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Background: Decreased flexibility can contribute to postural changes, the deficit in the ability to produce strength, and predispose to injuries. Currently, several myofascial release techniques work to improve muscle flexibility. Objective: To analyze the relationship between flexibility and muscle strength of the knee flexors and to verify the acute effect of two modalities of myofascial release on the flexibility of the hamstrings. Methods: 45 women participated in this study, divided into Manual Release Group, Instrumental Release Group, and Control Group. A sit and reach test, a third finger floor test, an assessment of the popliteal angle, and an assessment of knee flexion muscle strength were performed. Subsequently, the volunteers received a myofascial release session in the hamstring muscle group. After treatment, the volunteers were reassessed. Results: Both groups that received myofascial release performed better in flexibility tests. There was no correlation between hamstring flexibility and the ability to produce joint torque from knee flexion. Conclusion: The flexibility of the hamstring muscles did not influence the ability to produce knee flexion torque and both myofascial release techniques were effective in improving the flexibility of this musculature.

RESUMO A dor patelofemoral (DPF) pode contribuir para menor ativação do músculo quadríceps, favorecendo maior sobrecarga e dor nesta articulação. A eficiência neuromuscular (ENM) é uma variável que avalia a relação entre a quantidade de estímulos neurais e a capacidade de geração de força de um determinado músculo, sendo mais eficiente aquele que produz maior força muscular, com menor ativação das fibras musculares. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a força e a ENM dos extensores de joelho em mulheres com e sem dor patelofemoral. Participaram deste estudo 24 mulheres, recrutadas por meio de um questionário, com idades entre 18 e 30 anos, com e sem dor patelofemoral. Foram realizadas a anamnese, a escala de dor anterior no joelho e a escala visual numérica e, posteriormente, a avaliação da força extensora de joelho, com dinamômetro manual, e a avaliação da ENM de vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL) e reto femoral (RF). Para análise estatística, foram adotados os testes apropriados para comparação das variáveis entre os grupos e para correlação entre elas. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado o nível de significância de α

The presence of severe dynamic knee valgus in asymptomatic women may be a factor related to future complaints of pain in this joint. The aim of this study is to correlate the strength levels of hip and trunk stabilizer muscles with knee valgus angles, pelvic and trunk tilt in asymptomatic young women. 22 young women with no history of lower limb pain or injury participated in this study. In the first visit to the laboratory, the volunteers performed anamnesis, kinematic evaluation of the dynamic knee valgus angle, pelvic and trunk tilt. Afterwards, familiarization with muscle strength tests was made. On the second day, the evaluation of the maximal isometric muscle strength of the hip stabilizer muscles (lateral rotators, hip abductors and extensors) and trunk extensors was performed. For analysis of muscle strength data, the joint torque peak was used and, in relation to the kinematic data, the knee projection angles in the frontal plane, pelvis and trunk tilt, through the Kinovea software. Pearson's Correlation test showed no relationship between the hip and trunk muscle torque and the kinematic angles during the frontal and lateral step down. The muscle torque of the hip stabilizers and trunk extensors are not related to the movement pattern of the volunteers during the step down.

Background: Cupping therapy is a common technique in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, which through sucking on the skinmainly results in pain relief. Objectives: To analyze the effect of cupping therapy on pain intensity, muscle co-contraction and trunkextensor muscle strength in women with low back pain. Methods: 26 women participated, divided into: LBPgroup (n = 13), and controlgroup (n = 13). The level of pain, isometric strength of trunk extensor muscles and co-contraction of superficial and deep trunk muscleswere evaluated. The cupping therapy treatment consisted of 10 sessions, and after the volunteers were reevaluated. Anova RepeatedMeasures were used. Results: There was a 40.1% reduction in pain level, a 13.6% increase in trunk extensor strength, and a decreasein contraction between rectus abdominis and iliocostalis for GDL after treatment. Conclusion: 10 sessions of cupping therapy assistin reducing pain and improving trunk strength in young people with lower back pain.

Resumo Introdução: A lombalgia, transtorno músculoesquelético mais prevalente, é comum em indivíduos com alterações posturais, que são de alta incidência em universitários. Instabilidade e fraqueza dos músculos do tronco podem contribuir para a presença da dor lombar. Não encontrou-se, contudo, pesquisas que tenham investigado a relação da dor lombar em conjunto com as alterações posturais e a resistência dos músculos estabilizadores do tronco. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre alterações posturais e resistência muscular do tronco de mulheres com e sem dor lombar. Métodos: Foram recrutadas 40 mulheres universitárias divididas em grupo com dor lombar (n = 20; 20,85 ± 1,69 anos) e grupo sem dor lombar (n = 20; 20,05 ± 2,54 anos). No primeiro dia, realizou-se a avaliação postural por fotogrametria com software Kinovea; no segundo dia, os testes de resistência dos músculos flexores e extensores de tronco, prancha lateral e ventral, ponte e tração lombar através do dinamômetro de tração. Aplicou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson para verificar a relação entre as variáveis analisadas, teste t de Student para comparação entre os grupos e adotou-se nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: Não houve correlação entre as variáveis referentes às alterações posturais e testes de resistências musculares (p > 0,05); houve diferença entre os grupos apenas para o teste de exercício ponte (p = 0,04) e para o alinhamento vertical da cabeça vista lateral esquerda (p = 0,041) e vista lateral direita (p = 0,034). Conclusão: Este estudo não evidenciou relação direta e significativa entre as alterações posturais em jovens universitárias com e sem queixa de dor lombar com a resistência dos músculos estabilizadores do tronco.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the activation pattern of the serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius (UT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles during periscapular exercises in individuals with and without ED, and to identify which proposed exercise presents greater activation of the periscapular muscles. Fourteen women, aged between 18 and 30 years, participated in this study, divided into a control group (n = 8) and a dyskinesis group (n = 8). The determination of the presence of ED was performed according to the analysis of scapular movement during arm elevation, using the yes/no classification. To evaluate muscle activation, electromyography signals of the SA, UT, and LT muscles were collected during exercise. The exercise protocol was composed of three repetitions of the exercises: punch up, wall slide, and scaption. The results showed that the ED group showed less activation of the AS and TT than the control group. During the scaption and wall slide exercises, the DE group showed less activation of the AS in relation to those without DE. There was no difference in muscle activation between the exercises. That individuals with dyskinesis have less activation of the muscles that control scapular mechanics and that the type of exercise did not influence the activation of the periscapular muscles. resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o padrão de ativação dos músculos serrátil anterior (SA), trapézio superior (TS) e trapézio inferior (TI) durante exercícios periescapulares em indivíduos com e sem DE, e identificar qual exercício propostos apresenta maior ativação da musculatura periescapular. Participaram deste estudo 14 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, divididas em grupo controle (n = 8) e grupo discinese (n=8). A determinação da presença de DE foi realizada de acordo com a análise do movimento da escápula durante elevação do braço, usando a classificação sim/não. Para avaliação da ativação muscular, sinais eletromiográficos dos músculos SA, TS e TI foram coletados durante o exercício. O protocolo de exercício foi composto por três repetições dos exercícios: punch up, wall slide e scaption. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo DE apresentou menor ativação do SA e TI em relação ao grupo controle. Durante os exercícios scaption e wall slide, o grupo DE apresentou menor ativação do SA em relação àqueles sem DE. Não houve diferença na ativação muscular entre os exercícios. Concluímos que indivíduos com discinese apresentam menor ativação dos músculos que controlam a mecânica da escápula e que o tipo de exercício não influenciou na ativação da musculatura periescapular.

This study compared functional demand (FD) between older and younger women walking at habitual and fast speed and determined strength thresholds necessary to maintain FD below 80%. FD was calculated by expressing walking flexion and extension joint torques of the ankle, knee, and hip as a percentage of maximal strength. Young women had an average FD of 65% across joint actions and speeds, whereas older women had FD of 90%. In older women, the greatest FD occurred in the hip musculature. The hip, knee, and ankle extensor strengths required to maintain FD below 80% were 1.66, 1.86, and 0.57 Nm/kg, and flexor strengths were 1.24, 0.49, and 0.69 Nm/kg, respectively. Older women have limited functional reserve to increase gait speed and rely heavily on available hip strength during walking. This study identifies strength targets for the hip, knee, and ankle that will assist in maintaining FD of older women at a sustainable level.

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OAK) is one of the most prevalent rheumatic diseases in the population, characterized by functional limitation and gait difficulties with profound clinical relevance, as walking is the most frequently performed daily activity. These functional limitations may be more pronounced when the disease is associated with obesity. Objective: To investigate the effect of different body weight suspension percentages on gait biomechanical variables and co-contraction percentages in women with OAK. Method: Fourteen women aged 50-75 years, with a body mass index between 26 and 35 and radiological diagnosis of OAK participated in the study. On the first day, anamnesis and familiarization with gait on the treadmill was performed. On the second day, treadmill gait assessment was performed using partial body weight support (SPPC) in three conditions-15%, 30%, and 45% suspension. During the evaluation, electromyographic and kinematic data were collected. The variables analyzed were percentage of hip (gluteus maximus/rectus femoris), knee (femoral biceps/vastus lateralis), and ankle (anterior tibial/lateral gastrocnemius), and length and step widths. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in the length and step width and the level of co-contraction between the running conditions analyzed. Conclusion: Body weight suspension using SPPC during treadmill running did not alter the biomechanical variables of the gait of women with OAK.

A osteoartrite é uma doença articular crônica, caracterizada por uma degeneração progressiva da cartilagem articular, que resulta em incapacidade funcional. Entre as articulações acometidas, o joelho é a mais afetada devido à sobrecarga mecânica imposta a essa articulação nas atividades diárias. A osteoartrite de joelho é considerada uma das formas clínicas mais incapacitantes da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito da bandagem elástica (BE) na ativação muscular do quadríceps e no torque isométrico dos extensores de joelho em indivíduos com Osteoartrite de Joelho. Participaram do estudo 13 voluntárias (64,5 ± 7,2 anos) do sexo feminino, com diagnóstico radiológico de osteoartrite de joelho. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados foram realizados em três dias, com intervalo de sete dias entre eles. As voluntárias foram avaliadas em três diferentes condições: sem BE, BE placebo e BE ativação. Foram realizadas as avaliações do torque isométrico extensor do joelho e ativação eletromiográfica dos músculos reto femoral, vasto medial e vasto lateral por meio da eletromiografia de superfície. Para análise estatística foi adotado o teste ANOVA Medidas Repetidas, considerando nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa para comparação da ativação muscular e torque entre as condições analisadas (p = 0,556). Conclui-se que a BE não foi capaz de promover uma alteração no recrutamento muscular e torque isométrico de quadríceps em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como a diminuição da força muscular dos extensores de joelho afeta o comportamento de variáveis biomecânicas durante a marcha simples e com dupla tarefa. Participaram do estudo 15 jovens (GJ), 14 idosas com força normal (GIN) e 13 idosas com força reduzida (GIR). O nível de força foi determinado pelo torque extensor de joelho, considerando o limiar de 1.5NKg-1. A avaliação biomecânica da marcha foi feita utilizando um sistema de análise 3D com uma plataforma de força. As condições analisadas foram marcha em velocidade de preferência (I), marcha em velocidade de preferência com carga (II), marcha em velocidade de preferência falando ao telefone (III), marcha em velocidade de preferência com obstrução da visão dos pés (IV) e marcha em velocidade de preferência máxima (V). Os resultados mostraram que GIR e GIN apresentaram alterações cinéticas e cinemáticas durante as condições de marcha com dupla tarefa motora e cognitiva em relação ao GJ. Entretanto apenas as variáveis taxa de propulsão e força de reação do solo vertical (p < 0.05) durante as condições de marcha com dupla tarefa foram capazes de diferenciar os grupos de idosos. Dessa maneira podemos concluir que a avaliação da marcha com dupla tarefa é capaz de diferenciar idosos com comprometimento de força muscular. Além disso, a força dos extensores de joelho é determinante dos parâmetros velocidade de marcha e força de reação do solo, sendo assim a fraqueza desse grupo muscular associado às alterações cinemáticas da marcha pode comprometer a execução de um padrão de marcha eficiente e seguro, tanto em condições simples como durante dupla-tarefa, resultando em maior risco de quedas e incapacidade funcional.

Background: Pilates method is prescribed for rehabilitation of patients with non-specific low back pain (LBP). However, the effect of this training on trunk muscles activation is unknown. Objective: To analyze the acute effect of Pilates method on trunk muscles activation in subjects with and without LBP. Methods: Participated of the study 18 people, separated into two groups: group with LBP and without LBP. In the first day of data collection were recorded: personal data, anthropometrics measures and familiarization was performed. In the second day of data collection were performed the tests: test of arm elevation, Biering-Sorensen, exercises and reassessment. Electromyographic signal of internal oblique, multifidus, iliocostalis lumborum, and rectus abdominal were recorded. Results: The muscles iliocostalis lumborum had higher activation (p=0,016) during Biering-Sorensen test in LBP, while internal oblique had lower activation (p=0,031) after the training in LBP. Conclusion: A single session of Pilates method was able to generate change on trunk muscles recruitment pattern in people with LBP.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) BACKGROUND: Walking is a complex motor task that requires an integrated coordination of the trunk, lower limb, and upper limb movements. Previously, few studies have investigated the activation pattern of trunk muscles during walking. However, the mechanisms by how aging affects the recruitment of trunk muscles during walking remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to compare the activation of trunk and lower limb muscles during walking in younger and older women. METHODS: Fifteen younger women between 18 and 30 yr and 19 older women between 60-82 yr walked on the treadmill at a self-selected speed, while 1-min surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from the multifidus, internal oblique, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius lateralis. EMG signals were processed and a linear envelope was calculated at an initial stance (50 ms after heel contact) and final stance (50 ms before toe-off). RESULTS: Compared with younger women, older women had 52.32% lower activation of the internal oblique (p = 0.027) and 39.95% lower activation of the rectus femoris (p = 0.003) at initial stance. CONCLUSION: Results of this study demonstrated that older women had lower activation of trunk and knee muscles during the initial stance, which may have resulted from weakness and balance impairments caused by aging. Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Therapy & Occupat Therapy, Marilia, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Phys Therapy, Av Engenheiro Dinz 1178,CP 593, BR-38400 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Presidente Prudente, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Therapy & Occupat Therapy, Marilia, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Educ, Rio Claro, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Presidente Prudente, Brazil FAPESP: 2011/11639-7

BACKGROUND: Lower-extremity strength and neuromuscular parameters that are more affected with age and in individuals more prone to fall still needs to be identified in healthy physically active adults. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of joint torque and muscle activity parameters to differentiate between physically active women, young, older non-fallers and older fallers; and their correlation with the number of falls in older women. METHODS: Measures were taken from concentric contractions during isokinetic sagittal plane movements at 90 ◦ /s and 120 ◦ /s. EMG from the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, lateral gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior were recorded. RESULTS:Overall young women were stronger, more powerful and presented lower muscle activation than older women fallers and non-fallers (all p< 0.04). Older women fallers had lower knee flexion and extension peak torque ( p< 0.033) and power ( p< 0.045), lower ankle dorsiflexion power (p = 0.04) and higher rectus femoris activation (p = 0.033) at 90 ◦ /s than older women non-fallers; and all these variables were correlated with the number of falls (r = 0.32–0.49; p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings may be useful for a better understanding of biomechanical risk factors for falls and for exercise-based fall prevention programs development.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-01 Introduction: Although it is known that individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties performing dual-task activities, most of the studies have verified the effect of dual tasks on gait using tasks that are uncommon to perform while walking. However, the realization of tasks involving gait that really represents the daily activities carried out by the participants, allow us to detect real fall risk situations of individuals with PD during their gait. Objective: Our aim was to verify the influence of daily-life dual-tasks on gait spatiotemporal variables of the older adults with PD. Methods: 20 older adults without PD and 20 older adults with PD participated in the study. Gait kinematic was analyzed under three different conditions: walking without dual task, walking carrying bags with weight, and walking talking on the cell phone. Results: Older adults with PD presented lower speed (p = . 001), cadence (p = . 039), and shorter step length (p = . 028) than older adults without PD during walking without dual tasks. When walking while carrying bags with weight, older adults with PD had a lower speed (p

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:14:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-08-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:23:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2523-31062018000100218.pdf: 525668 bytes, checksum: f7ee5120667b04053d89202e8242c79d (MD5) BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in the population and is characterized by limitation of main functional activities of daily living, as the gait. Muscle strength is a variable that may be related to performance in daily tasks.Therefore, we to analyze the gait pattern in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to determine associations of gait variables with the level of muscle strength of knee extensors. METHODS: Sixty-seven female volunteers divided into 2 groups, a KOA group (KOAG, n = 36, 66.69 ± 7.69 years) and control (n = 31, 63.68 ± 6.97 years), participated in the study. The volunteers walked on a 10-m platform at their usual gait speed, using 2 pressure sensors positioned at the base of the hallux and calcaneus. The mean step time, support and double support times, swing time and gait speed were calculated. The evaluation of the quadriceps isometric torque was performed in an extensor chair, with hip and knee flexion at 90°. The procedure consisted of three maximal contractions of knee extension. Peak torque was determined by the highest torque value obtained after the onset of muscle contraction. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were used, with p

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:28:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:36:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1809-29502018000200173.pdf: 517826 bytes, checksum: a7b507478d7e2f9dd3a4ee8a8a932be3 (MD5) RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o efeito imediato de uma sessão de exercícios do método Pilates sobre o padrão de cocontração (agonista/antagonista) dos músculos superficiais (iliocostal lombar e reto abdominal) e profundos (oblíquo interno e multífido) do tronco em indivíduos com e sem dor lombar durante teste de resistência muscular localizada. Participaram do estudo sujeitos adultos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 19 e 59 anos, separados em dois grupos: grupo com dor lombar (n=9) e grupo sem dor lombar (n=9). Foram coletados os sinais eletromiográficos dos músculos: oblíquo interno (OI), multífido lombar (MU), iliocostal lombar (IL) e reto abdominal (RA), durante as contrações isométricas voluntárias máximas e o teste de Biering-Sorensen antes e após a realização do protocolo de exercícios do método Pilates. Foi calculada a cocontração entre OI/MU direito e esquerdo (OI/MUd, OI/MUe) e RA/IL direito e esquerdo (RA/ILd e RA/ILe). A cocontração entre OI/MUd, OI/MUe, RA/ILd e RA/ILe foi, respectivamente, 41,4, 32,4, 56 e 31,2% maior no grupo com dor lombar (p

Introduction: The muscle stretching with supervision is resource widely used in medical rehabilitation in order to improving face-to-face treatment, contrib-uting to the increasing or maintenance of the flexibility. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of physiotherapeutic supervision in performing hamstring stretches. Methods: This study included 32 active young women, randomly divided into two groups: Guidance Group (I) and Group Stretching Performed by Physiotherapist (II). Initially, the flexibility was evaluated by sit and reach test, and test popliteal angle of the dominant limb. Group I was instructed how to perform self-stretching sessions. Group II was subjected to stretching performed passively. Both groups held two sessions per week for four weeks. Each session consisted of three sets of thirty seconds of sustained stretching in each leg. After this period, the volunteers were reevaluated. Results: Both groups showed im-provement in flexibility in relation to the two tests performed. Conclusion: The strategy of providing supervision to subjects in stretching is capable of improv-ing physiotherapeutic treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-12-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:08:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1517-86922014000600465.pdf: 289068 bytes, checksum: 6336987ca5fb5030d6864afabcb686af (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Introdução: As quedas em idosos são responsáveis por muitos casos de lesões e morte. As alterações de equilíbrio e força muscular decorrentes do envelhecimento, que contribuem para a ocorrência de quedas, podem ser parcialmente revertidas com o exercício físico. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos de 8 semanas de treinamento de equilíbrio com haste vibratória, sobre o comprimento de passo e a ativação muscular do membro inferior de idosas durante marcha com duplas tarefas. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 16 idosas divididas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo treinamento de equilíbrio (GTE) e grupo de treinamento de equilíbrio com haste vibratória (GTEHV). A avaliação da marcha foi composta por três condições distintas que incluiram marcha em velocidade de preferencia e duplas tarefas. Foram coletados os dados eletromiográficos dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral, bíceps femoral, tibial anterior e gastrocnêmio lateral, e dados cinemáticos de comprimento de passo. Resultados: O GTEHV apresentou maiores valores de comprimento de passo após o treinamento. Ambos os grupos (GTE e GTEHV) mostraram menores valores de ativação muscular após o treinamento. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o treinamento de equilíbrio com haste vibratória pode ser eficaz para melhora do desempenho durante diferentes condições de marcha em idosos, contribuindo para a prevenção de quedas nesta população. Introduction:Falls in elderly are responsible for many cases of injury and death. Changes in balance and muscle strength associated with aging that contribute to the occurrence of falls, can be partially reverted with exercise.Objective:Investigate the effect of eight weeks of oscillatory pole training on the step length and lower limb muscle activation during dual-task gait in elderly.Methods:The study included 16 female elderly randomly divided into two groups: balance training (GTE) and oscillatory pole training (GTEHV). The gait evaluation was composed of three conditions that included gait speed preference and dual-tasksgait. Electromyography findings of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and tibialis anterior, lateral head of gastrocnemius as well as kinematic data of step length were collected.Results:The GTEHV group showed higher values of step length after training. Both groups (GTE and GTEHV) showed lower muscle activation after training.Conclusion:The results suggest that balance training with oscillatory pole may be effective for improve performance during different gait conditions in elderly contributing to the prevention of falls in this population. Introducción: Las caídas en personas mayores son responsables por muchos casos de lesiones y muerte. Las alteraciones de equilibrio y fuerza muscular provenientes del envejecimiento, que contribuyen para la ocurrencia de caídas, pueden ser parcialmente revertidas con el ejercicio físico. Objetivo: Verificar los efectos de ocho semanas de entrenamiento de equilibrio con vara vibratoria, sobre la longitud de paso y la activación muscular del miembro inferior de mujeres mayores durante marcha con dobles tareas. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 16 mujeres mayores divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos: grupo entrenamiento de equilibrio (GTE) y grupo de entrenamiento de equilibrio con vara vibratoria (GTEHV). La evaluación de la marcha fue compuesta por tres condiciones distintas que incluyeron marcha en velocidad de preferencia y dobles tareas. Fueron colectados los datos electromiográficos de los músculos recto femoral, vasto lateral, bíceps femoral, tibial anterior y gastrocnemio lateral, y datos cinemáticos de longitud de paso. Resultados: El GTEHV presentó mayores valores de longitud de paso después del entrenamiento. Ambos grupos (GTE y GTEHV) mostraron menores valores de activación muscular después del entrenamiento. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el entrenamiento de equilibrio con vara vibratoria puede ser eficaz para mejoría del desempeño durante diferentes condiciones de marcha en personas mayores, contribuyendo para la prevención de caídas en esta población. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:38:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: Gait kinematic parameters have been reported as an important clinical tool to assess the risk of falls in older adults. However, the ability of these parameters to predict falls in the older population is still unclear. Objective: To identify the ability that gait kinematic parameters present to predict fall in older adults. Methods: Data from 102 older adults, who live in a community setting, were considered for this study. For data collection, older subjects had to walk on a 14 meter-walkway in their preferred gait speed. The incidence of falls was recorded at baseline together with gait kinematics and then every three months during the period of the study. The ability of gait kinematic parameters to predict falls was tested using the ROC curve. Results: Stance time variability, swing time, and stride length presented a sensitivity to predict falls in older adults higher than 70%. Conclusion: Gait kinematic parameters, such as stance variability, swing time, and stride length may predict future falls in older adults. Center of Health Sciences Universidade do Sagrado Coração USC Department of Physical Therapy and Occupation Therapy Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP Department of Physical Therapy and Occupation Therapy Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP FAPESP: 2014/07227-3

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: The clinical assessment of gait variability may be a particularly powerful tool in the screening of older adults at risk of falling. Measurement of gait variability is important in the assessment of fall risk, but the variability metrics used to evaluate gait timing have not yet been adequately studied. Objectives: The aims of this study were (1) to identify the best mathematical method of gait variability analysis to discriminate older fallers and non-fallers and (2) to identify the best temporal, kinematic parameter of gait to discriminate between older fallers and non-fallers. Methods: Thirty-five physically active volunteers participated in this study including 16 older women fallers (69.6 ± 8.1 years) and 19 older women non-fallers (66.1 ± 6.2 years). Volunteers were instructed to walk for 3 min on the treadmill to record the temporal kinematic gait parameters including stance time, swing time and stride time by four footswitches sensors placed under the volunteers’ feet. Data analysis used 40 consecutive gait cycles. Six statistical methods were used to determine the variability of the stance time, swing time and stride time. These included: (1) standard deviation of all the time intervals; (2) standard deviation of the means of these intervals taken every five strides; (3) mean of the standard deviations of the intervals determined every five strides; (4) root-mean-square of the differences between intervals; (5) coefficient of variation calculated as the standard deviation of the intervals divided by the mean of the intervals; and (6) a geometric method calculated based on the construction of a histogram of the intervals. Results: The standard deviation of 40 consecutive gait cycles was the most sensitive (100 %) and specificity (100 %) parameter to discriminate older fallers and non-fallers. Conclusion: The standard deviation of stance time is the kinematic gait variability parameter that demonstrated the best ability to discriminate older fallers from non-fallers. Protocol number of Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy São Paulo State University UNESP Department of Physical Education and Physical Therapy Uberlândia Federal University UFU Faculty of Medicine of Marilia FAMEMA Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University UNESP Departamento de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional UNESP, Avenida Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737 Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy São Paulo State University UNESP Department of Physical Education São Paulo State University UNESP Departamento de Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional UNESP, Avenida Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737 FAPESP: 11/11639-7

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-03-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:34:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-51502017000100125.pdf: 1248984 bytes, checksum: 5c021d14f9eed0ad17b8b6a0a9836066 (MD5) ResumoIntrodução Os acidentes de trânsito envolvendo pedestres são responsáveis por muitos casos de lesões graves e óbitos. Atravessar a rua com segurança requer complexo planejamento e demanda cognitiva, pois é necessário realizar mais de uma tarefa ao mesmo tempo.Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar alterações eletromiográficas durante a marcha de indivíduos jovens realizada concomitantemente com tarefas cognitivas.Métodos Participaram do estudo 17 jovens do sexo feminino com idade entre 18 e 25 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada em esteira ergométrica onde os voluntários realizaram o teste de marcha compostos por quatro condições distintas: marcha normal (MN), marcha com dupla tarefa fácil (DTF), marcha com dupla tarefa difícil (DTD) e marcha com dupla tarefa mista (DTM).Resultados Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a condição de MN para as demais condições para todos os músculos, sendo que durante a MN foram encontrados menores valores de ativação muscular. A co-contração muscular entre os músculos VM/BF mostrou diferença significativa entre as condições de MN e DTM (p = 0,04), sendo que durante a MN foram observados menores valores de co-contração.Conclusão Os dados do presente estudo, nos permitem concluir que a competição entre recursos motores e cognitivos afeta, significantemente, os níveis de ativação muscular e co-contração durante a marcha de mulheres adultas jovens. Assim, concluímos que a realização de duplas tarefas cognitivas durante a marcha pode ser considerada um fator de risco para o desempenho seguro da mesma, podendo ocasionar maior risco de acidentes aos pedestres. AbstractIntroduction Accidents involving pedestrians are responsible for many cases of serious injuries and deaths. Crossing streets safely requires complex planning and cognitive demand because it is necessary to perform more than one task at a time.Objective The aim of this study was to identify electromyographic changes during gait in young subjects who performed the cognitive tasks concurrently.Methods The study included 17 younger women aged between 18 and 25 years. Data collection was performed on a treadmill. The volunteers were instructed to walk in four different conditions: normal gait (NG), gait with dual easy task (DET), gait with dual hard task (DHT) and gait with dual mixed task (DMT).Results Significant differences were found between the MN condition to the other conditions for all muscles and, during the NG, smaller values of muscle activation were found. Muscle co-contraction between muscles VM / BF showed a significant difference between the conditions of NG and DMT (p = 0.04) and, during the NG, smaller values of co-contraction were observed.Conclusion The data of this study permits to conclude that the competition between motor and cognitive resources significantly affects the levels of muscle activation and co-contraction during gait in young adult women. Thus, we conclude that the performance of dual cognitive tasks while driving can be considered a risk factor for safe driving. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista

O tempo de reação eletromiográfica (TRE) reflete a magnitude e a velocidade com que os músculos são ativados para realizar movimentos, evitar lesões ou posicionar uma articulação e pode ser avaliado após uma perturbação externa para análise do desempenho do controle postural e relacioná-lo com a possibilidade de quedas em idosos. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o TRE dos músculos oblíquo interno (OI), reto femoral (RF), vasto lateral (VL), tibial anterior (TA), multífido (MU), glúteo máximo (GM), bíceps femoral (BF) e gastrocnêmio lateral (GL) em situações de perturbação do equilíbrio em idosos com e sem histórico de quedas. Para isso, foram avaliadas vinte e nove mulheres com 60 anos ou mais, fisicamente ativas e não-institucionalizadas e separadas em dois grupos de acordo com o relato de quedas nos 12 meses pregressos ao estudo: Grupo de Idosas Caidoras (GIC) (n=13; 72,4 ± 8,0 anos) e Grupo de Idosas Não-Caidoras (GINC) (n=16; 67,8 ± 6,8 anos). O TRE dos músculos avaliados durante o teste de desequilíbrio postural anterior e posterior não foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos. Os resultados sugerem que a ativação muscular dos músculos avaliados, tanto durante o desequilíbrio anterior quanto no desequilíbrio posterior, não podem ser considerados um fator determinante para quedas.

This study aimed to evaluate the motor response time and ability to develop joint torque at the knee and ankle in older women with and without a history of falls, in addition to investigating the effect of aging on these capacities. We assessed 18 young females, 21 older female fallers and 22 older female non-fallers. The peak torque, rate of torque development, rate of electromyography (EMG) rise, reaction time, premotor time and motor time were obtained through a dynamometric assessment and simultaneous electromyography. Surface EMGs of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were recorded. Knee extension and flexion peak torques were lower in older fallers than in non-fallers. Knee extension and flexion and ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion peak torques were lower in both older groups than in the younger group. The rate of EMG rise of the BF and the motor time of the TA were lower and higher, respectively, in older fallers than in the younger adults. The time to reach peak torque in knee extension/flexion and ankle plantarflexion/dorsiflexion and the motor times of the RF, VL, BF and GL were higher in both older groups than in the younger groups. The motor time of the TA during ankle dorsiflexion and the knee extension peak torque were the major predictors of falls in older women, accounting for approximately 28% of the number of falls. Thus, these results further reveal the biomechanical parameters that affect the risk of falls and provide initial findings to support the prescription of exercises in fall prevention programs.

Objective Investigate the influence of apprehensive gait on activation and cocontraction of lower limb muscles of younger and older female adults. Methods Data of 17 younger (21.47±2.06yr) and 18 older women (65.33±3.14yr) were considered for this study. Participants walked on the treadmill at two different conditions: normal gait and apprehensive gait. The surface electromyographic signals (EMG) were recorded during both conditions on: rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), and soleus (SO). Results Apprehensive gait promoted greater activation of thigh muscles than normal gait ( F =5.34 and p =0.007, for significant main effect of condition; RF, p =0.002; VM, p p =0.003; and BF, p =0.001). Older adults had greater cocontraction of knee and ankle stabilizer muscles than younger women ( F =4.05 and p =0.019, for significant main effect of groups; VM/BF, p =0.010; TA/GL, p =0.007; and TA/SO, p =0.002). Conclusion Apprehensive gait promoted greater activation of thigh muscles and older adults had greater cocontraction of knee and ankle stabilizer muscles. Thus, apprehensive gait may leads to increased percentage of neuromuscular capacity, which is associated with greater cocontraction and contribute to the onset of fatigue and increased risk of falling in older people.

Introduction : Falls during gait are one of the leading causes of death and injuries in elderly adults. Objective : This study aimed to compare the performance of young (YG) and elderly (EG) adults during dual-task gait (using a traffic light simulator) according to kinematics and electromyographic parameters. Materials and methods : 17 young and 18 elderly physically fit female subjects participated in this study. The volunteers walked on a treadmill under two different conditions: normal gait (M1) and dual-task gait (M2). We recorded EMG signals from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and soleus (SO). The following kinematic data were obtained: step length, step time and self-selected velocity. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon's, Mann-Whitney, T-student tests and T-student for independent samples. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results : For both groups, there was greater muscle activation of the RF, VM, VL, BF and SO during M2 than during M1. The YG showed lower muscle activation of the RF, VM, BF and SO during M2 when compared to EG. The EG had smaller step length than the YG. The step length values detected during M1 were higher than the ones collected during M2. During M2, the YG showed higher step time compared to the EG. Elderly subjects walked at a lower self-selected velocity than young subjects. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that dual-task gait modify the neuromuscular behavior in elderly subjects, increasing the risk of falls. Resumo Introdução : Quedas são eventos frequentes durante a marcha e são consideradas as principais causas de morte e lesões em idosos. Objetivos : O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar o desempenho de jovens (GJ) e idosas (GI) durante a marcha com dupla tarefa cotidiana (simulador de semáforos) por meio de parâmetros cinemáticos e eletromiográficos. Materiais e métodos : Participaram do estudo 17 jovens e 18 idosas ativas. As voluntárias andaram sobre esteira em 2 condições distintas: marcha normal (M1) e marcha dupla tarefa (M2). Os sinais eletromiográficos foram coletados dos músculos reto femoral (RF), vasto medial (VM), vasto lateral (VL), bíceps femoral (BF), tibial anterior (TA), gastrocnêmio lateral (GL) e sóleo (SO). Os dados cinemáticos analisados foram comprimento de passada, tempo de passada e velocidade de preferência. Para a análise dos dados foram usados os testes de Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, o teste T-student e o T-student para amostras independentes. Foi adotado nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados : Os músculos RF, VM, VL, BF e SO apresentaram ativação muscular maior na condição M2 em relação à condição M1 no GI e GJ. O GJ apresentou ativação muscular menor do RF, VM, BF e SO na condição M2 que GI. Na condição M1 os valores de comprimento de passada encontrados foram maiores que na condição M2. O tempo de passada para o GJ na condição M2 foi maior do que para o GI. Conclusões : Os idosos apresentaram velocidade de preferência menor que jovens. Nossos resultados sugerem que a marcha associada à dupla tarefa cotidiana, altera o comportamento neuromuscular do idoso, aumentando assim o risco de quedas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:11:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-01Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:22:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1980-65742013000300013.pdf: 106136 bytes, checksum: fd53fd58fa8eb10e19d71be67013b6c4 (MD5) O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência de uma tarefa cognitiva cotidiana sobre a coativação muscular de mulheres idosas e jovens durante a marcha. Participaram do estudo 17 mulheres jovens fisicamente ativas e 18 mulheres idosas com baixo risco de quedas. Os voluntários foram orientados a caminhar sobre uma esteira em duas diferentes condições de marcha: marcha normal e marcha com dupla-tarefa cotidiana. Os sinais eletromiográficos foram coletados dos músculos dos membros inferiores. A porcentagem de coativação para tibial anterior/gastrocnêmio lateral e tibial anterior/sóleo foram significativamente maiores em idosos do que em jovens na marcha normal e marcha com dupla-tarefa. Nossos resultados sugerem que os idosos tem maior coativação muscular no tornozelo durante a marcha normal e marcha com dupla tarefa cotidiana. Assim, nós concluimos que situações cognitivamente desafiadoras durante a marcha podem aumentar o risco de quedas em idosos. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of daily cognitive task on stiffness of old and young female adults during the gait. The study included 17 physically active younger and 18 older women, with low risk of falls. The volunteers were asked to walk on the treadmill at two different gait conditions: normal gait and functional dual-task gait. The electromyographic signals were collected of the lower limb muscles. The percentage of coactivation for the tibialis anterior/gastrocnemius lateralis and tibialis anterior/soleus were significantly higher in elderly than in younger in the normal gait and dual-task gait. Our results suggest that the elderly have a greater stiffness in the ankle joint during gait normal and daily dual task gait. Thus, we conclude that challenging cognitively situations during the gait may increase the risk of falls in this population. Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Biosci Inst IB, Biomech Lab, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Biosci Inst IB, Dept Phys Educ, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Dept Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo, Brazil Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys Therapy, Miami, FL 33199 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Biosci Inst IB, Biomech Lab, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Biosci Inst IB, Dept Phys Educ, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Dept Physiotherapy, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:27:31Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84877349316.pdf: 322883 bytes, checksum: 2d6fd6397b73a4b0d9959b89e59b35f0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-01 O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência do medo de cair e da dupla tarefa sobre a variabilidade de parâmetros eletromiográficos e cinemáticos da marcha de idosas. Dezessete universitárias (21,47 ± 2,06 anos) e dezoito idosas (65,33 ± 3,14 anos), fisicamente ativas, realizaram teste de marcha em três condições: velocidade de preferência; medo de cair; e dupla tarefa. A atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos do membro inferior dominante e o comprimento e tempo de passada foram registrados. Utilizouse o teste ANOVA Two-Way (p