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1. Antimicrobial stewardship implementation in primary and secondary tier hospitals in India: interim findings from a need assessment study using mixed method design

Author

Debnath, Falguni, De, Rajyasree Ghosh, Chakraborty, Debjit, Majumdar, Agniva, Mukhopadhyay, Sandip, Sarkar, Munmun Das, Singh, Taru, Patra, Sanjit Kumar, Saha, Surangana, Rehman, Julius, Roy, Dhiraj, Chakrabarti, Atreyi, Basu, Sulagna, Mukhopadhyay, Asish Kumar, Mondal, Amitabha, Soren, Shyamal, Datta, Kalpana, Pain, Shantasil, Mondal, Supreeti Biswas, Mondal, Palash, Walia, Kamini, Maji, Dipankar, Deb, Alok Kumar, and Dutta, Shanta

Published
2024
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4. Contribution of veterinary sector to antimicrobial resistance in One Health compendium: an insight from available Indian evidence.

Author

Chakraborty, Debjit, Debnath, Falguni, Giri, Sandip, Saha, Shatabdi, Pyne, Soume, Chakraverty, Raja, Majumdar, Agniva, Deb, Alok Kumar, Bhatia, Rajesh, and Dutta, Shanta

Subjects
CHICKEN as food, ESCHERICHIA coli, BOVINE mastitis, CHLORAMPHENICOL, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae, CAMPYLOBACTER jejuni
Abstract

The application of antibiotics in the poultry and veterinary sectors is very common practice in India. Owing to the seriousness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the present study has illustrated the overall scenario of AMR in the poultry and veterinary sectors in India through an in-depth scoping review and key informant interview (KII). In the poultry sector, most of the studies reviewed have reported resistant bacteria isolated from chicken meat, eggs, cloacal swabs, and fecal samples, and only a few have reported the presence of resistant bacteria in and around the environment of poultry farms. The major resistant bacteria that have been reported are E. coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, Campylobacter jejuni, and K. pneumoniae. These bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to various antibiotics, such as azithromycin (21.43%), tetracycline (11.30-100%), chloramphenicol (4.76-100%), erythromycin (75-83.33%), ciprofloxacin (5.7-100%), gentamicin (17-100%), amikacin (4.76%), cotrimoxazole (42.2-60%), trimethoprim (89.4%), ceftriaxone (80%), and cefotaxime (14.29-70%). Like the poultry sector, different antibiotics are also used for treating clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis, which is one of the major problems plaguing the dairy sector. Several AMR bacterial strains, such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have been reported by many researchers and showed resistance against tetracycline (74%), oxytetracycline (47.37%), ciprofloxacin (51%), streptomycin (57.89%), cephalosporin (100%), and trimethoprim (70%). The KIIs have revealed several reasons behind these AMR scenarios, of which the growing need for the production of food animals and their products with inadequate infrastructure and a lack of proper knowledge on farm management among the farmers are the major ones. Though several government legislations and policies have been laid down, proper implementation of these policies, strict surveillance on antibiotic application in the poultry and veterinary sectors, awareness generation among farmers, and infrastructure development can help minimize the development and transmission of AMR bacteria within and from these sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Sexually transmitted infections among key populations in India: systematic review with spatiotemporal distribution

Author

BHATTA, Mihir, primary, Majumdar, Agniva, additional, Biswas, Subrata, additional, Ghosh, Utsha, additional, Ghosh, Piyali, additional, Banerji, Papiya, additional, Aridoss, Santa Kumar, additional, Venkatesh, Bhumika Tumkur, additional, Das, Nibedita, additional, Royal, Abhisek, additional, Ray, Protim, additional, Goswami, Prabuddha Gopal, additional, Prassad, Turalpati LN, additional, Medhi, Gajendra Kumar, additional, Khan, Pankaj Kumar, additional, Saikia, Lahari, additional, Debnath, Falguni, additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Adhikary, Rajatasuvra, additional, and Dutta, Shanta, additional

Published
2024
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8. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020–January 2021

Author

Anand, Tanu, Babu, Giridhara R., Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gangakhedkar, Raman R., Kant, Shashi, Kulkarni, Sanket, Muliyil, J.P., Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, Sarkar, Swarup, Shah, Naman, Shrivastava, Aakash, Singh, Sujeet K., Zodpe, Sanjay, Hindupur, Anusha, Asish, P.R., Chellakumar, M., Chokkalingam, D., Dasgupta, Sauvik, Gowtham, M.M.E., Jose, Annamma, Kalaiyarasi, K., Karthik, N.N., Karunakaran, T., Kiruthika, G., Dinesh Kumar, H., Sarath Kumar, S., Sarath Kumar, M.P., Michaelraj, E., Pradhan, Josephine, Arun Prasath, E.B., Gladys Angelin Rachel, D., Rani, Sudha, Rozario, Amanda, Sivakumar, R., Gnana Soundari, P., Sujeetha, K., Vinod, Arya, Murhekar, Manoj V., Bhatnagar, Tarun, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, Saravanakumar, V., Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, Selvaraju, Sriram, Rade, Kiran, Kumar, C.P. Girish, Sabarinathan, R., Turuk, Alka, Asthana, Smita, Balachandar, Rakesh, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, Bansal, Avi Kumar, Chopra, Vishal, Das, Dasarathi, Deb, Alok Kumar, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, Dhikav, Vikas, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, Kumar, M. Sunil, Laxmaiah, Avula, Madhukar, Major, Mahapatra, Amarendra, Rangaraju, Chethana, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, Yadav, Rajiv, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, Arunraj, K., Bharadwaj, Dinesh Kumar, Bharti, Pravin, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, Bhat, Jyothi, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., Chakraborty, Debjit, Chaudhury, Anshuman, Deval, Hirawati, Dhatrak, Sarang, Dayal, Rakesh, Elantamilan, D., Giridharan, Prathiksha, Haq, Inaamul, Hudda, Ramesh Kumar, Jagjeevan, Babu, Kalliath, Arshad, Kanungo, Srikanta, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., Kshatri, Jaya Singh, Kumar, Alok, Kumar, Niraj, Kumar, V.G. Vinoth, Lakshmi, G.G.J. Naga, Mehta, Ganesh, Mishra, Nandan Kumar, Mitra, Anindya, Nagbhushanam, K., Nimmathota, Arlappa, Nirmala, A.R., Pandey, Ashok Kumar, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, Reddy, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu, Robinson, Aby, Sahay, Seema, Saxena, Rochak, Sekar, Krithikaa, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, Singh, Hari Bhan, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Pushpendra, Singh, Rajeev, Srinivasan, Nivetha, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, Viramgami, Ankit, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, Yadav, Surabhi, Yadav, Suresh, Zaman, Kamran, Chakrabarti, Amit, Das, Aparup, Dhaliwal, R.S., Dutta, Shanta, Kant, Rajni, Khan, A.M., Narain, Kanwar, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, Pandey, Krishna, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Shripad, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, Ramarao, Tekumalla, Sharma, Y.K., Singh, Shalini, Panda, Samiran, Reddy, D.C.S., and Bhargava, Balram

Published
2021
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9. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey

Author

Andhalkar, Rushikesh, Chaudhury, Anshuman, Deval, Hirawati, Dhatrak, Sarang, Gupta, Rajeev Ranjan, Ilayaperumal, Ezhilarasan, Jagjeevan, Babu, Jha, Ramesh Chandra, Kiran, K, Krishnan, Nivethitha N, Kumar, Alok, Kumar, VG Vinoth, Nagbhushanam, K, Nimmathota, Arlappa, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, Pawar, Harpreet Singh, Rathore, Kushal Singh, Robinson, Aby, Singh, Hari Bhan, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, Yadav, Ashwini, Yadav, Rajiv, Karunakaran, T, Pradhan, Josephine, Sivakumar, T, Jose, Annamma, Kalaiyarasi, K, Dasgupta, Sauvik, Anusha, R, Anand, Tanu, Babu, Giridhara R, Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gangakhedkar, Raman R, Kant, Shashi, Kulkarni, Sanket, Muliyil, J P, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, Sarkar, Swarup, Shrivastava, Aakash, Singh, Sujeet K, Zodpey, Sanjay, Das, Aparup, Das, Pradeep, Dutta, Shanta, Kant, Rajni, Narain, Kanwar, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Shripad, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, Ramarao, Tekumalla, Sarkar, Kamalesh, Singh, Shalini, Toteja, Gurudayal S, Zaman, Kamran, Murhekar, Manoj V, Bhatnagar, Tarun, Selvaraju, Sriram, Saravanakumar, V, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, Shah, Naman, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, Rade, Kiran, Sabarinathan, R, Asthana, Smita, Balachandar, Rakesh, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, Bansal, Avi Kumar, Bhat, Jyothi, Chopra, Vishal, Das, Dasarathi, Deb, Alok Kumar, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, Khan, S Muhammad Salim, Kumar, C P Girish, Kumar, M Sunil, Laxmaiah, Avula, Madhukar, Major, Mahapatra, Amarendra, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, Rangaraju, Chethana, Turuk, Alka, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, Chahal, Ashrafjit S, Debnath, Falguni, Haq, Inaamul, Kalliath, Arshad, Kanungo, Srikanta, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, Lakshmi, G G J Naga, Mitra, Anindya, Nirmala, A R, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, Sahay, Seema, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, Sekar, Krithikaa, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Pushpendra, Singh, Rajeev, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, Viramgami, Ankit, Panda, Samiran, Reddy, D C S, and Bhargava, Balram

Published
2021
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11. HIV Transmission Potential Among Local and Migrant Factory Workers in Kolkata, India

Author

Deb, Alok Kumar, Deb, Manjari, Saha, Malay Kumar, Chakraborty, Shantanu, Bhattacharya, Sujit Kumar, and Detels, Roger

Subjects
Medicine & Public Health, Health Psychology, Infectious Diseases, Public Health/Gesundheitswesen, Condoms, India, HIV, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Migrants
Abstract

Migrant workers in India play a key role in the spread of HIV. Kolkata is a common destination for workers, who may acquire infection and transmit it to their wives and/or other sexual partners. We investigated sexual relations and condom use by factory workers. Migrant and local factory workers were randomly selected from five wards of Kolkata. Information was collected about demographic and socio-economic characteristics, sexual relationships, condom usage, and perceptions and intent to use condoms. Condom use was very low in both groups of workers, particularly among migrants. Many married workers visited female sex workers but never used condoms. Few intended to use condoms, and if they did, it did not always translate into actual usage. There is great potential for transmission of HIV/sexually transmitted infections by these workers. Carefully designed intervention and education programs in the context of low literacy and cultural norms are urgently needed.

Published
2009

12. Altered molecular attributes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains isolated from the cholera endemic regions of India

Author

Shaw, Sreeja, primary, Samanta, Prosenjit, additional, Chowdhury, Goutam, additional, Ghosh, Debjani, additional, Dey, Tanmoy Kumar, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, additional, Miyoshi, Shin-ichi, additional, Ghosh, Amit, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, and Mukhopadhyay, Asish Kumar, additional

Published
2022
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13. Altered molecular attributes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Vibrio choleraeO1 El Tor strains isolated from the cholera endemic regions of India.

Author

Shaw, Sreeja, Samanta, Prosenjit, Chowdhury, Goutam, Ghosh, Debjani, Dey, Tanmoy Kumar, Deb, Alok Kumar, Ramamurthy, Thandavarayan, Miyoshi, Shin‐ichi, Ghosh, Amit, Dutta, Shanta, and Mukhopadhyay, Asish Kumar

Subjects
VIBRIO cholerae, CHOLERA, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, POLYMYXIN, POLYMERASE chain reaction
Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to document the comparative analysis of differential hypervirulent features of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated during 2018 from cholera endemic regions in Gujarat and Maharashtra (Western India) and West Bengal (Eastern India). Methods and Results: A total of 87 V. cholerae O1 clinical strains from Western India and 48 from Eastern India were analysed for a number of biotypic and genotypic features followed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile. A novel polymerase chain reaction was designed to detect a large fragment deletion in the Vibrio seventh pandemic island II (VSP‐II) genomic region, which is a significant genetic feature of the V. cholerae strains that have caused Yemen cholera outbreak. All the strains from Western India belong to the Ogawa serotype, polymyxin B‐sensitive, hemolytic, had a deletion in VSP‐II (VSP‐IIC) region and carried Haitian genetic alleles of ctxB, tcpA and rtxA. Conversely, 14.6% (7/48) of the strains from Eastern India belonged to the Inaba serotype, polymyxin B‐resistant, nonhemolytic, harboured VSP‐II other than VSP‐IIC type, classical ctxB, Haitian tcpA and El Tor rtxA alleles. Resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol has been observed in strains from both regions. Conclusions: This study showed hypervirulent, polymyxin B‐sensitive epidemic causing strains in India along with the strains with polymyxin B‐resistant and nonhemolytic traits that may spread and cause serious disease outcomes in future. Significance and impact of the study: The outcomes of this study can help to improve the understanding of the hyperpathogenic property of recently circulating pandemic Vibrio cholerae strains in India. Special attention is also needed for the monitoring of AMR surveillance because V. cholerae strains are losing susceptibility to many antibiotics used as a second line of defence in the treatment of cholera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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15. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020–January 2021

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V., primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Saravanakumar, V., additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Kumar, C.P. Girish, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dhikav, Vikas, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Arunraj, K., additional, Bharadwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Bharti, Pravin, additional, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Dayal, Rakesh, additional, Elantamilan, D., additional, Giridharan, Prathiksha, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Hudda, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, Niraj, additional, Kumar, V.G. Vinoth, additional, Lakshmi, G.G.J. Naga, additional, Mehta, Ganesh, additional, Mishra, Nandan Kumar, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nagbhushanam, K., additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Nirmala, A.R., additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Reddy, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Saxena, Rochak, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Surabhi, additional, Yadav, Suresh, additional, Zaman, Kamran, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Dhaliwal, R.S., additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Khan, A.M., additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, additional, Pandey, Krishna, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sharma, Y.K., additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D.C.S., additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, Anand, Tanu, additional, Babu, Giridhara R., additional, Chauhan, Himanshu, additional, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Gangakhedkar, Raman R., additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Kulkarni, Sanket, additional, Muliyil, J.P., additional, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, additional, Sarkar, Swarup, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Shrivastava, Aakash, additional, Singh, Sujeet K., additional, Zodpe, Sanjay, additional, Hindupur, Anusha, additional, Asish, P.R., additional, Chellakumar, M., additional, Chokkalingam, D., additional, Dasgupta, Sauvik, additional, Gowtham, M.M.E., additional, Jose, Annamma, additional, Kalaiyarasi, K., additional, Karthik, N.N., additional, Karunakaran, T., additional, Kiruthika, G., additional, Dinesh Kumar, H., additional, Sarath Kumar, S., additional, Sarath Kumar, M.P., additional, Michaelraj, E., additional, Pradhan, Josephine, additional, Arun Prasath, E.B., additional, Gladys Angelin Rachel, D., additional, Rani, Sudha, additional, Rozario, Amanda, additional, Sivakumar, R., additional, Gnana Soundari, P., additional, Sujeetha, K., additional, and Vinod, Arya, additional

Published
2021
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16. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic variations of human adenovirus‐F strains circulating in eastern India during 2017–2020

Author

Chandra, Pritam, primary, Lo, Mahadeb, additional, Mitra, Suvrotoa, additional, Banerjee, Anindita, additional, Saha, Priyanka, additional, Okamoto, Keinosuke, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Ghosh, Sanat Kumar, additional, Manna, Asis, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, and Chawla‐Sarkar, Mamta, additional

Published
2021
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17. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V, primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Saravanakumar, V, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Sabarinathan, R, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, C P Girish, additional, Kumar, M Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S, additional, Debnath, Falguni, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Lakshmi, G G J Naga, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nirmala, A R, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D C S, additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Gupta, Rajeev Ranjan, additional, Ilayaperumal, Ezhilarasan, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Jha, Ramesh Chandra, additional, Kiran, K, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, VG Vinoth, additional, Nagbhushanam, K, additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Pawar, Harpreet Singh, additional, Rathore, Kushal Singh, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Ashwini, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Karunakaran, T, additional, Pradhan, Josephine, additional, Sivakumar, T, additional, Jose, Annamma, additional, Kalaiyarasi, K, additional, Dasgupta, Sauvik, additional, Anusha, R, additional, Anand, Tanu, additional, Babu, Giridhara R, additional, Chauhan, Himanshu, additional, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Gangakhedkar, Raman R, additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Kulkarni, Sanket, additional, Muliyil, J P, additional, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, additional, Sarkar, Swarup, additional, Shrivastava, Aakash, additional, Singh, Sujeet K, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Das, Pradeep, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sarkar, Kamalesh, additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Toteja, Gurudayal S, additional, and Zaman, Kamran, additional

Published
2021
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18. SARS-CoV-2 Sero-Prevalence among General Population and Healthcare Workers in India, December 2020 - January 2021

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V., primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Saravanakumar, V., additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, CP, Girish Kumar, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dhikav, Vikas, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Arunraj, K., additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Bharti, Pravin, additional, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Dayal, Rakesh, additional, Elantamilan, D., additional, Giridharan, Prathiksha, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Hudda, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, Niraj, additional, Kumar, V.G. Vinoth, additional, Naga Lakshmi, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi, additional, Mehta, Ganesh, additional, Mishra, Nandan Kumar, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nagbhushanam, K., additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Nirmala, A.R., additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Reddy, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Saxena, Rochak, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Surabhi, additional, Yadav, Suresh, additional, Zaman, Kamran, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Dhaliwal, R.S., additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Khan, A M, additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, additional, Pandey, Krishna, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sharma, Y.K., additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D.C.S., additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, and Group, ICMR Serosurveillance, additional

Published
2021
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19. Prevalence of Igg Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Among the General Population and Healthcare Workers in India, June–July 2021

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V., primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Saravanakumar, V., additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Rade, Kirankumar, additional, Kumar, C.P. Girish, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Yadav, Suresh, additional, Anand, P. K., additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Arlappa, Nimmathota, additional, Bashir, Khalid, additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Bharti, Pravin, additional, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, additional, Behera, Sthita Pragnya, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Dhikav, Vikas, additional, Dayal, Rakesh, additional, Giridharan, Prathiksha, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Jain, Agam, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Karunakaran, T., additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Kumar, Niraj, additional, Kumar, Vijay, additional, Kumar, V.G. Vinod, additional, Naga Lakshmi, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi, additional, Mehta, Ganesh, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nagbhushanam, K., additional, Nirmala, A.R., additional, Palo, Subrat Kumar, additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Pucha, Uday Kumar, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Sabaharwal, Vikas, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Saxena, Rochak, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Thakor, Mahendra, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Menon, Pradeep A., additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Yadav, Surabhi, additional, Singh, Manjula, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Khan, A.M., additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, additional, Pandey, Krishna, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramesh, T., additional, Sharma, Arun Kumar, additional, Sharma, Y.K., additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D.C.S., additional, and Bhargava, Balram, additional

Published
2021
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22. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence in India: Findings from the Second Nationwide Household Serosurvey, August - September 2020

Author

Murhekar, Manoj, primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Kumar, V. Saravana, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Santhosh Kumar, Muthusamy, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, CP Girish, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Debnath, Falguni, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Kshatri, Jaya, additional, Naga Lakshmi, Gangeti Gandhi Jayanthi, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nirmala, AR, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, DCS, additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, and Group, ICMR Serosurveillance, additional

Published
2020
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24. Distribution of virulence factors and its relatedness towards the antimicrobial response of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients in Kolkata, India.

Author

Mondal, Indranil, Bhakat, Debjyoti, Chowdhury, Goutam, Manna, Asis, Samanta, Sandip, Deb, Alok Kumar, Mukhopadhyay, Asish Kumar, and Chatterjee, Nabendu Sekhar

Subjects
ESCHERICHIA coli, EPITOPES, DRUG resistance in bacteria, VACCINATION coverage, VACCINE development, EXOTOXIN
Abstract

Aim: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most widely recognized diarrhoeal pathogens in developing countries. The advancement of ETEC vaccine development depends on the antigenic determinants of the ETEC isolates from a particular geographical region. So, the aim here was to comprehend the distribution of virulence determinants of the clinical ETEC strains of this region. Additionally, an attempt was made to find any correlation with the antimicrobial response pattern. Methods and results: Multiplex PCR was employed to identify virulence determinants followed by confirmatory singleplex PCR. For observation of antibiotic response, the Kirby‐Bauer method was used. Out of 379 strains, 46% of strains harboured both the enterotoxins ST and LT, whereas 15% were LT only. Among the major colonization factors (CFs), CS6 (41%) was the most prevalent followed by CFA/I (35%) and CFA/III was the lowest (3%). Among the minor CFs, CS21 (25%) was most prevalent, while CS15 showed the lowest (3%) presence. Among the non‐classical virulence factors, EatA (69%) was predominant. ETEC strains harbouring CS6 showed resistance towards the commonly used drug Ciprofloxacin (70%). Conclusion: CS6 and elt+est toxin genes co‐occurred covering 51% of the isolates. CS21 was found in most strains with est genes (43%). EatA was found to occur frequently when ST was present alone or with LT. CS6‐harbouring strains showed an independent correlation to antimicrobial resistance. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study would aid in identifying the commonly circulating ETEC isolates of Kolkata, India, and their prevalent virulence determinants. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance patterns would also help in the appropriate use of antibiotics. Furthermore, the study would aid in identifying the multivalent antigens suitable for region‐specific ETEC vaccines with maximum coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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25. Challenges for Programmatic Implementation of Oral Cholera Vaccine in India.

Author

Chakraborty, Debjit, Kanungo, Suman, Nandy, Ranjan Kumar, Deb, Alok Kumar, Mukhopadhyay, Asish Kumar, Dutta, Shanta, Kumar Nandy, Ranjan, Kumar Deb, Alok, and Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Asish

Subjects
CHOLERA vaccines, CHOLERA, ORAL vaccines
Abstract

Cholera remains a major contributor of diarrheal diseases and leads to substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in low socioeconomic settings. Nonavailability of a national cholera control plan in India, compounded by underreporting of cholera cases and deficient accurate cholera hotspot estimates, has made cholera control a challenge. Obstacles in the programmatic introduction of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) lie within the infrastructure-stockpile, costing, distribution system, cold-chain mechanism, vaccine logistics, and lack of strengthened surveillance systems for adverse events following immunization. Sustained political commitment along with collaboration of people working in the media will also determine the policy outcome of OCV introduction in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. Evaluation of new-generation serologic tests for the diagnosis of typhoid fever: data from a community-based surveillance in Calcutta, India

Author

Dutta, Shanta, primary, Sur, Dipika, additional, Manna, Byomkesh, additional, Sen, Bhaswati, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Deen, Jacqueline L., additional, Wain, John, additional, Von Seidlein, Lorenz, additional, Ochiai, Leon, additional, Clemens, John D., additional, and Kumar Bhattacharya, Sujit, additional

Published
2006
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32. The challenge of pneumonia & acute diarrhoea at global, regional & national levels: Time to refocus on a top most priority health problem.

Author

Deb, Alok Kumar, Kanungo, Suman, Nair, G. Balakrish, and Narain, Jai P.

Subjects
*PNEUMONIA, *DIARRHEA, *HEALTH, DEVELOPING countries
Abstract

The authors discusses the need to consider pneumonia and acute diarrhoea as priority health problems. They state that these diseases occur in outbreaks which affect adults and children. They mention that evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce morbidity and mortality for pneumonia and diarrhoea in developing countries.

Published
2011

34. Multi-center surveillance for pneumonia & meningitis among children (<2 yr) for Hib vaccine probe trial preparation in India.

Author

Gupta, Madhu, Kumar, Rajesh, Deb, Alok Kumar, Bhattacharya, Sujit Kumar, Bose, Anuradha, John, Jacob, Balraj, Vinohar, Ganguly, N. K., Kant, Lalit, Kapoor, Ambujam Nair, Watt, James, Shearer, Jessica, and Santosham, Mathuram

Subjects
*HAEMOPHILUS influenzae, *PNEUMONIA in children, *MENINGITIS in children, *BACTERIAL vaccines, *DISEASE incidence
Abstract

Background & objectives: Severe clinical pneumonia and meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b in children less than 5 yr old is preventable by use of Hib vaccine. However, data on Hib burden in India are limited. To support an evidence-based decision for Hib vaccine introduction in India, a vaccine probe study was planned. This paper presents the results of the preparatory phase for such a study, which aimed to determine the feasibility of conducting a randomized vaccine probe study and to estimate the incidence of all causes of pneumonia and meningitis. The preparatory study included population-based, hospital-based and carriage surveillance. Methods: Children aged 18-24 months and were enrolled at PGIMER, Chandigarh, CMC, Vellore and NICED, Kolkata, from July 2005 to December 2006. At the time of enrollment, parents were informed about the signs and symptoms of pneumonia and meningitis, and were encouraged to take the child to study hospitals for treatment. Hospitalized children less than two years of age suspected of having pneumonia and/or meningitis were enrolled in study hospitals, whether or not they were from the cohort population. Patients were examined clinically and received chest radiograph for suspected cases of pneumonia or lumbar puncture for suspected cases of meningitis. Blood culture was done for both pneumonia and meningitis patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was tested for biochemistry, culture, latex agglutination test and polymerase chain reaction. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from healthy children less than 2 yr of age at immunization clinics to estimate Hib carriage. Results: A cohort of 17,951 children were recruited for the population-based arm. The incidence of severe clinical pneumonia ranged from 2717 to 7890 per 100,000 child-years of observation; suspected meningitis ranged from 1971 to 2433 per 100,000 child-years of observation. In the hospital-based study 7/90 (7.8%), 29/98 (29.6%) and 38/181 (21.0%) of CSF samples with cell count ≥100 WBCs/mm³ were purulent at Chandigarh, Kolkata and Vellore respectively. Of these purulent CSF samples, Hib was detected in 2, 6 and 11 cases, respectively. The Hib nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence ranged from 6.0 - 7.6 per cent. Interpretation & conclusions: Incidence of severe clinical pneumonia is comparable with other studies from India but that of suspected meningitis is higher. Although rates of Hib meningitis cannot be calculated from a hospital-based study, there is evidence of Hib meningitis in these study settings. Hib carriage prevalence indicates that Hib is present and circulating in these study areas. There is a significant burden of pneumonia and meningitis among children in India. Continued strengthening of laboratory capacity and bacterial surveillance systems are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

35. Increased human-animal interface & emerging zoonotic diseases: An enigma requiring multi-sectoral efforts to address.

Author

Debnath F, Chakraborty D, Deb AK, Saha MK, and Dutta S

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Zoonoses epidemiology, COVID-19, Communicable Diseases, Emerging epidemiology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
Abstract

Increased human-animal interfaces impose threats on human life by creating scope for the emergence and resurgence of many infectious diseases. Over the last two decades, emergence of novel viral diseases such as SARS, influenza A/H1N1(09) pdm; MERS; Nipah virus disease; Ebola haemorrhagic fever and the current COVID-19 has resulted in massive outbreaks, epidemics and pandemics thereby causing profound losses of human life, health and economy. The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 200 countries, reporting a global case load of 167,878,000 with 2 per cent mortality as on May 26, 2021. This has highlighted the importance of reducing human- animal interfaces to prevent such zoonoses. Rapid deforestation, shrinking of boundaries between human and animal, crisis for natural habitation, increasing demands for wildlife products and threat of extinction compounded by biodiversity narrowing compel to increased human-animal conflict and contact. Large quantities of animal waste generated due to animal agriculture may also allow rapid selection, amplification, dissemination of zoonotic pathogens and facilitate zoonotic pathogen adaptation and hinder host evolution for resistance. Public health system faces challenges to contain such epidemics due to inadequate understanding, poor preparedness, lack of interdisciplinary approach in surveillance and control strategy and deficient political commitments. Because the management measures are beyond the purview of health system alone, policy-level adaptation in the transdisciplinary issues are required, emphasizing the engagement of multiple stakeholders towards wildlife protection, alternative land use, community empowerment for natural resource management and regulation on business of wildlife products to ensure comprehensive one health practice., Competing Interests: None

Published
2021
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36. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: Findings from the national serosurvey, May-June 2020.

Author

Murhekar MV, Bhatnagar T, Selvaraju S, Rade K, Saravanakumar V, Vivian Thangaraj JW, Kumar MS, Shah N, Sabarinathan R, Turuk A, Anand PK, Asthana S, Balachandar R, Bangar SD, Bansal AK, Bhat J, Chakraborty D, Rangaraju C, Chopra V, Das D, Deb AK, Devi KR, Dwivedi GR, Salim Khan SM, Haq I, Kumar MS, Laxmaiah A, Madhuka, Mahapatra A, Mitra A, Nirmala AR, Pagdhune A, Qurieshi MA, Ramarao T, Sahay S, Sharma YK, Shrinivasa MB, Shukla VK, Singh PK, Viramgami A, Wilson VC, Yadav R, Girish Kumar CP, Luke HE, Ranganathan UD, Babu S, Sekar K, Yadav PD, Sapkal GN, Das A, Das P, Dutta S, Hemalatha R, Kumar A, Narain K, Narasimhaiah S, Panda S, Pati S, Patil S, Sarkar K, Singh S, Kant R, Tripathy S, Toteja GS, Babu GR, Kant S, Muliyil JP, Pandey RM, Sarkar S, Singh SK, Zodpey S, Gangakhedkar RR, S Reddy DC, and Bhargava B

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Betacoronavirus pathogenicity, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections blood, Coronavirus Infections virology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, India epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral blood, Pneumonia, Viral virology, SARS-CoV-2, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult, Antibodies, Viral blood, Betacoronavirus genetics, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Immunoglobulin G blood, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology
Abstract

Background & Objectives: Population-based seroepidemiological studies measure the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a country. We report the findings of the first round of a national serosurvey, conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among adult population of India., Methods: From May 11 to June 4, 2020, a randomly sampled, community-based survey was conducted in 700 villages/wards, selected from the 70 districts of the 21 States of India, categorized into four strata based on the incidence of reported COVID-19 cases. Four hundred adults per district were enrolled from 10 clusters with one adult per household. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies using COVID Kavach ELISA kit. All positive serum samples were re-tested using Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 ELISA. Adjusting for survey design and serial test performance, weighted seroprevalence, number of infections, infection to case ratio (ICR) and infection fatality ratio (IFR) were calculated. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with IgG positivity., Results: Total of 30,283 households were visited and 28,000 individuals were enrolled. Population-weighted seroprevalence after adjusting for test performance was 0.73 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-1.13]. Males, living in urban slums and occupation with high risk of exposure to potentially infected persons were associated with seropositivity. A cumulative 6,468,388 adult infections (95% CI: 3,829,029-11,199,423) were estimated in India by the early May. The overall ICR was between 81.6 (95% CI: 48.3-141.4) and 130.1 (95% CI: 77.0-225.2) with May 11 and May 3, 2020 as plausible reference points for reported cases. The IFR in the surveyed districts from high stratum, where death reporting was more robust, was 11.72 (95% CI: 7.21-19.19) to 15.04 (9.26-24.62) per 10,000 adults, using May 24 and June 1, 2020 as plausible reference points for reported deaths., Interpretation & Conclusions: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was low among the adult population in India around the beginning of May 2020. Further national and local serosurveys are recommended to better inform the public health strategy for containment and mitigation of the epidemic in various parts of the country., Competing Interests: None

Published
2020
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37. Cleanliness: Success in Water Borne Diseases .

Author

Debnath F, Deb AK, Sinha A, Chatterjee P, and Dutta S

Subjects
History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Waterborne Diseases epidemiology, Waterborne Diseases prevention & control, Health history, Hygiene history, Waterborne Diseases history
Abstract

Competing Interests: None

Published
2019
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