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Road safety strategies adopted worldwide have made significant progress in reducing road trauma, but have stagnated more recently. The situation in low- and middle-income countries is even worse with no significant decrease in fatality rates. Safety researchers have argued that adopting sociotechnical systems approach is necessary to make significant advancements and improvements. The aim of this study was to develop a control structure model of the Bangladesh road safety system by identifying the actors and organisations involved across the system. Expert stakeholders were identified and interviewed, and relevant information was gathered in order to generate the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process control structure model. Throughout the analysis of this model, differences in the control and feedback mechanisms of the system were identified, and road safety intervention recommendations were made. Future research should also predict potential risks within the system and propose proactive and preventative countermeasures. Practitioner summary: In this article, a Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Process control structure model of the Bangladesh road safety system is developed, and the involved actors are identified. Based on interviews and workshops with expert stakeholders, differences in the controls and feedback mechanisms in the system were identified, and road safety intervention recommendations were made. Abbreviations: BUET: Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this investigation is to find a less‐expensive and less‐toxic environmentally benign route for the preparation of magnetic PANI nanocomposite particles. For this citric acid, a weak organic tricarboxylic acid has been used during seeded chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in presence of variable amounts of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Nanosized Fe3O4 particles are first prepared by co‐precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ from their alkaline solutions. Then in the second step, magnetic nanocomposite particles—named as Fe3O4/PANI—are prepared by seeded chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. Independent of Fe3O4 content, Fe3O4/PANI nanocomposite particles possessed comparable high electrical conductivity having the same magnitude as HCl‐doped PANI particles (2.13 × 10−3 S/cm). This result suggested that addition of citric acid during seeded chemical oxidative polymerization not only promoted solubilization of aniline but also functioned as stabilizer and doping agent. Iron oxide content critically influenced the stability, morphology, and magnetic properties of the produced nanocomposite particles. The saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility increased with the increase of Fe3O4 content. The nanocomposite particles prepared with core/shell ratio of 0.6/1 (w/w) exhibited the strongest paramagnetism and aligned into fiber‐like structure. The analysis of electromagnetic properties and spectral data from FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetry (TG) confirmed the complete coverage of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by PANI layer. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:4628–4636, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Injectable biomaterials have been engineered to operate within the human body, offering versatile solutions for minimally invasive therapies and meeting several stringent requirements such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low viscosity for ease of injection, mechanical strength, rapid gelation postinjection, controlled release of therapeutic agents, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance, stability under physiological conditions, and the ability to be sterilized. Their adaptability and performance in diverse clinical settings make them invaluable for modern medical treatments. This article reviews recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and characterization of injectable polymeric biomaterials, providing insights into their emerging applications. We discuss a broad spectrum of these materials, including natural, synthetic, hybrid, and composite types, that are being applied in targeted drug delivery, cell and protein transport, regenerative medicine, tissue adhesives, injectable implants, bioimaging, diagnostics, and 3D bioprinting. Ultimately, the review highlights the critical role of injectable polymeric biomaterials in shaping the future of medical treatments and improving patient outcomes across a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications.