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2. Cholera Outbreak in Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya — November 2015–June 2016

Author

Golicha, Qabale, Shetty, Sharmila, Nasiblov, Orkhan, Hussein, Abubakar, Wainaina, Eliud, Obonyo, Mark, Macharia, Daniel, Musyoka, Raymond N., Abdille, Hussein, Ope, Maurice, Joseph, Rachael, Kabugi, Willy, Kiogora, John, Said, Munawwar, Boru, Waqo, Galgalo, Tura, Lowther, Sara A., Juma, Bonventure, Mugoh, Robert, Wamola, Newton, Onyango, Clayton, Gura, Zeinab, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, DeCock, Kevin M., and Burton, John W.

Published
2018

7. Decreased Ebola transmission after rapid response to outbreaks in remote areas, Liberia, 2014

Author

Lindblade, Kim A., Kateh, Francis, Nagbe, Thomas K., Neatherlin, John C., Pillai, Satish K., Attfield, Kathleen R., Dweh, Emmanuel, Barradas, Danielle T., Williams, Seymour G., Blackley, David J., Kirking, Hannah L., Patel, Monita R., Dea, Monica, Massoudi, Mehran S., Wannemuehler, Kathleen, Barskey, Albert E., Zarecki, Shauna L. Mettee, Fomba, Moses, Grube, Steven, Belcher, Lisa, Broyles, Laura N., Maxwell, T. Nikki, Hagan, Jose E., Yeoman, Kristin, Westercamp, Matthew, Forrester, Joseph, Mott, Joshua, Mahoney, Frank, Slutsker, Laurence, DeCock, Kevin M., and Nyenswah, Tolbert

Subjects
Research, Risk factors, Ebola hemorrhagic fever -- Health aspects -- Risk factors -- Research, Disease transmission -- Research, Ebola virus infections -- Health aspects -- Risk factors -- Research
Abstract

The current Ebola virus disease (Ebola) epidemic in West Africa, caused by the Zaire strain, is the largest in history; >27,000 cases have been reported since Ebola was detected in [...]

Published
2015
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8. Leading causes of death and high mortality rates in an HIV endemic setting (Kisumu county, Kenya, 2019)

Author

HTA Onderzoek Team 1, Schakelcentrum gezond leven, Global Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Waruru, Anthony, Onyango, Dickens, Nyagah, Lilly, Sila, Alex, Waruiru, Wanjiru, Sava, Solomon, Oele, Elizabeth, Nyakeriga, Emmanuel, Muuo, Sheru W., Kiboye, Jacqueline, Musingila, Paul K., van der Sande, Marianne A.B., Massawa, Thaddeus, Rogena, Emily A., DeCock, Kevin M., Young, Peter W., HTA Onderzoek Team 1, Schakelcentrum gezond leven, Global Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Waruru, Anthony, Onyango, Dickens, Nyagah, Lilly, Sila, Alex, Waruiru, Wanjiru, Sava, Solomon, Oele, Elizabeth, Nyakeriga, Emmanuel, Muuo, Sheru W., Kiboye, Jacqueline, Musingila, Paul K., van der Sande, Marianne A.B., Massawa, Thaddeus, Rogena, Emily A., DeCock, Kevin M., and Young, Peter W.

Published
2022

11. Leading causes of death and high mortality rates in an HIV endemic setting (Kisumu county, Kenya, 2019)

Author

Waruru, Anthony, primary, Onyango, Dickens, additional, Nyagah, Lilly, additional, Sila, Alex, additional, Waruiru, Wanjiru, additional, Sava, Solomon, additional, Oele, Elizabeth, additional, Nyakeriga, Emmanuel, additional, Muuo, Sheru W., additional, Kiboye, Jacqueline, additional, Musingila, Paul K., additional, van der Sande, Marianne A. B., additional, Massawa, Thaddeus, additional, Rogena, Emily A., additional, DeCock, Kevin M., additional, and Young, Peter W., additional

Published
2022
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12. Secondary infections with Ebola virus in rural communities, Liberia and guinea, 2014-2015

Author

Lindblade, Kim A., Nyenswah, Tolbert, Keita, Sakoba, Diallo, Boubakar, Kateh, Francis, Amoah, Aurora, Nagbe, Thomas K., Raghunathan, Pratima, Neatherlin, John C., Kinzer, Mike, Pillai, Satish K., Attfield, Kathleen R., Hajjeh, Rana, Dweh, Emmanuel, Painter, John, Barradas, Danielle T., Williams, Seymour G., Blackley, David J., Kirking, Hannah L., Patel, Monita R., Dea, Monica, Massoudi, Mehran S., Barskey, Albert E., Zarecki, Shauna L. Mettee, Fomba, Moses, Grube, Steven, Belcher, Lisa, Broyles, Laura N., Maxwell, T. Nikki, Hagan, Jose E., Yeoman, Kristin, Westercamp, Matthew, Mott, Joshua, Mahoney, Frank, Slutsker, Laurence, DeCock, Kevin M., Marston, Barbara, and Dahl, Benjamin

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, Prevention, Development and progression, Health aspects, Ebola hemorrhagic fever -- Development and progression -- Prevention -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Development and progression -- Prevention -- Health aspects, Ebola virus -- Health aspects
Abstract

Transmission of Ebola virus occurs through direct contact with blood or other body fluids of an infected person after symptoms have developed. During an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD), [...]

Published
2016
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13. Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Western Kenya: Operational Issues

Author

Hoog, Anna H. van't, Mbori-Ngacha, Dorothy A., Marum, Lawrence H., Otieno, Juliana A., Misore, Ambrose O., DeCock, Kevin M., and Nganga, Lucy W.

Subjects
Infants -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Risk factors, HIV infection in children -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

A study is conducted to improve uptake in a program to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission and to present lessons relevant for prevention of mother-to-child transmission program in resource-poor settings. The study indicates that addressing institutional factors can improve uptake, but expected program impact remains low for several reasons, including relatively low efficiency of the intervention.

Published
2005

14. List of Contributors

Author

Abrams, Donald I., primary, Altice, Frederick L., additional, Angelino, Andrew, additional, Apetrei, Cristian, additional, Bangsberg, David, additional, Barbour, Jason D., additional, Barnett, Tony, additional, Bartlett, John G., additional, Bohjanen, Paul R., additional, Boucher, Charles, additional, Boulware, David R., additional, Bruce, R. Douglas, additional, Burrowes, Sahai, additional, Bushen, Oluma Y., additional, Byakika-Tusiime, Jayne, additional, Cardo, Denise M., additional, Cennimo, David J., additional, Chaisson, Richard E., additional, Charles, Marie, additional, Clifford, David B., additional, Cooper, David A., additional, Coplan, Paul, additional, Darkoh-Ampem, Ernest, additional, Davis, J. Lucian, additional, DeCock, Kevin M., additional, Deeks, Steven G., additional, Derdelinckx, Inge, additional, Devitt, Emma, additional, Dieterich, Douglas, additional, Drew, W. Lawrence, additional, Drucker, Ernest, additional, Dunn, James P., additional, Ellner, Jerrold J., additional, Erlich, Kim S., additional, Fix, Oren K., additional, Flexner, Charles W., additional, Friedland, Gerald, additional, Gayle, Helene D., additional, Geelen, Sibyl, additional, Gerntholtz, Trevor E., additional, Gray, Clive M., additional, Greene, Warner C., additional, Greenspan, Deborah, additional, Greenspan, John S., additional, Grunfeld, Carl, additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Hankins, Catherine, additional, Harrigan, P. Richard, additional, Harris, Marianne, additional, Heimer, Robert, additional, Hogerzeil, Hans V., additional, Huang, Laurence, additional, Inrig, Jula K., additional, Jacobson, Mark A., additional, John, Malcolm, additional, Jones-López, Edward C., additional, Kaplan, Lawrence D., additional, Katabira, Elly, additional, Karim, Salim Abdool, additional, Kelleher, Anthony D., additional, Kerr, Stephen J., additional, Keruly, Jeanne C., additional, Klotman, Paul E., additional, Koehler, Jane E., additional, Koup, Richard A., additional, Laeyendecker, Oliver, additional, Lange, Joep M.A., additional, Lo, Joan C., additional, Long, Jessica L., additional, Madra, Primo, additional, Malinowska-Sempruch, Kasia, additional, Mallal, Simon, additional, Marx, Preston, additional, Mascola, John R., additional, Maurer, Toby, additional, Merry, Concepta, additional, Mitchnick, Mark, additional, Mitike, Mesfin Teshome, additional, Moatti, Jean-Paul, additional, Mofenson, Lynne M., additional, Montaner, Julio S.G., additional, Montoya, Jose G., additional, Moore, Richard D., additional, Musoke, Philippa, additional, Newman, Meg D., additional, Nolan, David, additional, Orrell, Catherine, additional, Overbaugh, Julie, additional, Page, Kathleen R., additional, Panlilio, Adelisa L., additional, Pavia, Andrew T., additional, Peiperl, Laurence, additional, Peterlin, B. Matija, additional, Peters, Marion, additional, Petrella, Marco, additional, Powderly, William G., additional, Quinn, Thomas C., additional, Reiss, Peter, additional, Remington, Jack S., additional, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, additional, Ronald, Allan, additional, Rosenberg, Zeda F., additional, Ruxrungtham, Kiat, additional, Ryan, Máirín, additional, Sande, Merle A., additional, Schambelan, Morris, additional, Schechter, Mauro, additional, van der Loeff, Maarten F. Schim, additional, Schuitemaker, Hanneke, additional, Serlin, Michael H., additional, Shepherd, James C., additional, Sirisanthana, Thira, additional, Southwell, Heather, additional, Sow, Papa Salif, additional, Sowa, Theo, additional, Stein, James H., additional, Strathdee, Steffanie, additional, Subauste, Carlos S., additional, Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, additional, Szczech, Lynda A., additional, ter Kuile, Feiko O., additional, Thompson, Alex, additional, Tokumoto, Jason, additional, Treisman, Glenn, additional, Oranje, Mabel van, additional, van't Wout, Angélique B., additional, Ventelou, Bruno, additional, Volberding, Paul A., additional, Wainberg, Mark A., additional, Walker, Bruce, additional, Wanyenze, Rhoda, additional, Weinberg, Melissa E., additional, Whitworth, James A.G., additional, Wit, Ferdinand W.N.M., additional, and Worobey, Michael, additional

Published
2008
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20. Ethics and HIV Trials

Author

Simonds, R. J., Dondero, Timothy J., DeCock, Kevin M., and Gayle, Helene D.

Published
1999

21. HIV and AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis in ethnic minorities in United Kingdom: is surveillance serving its purpose?

Author

DeCock, Kevin M. and Low, Nicola

Subjects
Sexually transmitted diseases -- Demographic aspects -- Health aspects, Tuberculosis -- Demographic aspects -- Health aspects, Ethnic groups -- Health aspects, Health, Demographic aspects, Health aspects
Abstract

Introduction Disease surveillance the routine collection, analysis, and dissemination of data about the distribution of diseases--is essential for the planning and provision of services for preventing, treating, and controlling diseases.[1 [...]

Published
1997

22. HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire

Author

Gayle, Helene Doris, Gnaore, Emmanual, Adjorlolo, Georgette, Ekpini, Ehounou, Coulibaly, Ramata, Porter, Anne, Braun, M. Miles, Zabban, Marie-Louise Klein, Andou, Joseph, Timite, Adjoua, Assi-Adou, Jerome, and DeCock, Kevin M.

Subjects
Cote d'Ivoire -- Health aspects, HIV infection in children -- International aspects, HIV seroprevalence -- Research, Health
Published
1992

23. AIDS surveillance in Africa: a reappraisal of case definitions

Author

DeCock, Kevin M., Selik, Richard M., Soro, Benoit, Gayle, Helene, and Colebunders, Robert L.

Subjects
AIDS (Disease) -- Diagnosis -- Africa, Health, Diagnosis
Abstract

Disease surveillance--the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data concerning particular diseases--is essential for setting public health priorities, for providing a rational basis for health policy, and for [...]

Published
1991

26. Implementation of Ebola case-finding using a village chieftaincy taskforce in a remote outbreak--Liberia, 2014

Author

Hagan, Jose E., Smith, Wilmot, Pillai, Satish K., Yeoman, Kristin, Gupta, Sundeep, Neatherlin, John, Slutsker, Laurence, Lindblade, Kim A., DeCock, Kevin M., Kateh, Francis, and Nyenswah, Tolbert

Subjects
Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Virus diseases, Task forces, Ebola virus infections
Abstract

On October 16, 2014, a woman aged 48 years traveled from Monrovia, Liberia, to the Kayah region of Rivercess County, a remote, resource-poor, and sparsely populated region of Liberia, and [...]

Published
2016

27. First documentation of human crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, Kenya. (Letters)

Author

Dunster, Lee, Dunster, Manuela, Ofula, Victor, Beti, Dunston, Kazooba-Voskamp, Femke, Burt, Felicity, Swanepoel, Robert, and DeCock, Kevin M.

Abstract

To the Editor: On October 21, 2000, a previously health), 25-year-old male farmer was admitted to a mission hospital in western Kenya with an acute hemorrhagic illness. Four days before [...]

Published
2002

29. HIV-2 and natural protection against HIV-1 infection

Author

Greenberg, Alan E., Wiktor, Stefan Z., DeCock, Kevin M., Smith, Peter, Jaffe, Harold W., and Dondero, Timothy J.

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Research, Immunological research -- Analysis -- Research, HIV patients -- Research -- Analysis, Science and technology, Analysis, Research
Abstract

Karin Travers et al. report that infection with HIV-2, an apparently less virulent strain of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), provided natural protection, estimated at approximately 70%, against infection with [...]

Published
1996

31. Population-Based Biochemistry, Immunologic and Hematological Reference Values for Adolescents and Young Adults in a Rural Population in Western Kenya

Author

Zeh, Clement, primary, Amornkul, Pauli N., additional, Inzaule, Seth, additional, Ondoa, Pascale, additional, Oyaro, Boaz, additional, Mwaengo, Dufton M., additional, Vandenhoudt, Hilde, additional, Gichangi, Anthony, additional, Williamson, John, additional, Thomas, Timothy, additional, DeCock, Kevin M., additional, Hart, Clyde, additional, Nkengasong, John, additional, and Laserson, Kayla, additional

Published
2011
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35. HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE IN RURAL WESTERN KENYA: A PLATFORM FOR EVALUATING INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY FROM INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Author

ADAZU, KUBAJE, primary, ODHIAMBO, FRANK, additional, AMORNKUL, PAULI, additional, KARANJA, DIANA, additional, KWACH, JAMES, additional, ROSEN, DANIEL H., additional, DECOCK, KEVIN M., additional, SLUTSKER, LAURENCE, additional, OFWARE, PETER, additional, VAN EIJK, ANNA M., additional, LINDBLADE, KIM A., additional, and VULULE, JOHN M., additional

Published
2005
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38. Prevalence of Hepatitis δ (Delta) Virus Infection A Seroepidemiologic Study

Author

DeCock, Kevin M., Jones, Brenda, Govindarajan, Sugantha, and Redeker, Allan G.

Subjects
Male, viruses, Humans, Serologic Tests, Clinical Medicine, Epidemiologic Methods, Hepatitis B, California, Hepatitis D
Abstract

In assessing the prevalence of hepatitis delta (delta) virus (HDV) infection in 358 patients with acute hepatitis B seen in Los Angeles between 1983 and 1985 and in 196 patients with chronic hepatitis B followed between 1980 and 1985, we found that 23% of patients with chronic and 5% of patients with acute hepatitis B were infected with HDV. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B, the prevalence of HDV infection was 73% in intravenous drug users and 14% in homosexual men. Acute coinfection with the hepatitis B virus was also more frequent in drug users (8%) than in other groups. delta-Hepatitis is a common infection in hepatitis B virus carriers in Los Angeles, particularly in drug addicts, but also in homosexual men who do not abuse drugs intravenously.

Published
1988

43. Cholera Outbreak in Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya - November 2015-June 2016.

Author

Golicha Q, Shetty S, Nasiblov O, Hussein A, Wainaina E, Obonyo M, Macharia D, Musyoka RN, Abdille H, Ope M, Joseph R, Kabugi W, Kiogora J, Said M, Boru W, Galgalo T, Lowther SA, Juma B, Mugoh R, Wamola N, Onyango C, Gura Z, Widdowson MA, DeCock KM, and Burton JW

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cholera prevention & control, Diarrhea microbiology, Female, Humans, Kenya epidemiology, Male, Public Health Practice, Risk Factors, Sanitation, Vibrio cholerae O1 drug effects, Vibrio cholerae O1 isolation & purification, Young Adult, Cholera epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Refugee Camps, Refugees statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Dadaab Refugee camp in Garissa County, Kenya, hosts nearly 340,000 refugees in five subcamps (Dagahaley, Hagadera, Ifo, Ifo2, and Kambioos) (1). On November 18 and 19, 2015, during an ongoing national cholera outbreak (2), two camp residents were evaluated for acute watery diarrhea (three or more stools in ≤24 hours); Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 serotype Ogawa was isolated from stool specimens collected from both patients. Within 1 week of the report of index cases, an additional 45 cases of acute watery diarrhea were reported. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and their health-sector partners coordinated the cholera response, community outreach and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) activities; Médecins Sans Frontiéres and the International Rescue Committee were involved in management of cholera treatment centers; CDC performed laboratory confirmation of cases and undertook GIS mapping and postoutbreak response assessment; and the Garissa County Government and the Kenya Ministry of Health conducted a case-control study. To prevent future cholera outbreaks, improvements to WASH and enhanced disease surveillance systems in Dadaab camp and the surrounding area are needed., Competing Interests: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Published
2018
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44. Implementation of Ebola case-finding using a village chieftaincy taskforce in a remote outbreak - Liberia, 2014.

Author

Hagan JE, Smith W, Pillai SK, Yeoman K, Gupta S, Neatherlin J, Slutsker L, Lindblade KA, DeCock KM, Kateh F, and Nyenswah T

Subjects
Cluster Analysis, Female, Humans, Liberia epidemiology, Middle Aged, Travel, Contact Tracing, Disease Outbreaks, Ebolavirus isolation & purification, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Population Surveillance methods
Abstract

On October 16, 2014, a woman aged 48 years traveled from Monrovia, Liberia, to the Kayah region of Rivercess County, a remote, resource-poor, and sparsely populated region of Liberia, and died on October 21 with symptoms compatible with Ebola virus disease (Ebola). She was buried in accordance with local tradition, which included grooming, touching, and kissing the body by family and other community members while it was being prepared for burial. During October 24-November 12, eight persons with probable and 13 with confirmed Ebola epidemiologically linked to the deceased woman had onset of symptoms. Nineteen of the 21 persons lived in five nearby villages in Kayah region; two, both with probable cases, lived in neighboring Grand Bassa County (Figure). Four of the confirmed cases in Kayah were linked by time and location, although the source case could not be determined because the patients had more than one exposure.

Published
2015

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