of relapse in cirrhotic compared to non-cirrhotic patients

Author

Van Hees, Stijn, Bourgeois, Stefan, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Sersté, Thomas, Francque, Sven, Michielsen, Peter P., Dirk, Sprengers, Reynaert, Hendrik, Henrion, Jean, Dastis, Sergio Negrin, Delwaide, Jean, Lasser, Luc, Decaestecker, Jochen, Orlent, Hans, Janssens, Filip, Robaeys, Geert, Colle, Isabelle, Starkel, Peter, Moreno, Christophe, Nevens, Frederik, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Liver Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecullar and Cellular Therapy, and Basic (bio-) Medical Sciences

Abstract

Isabelle Colle - Consulting: Promethera; Grant/Research Support: abbvie; Patent Held/Filed: Trombogenics; Speaking and Teaching: BMS Christophe Moreno - Consulting: Abbvie, Janssen, Gilead, BMS, MSD; Grant/Research Support: Janssen, Gilead, Roche, Astellas, Abbvie Frederik Nevens - Consulting: MSD, CAF, Intercept, Gore, BMS, Abbvie, Novartis, Durect, Janssens-Cilag, Ono Pharma, Promethera Biosciences, Gilead; Grant/Research Support: Ferring, Roche, Astellas, Novartis, Janssen-Cilag, Abbvie, Gilead

Published
2017

29. The risk of early occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C-infected patients treated with direct-acting antivirals with and without pegylated interferon: A Belgian experience

Author

Bielen, Rob, De Galocsy, Chantal, Janssens, F., Van Overbeke, Lode, van Steenkiste, Christophe, D'Heygere, François, Cool, Mike M.R., Wuyckens, K., Nevens, Frederik, Robaeys, Geert, Moreno, Christophe, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Bourgeois, Stefan, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Verlinden, Wim, Brixco, C., Decaestecker, Jochen, Bielen, Rob, De Galocsy, Chantal, Janssens, F., Van Overbeke, Lode, van Steenkiste, Christophe, D'Heygere, François, Cool, Mike M.R., Wuyckens, K., Nevens, Frederik, Robaeys, Geert, Moreno, Christophe, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Bourgeois, Stefan, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, Vanwolleghem, Thomas, Verlinden, Wim, Brixco, C., and Decaestecker, Jochen

Abstract

Recently, concerns were raised of high rates of HCC recurrence in patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for hepatitis C infection. We investigated the HCC occurrence and recurrence rates within 6 months after treatment with DAA with or without pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) in real life. This is a retrospective, multicenter cohort trial, executed in 15 hospitals distributed across Belgium. Populations were matched based on fibrosis score (Metavir F3-F4). Patients with a Child-Pugh score ≥ B were excluded. In total, 567 patients were included, of whom 77 were treated with PEG-IFN+DAA between 2008 and 2013 and 490 with DAA without PEG-IFN between 2013 and 2015. Patients treated with PEG-IFN+DAA (53±9y) were younger than patients treated with DAA without PEG-IFN (59±12y) (P=.001). 47% of patients treated with PEG-IFN+DAA were in the F4 stage vs 67% of patients treated with DAA without PEG-IFN (P=.001). Screening was inadequate in 20% of both patient groups (P=.664). The early occurrence rate of HCC was 1.7% and 1.1% in patients treated with DAA with and without PEG-IFN, respectively (P=.540). The early recurrence rate was 0% in patients treated with PEG-IFN+DAA and 15.0% in patients treated with DAA without PEG-IFN (P=.857). There is no difference in early occurrence of new HCC between patients treated with DAA with and without PEG-IFN. We did observe a high early recurrence rate of HCC in patients treated with DAA without PEG-IFN. However, these patients were at baseline more at risk for HCC. Finally, in 20%, screening for HCC was inadequate., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017

31. A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pegfilgrastim in Patients Receiving First-Line FOLFOX/Bevacizumab or FOLFIRI/Bevacizumab for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Final Results of the Pegfilgrastim and Anti-VEGF Evaluation Study (PAVES)

Author

Pinter, Tamás, primary, Klippel, Zandra, additional, Cesas, Alvydas, additional, Croitoru, Adina, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Gibbs, Peter, additional, Hotko, Yevhen, additional, Jassem, Jacek, additional, Kurteva, Galina, additional, Novotny, Jan, additional, O'Reilly, Seamus, additional, Salek, Tomas, additional, Reiner, Maureen, additional, Morrow, Phuong Khanh, additional, Choi, Mi Rim, additional, Whittaker, Sadie, additional, and Blanke, Charles, additional

Published
2017
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32. New observation of sialuria prompts detection of liver tumor in previously reported patient.

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'anatomie pathologique, Champaigne, Neena L, Leroy, Jules G, Kishnani, Priya S, Decaestecker, Jochen, Steenkiste, Edwin, Chaubey, Alka, Li, Jiarui, Verslype, Chris, Van Dorpe, Jo, Pollard, Laura, Goldstein, Jennifer L, Libbrecht, Louis, Basehore, Monica, Chen, Nansheng, Hu, Heping, Wood, Tim, Friez, Michael J, Huizing, Marjan, Stevenson, Roger E, UCL - SSS/IREC/SLUC - Pôle St.-Luc, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'anatomie pathologique, Champaigne, Neena L, Leroy, Jules G, Kishnani, Priya S, Decaestecker, Jochen, Steenkiste, Edwin, Chaubey, Alka, Li, Jiarui, Verslype, Chris, Van Dorpe, Jo, Pollard, Laura, Goldstein, Jennifer L, Libbrecht, Louis, Basehore, Monica, Chen, Nansheng, Hu, Heping, Wood, Tim, Friez, Michael J, Huizing, Marjan, and Stevenson, Roger E

Abstract

Sialuria, a rare inborn error of metabolism, was diagnosed in a healthy 12-year-old boy through whole exome sequencing. The patient had experienced mild delays of speech and motor development, as well as persistent hepatomegaly. Identification of the 8th individual with this disorder, prompted follow-up of the mother-son pair of patients diagnosed over 15years ago. Hepatomegaly was confirmed in the now 19-year-old son, but in the 46-year-old mother a clinically silent liver tumor was detected by ultrasound and MRI. The tumor was characterized as an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) and DNA analysis of both tumor and normal liver tissue confirmed the original GNE mutation. As the maternal grandmother in the latter family died at age 49years of a liver tumor, a retrospective study of the remaining pathology slides was conducted and confirmed it to have been an IHCC as well. The overall observation generated the hypothesis that sialuria may predispose to development of this form of liver cancer. As proof of sialuria in the grandmother could not be obtained, an alternate cause of IHCC cannot be ruled out. In a series of 102 patients with IHCC, not a single instance was found with the allosteric site mutation in the GNE gene. This confirms that sialuria is rare even in a selected group of patients, but does not invalidate the concern that sialuria may be a risk factor for IHCC.

Published
2016

33. New observation of sialuria prompts detection of liver tumor in previously reported patient

Author

Champaigne, Neena L., primary, Leroy, Jules G., additional, Kishnani, Priya S., additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Steenkiste, Edwin, additional, Chaubey, Alka, additional, Li, Jiarui, additional, Verslype, Chris, additional, Van Dorpe, Jo, additional, Pollard, Laura, additional, Goldstein, Jennifer L., additional, Libbrecht, Louis, additional, Basehore, Monica, additional, Chen, Nansheng, additional, Hu, Heping, additional, Wood, Tim, additional, Friez, Michael J., additional, Huizing, Marjan, additional, and Stevenson, Roger E., additional

Published
2016
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35. Efficacy of interferon-based antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotype 5: A meta-analysis of two large prospective clinical trials

Author

D'Heygere, François, George, Christophe, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Decaestecker, Jochen, Nakad, Antoine, Adler, Michael, Delwaide, Jean, Laureys, Annick, Nevens, Frederik, D'Heygere, François, George, Christophe, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, Decaestecker, Jochen, Nakad, Antoine, Adler, Michael, Delwaide, Jean, Laureys, Annick, and Nevens, Frederik

Abstract

The characteristics and response rate to pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-INF+RBV) of patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotype 5 are poorly documented. A meta-analysis of two large phase III/IV prospective randomized clinical trials conducted in Belgium in patients with chronic hepatitis C (n=1,073 patients) was performed in order to compare the response to antiviral therapy of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 5 with that of other HCV genotypes. A subset of HCV-1 infected patients selected from within the study database were selected to match the HCV-5 sample for known prognostic factors. In Belgium HCV-5 is responsible for a significant minority of cases of chronic hepatitis C CHC (4.5%) and is characterized by a more advanced age (58.4 years), a high frequency of cirrhosis (27.7%), a specific mode of HCV acquisition, and a particular geographic origin (66.7% of patients from West Flanders). The primary comparative analysis showed that response to treatment with PEG-INF+RBV of HCV-5 is similar to HCV-1 and lower compared to HCV-2/3. The analysis of the matched patient subgroup demonstrates that the HCV-5 "intrinsic sensitivity" to PEG-IFN+RBV therapy is identical to HCV-1, with a sustained virological response of 55% in both groups. In contrast to previous publications, this meta-analysis suggests that HCV-5 response to treatment is closer to HCV-1 than to HCV-2/3 and suggests that in Belgium HCV-5 infection should be treated with the same antiviral regimen as HCV-1. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc., SCOPUS: ar.j, FLWIN, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2011

36. Results of a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pegfilgrastim (PEG) in patients (pts) receiving first-line FOLFOX or FOLFIRI and bevacizumab (B) for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Author

Pinter, Tamas, primary, Abella, Esteban, additional, Cesas, Alvydas, additional, Croitoru, Adina, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Gibbs, Peter, additional, Hotko, Yevhen, additional, Jassem, Jacek, additional, Kurteva, Galina Petrova, additional, Novotny, Jan, additional, O'Reilly, Seamus, additional, Salek, Tomas, additional, Mo, May F., additional, Choi, L. Mi Rim, additional, and Blanke, Charles Davic, additional

Published
2013
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37. Efficacy of interferon‐based antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotype 5: A meta‐analysis of two large prospective clinical trials

Author

D'Heygere, François, primary, George, Christophe, additional, Van Vlierberghe, Hans, additional, Decaestecker, Jochen, additional, Nakad, Antoine, additional, Adler, Michael, additional, Delwaide, Jean, additional, Laureys, Annick, additional, and Nevens, Frederik, additional

Published
2011
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39. Belgian Experience with Direct Acting Antivirals in People Who Inject Drugs

Author

Bielen, Rob, Vlierberghe, Hans, Bourgeois, Stefan, Moreno, Christophe, Vanwollegem, Thomas, Verlinden, Wim, Mulkay, Jean-Pierre, Decaestecker, Jochen, Cool, Mike, Galocsy, Chantal, Overbeke, Lode, Janssens, Filip, Steenkiste, Christophe, D Heygere, Francois, wilfried cools, Nevens, Frederik, and Robaeys, Geert

Subjects
direct acting antiviral therapy, hepatitis c virus, intravenous drug use, people who inject drugs, treatment uptake, Hepatitis C, treatment, PWID, direct acting antivirals
Abstract

Introduction Hepatitis C viral infection (HCV) remains one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. It has now become a curable disease due to the development of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Therefore, the WHO has set a target to eliminate HCV completely. To reach this target, people who inject drugs (PWID) need to be treated as they are the largest risk group for HCV in the western world. Furthermore, treatment of HCV in PWID is recommended by the treatment guidelines. The aim was to study the uptake and outcome of treatment for HCV in PWID and the general population. Method We performed a Belgian, nation-wide, retrospective cohort study in 12 hospitals. All patients who were treated in these hospitals with simeprevir-sofosbuvir, daclatasvir-sofosbuvir, or ombitasvir/paritaprevir ritonavir – dasabuvir between December 2013 and November 2015 were included. These regimens were chosen based on the Belgian reimbursement criteria. All centers were experienced in treating HCV infected PWID. In case antiviral treatment was started, data were collected in a central database. PWID were subdivided in active users, defined by drug use during therapy with DAA, and former PWID. A PWID was defined by someone who used intravenous drugs at least once. Results The study population consisted of 419 patients: 111 PWID, subdivided in 23 active users and 88 former PWID, and 308 non-PWID treated with one of the above DAA regimens ± ribavirin. PWID (active and former) were younger (p=0.000), predominantly male (p=0.000), had a lower BMI (p=0.006), abused more alcohol (p=0.000), used more benzodiazepines (p=0.000) and were more infected with genotype 1a, 3 and 4 (p=0.000). Active PWID were less treatment experienced (p=0.05) and used less other medications (p=0.043). There were no differences in fibrosis score (F3, F4) (p=0.454) between all groups. PWID had a similar rate of side-effects (p=0.961). There was a trend towards more psychological complaints in PWID (p=0.051). Similar rates of treatment completion (p=0.095) and SVR (p=0.372) were achieved irrespective of active substance abuse. Conclusion Although DAA are safe and effective also in (active) drug users, PWID are still highly underrepresented in a Belgian treatment cohort, also in the era of new DAA therapy. As this risk-group is at the heart of the HCV epidemic, more efforts are necessary to reach this group.

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