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The year 2020, originally dedicated to nurses by the World Health Organization (WHO), took an unexpected turn with the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the state of the art of nursing around the world was able to be published based on data collected in 2019. The findings of this report were used in the work of the 74th World Health Assembly in 2021 and led to the development of a new WHO global strategy to promote nursing in the health field., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Nurses have largely contributed to the national effort to fight the Covid-19 crisis, but have also been strongly affected by its consequences. This observation, reinforced by the recent recommendations of the World Health Organization's report on the situation of nurses in the world, underlines the need to initiate changes in the nursing field in France without delay., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

There are more than four million nurses in the United States. In a context marked by the Obamacare vote and by an awareness of the underutilization of nursing potential, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, in association with the Institute of Medicine, published an inventory of the nursing situation in the United States in 2011, along with an action plan. In 2016 and 2021, the evaluation of the degree to which these objectives were achieved revealed numerous advances. New strategic directions have been set for the period 2020-2030., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Using a convenience sampling, nurse educators representing 10 countries were surveyed to describe required clinical education for advanced practice beyond basic traditional nursing education. This article explores the many factors currently influencing the structure and diversity of these clinical experiences worldwide.

After a long process of negotiation, laws passed in 2018 mean that advanced practice has finally become a reality for nurses in French legislation. Benefits are expected for patients, doctors, caregivers, management, organisations and for the health system. However, it will be necessary to take into account certain limits, and practices are expected to evolve. This change highlights the evolution of nursing practices thanks to Evidence-Based Nursing. An interview with Christophe Debout, member of the advanced practice network training committee of the International Council of Nurses., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Specialist nurses who have acquired specific expertise are often expected to demonstrate clinical leadership within their teams. They must therefore be suitably prepared for this during their training., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

France needs to meet numerous public health challenges and maintain universal cover for its population. It is nevertheless surprising to observe that the development of nursing leadership, which is an effective strategy in numerous other countries, is not a priority in France. Faced with this observation, it is important to clarify this concept with the help of extensive foreign scientific literature in order to envisage how its practice can be boosted with the aim of obtaining similar benefits to those evaluated in other national contexts., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Clinical leadership is expected of advanced practice nurses with regard to their scope of competencies. The effective implementation of this competency within the teams requires management support. It is a first step towards the reinforcement of clinical leadership in France., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The largest health profession in terms of the number of employees, nurses are affected by the decisions taken with regard to their professional group but they also want to be involved in the decision-making processes relating to healthcare issues. In these negotiations, the task of professional nursing organisations is to demonstrate professional leadership., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

To fulfil the objectives set out for nursing teams, synergy needs to be created between managerial leadership and clinical leadership. The desire must be present, but specific skills also need to be developed both in nursing training and management training., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Testimonials of Advanced Practice Student Nurses: The first advanced nursing practice training programmes became available in France in 2018. In this article, several students describe their experience of the course, their motivations and their expectations. Some have decided to undertake the training straight after their initial training, others already have a few years experience. All are looking to develop their skills and their knowledge., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

An assessment of the impact of advanced practice will be presented to the French parliament in 2021. Advanced practice nurses must make use of this opportunity. Indeed, this assessment is likely to come with major challenges in terms of the reorganisation of the healthcare provision following the implementation of this new function. The definition of adapted indicators is essential., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Following the publication of the regulatory framework by the relevant ministries, the summer of 2018 was very busy for the university teams intending to offer, from September, an advanced nursing practice course. The training programme selected mainly follows on from existing initial training programmes but there are also a number of aspects which are particularly innovative in the nursing pathway. Setting up this training requires a change in social representations, still a source of challenges. These are linked to the innovative character of this type of practice in France as well as the fact that the training is university-based., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

By combining clinical reasoning and evidence-based practice, nurses can create a virtuous circle which can in turn increase the probability of obtaining satisfactory clinical results for patients. Nursing research must thereby benefit practice by producing scientific knowledge which can be used in day-to-day care., (Copyright © 2019. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Managing the Transition From Nurse to Advanced Practice Nurse: Qualified nurses who go on to undertake further training often find the transition difficult. This phenomenon has been studied more specifically in the field of advanced practice nursing. As France prepares to train and deploy state registered advanced practice nurses, it is essential to incorporate the learnings arising from research, in order to facilitate their training programme and their integration into their first role. Taking these elements into account will have a direct impact on the clinical results for which they will be accountable and their quality of working life., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

In July 2017, an information report written by three senators highlighted the difficulties encountered by emergency departments in France and attempted to pinpoint the causes. In addition, the recommendations of this report suggest reinforcing the nursing contribution within the multi-disciplinary emergency department team, by creating an emergency nurse speciality., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The saturation of emergency departments due to inappropriate attendance by patients is becoming increasingly commonplace. It often leads to the discontent of users, due to long waiting times, and stretches the hospital staff physically, mentally and psychologically. Innovative organisation models have been developed abroad. They draw on the skills of advanced practice nurses in emergency departments. The impact of these models has been assessed very positively in numerous studies. They improve the quality and safety of care as well as the satisfaction of users., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

After several years of discussions and debate, regulations should soon be applied in France allowing for the deployment of advanced practice nurses as provided for by law no. 2016-41 of January 2016 relating to the modernisation of the French health system. The profile of this new category of nurse, whose scope of practice will be extended, will combine clinical practice carried out with patients with stabilised chronic diseases and activities aimed at promoting the continuing development of the nursing teams' skills and at supporting change processes., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The context of contemporary practice exposes nurses to a wide variety of ethical dilemmas. In 1978, nurses were granted autonomy within the scope of their therapeutic role but there was also a need for the profession to embark on a new stage by introducing a code of ethics. It was not until 2016 that the first code of ethics for nurses was published in France, 63 years after the publication of a code by the International Council of Nurses., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)